Formaldehyde-Free Chemical and Enzymatic Crosslinking of Plant Proteins

One-Step Quaternization/Hydroxypropylsulfonation to Improve Paste Stability, Adhesion, and Film Properties of Oxidized Starch

To investigate the influences of quaternization/hydroxypropylsulfonation on viscosity stability, adhesion to fibers and film properties of oxidized tapioca starch (OTS) for ameliorating its end-use ability in applications such as warp-sizing and paper-making, a series of quaternized and hydroxypropylsulfonated OTS (QHOTS) samples were synthesized by simultaneous quaternization and hydroxypropylsulfonation of OTS with N-(3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl) trimethylammonium chloride (CHPTAC) and 3-chloro-2-hydroxy-1-propanesulfonic acid sodium salt (CHPS-Na). The QHOTS granules were characterized by Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopic and scanning electron microscope techniques. Apparent viscosity and viscosity stability were determined, and adhesion was evaluated by measuring the bonding force of starch to the fibers. Film properties were also estimated in terms of tensile strength, breaking elongation, bending endurance, degree of crystallinity, and moisture regain. It was showed that quaternization/hydroxypropylsulfonation was capable of obviously improving viscosity stability of gelatinized OTS paste, enhancing bonding forces of OTS to cotton and polylactic acid (PLA) fibers, increasing breaking elongation, bending endurance and moisture regain of film and decreasing its tensile strength and degree of crystallinity, thereby obviously stabilizing paste viscosity, improving adhesion to fibers and lessening film brittleness. Increasing the level of quaternization/hydroxypropylsulfonation favored improvement in the stability, enhancement in adhesion and decrease in brittleness. The QHOTS showed potential in the applications of cotton and PLA sizing.