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Schreuders M, van den Putte B, Mlinarić M, Mélard N, Perelman J, Richter M, Rimpela A, Kuipers MAG, Lorant V, Kunst AE. The Association Between Smoke-Free School Policies and Adolescents' Perceived Antismoking Norms: Moderation by School Connectedness. Nicotine Tob Res 2021; 22:1964-1972. [PMID: 31723975 PMCID: PMC7593364 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntz212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Many European schools implement smoke-free school policies (SFSPs). SFSPs may decrease adolescent smoking by causing adolescents to perceive stronger antismoking norms, yet there exists no quantitative evidence that indicates for which norms and for whom such effects may occur. This study therefore assessed to what extent adolescents’ perceived antismoking norms among best friends, teachers, and society at large were associated with SFSPs, and whether these associations were moderated by adolescents’ level of school connectedness. Aims and Methods Survey data were collected in 2016/2017 on 10,653 adolescents aged 14–16 years old and 315 staff members in 55 schools from seven European cities. Associations of adolescent-perceived SFSPs and staff-reported SFSPs with best friend, teacher, and societal antismoking norms were estimated in multilevel logistic regression models, adjusted for demographics and school-level smoking prevalence. We tested for interaction between school connectedness and SFSPs. Results Adolescent-perceived SFSPs were positively associated with antismoking norms by teachers (odds ratio [OR]: 1.46, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.15–1.85), were negatively associated with antismoking norms by best friends (OR: 0.81, 95% CI: 0.67–0.99), but were not significantly associated with antismoking norms by society at large (OR: 0.87, 95% CI: 0.74–1.02). All interaction tests between adolescent-perceived SFSPs and school connectedness were nonsignificant. Staff-reported SFSPs were not associated with any norm and showed no significant interaction with school connectedness. Conclusions We found that SFSPs are associated with adolescents’ perception of more antismoking norms by teachers, but less antismoking norms by best friends, irrespective of adolescents’ level of school connectedness. Implications Smoke-free school policies, just as many other tobacco control policies, are assumed to foster adolescents’ perception of antismoking norms. Still, current evidence does not demonstrate which antismoking norms may be influenced by SFSPs and whether this influence is equal for adolescents with different levels of school connectedness. This study suggests that SFSPs foster adolescents’ perception of antismoking norms by teachers, but may concurrently lead to the perception of less antismoking norms by best friends, irrespective of adolescents’ school connectedness. SFSPs may therefore need to be complemented with interventions that target antismoking norms in adolescent peer groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Schreuders
- Department of Public Health, Amsterdam Public Health Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bas van den Putte
- Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Department of Communication, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martin Mlinarić
- Institute of Medical Sociology, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University, Halle-Wittenberg, Germany
| | - Nora Mélard
- Institute of Health and Society, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Julian Perelman
- NOVA National School of Public Health, Public Health Research Centre, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Matthias Richter
- Institute of Medical Sociology, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University, Halle-Wittenberg, Germany
| | - Arja Rimpela
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Unit of Health Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.,Department of Adolescent Psychiatry, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Mirte A G Kuipers
- Department of Public Health, Amsterdam Public Health Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Vincent Lorant
- Institute of Health and Society, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Anton E Kunst
- Department of Public Health, Amsterdam Public Health Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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The Association of Smoking Exposure at Home with Attempts to Quit Smoking and Cessation Success: A Survey of South Korean Adolescents Who Smoke. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17114129. [PMID: 32531888 PMCID: PMC7312504 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17114129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the association of smoking exposure at home with attempts to quit smoking and the success or failure of such attempts among South Korean adolescents. We utilized the data of 28,652 South Korean adolescents who smoked from the 2015-2017 Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey, including demographic variables (age, sex, and family structure), socioeconomic variables (allowance per week, household income level, and grade), and health-related characteristics (alcohol consumption, intensity of physical activity, stress level, self-reported health status, attendance in smoking cessation programs, and smoking onset). A multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that attempting to quit smoking was less likely among those exposed to smoking at home every day compared to those without such exposure (boys exposed to smoking every day: OR = 0.52, CI = 0.45-0.60; girls exposed to smoking every day: OR = 0.48, CI = 0.38-0.61); cessation success showed similar results (boys exposed to smoking every day: OR = 0.51, CI = 0.46-0.58; girls exposed to smoking every day: OR = 0.56, CI = 0.47-0.66). These findings highlight the impacts of smoking exposure at home and the importance of considering this exposure when supporting adolescents to quit.
