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Gerdol M, Nerelli DE, Martelossi N, Ogawa Y, Fujii Y, Pallavicini A, Ozeki Y. Taxonomic Distribution and Molecular Evolution of Mytilectins. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:614. [PMID: 38132935 PMCID: PMC10744619 DOI: 10.3390/md21120614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
R-type lectins are a widespread group of sugar-binding proteins found in nearly all domains of life, characterized by the presence of a carbohydrate-binding domain that adopts a β-trefoil fold. Mytilectins represent a recently described subgroup of β-trefoil lectins, which have been functionally characterized in a few mussel species (Mollusca, Bivalvia) and display attractive properties, which may fuel the development of artificial lectins with different biotechnological applications. The detection of different paralogous genes in mussels, together with the description of orthologous sequences in brachiopods, supports the formal description of mytilectins as a gene family. However, to date, an investigation of the taxonomic distribution of these lectins and their molecular diversification and evolution was still lacking. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of the evolutionary history of mytilectins, revealing an ancient monophyletic evolutionary origin and a very broad but highly discontinuous taxonomic distribution, ranging from heteroscleromorphan sponges to ophiuroid and crinoid echinoderms. Moreover, the overwhelming majority of mytilectins display a chimera-like architecture, which combines the β-trefoil carbohydrate recognition domain with a C-terminal pore-forming domain, suggesting that the simpler structure of most functionally characterized mytilectins derives from a secondary domain loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Gerdol
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri 5, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Daniela Eugenia Nerelli
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri 5, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Nicola Martelossi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri 5, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Yukiko Ogawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki International University, 2825-7 Huis Ten Bosch, Sasebo 859-3298, Japan
| | - Yuki Fujii
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki International University, 2825-7 Huis Ten Bosch, Sasebo 859-3298, Japan
| | - Alberto Pallavicini
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri 5, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Yasuhiro Ozeki
- Graduate School of NanoBio Sciences, Yokohama City University, 22-2 Seto, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0027, Japan
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2
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Nabi-Afjadi M, Heydari M, Zalpoor H, Arman I, Sadoughi A, Sahami P, Aghazadeh S. Lectins and lectibodies: potential promising antiviral agents. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2022; 27:37. [PMID: 35562647 PMCID: PMC9100318 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-022-00338-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In nature, lectins are widely dispersed proteins that selectively recognize and bind to carbohydrates and glycoconjugates via reversible bonds at specific binding sites. Many viral diseases have been treated with lectins due to their wide range of structures, specificity for carbohydrates, and ability to bind carbohydrates. Through hemagglutination assays, these proteins can be detected interacting with various carbohydrates on the surface of cells and viral envelopes. This review discusses the most robust lectins and their rationally engineered versions, such as lectibodies, as antiviral proteins. Fusion of lectin and antibody’s crystallizable fragment (Fc) of immunoglobulin G (IgG) produces a molecule called a “lectibody” that can act as a carbohydrate-targeting antibody. Lectibodies can not only bind to the surface glycoproteins via their lectins and neutralize and clear viruses or infected cells by viruses but also perform Fc-mediated antibody effector functions. These functions include complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC), antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC), and antibody-dependent cell-mediated phagocytosis (ADCP). In addition to entering host cells, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike protein S1 binds to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and downregulates it and type I interferons in a way that may lead to lung disease. The SARS-CoV-2 spike protein S1 and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) envelope are heavily glycosylated, which could make them a major target for developing vaccines, diagnostic tests, and therapeutic drugs. Lectibodies can lead to neutralization and clearance of viruses and cells infected by viruses by binding to glycans located on the envelope surface (e.g., the heavily glycosylated SARS-CoV-2 spike protein).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Nabi-Afjadi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Morteza Heydari
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, 13145-1384, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Zalpoor
- Shiraz Neuroscience Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.,American Association of Kidney Patients, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Ibrahim Arman
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Sciences and Arts, Zonguldak Bulent Ecevit University, Zonguldak, Turkey
| | - Arezoo Sadoughi
- Department of Immunology, International Campus, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Parisa Sahami
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technologies Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences (KUMS), Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Safiyeh Aghazadeh
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, 5756151818, Iran.
