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Ahmed U, Lin JCW, Srivastava G. Graph Attention-Based Curriculum Learning for Mental Healthcare Classification. IEEE J Biomed Health Inform 2024; 28:2581-2591. [PMID: 37155396 DOI: 10.1109/jbhi.2023.3274486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Current research has examined the use of user-generated data from online media to identify and diagnose depression as a serious mental health issue that can significantly impact an individual's daily life. To this end, many studies examined words in personal statements to identify depression. In addition to aiding in the diagnosis and treatment of depression, this study uses and utilizes a Graph Attention Network (GAT) model for the classification of depression from online media. The model is based on masked self-attention layers, that assigns different weight to each node in a neighborhood without costly matrix operations. In addition, an emotion lexicon was extended using hypernyms to improve the model performance. Furthermore, embedding of the model was used to illustrate the contribution of the activated words to each symptom and to obtain qualitative agreement from psychiatrists. This technique uses previously learned embedding to illustrate the contribution of activated words to depressive symptoms in online forums. A significant improvement was observed in the model's performance through the use of the lexicon extension method, resulting in an increase in the ROC performance. The performance was also enhanced by an increase in vocabulary and the adoption of a graph-based curriculum. The lexicon expansion method involves the generation of additional words with similar semantic attributes, utilizing similarity metrics to reinforce lexical features. The graph-based curriculum learning also utilized to handle more challenging training samples, allowing the model to develop increasing expertise in learning complex correlations between input data and output labels.
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Östh J, Toger M, Türk U, Kourtit K, Nijkamp P. Leisure mobility changes during the COVID-19 pandemic - An analysis of survey and mobile phone data in Sweden. RESEARCH IN TRANSPORTATION BUSINESS & MANAGEMENT 2023; 48:100952. [PMID: 38013673 PMCID: PMC9884620 DOI: 10.1016/j.rtbm.2023.100952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic affected travelling in general, and the leisure mobility and the spatial distribution of travellers in particular. In most parts of the world, both domestic and international travel has been replaced by restrictive policies and recommendations on mobility. A modal shift from public transport towards private cars and micro-mobility was also observed. This study seeks to trace the implications of the COVID-19 pandemic for leisure mobility. We use a unique Swedish database containing daily mobility patterns of pseudonymised mobile phone users, combined with a survey on vacation transport behaviour. By contrasting mobility patterns for selected holiday days during the unaffected summer of 2019 with corresponding dates in 2020 and 2021, we are able to model and detect the pandemic effects on tourism and recreational mobility. Moreover, by identifying the general mobility patterns, we analyse whether and how the transport mode has changed. Using data on the spatial distribution of recreational amenities, we identify locations that were favoured during the pandemic. In Sweden, even though the pandemic decreased in spread and severity during the summers, most travel restrictions were still enforced, international vacations uncommon, and larger vacation spots, such as amusement parks and cultural institutions, were closed down. Swedish vacation homes in remote or rural areas were quickly booked. This change in recreational behaviour, where less populated areas, open air and nature recreation were favoured over indoor or crowded urban cultural activities, was more substantial in 2021 than in 2020. This result shows how policies can effectively be developed, so that Swedes respond properly to recommendations and adjust their vacation plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Östh
- Department of Civil Engineering and Energy Technology, OsloMet, Pilestredet 32, 0166 Oslo, Norway
| | - Marina Toger
- Department of Social and Economic Geography, Uppsala University, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Umut Türk
- Department of Economics, Abdullah Gül University, Kayseri 38170, Turkey
| | - Karima Kourtit
- Department of Social and Economic Geography, Uppsala University, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
- The Faculty of Management, Open University, 6419 Heerlen, the Netherlands
- Centre for European Studies, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, 700506, Iasi, Romania
| | - Peter Nijkamp
- The Faculty of Management, Open University, 6419 Heerlen, the Netherlands
- Centre for European Studies, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, 700506, Iasi, Romania
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Zheng W, Deng X, Peng C, Yan X, Zheng N, Chen Z, Yang J, Ajelli M, Zhang J, Yu H. Risk Factors Associated with the Spatiotemporal Spread of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.2 Variant — Shanghai Municipality, China, 2022. China CDC Wkly 2023; 5:97-102. [PMID: 37006708 PMCID: PMC10061774 DOI: 10.46234/ccdcw2023.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
What is already known about this topic? Previous studies have explored the spatial transmission patterns of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and have assessed the associated risk factors. However, none of these studies have quantitatively described the spatiotemporal transmission patterns and risk factors for Omicron BA.2 at the micro (within-city) scale. What is added by this report? This study highlights the heterogeneous spread of the 2022 Omicron BA.2 epidemic in Shanghai, and identifies associations between different metrics of spatial spread at the subdistrict level and demographic and socioeconomic characteristics of the population, human mobility patterns, and adopted interventions. What are the implications for public health practice? Disentangling different risk factors might contribute to a deeper understanding of the transmission dynamics and ecology of coronavirus disease 2019 and an effective design of monitoring and management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zheng
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Municipality, China
| | - Xiaowei Deng
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Municipality, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Municipality, China
| | - Xuemei Yan
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Municipality, China
| | - Nan Zheng
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Municipality, China
| | - Zhiyuan Chen
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Municipality, China
| | - Juan Yang
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Municipality, China
| | - Marco Ajelli
- Laboratory for Computational Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Indiana University School of Public Health, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Juanjuan Zhang
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Municipality, China
- Juanjuan Zhang,
| | - Hongjie Yu
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Municipality, China
- Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Fudan University, Shanghai Municipality, China
- Hongjie Yu,
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