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Schreuders M, Kuipers MA, Mlinarić M, Grard A, Linnansaari A, Rimpela A, Richter M, Perelman J, Lorant V, van den Putte B, Kunst AE. The association between smoke-free school policies and adolescents' anti-smoking beliefs: Moderation by family smoking norms. Drug Alcohol Depend 2019; 204:107521. [PMID: 31476644 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2019.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smoke-free school policies (SFSPs) may influence adolescents' smoking through the development of anti-smoking beliefs. We assessed which types of anti-smoking beliefs (health, social and societal) are associated with SFSPs and whether these associations were different for adolescents in smoking permissive versus prohibitive families. METHODS Survey data was collected in 2016-2017 from 10,980 adolescents between 14-16 years old and 315 staff in 55 schools from seven European cities. We separately measured adolescent-perceived SFSP and staff-reported SFSP at the school-level. Associations between SFSP and anti-smoking health, social and societal beliefs were studied using multi-level logistic regression, adjusting for demographics and school-level smoking prevalence. We tested for interactions between family norms and SFSP, and estimated associations for adolescents in permissive and prohibitive families, respectively. RESULTS Adolescent-perceived SFSP was not significantly associated with anti-smoking health (OR:1.08, 95%CI:0.94-1.25), social (OR:0.89, 95%CI:0.75-1.04) and societal beliefs (OR:1.15, 95%CI:0.99-1.33). Staff-reported SFSP were associated with anti-smoking health beliefs (OR:1.12, 95%CI:1.01-1.24), but not with social (OR:0.94, 95%CI:0.83-1.07) or societal beliefs (OR:1.02, 95%CI:0.90-1.14). Most results were comparable between adolescents in smoking prohibitive and permissive families. However, in smoking prohibitive families, adolescent-perceived SFSP were associated with societal beliefs (OR:1.24, 95%CI:1.06-1.46), but not in permissive families (OR:1.06, 95%CI:0.90-1.25). Also, in smoking permissive families, staff-reported SFSP were associated with more pro-smoking social beliefs (OR:0.83, 95%CI:0.72-0.96), but not in prohibitive families (OR:1.05, 95%CI:0.92-1.16). CONCLUSIONS We found evidence that SFSP are associated with some anti-smoking beliefs, but more so among adolescents from smoking prohibitive families than from permissive families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Schreuders
- Department of Public Health, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Mirte Ag Kuipers
- Department of Public Health, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Martin Mlinarić
- Institute of Medical Sociology, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University, Halle-Wittenberg, Germany
| | - Adeline Grard
- Institute of Health and Society, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Anu Linnansaari
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Unit of Health Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Arja Rimpela
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Unit of Health Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland; Department of Adolescent Psychiatry, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Matthias Richter
- Institute of Medical Sociology, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University, Halle-Wittenberg, Germany
| | - Julian Perelman
- National School of Public Health, NOVA University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Vincent Lorant
- Institute of Health and Society, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bas van den Putte
- Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Anton E Kunst
- Department of Public Health, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Impact of an Outdoor Smoking Ban at Secondary Schools on Cigarettes, E-Cigarettes and Water Pipe Use among Adolescents: An 18-Month Follow-Up. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15020205. [PMID: 29370137 PMCID: PMC5858274 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15020205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The effectiveness of outdoor smoking bans on smoking behavior among adolescents remains inconclusive. This study evaluates the long-term impact of outdoor school ground smoking bans among adolescents at secondary schools on the use of conventional cigarettes, e-cigarettes (with/without nicotine) and water pipes. Outdoor smoking bans at 19 Dutch secondary schools were evaluated using a quasi-experimental design. Data on 7733 adolescents were obtained at baseline, and at 6 and 18-month follow-up. The impact of outdoor smoking bans on ‘ever use of conventional cigarettes’, ‘smoking onset’, ‘ever use of e-cigarette with nicotine’, ‘e-cigarette without nicotine’, and ‘water pipe’ was measured. Multilevel logistic regression analysis was used. At schools with a ban, implementation fidelity was checked. At schools where a ban was implemented, at 18-month follow-up more adolescents had started smoking compared to the control condition. No effect of implementation of the ban was found for smoking prevalence, e-cigarettes with/without nicotine, and water pipe use. Implementation fidelity was sufficient. No long-term effects were found of an outdoor smoking ban, except for smoking onset. The ban might cause a reversal effect when schools encounter difficulties with its enforcement or when adolescents still see others smoking. Additional research is required with a longer follow-up than 18 months.
