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Wen Y, Jiang X, Li D, Ou Z, Yu Y, Chen R, Chen C, Xu H. Synthesis and characterization of an artificial glucosinolate bearing a chlorthalonil-based aglycon as a potent inhibitor of glucosinolate transporters. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2023; 212:113726. [PMID: 37207992 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2023.113726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Glucosinolates (GSLs) are specialized metabolites in plants of the order Brassicales. GSL transporters (GTRs) are essential for the redistribution of GSLs and also play a role in controlling the GSL content of seeds. However, specific inhibitors of these transporters have not been reported. In the current study, we described the design and synthesis of 2,3,4,6-tetrachloro-5-cyanophenyl GSL (TCPG), an artificial GSL bearing a chlorothalonil moiety as a potent inhibitor of GTRs, and evaluated its inhibitory effect on the substrate uptake mediated through GTR1 and GTR2. Molecular docking showed that the position of the β-D-glucose group of TCPG was significantly different from that of the natural substrate in GTRs and the chlorothalonil moiety forms halogen bonds with GTRs. Functional assays and kinetic analysis of the transport activity revealed that TCPG could significantly inhibit the transport activity of GTR1 and GTR2 (IC50 values (mean ± SD) being 79 ± 16 μM and 192 ± 14 μM, respectively). Similarly, TCPG could inhibit the uptake and phloem transport of exogenous sinigrin by Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh leaf tissues, while not affecting that of esculin (a fluorescent surrogate for sucrose). TCPG could also reduce the content of endogenous GSLs in phloem exudates. Together, TCPG was discovered as an undescribed inhibitor of the uptake and phloem transport of GSLs, which brings novel insights into the ligand recognition of GTRs and provides a new strategy to control the GSL level. Further tests on the ecotoxicological and environmental safety of TCPG are needed before using it as an agricultural or horticultural chemical in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjie Wen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources and Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, China
| | - Xunyuan Jiang
- Institute of Quality Standard and Monitoring Technology for Agro-products of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510640, China
| | - Dehong Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources and Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, China
| | - Ziyue Ou
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources and Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, China
| | - Ye Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources and Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, China
| | - Ronghua Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources and Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, China
| | - Changming Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, China
| | - Hanhong Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources and Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, China.
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Li Z, Zheng S, Liu Y, Fang Z, Yang L, Zhuang M, Zhang Y, Lv H, Wang Y, Xu D. Characterization of glucosinolates in 80 broccoli genotypes and different organs using UHPLC-Triple-TOF-MS method. Food Chem 2020; 334:127519. [PMID: 32721832 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to characterize and quantify glucosinolate compounds and contents in broccoli, and a total of 80 genotypes and eight developmental organs were analyzed with UHPLC-Triple-TOF-MS. The method was validated in terms of performance, and the coefficients of determination (R2) were 0.97 and 0.99 for glucoraphanin and gluconapin, respectively. In 80 genotypes, twelve glucosinolates were found in broccoli florets ranging from 0.467 to 57.156 µmol/g DW, with the highest glucosinolate content being approximately 122-fold higher than the lowest value. The principal component of glucobrassicin, neoglucobrassicin and glucoraphanin explained 60.53% of the total variance. There were positive correlations among hydroxyglucobrassicin, methoxyglucobrassicin, glucobrassicin, glucoerucin, gluconasturtiin, glucoraphanin, and glucotropaeolin (P < 0.05). The root contained 43% of total glucosinolates in 80 genotypes, and glucoraphanin represented 29% of the total glucosinolate content in different organs. The mutant broccoli genotypes were found by analysis of gluconapin contents in different organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhansheng Li
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, P. R. China, Beijing 100081, China; Key Laboratory of Vegetables Quality and Safety Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Shuning Zheng
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, P. R. China, Beijing 100081, China; Key Laboratory of Vegetables Quality and Safety Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yumei Liu
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, P. R. China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zhiyuan Fang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, P. R. China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Limei Yang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, P. R. China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Mu Zhuang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, P. R. China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yangyong Zhang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, P. R. China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Honghao Lv
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, P. R. China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, P. R. China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Donghui Xu
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, P. R. China, Beijing 100081, China; Key Laboratory of Vegetables Quality and Safety Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Beijing 100081, China.
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Synthesis of aromatic and indole alpha-glucosinolates. Carbohydr Res 2017; 455:45-53. [PMID: 29169042 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2017.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Aromatic and indole glucosinolates are important members of the glucosinolate family of compounds du to their potential medicinal properties. They are known to exert antioxidant and anti-carcinogenic activity either by the natural products themselves, or their metabolic products including indole-3-carbinol and isothiocyanates. Natural glucosinolates are all β-glucosinolates; however, α-glucosinolates are also promising compounds for medicinal applications and hence have to be produced synthetically for any bio-activity studies. Here we report on the successful synthesis of a series of α-glucosinolates: α-neoglucobrassicin, α-4-methoxyglucobrassicin, 2,3-dichlorophenyl-α-glucosinolate for the first time. Testing for anti-inflammatory properties of these synthetic GLs, however, did not yield the expected activity.
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