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3
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Khan F, Kurre D, Suguna K. Crystal structures of a β-trefoil lectin from Entamoeba histolytica in monomeric and a novel disulfide bond-mediated dimeric forms. Glycobiology 2020; 30:474-488. [DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwaa001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2018] [Revised: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstractβ-Trefoil lectins are galactose/N-acetyl galactosamine specific lectins, which are widely distributed across all kingdoms of life and are known to perform several important functions. However, there is no report available on the characterization of these lectins from protozoans. We have performed structural and biophysical studies on a β-trefoil lectin from Entamoeba histolytica (EntTref), which exists as a mixture of monomers and dimers in solution. Further, we have determined the affinities of EntTref for rhamnose, galactose and different galactose-linked sugars. We obtained the crystal structure of EntTref in a sugar-free form (EntTref_apo) and a rhamnose-bound form (EntTref_rham). A novel Cys residue-mediated dimerization was revealed in the crystal structure of EntTref_apo while the structure of EntTref_rham provided the structural basis for the recognition of rhamnose by a β-trefoil lectin for the first time. To the best of our knowledge, this is the only report of the structural, functional and biophysical characterization of a β-trefoil lectin from a protozoan source and the first report of Cys-mediated dimerization in this class of lectins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farha Khan
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, CV Raman Rd, 560012, India
| | - Devanshu Kurre
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, CV Raman Rd, 560012, India
| | - K Suguna
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, CV Raman Rd, 560012, India
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4
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Kovalchuk SN, Buinovskaya NS, Likhatskaya GN, Rasskazov VA, Son OM, Tekutyeva LA, Balabanova LA. Mutagenesis Studies and Structure-function Relationships for GalNAc/Gal-Specific Lectin from the Sea Mussel Crenomytilus grayanus. Mar Drugs 2018; 16:md16120471. [PMID: 30486373 PMCID: PMC6316223 DOI: 10.3390/md16120471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The GalNAc/Gal-specific lectin from the sea mussel Crenomytilus grayanus (CGL) with anticancer activity represents а novel lectin family with β-trefoil fold. Earlier, the crystal structures of CGL complexes with globotriose, galactose and galactosamine, and mutagenesis studies have revealed that the lectin contained three carbohydrate-binding sites. The ability of CGL to recognize globotriose (Gb3) on the surface of breast cancer cells and bind mucin-type glycoproteins, which are often associated with oncogenic transformation, makes this compound to be perspective as a biosensor for cancer diagnostics. In this study, we describe results on in silico analysis of binding mechanisms of CGL to ligands (galactose, globotriose and mucin) and evaluate the individual contribution of the amino acid residues from carbohydrate-binding sites to CGL activity by site-directed mutagenesis. The alanine substitutions of His37, His129, Glu75, Asp127, His85, Asn27 and Asn119 affect the CGL mucin-binding activity, indicating their importance in the manifestation of lectin activity. It has been found that CGL affinity to ligands depends on their structure, which is determined by the number of hydrogen bonds in the CGL-ligand complexes. The obtained results should be helpful for understanding molecular machinery of CGL functioning and designing a synthetic analog of CGL with enhanced carbohydrate-binding properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana N. Kovalchuk
- Laboratory of Marine Biochemistry, G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Science, 159, Stoletya Vladivostoku str., Vladivostok 690022, Russia; (S.N.K.); (N.S.B.)
| | - Nina S. Buinovskaya
- Laboratory of Marine Biochemistry, G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Science, 159, Stoletya Vladivostoku str., Vladivostok 690022, Russia; (S.N.K.); (N.S.B.)
| | - Galina N. Likhatskaya
- Laboratory of Bioassays and Mechanism of Action of Biologically Active Substances, G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Science, 159, Stoletya Vladivostoku str., Vladivostok 690022, Russia;
| | - Valery A. Rasskazov
- Laboratory of Marine Biochemistry, G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Science, 159, Stoletya Vladivostoku str., Vladivostok 690022, Russia; (S.N.K.); (N.S.B.)