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Schreuders M, Nuyts PA, van den Putte B, Kunst AE. Understanding the impact of school tobacco policies on adolescent smoking behaviour: A realist review. Soc Sci Med 2017; 183:19-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2017.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Lazuras L. Normative influences on intentions to smoke among Greek adolescents: the moderating role of smoking status. Tob Induc Dis 2014; 12:5. [PMID: 24670201 PMCID: PMC3973024 DOI: 10.1186/1617-9625-12-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Social norms influence adolescent smoking intentions, but this effect may differentiate depending on current smoking experiences. The presented study assessed the moderation effects of smoking status on the relationship between social norms and smoking intentions among Greek adolescents. Methods A cross-section survey-based design was used. Overall, 251 Greek secondary school students (M age = 16.1 years, 61.2% females) completed structured and anonymous questionnaires including demographic characteristics (age, gender), subjective and descriptive social norms towards smoking, self-reported tobacco use, and intentions to smoke in the next 12 months. Results Linear regression analysis showed that social norms overall predicted 36.4% (Adjusted R2) of the variance in intentions. Perceived prevalence of smoking in same age peers and adults, having more close friends who smoke and perceived social approval of smoking predicted intentions to smoke in one year. Moderated regression analysis showed that the effects of social norms on smoking intentions were significantly moderated by smoking status. Conclusions Social norms predict smoking intentions, but this effect is stronger among ever (than never) smoker adolescents. Adolescents with smoking experiences may selectively attend to pro-smoking social cues and this perpetuates into their motivation to keep up the habit. School-based interventions should target normative beliefs and related cognitive processes, especially among adolescents who have already initiated tobacco use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lambros Lazuras
- Psychology Department, International Faculty of the University of Sheffield, CITY College, Thessaloniki, Greece.
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Bonell CP, Fletcher A, Jamal F, Wells H, Harden A, Murphy S, Thomas J. Theories of how the school environment impacts on student health: systematic review and synthesis. Health Place 2013; 24:242-9. [PMID: 24177419 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2013.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Revised: 09/25/2013] [Accepted: 09/26/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Public-health interventions informed by theory can be more effective but complex interventions often use insufficiently complex theories. We systematically reviewed theories of how school environments influence health. We included 37 reports drawing on 24 theories. Narrative synthesis summarised and categorised theories. We then produced an integrated theory of school environment influences on student health. This integrated theory could inform complex interventions such as health promoting schools programmes. Using systematic reviews to develop theories of change might be useful for other types of 'complex' public-health interventions addressing risks at the individual and community levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- C P Bonell
- Department of Childhood, Families and Health, Institute of Education, University of London, 20 Bedford Way, London WC1H 0AL, UK.
