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Baek Y, Bae B, Yang J, Cho W, Sim I, Yoo G, Chung S, Heo J, Lee K. Network of artificial olfactory receptors for spatiotemporal monitoring of toxic gas. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadr2659. [PMID: 39423277 PMCID: PMC11488541 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adr2659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 09/13/2024] [Indexed: 10/21/2024]
Abstract
Excessive human exposure to toxic gases can lead to chronic lung and cardiovascular diseases. Thus, precise in situ monitoring of toxic gases in the atmosphere is crucial. Here, we present an artificial olfactory system for spatiotemporal recognition of NO2 gas flow by integrating a network of chemical receptors with a near-sensor computing. The artificial olfactory receptor features nano-islands of metal-based catalysts that cover the graphene surface on the heterostructure of an AlGaN/GaN two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) channel. Catalytically dissociated NO2 molecules bind to graphene, thereby modulating the conductivity of the 2DEG channel. For the energy/resource-efficient gas flow monitoring, trust-region Bayesian optimization algorithm allocates many sensors optimally in a complex space. Integrated artificial neural networks on a compact microprocessor with a network of sensors provide in situ gas flow predictions. This system enhances protective measures against toxic environments through spatiotemporal monitoring of toxic gases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongmin Baek
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
| | - Byungjoon Bae
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
| | - Jeongyong Yang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
| | - Wonjun Cho
- Department of Intelligence Semiconductor Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, South Korea
| | - Inbo Sim
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
| | - Geonwook Yoo
- School of Electronic Engineering, Soongsil University, Seoul 06938, South Korea
| | - Seokhyun Chung
- Department of Systems and Information Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
| | - Junseok Heo
- Department of Intelligence Semiconductor Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, South Korea
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, South Korea
| | - Kyusang Lee
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
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Xu S, Xia F, Li Z, Xu M, Hu B, Feng H, Wang X. Wafer-level heterogeneous integration of electrochemical devices and semiconductors for a monolithic chip. Natl Sci Rev 2024; 11:nwae049. [PMID: 39301075 PMCID: PMC11409884 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwae049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Micro-scale electrochemical devices, despite their wide applications and unique potential to achieve 'More than Moore's law', face significant limitations in constructing functional chips due to their inability to integrate with semiconductors. In this study, we propose an electrochemical gating effect and material work function matching criteria, and thus establish the first heterogeneous integration theory for electrochemical devices and semiconductors. Accordingly, we create a novel 3D integration architecture and CMOS-compatible fabrication methodology, including optimizing individual devices, electron/ionic isolation, interconnection, and encapsulation. As a demonstration, we integrate electrochemical micro supercapacitors with a P-N junction diode rectifier bridge circuit and successfully obtain the first monolithic rectifier-filter chip, which shows a revolutionary volume reduction of 98% compared to non-integrateable commercial products. The chip can provide a stable output with a tiny ripple factor of 0.23% in typical conditions, surpassing the requirements of most applications by more than one order of magnitude. More importantly, all the processes are suitable for mass production in standard foundries, allowing ubiquitous applications of electrochemistry in integrated electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sixing Xu
- School of Integrated Circuits, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- College of Semiconductors (College of Integrated Circuits), Hunan University, Changsha 430001, China
| | - Fan Xia
- School of Integrated Circuits, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Zhangshanhao Li
- School of Integrated Circuits, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Minghao Xu
- School of Integrated Circuits, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Bingmeng Hu
- School of Integrated Circuits, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Haizhao Feng