| | - Oksana M. Son
- Innovative Technology Center, School of Economics and Management, Far Eastern Federal University, 8 Sukhanova St., Vladivostok 690090, Russia; (O.M.S.); (L.A.T.)
| | - Liudmila A. Tekutyeva
- Innovative Technology Center, School of Economics and Management, Far Eastern Federal University, 8 Sukhanova St., Vladivostok 690090, Russia; (O.M.S.); (L.A.T.)
| | - Larissa A. Balabanova
- Laboratory of Marine Biochemistry, G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Science, 159, Stoletya Vladivostoku str., Vladivostok 690022, Russia; (S.N.K.); (N.S.B.)
- Innovative Technology Center, School of Economics and Management, Far Eastern Federal University, 8 Sukhanova St., Vladivostok 690090, Russia; (O.M.S.); (L.A.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-432-231-0703
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5
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Terada D, Voet ARD, Noguchi H, Kamata K, Ohki M, Addy C, Fujii Y, Yamamoto D, Ozeki Y, Tame JRH, Zhang KYJ. Computational design of a symmetrical β-trefoil lectin with cancer cell binding activity. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5943. [PMID: 28724971 PMCID: PMC5517649 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06332-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Computational protein design has advanced very rapidly over the last decade, but there remain few examples of artificial proteins with direct medical applications. This study describes a new artificial β-trefoil lectin that recognises Burkitt’s lymphoma cells, and which was designed with the intention of finding a basis for novel cancer treatments or diagnostics. The new protein, called “Mitsuba”, is based on the structure of the natural shellfish lectin MytiLec-1, a member of a small lectin family that uses unique sequence motifs to bind α-D-galactose. The three subdomains of MytiLec-1 each carry one galactose binding site, and the 149-residue protein forms a tight dimer in solution. Mitsuba (meaning “three-leaf” in Japanese) was created by symmetry constraining the structure of a MytiLec-1 subunit, resulting in a 150-residue sequence that contains three identical tandem repeats. Mitsuba-1 was expressed and crystallised to confirm the X-ray structure matches the predicted model. Mitsuba-1 recognises cancer cells that express globotriose (Galα(1,4)Galβ(1,4)Glc) on the surface, but the cytotoxicity is abolished.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiki Terada
- Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, 1-7-29 Suehiro, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan.,Structural Bioinformatics Team, Division of Structural and Synthetic Biology, Center for Life Science Technologies, RIKEN, 1-7-22 Suehiro, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Arnout R D Voet
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Modelling and Design, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200G, 3001, Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Hiroki Noguchi
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Modelling and Design, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200G, 3001, Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Kenichi Kamata
- Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, 1-7-29 Suehiro, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Mio Ohki
- Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, 1-7-29 Suehiro, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Christine Addy
- Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, 1-7-29 Suehiro, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Yuki Fujii
- Department of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nagasaki International University, 2825-7 Huis Ten Bosch, Sasebo, Nagasaki, 859-3298, Japan
| | - Daiki Yamamoto
- Laboratory of Glycobiology and Marine Biochemistry, Graduate School of NanoBio Sciences, Yokohama City University, 22-2, Seto, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0027, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Ozeki
- Laboratory of Glycobiology and Marine Biochemistry, Graduate School of NanoBio Sciences, Yokohama City University, 22-2, Seto, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0027, Japan
| | - Jeremy R H Tame
- Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, 1-7-29 Suehiro, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan.
| | - Kam Y J Zhang
- Structural Bioinformatics Team, Division of Structural and Synthetic Biology, Center for Life Science Technologies, RIKEN, 1-7-22 Suehiro, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan.