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Bonell C, Jamal F, Harden A, Wells H, Parry W, Fletcher A, Petticrew M, Thomas J, Whitehead M, Campbell R, Murphy S, Moore L. Systematic review of the effects of schools and school environment interventions on health: evidence mapping and synthesis. PUBLIC HEALTH RESEARCH 2013. [DOI: 10.3310/phr01010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundIn contrast to curriculum-based health education interventions in schools, the school environment approach promotes health by modifying schools' physical/social environment. This systematic review reports on the health effects of the school environment and processes by which these might occur. It includes theories, intervention outcome and process evaluations, quantitative studies and qualitative studies.Research questionsResearch question (RQ)1: What theories are used to inform school environment interventions or explain school-level health influences? What testable hypotheses are suggested? RQ2: What are the effects on student health/inequalities of school environment interventions addressing organisation/management; teaching/pastoral care/discipline; and the physical environment? What are the costs? RQ3: How feasible/acceptable and context dependent are such interventions? RQ4: What are the effects on student health/inequalities of school-level measures of organisation/management; teaching/pastoral care/discipline; and the physical environment? RQ5: Through what processes might such influences occur?Data sourcesA total of 16 databases were searched between 30 July 2010 and 23 September 2010 to identify relevant studies, including the British Educational Index, the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, the Health Management Information Consortium, EMBASE, MEDLINE and PsycINFO. In addition, references of included studies were checked and authors contacted.Review methodsIn stage 1, we mapped references concerning how the school environment affects health and consulted stakeholders to identify stage 2 priorities. In stage 2, we undertook five reviews corresponding to our RQs.ResultsStage 1: A total of 82,775 references were retrieved and 1144 were descriptively mapped. Stage 2: A total of 24 theories were identified (RQ1). The human functioning and school organisation, social capital and social development theories were judged most useful. Ten outcome evaluations were included (RQ2). Four US randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and one UK quasi-experimental study examined interventions building school community/relationships. Studies reported benefits for some, but not all outcomes (e.g. aggression, conflict resolution, emotional health). Two US RCTs assessed interventions empowering students to contribute to modifying food/physical activity environments, reporting benefits for physical activity but not for diet. Three UK quasi-experimental evaluations examined playground improvements, reporting mixed findings, with benefits being greater for younger children and longer break times. Six process evaluations (RQ3) reported positively. One study suggested that implementation was facilitated when this built on existing ethos and when senior staff were supportive. We reviewed 42 multilevel studies, confining narrative synthesis to 10 that appropriately adjusted for confounders. Four UK/US reports suggested that schools with higher value-added attainment/attendance had lower rates of substance use and fighting. Three reports from different countries examined school policies on smoking/alcohol, with mixed results. One US study found that schools with more unobservable/unsupervised places reported increased substance use. Another US study reported that school size, age structure and staffing ratio did not correlate with student drinking. Twenty-one qualitative reports from different countries (RQ5) suggested that disengagement, lack of safety and lack of participation in decisions may predispose students to engage in health risks.LimitationsWe found no evidence regarding health inequalities or cost, and could not undertake meta-analysis.ConclusionsThere is non-definitive evidence for the feasibility and effectiveness of school environment interventions involving community/relationship building, empowering student participation in modifying schools' food/physical activity environments, and playground improvements. Multilevel studies suggest that schools that add value educationally may promote student health. Qualitative studies suggest pathways underlying these effects. This evidence lends broad support to theories of social development, social capital and human functioning and school organisation. Further trials to examine the effects of school environment modifications on student health are recommended.FundingThe National Institute for Health Research Public Health Research programme.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Bonell
- Centre for Evidence Based Intervention, Department of Social Policy and Intervention, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - F Jamal
- Institute for Health and Human Development, University of East London, London, UK
| | - A Harden
- Institute for Health and Human Development, University of East London, London, UK
| | - H Wells
- Department of Social and Environmental Health Research, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - W Parry
- Department of Quantitative Social Science, Institute of Education, University of London, London, UK
| | - A Fletcher
- DECIPHer, School of Social Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - M Petticrew
- Department of Social and Environmental Health Research, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - J Thomas
- Department of Childhood, Families and Health, Institute of Education, University of London, London, UK
| | - M Whitehead
- Institute of Psychology, Health and Society, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - R Campbell
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - S Murphy
- DECIPHer, School of Social Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - L Moore
- DECIPHer, School of Social Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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Bonell C, Parry W, Wells H, Jamal F, Fletcher A, Harden A, Thomas J, Campbell R, Petticrew M, Murphy S, Whitehead M, Moore L. The effects of the school environment on student health: a systematic review of multi-level studies. Health Place 2012; 21:180-91. [PMID: 23501377 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2012.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2012] [Revised: 12/07/2012] [Accepted: 12/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Health outcomes vary between schools and it is theorised that this may be partly attributable to variation in the school environment. Existing systematic reviews have not drawn authoritative conclusions because of methodological limitations in the review or studies available. We identified 42 multi-level studies, ten of which were judged of sufficient quality to narratively synthesize. There was consistent evidence that schools with higher attainment and attendance than would be expected from student intake had lower rates of substance use. Findings on the influence of smoking/alcohol policies were mixed. Three studies examined the health effects variously associated with school campus area and observability, year structure, school size and pupil-to-teacher ratio with mixed findings. The studies reviewed support the potential influence of the school environment on student health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Bonell
- Department of Social Policy and Intervention, University of Oxford, 32 Wellington Square, Oxford OX1 2ER, United Kingdom.