- School of Integrated Circuits, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- School of Integrated Circuits, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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Prado CA, Antunes FAF, Rocha TM, Sánchez-Muñoz S, Barbosa FG, Terán-Hilares R, Cruz-Santos MM, Arruda GL, da Silva SS, Santos JC. A review on recent developments in hydrodynamic cavitation and advanced oxidative processes for pretreatment of lignocellulosic materials. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 345:126458. [PMID: 34863850 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Environmental problems due to utilization of fossil-derived materials for energy and chemical generation has prompted the use of renewable alternative sources, such as lignocellulose biomass (LB). Indeed, the production of biomolecules and biofuels from LB is among the most important current research topics aiming to development a sustainable bioeconomy. Yet, the industrial use of LB is limited by the recalcitrance of biomass, which impairs the hydrolysis of the carbohydrate fractions. Hydrodynamic cavitation (HC) and Advanced Oxidative Processes (AOPs) has been proposed as innovative pretreatment strategies aiming to reduce process time and chemical inputs. Therefore, the underlying mechanisms, procedural strategies, influence on biomass structure, and research gaps were critically discussed in this review. The performed discussion can contribute to future developments, giving a wide overview of the main involved aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Prado
- Department of Biotechnology, Engineering School of Lorena, University of São Paulo, postal code 12602-810 Lorena, Brazil
| | - F A F Antunes
- Department of Biotechnology, Engineering School of Lorena, University of São Paulo, postal code 12602-810 Lorena, Brazil
| | - T M Rocha
- Department of Biotechnology, Engineering School of Lorena, University of São Paulo, postal code 12602-810 Lorena, Brazil
| | - S Sánchez-Muñoz
- Department of Biotechnology, Engineering School of Lorena, University of São Paulo, postal code 12602-810 Lorena, Brazil
| | - F G Barbosa
- Department of Biotechnology, Engineering School of Lorena, University of São Paulo, postal code 12602-810 Lorena, Brazil
| | - R Terán-Hilares
- Laboratorio de Materiales, Universidad Católica de Santa María - UCSM, Urb. San José, San Jose S/n, Yanahuara, Arequipa, Perú
| | - M M Cruz-Santos
- Department of Biotechnology, Engineering School of Lorena, University of São Paulo, postal code 12602-810 Lorena, Brazil
| | - G L Arruda
- Department of Biotechnology, Engineering School of Lorena, University of São Paulo, postal code 12602-810 Lorena, Brazil
| | - S S da Silva
- Department of Biotechnology, Engineering School of Lorena, University of São Paulo, postal code 12602-810 Lorena, Brazil
| | - J C Santos
- Department of Biotechnology, Engineering School of Lorena, University of São Paulo, postal code 12602-810 Lorena, Brazil.
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Marland JR, Gray ME, Dunare C, Blair EO, Tsiamis A, Sullivan P, González-Fernández E, Greenhalgh SN, Gregson R, Clutton RE, Parys MM, Dyson A, Singer M, Kunkler IH, Potter MA, Mitra S, Terry JG, Smith S, Mount AR, Underwood I, Walton AJ, Argyle DJ, Murray AF. Real-time measurement of tumour hypoxia using an implantable microfabricated oxygen sensor. SENSING AND BIO-SENSING RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sbsr.2020.100375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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CMOS Interfaces for Internet-of-Wearables Electrochemical Sensors: Trends and Challenges. ELECTRONICS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/electronics8020150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Smart wearables, among immediate future IoT devices, are creating a huge and fast growing market that will encompass all of the next decade by merging the user with the Cloud in a easy and natural way. Biological fluids, such as sweat, tears, saliva and urine offer the possibility to access molecular-level dynamics of the body in a non-invasive way and in real time, disclosing a wide range of applications: from sports tracking to military enhancement, from healthcare to safety at work, from body hacking to augmented social interactions. The term Internet of Wearables (IoW) is coined here to describe IoT devices composed by flexible smart transducers conformed around the human body and able to communicate wirelessly. In addition the biochemical transducer, an IoW-ready sensor must include a paired electronic interface, which should implement specific stimulation/acquisition cycles while being extremely compact and drain power in the microwatts range. Development of an effective readout interface is a key element for the success of an IoW device and application. This review focuses on the latest efforts in the field of Complementary Metal–Oxide–Semiconductor (CMOS) interfaces for electrochemical sensors, and analyses them under the light of the challenges of the IoW: cost, portability, integrability and connectivity.
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