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6
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García-Maldonado E, Cano-Sánchez P, Hernández-Santoyo A. Molecular and functional characterization of a glycosylated Galactose-Binding lectin from Mytilus californianus. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 66:564-574. [PMID: 28546025 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.05.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Revised: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Lectins play crucial roles for innate immune responses in invertebrates by recognizing and eliminating pathogens. In this study, a lectin from the mussel Mytilus californianus (MCL) was identified and characterized. The lectin was purified by affinity chromatography in α-lactose-agarose resin showing an experimental molecular mass of 18000 Da as determined by SDS-PAGE and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. It was specific for binding d-galactose and N-Acetyl-d-galactosamine that contained carbohydrate moieties that were also inhibited by melibiose and raffinose. It had the ability to agglutinate all types of human erythrocytes, as well as rabbit red blood cells. Circular dichroism analyzes have indicated that this lectin possessed an α/β fold with a predominance of β structures. This was consistent with the structure of the protein that was determined by the X-ray diffraction techniques. MCL was crystallized in the space group C21 and it diffracted to 1.79 Å resolution. Two monomers were found in the asymmetric unit and they formed dimers in solution. The protein has shown to be a member of the β-trefoil family, with three sugar binding sites per monomer. In accord with fluorescence-based thermal shift assays, we observed that the MCL Tm increased about 10 °C in the presence of galactose. Furthermore, we have determined the complete amino acid sequence by cDNA sequencing. The gene had two ORF2 proteins, one resulting in a 180 residue protein with a theoretical molecular mass of 20227 Da, and another resulting in a 150 residue protein with a theoretical molecular mass of 16911 Da. The difference between the theoretical and experimental values was due to the presence of a glycosylation that was observed by the glycosylation assay. A positive microbial agglutination and a growth inhibition activity were observed against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. The M. californianus lectin is the fourth member of the recently proposed new family of lectins that have been reported to date, occurring only in mollusks belonging to the family Mytilidae. It is the first member to be glycosylated and with a strong tendency to form large oligomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efrén García-Maldonado
- Departamento de Química de Biomacromoléculas, Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, Cd. Mx. C.P. 04510, Mexico
| | - Patricia Cano-Sánchez
- Departamento de Química de Biomacromoléculas, Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, Cd. Mx. C.P. 04510, Mexico
| | - Alejandra Hernández-Santoyo
- Departamento de Química de Biomacromoléculas, Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, Cd. Mx. C.P. 04510, Mexico.
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7
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Mitchell CA, Ramessar K, O'Keefe BR. Antiviral lectins: Selective inhibitors of viral entry. Antiviral Res 2017; 142:37-54. [PMID: 28322922 PMCID: PMC5414728 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2017.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Many natural lectins have been reported to have antiviral activity. As some of these have been put forward as potential development candidates for preventing or treating viral infections, we have set out in this review to survey the literature on antiviral lectins. The review groups lectins by structural class and class of source organism we also detail their carbohydrate specificity and their reported antiviral activities. The review concludes with a brief discussion of several of the pertinent hurdles that heterologous proteins must clear to be useful clinical candidates and cites examples where such studies have been reported for antiviral lectins. Though the clearest path currently being followed is the use of antiviral lectins as anti-HIV microbicides via topical mucosal administration, some investigators have also found systemic efficacy against acute infections following subcutaneous administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carter A Mitchell
- Molecular Targets Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Frederick, MD, 21702-1201, USA
| | - Koreen Ramessar
- Molecular Targets Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Frederick, MD, 21702-1201, USA
| | - Barry R O'Keefe
- Molecular Targets Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Frederick, MD, 21702-1201, USA.
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8
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Crystal structure of MytiLec, a galactose-binding lectin from the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis with cytotoxicity against certain cancer cell types. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28344. [PMID: 27321048 PMCID: PMC4913266 DOI: 10.1038/srep28344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
MytiLec is a lectin, isolated from bivalves, with cytotoxic activity against cancer cell lines that express globotriaosyl ceramide, Galα(1,4)Galβ(1,4)Glcα1-Cer, on the cell surface. Functional analysis shows that the protein binds to the disaccharide melibiose, Galα(1,6)Glc, and the trisaccharide globotriose, Galα(1,4)Galβ(1,4)Glc. Recombinant MytiLec expressed in bacteria showed the same haemagglutinating and cytotoxic activity against Burkitt's lymphoma (Raji) cells as the native form. The crystal structure has been determined to atomic resolution, in the presence and absence of ligands, showing the protein to be a member of the β-trefoil family, but with a mode of ligand binding unique to a small group of related trefoil lectins. Each of the three pseudo-equivalent binding sites within the monomer shows ligand binding, and the protein forms a tight dimer in solution. An engineered monomer mutant lost all cytotoxic activity against Raji cells, but retained some haemagglutination activity, showing that the quaternary structure of the protein is important for its cellular effects.