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WIIUM NORA, WOLD BENTE. Actions taken by schools when tobacco policies are violated: Associations with adolescent smoking prevalence. Scand J Psychol 2011; 52:494-501. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-9450.2011.00897.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Rohany N, Zainah Ahm Z, Rozainee K, Shahrazad WW. Family Functioning, Self-Esteem, Self-Concept and Cognitive Distortion Among Juvenile Delinquents. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.3923/sscience.2011.155.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Brief report: multilevel analysis of school smoking policy and pupil smoking behaviour in Wales. J Adolesc 2010; 34:385-9. [PMID: 20307905 DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2010.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2008] [Revised: 12/03/2009] [Accepted: 02/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A multilevel analysis of cross-sectional data from a survey involving 1941 pupils (in grades 10 and 11) and policy indicators developed from interviews with staff from 45 secondary schools in Wales examined the hypotheses that pupil smoking prevalence would be associated with: restrictive staff and pupil smoking policies; dissemination of school smoking policies; and implementation of smoking policies in the context of a health promoting whole school environment. The only statistically significant association found was that pupils attending schools that did not disseminate pupil smoking policy in a written document had a greater tendency (OR = 2.16, 95% CI 1.13-4.10) to smoke daily on school premises than those who attended schools that disseminated policy through a written document. This association was not significant (p < 0.05) when pupil level covariates were included. Further research is required to identify the effectiveness and optimal content, enforcement and support of school smoking policies.
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Wiium N, Aarø LE, Hetland J. Psychological Reactance and Adolescents' Attitudes Toward Tobacco-Control Measures. JOURNAL OF APPLIED SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1559-1816.2009.00501.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Nilsson M, Stenlund H, Weinehall L, Bergström E, Janlert U. "I would do anything for my child, even quit tobacco": bonus effects from an intervention that targets adolescent tobacco use. Scand J Psychol 2009; 50:341-5. [PMID: 19364395 DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-9450.2009.00716.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This paper aims to assess program bonus effects on adult tobacco use from a long-term intervention that targeted adolescent tobacco use. The school-based community intervention started in Västerbotten County in Sweden in 1993 and adults were invited to support adolescents to stay tobacco-free. It was combined with repeated cross-sectional surveys in schools annually 1994-99 among grades 7-9 and after 1999 every second year. Participating schools were randomly selected before the first survey representing both rural and urban settings. Out of 4,055 students, 1,008 (24.8%) reported that their supporting adult had been a tobacco user who quit tobacco in order to be allowed to participate. Out of these, 13.2% used tobacco daily before joining. The remaining 2,997 students' adult partners were not tobacco users. Engaging tobacco using adults as partners in interventions targeting adolescent tobacco use seem to have a considerable tobacco-reducing bonus effect in the adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Nilsson
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Epidemiology and Public Health Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
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School-based tobacco control efforts and the smoking behaviour of high school students in Prince Edward Island, Canada: examining differences. Prim Health Care Res Dev 2009. [DOI: 10.1017/s1463423609001108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Wiium N, Wold B. An ecological system approach to adolescent smoking behavior. J Youth Adolesc 2008; 38:1351-63. [PMID: 19779811 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-008-9349-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2008] [Accepted: 09/17/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to simultaneously examine the effect of factors related to school, leisure, family and the individual on adolescent smoking. These determining factors occupy the micro- and mesosystems of Bronfenbrenner's Ecological Theory. Data were collected using questionnaires from a nationally representative sample of 15-year-olds (1404 pupils) and 73 staff members from 73 schools in Norway. Males formed 51% of the sample size. Consistent with previous studies, the various factors were linked to adolescent smoking when examined separately. However, in an ecological setting, factors related to the individual and leisure (i.e., attitudes towards smoking, perceived behavioural control and evenings with friends) emerged as the strongest predictors. School and family factors were completely mediated by individual and leisure factors, although when examined alone, they explained quite a substantial amount of the variance and a considerable amount of school difference in adolescent smoking. The implications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Wiium
- Research Centre for Health Promotion, Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen, Christiesgate 13, 5020 Bergen, Norway.
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