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9
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Hasan I, Gerdol M, Fujii Y, Rajia S, Koide Y, Yamamoto D, Kawsar SMA, Ozeki Y. cDNA and Gene Structure of MytiLec-1, A Bacteriostatic R-Type Lectin from the Mediterranean Mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis). Mar Drugs 2016; 14:md14050092. [PMID: 27187419 PMCID: PMC4882566 DOI: 10.3390/md14050092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
MytiLec is an α-d-galactose-binding lectin with a unique primary structure isolated from the Mediterranean mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis). The lectin adopts a β-trefoil fold that is also found in the B-sub-unit of ricin and other ricin-type (R-type) lectins. We are introducing MytiLec(-1) and its two variants (MytiLec-2 and -3), which both possess an additional pore-forming aerolysin-like domain, as members of a novel multi-genic “mytilectin family” in bivalve mollusks. Based on the full length mRNA sequence (911 bps), it was possible to elucidate the coding sequence of MytiLec-1, which displays an extended open reading frame (ORF) at the 5′ end of the sequence, confirmed both at the mRNA and at the genomic DNA sequence level. While this extension could potentially produce a polypeptide significantly longer than previously reported, this has not been confirmed yet at the protein level. MytiLec-1 was revealed to be encoded by a gene consisting of two exons and a single intron. The first exon comprised the 5′UTR and the initial ATG codon and it was possible to detect a putative promoter region immediately ahead of the transcription start site in the MytiLec-1 genomic locus. The remaining part of the MytiLec-1 coding sequence (including the three sub-domains, the 3′UTR and the poly-A signal) was included in the second exon. The bacteriostatic activity of MytiLec-1 was determined by the agglutination of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, which was reversed by the co-presence of α-galactoside. Altogether, these data support the classification of MytiLec-1 as a member of the novel mytilectin family and suggest that this lectin may play an important role as a pattern recognition receptor in the innate immunity of mussels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imtiaj Hasan
- Department of Life and Environmental System Science, Graduate School of NanoBio Sciences, Yokohama City University, 22-2 Seto, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0027, Japan.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh.
| | - Marco Gerdol
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri 5, Trieste 34127, Italy.
| | - Yuki Fujii
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Nagasaki International University, 2825-7 Huis Ten Bosch, Sasebo, Nagasaki 859-3298, Japan.
| | - Sultana Rajia
- Department of Life and Environmental System Science, Graduate School of NanoBio Sciences, Yokohama City University, 22-2 Seto, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0027, Japan.
- Department of Natural Science, Varendra University, Rajshahi 6204, Bangladesh.
| | - Yasuhiro Koide
- Department of Life and Environmental System Science, Graduate School of NanoBio Sciences, Yokohama City University, 22-2 Seto, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0027, Japan.
| | - Daiki Yamamoto
- Department of Life and Environmental System Science, Graduate School of NanoBio Sciences, Yokohama City University, 22-2 Seto, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0027, Japan.
| | - Sarkar M A Kawsar
- Department of Life and Environmental System Science, Graduate School of NanoBio Sciences, Yokohama City University, 22-2 Seto, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0027, Japan.
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Chittagong, Chittagong 4331, Bangladesh.
| | - Yasuhiro Ozeki
- Department of Life and Environmental System Science, Graduate School of NanoBio Sciences, Yokohama City University, 22-2 Seto, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0027, Japan.
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10
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Liao JH, Chien CTH, Wu HY, Huang KF, Wang I, Ho MR, Tu IF, Lee IM, Li W, Shih YL, Wu CY, Lukyanov PA, Hsu STD, Wu SH. A Multivalent Marine Lectin from Crenomytilus grayanus Possesses Anti-cancer Activity through Recognizing Globotriose Gb3. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:4787-95. [PMID: 27010847 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b00111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we report the structure and function of a lectin from the sea mollusk Crenomytilus grayanus collected from the sublittoral zone of Peter the Great Bay of the Sea of Japan. The crystal structure of C. grayanus lectin (CGL) was solved to a resolution of 1.08 Å, revealing a β-trefoil fold that dimerizes into a dumbbell-shaped quaternary structure. Analysis of the crystal CGL structures bound to galactose, galactosamine, and globotriose Gb3 indicated that each CGL can bind three ligands through a carbohydrate-binding motif involving an extensive histidine- and water-mediated hydrogen bond network. CGL binding to Gb3 is further enhanced by additional side-chain-mediated hydrogen bonds in each of the three ligand-binding sites. NMR titrations revealed that the three binding sites have distinct microscopic affinities toward galactose and galactosamine. Cell viability assays showed that CGL recognizes Gb3 on the surface of breast cancer cells, leading to cell death. Our findings suggest the use of this lectin in cancer diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahn-Haur Liao
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica , Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ta Henry Chien
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica , Taipei 11529, Taiwan.,Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University , Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Han-Ying Wu
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Chemical Biology and Molecular Biophysics Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica , Taipei 115, Taiwan.,Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University , Hsinchu 30043, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Fa Huang
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica , Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Iren Wang
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica , Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Ru Ho
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica , Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - I-Fan Tu
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica , Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - I-Ming Lee
- Institute of Biochemical Science, National Taiwan University , Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Wei Li
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Products Processing and Utilization of Liaoning Province, Dalian Ocean University , Dalian 116023, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Ling Shih
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica , Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Yi Wu
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica , Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Pavel A Lukyanov
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences , Vladivostok 690022, Russian Federation
| | - Shang-Te Danny Hsu
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica , Taipei 11529, Taiwan.,Institute of Biological Chemistry, Chemical Biology and Molecular Biophysics Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica , Taipei 115, Taiwan.,Institute of Biochemical Science, National Taiwan University , Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hsiung Wu
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica , Taipei 11529, Taiwan.,Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University , Taipei 106, Taiwan.,Institute of Biological Chemistry, Chemical Biology and Molecular Biophysics Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica , Taipei 115, Taiwan.,Institute of Biochemical Science, National Taiwan University , Taipei 106, Taiwan
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11
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Lai X, Soler-Lopez M, Ismaya WT, Wichers HJ, Dijkstra BW. Crystal structure of recombinant tyrosinase-binding protein MtaL at 1.35 Å resolution. Acta Crystallogr F Struct Biol Commun 2016; 72:244-50. [PMID: 26919530 PMCID: PMC4774885 DOI: 10.1107/s2053230x16002107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mushroom tyrosinase-associated lectin-like protein (MtaL) binds to mature Agaricus bisporus tyrosinase in vivo, but the exact physiological function of MtaL is unknown. In this study, the crystal structure of recombinant MtaL is reported at 1.35 Å resolution. Comparison of its structure with that of the truncated and cleaved MtaL present in the complex with tyrosinase directly isolated from mushroom shows that the general β-trefoil fold is conserved. However, differences are detected in the loop regions, particularly in the β2-β3 loop, which is intact and not cleaved in the recombinant MtaL. Furthermore, the N-terminal tail is rotated inwards, covering the tyrosinase-binding interface. Thus, MtaL must undergo conformational changes in order to bind mature mushroom tyrosinase. Very interestingly, the β-trefoil fold has been identified to be essential for carbohydrate interaction in other lectin-like proteins. Comparison of the structures of MtaL and a ricin-B-like lectin with a bound disaccharide shows that MtaL may have a similar carbohydrate-binding site that might be involved in glycoreceptor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuelei Lai
- Laboratory of Biophysical Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
- ESRF – The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | | | - Wangsa T. Ismaya
- Dexa Laboratories of Molecular Sciences, Industri Selatan V PP-7, Jababeka II Industrial Estate, Cikarang 17550, Indonesia
| | - Harry J. Wichers
- Wageningen University and Research Centre, Institute for Food & Biobased Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Bauke W. Dijkstra
- Laboratory of Biophysical Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
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