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Cui X, Jiao J, Yang L, Wang Y, Jiang W, Yu T, Li M, Zhang H, Chao B, Wang Z, Wu M. Advanced tumor organoid bioprinting strategy for oncology research. Mater Today Bio 2024; 28:101198. [PMID: 39205873 PMCID: PMC11357813 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2024.101198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 07/14/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Bioprinting is a groundbreaking technology that enables precise distribution of cell-containing bioinks to construct organoid models that accurately reflect the characteristics of tumors in vivo. By incorporating different types of tumor cells into the bioink, the heterogeneity of tumors can be replicated, enabling studies to simulate real-life situations closely. Precise reproduction of the arrangement and interactions of tumor cells using bioprinting methods provides a more realistic representation of the tumor microenvironment. By mimicking the complexity of the tumor microenvironment, the growth patterns and diffusion of tumors can be demonstrated. This approach can also be used to evaluate the response of tumors to drugs, including drug permeability and cytotoxicity, and other characteristics. Therefore, organoid models can provide a more accurate oncology research and treatment simulation platform. This review summarizes the latest advancements in bioprinting to construct tumor organoid models. First, we describe the bioink used for tumor organoid model construction, followed by an introduction to various bioprinting methods for tumor model formation. Subsequently, we provide an overview of existing bioprinted tumor organoid models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangran Cui
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University Changchun, 130041, PR China
| | - Jianhang Jiao
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University Changchun, 130041, PR China
| | - Lili Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University Changchun, 130041, PR China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University Changchun, 130041, PR China
| | - Weibo Jiang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University Changchun, 130041, PR China
| | - Tong Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University Changchun, 130041, PR China
| | - Mufeng Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University Changchun, 130041, PR China
| | - Han Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University Changchun, 130041, PR China
| | - Bo Chao
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University Changchun, 130041, PR China
| | - Zhonghan Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University Changchun, 130041, PR China
- Orthopaedic Research Institute of Jilin Province, Changchun, 130041, PR China
| | - Minfei Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University Changchun, 130041, PR China
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Raju R R, AlSawaftah NM, Husseini GA. Modeling of brain tumors using in vitro, in vivo, and microfluidic models: A review of the current developments. Heliyon 2024; 10:e31402. [PMID: 38807869 PMCID: PMC11130649 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Brain cancers are some of the most complex diseases to treat, despite the numerous advances science has made in cancer chemotherapy and research. One of the key obstacles to identifying potential cures for this disease is the difficulty in emulating the complexity of the brain and the surrounding microenvironment to understand potential therapeutic approaches. This paper discusses some of the most important in vitro, in vivo, and microfluidic brain tumor models that aim to address these challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richu Raju R
- Biosciences and Bioengineering PhD Program at the American University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nour M. AlSawaftah
- Material Science and Engineering Program at the American University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ghaleb A. Husseini
- Biosciences and Bioengineering PhD Program at the American University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Material Science and Engineering Program at the American University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
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3
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Pasupuleti V, Vora L, Prasad R, Nandakumar DN, Khatri DK. Glioblastoma preclinical models: Strengths and weaknesses. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2024; 1879:189059. [PMID: 38109948 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.189059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme is a highly malignant brain tumor with significant intra- and intertumoral heterogeneity known for its aggressive nature and poor prognosis. The complex signaling cascade that regulates this heterogeneity makes targeted drug therapy ineffective. The development of an optimal preclinical model is crucial for the comprehension of molecular heterogeneity and enhancing therapeutic efficacy. The ideal model should establish a relationship between various oncogenes and their corresponding responses. This review presents an analysis of preclinical in vivo and in vitro models that have contributed to the advancement of knowledge in model development. The experimental designs utilized in vivo models consisting of both immunodeficient and immunocompetent mice induced with intracranial glioma. The transgenic model was generated using various techniques, like the viral vector delivery system, transposon system, Cre-LoxP model, and CRISPR-Cas9 approaches. The utilization of the patient-derived xenograft model in glioma research is valuable because it closely replicates the human glioma microenvironment, providing evidence of tumor heterogeneity. The utilization of in vitro techniques in the initial stages of research facilitated the comprehension of molecular interactions. However, these techniques are inadequate in reproducing the interactions between cells and extracellular matrix (ECM). As a result, bioengineered 3D-in vitro models, including spheroids, scaffolds, and brain organoids, were developed to cultivate glioma cells in a three-dimensional environment. These models have enabled researchers to understand the influence of ECM on the invasive nature of tumors. Collectively, these preclinical models effectively depict the molecular pathways and facilitate the evaluation of multiple molecules while tailoring drug therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasavi Pasupuleti
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Lalitkumar Vora
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, BT9 7BL, UK.
| | - Renuka Prasad
- Department of Anatomy, Korea University College of Medicine, Moonsuk Medical Research Building, 516, 5th floor, 73 Inchon-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 12841, Republic of Korea
| | - D N Nandakumar
- Department of Neurochemistry National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore 560029, India
| | - Dharmendra Kumar Khatri
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
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Mendieta M, Avci NG, Pandurangi R, Akay YM, Akay M. Targeted Sensitization of Glioblastoma Multiforme Using AAAPT Technology. IEEE OPEN JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 4:251-258. [PMID: 38196976 PMCID: PMC10776093 DOI: 10.1109/ojemb.2023.3336181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) is the most malignant type of all brain tumors. Current GBM treatment options include surgery, followed by radiation and chemotherapy. However, GBM can become resistant to therapy, resulting in tumor recurrence. GBM cells develop resistance to treatments by either downregulating cell death pathways (CD95) or upregulating cell survival pathways (NF-κB (p65)). Healthy tissues can be affected by the increased therapeutic dose. Therefore, it is important to develop a method that can only target GBM tumor cells, thereby reducing the non-specific uptake which will reduce the side effects. Here we demonstrate an application of novel priori activation of apoptosis pathways of tumor technology (AAAPT), which has been used to demonstrate the effect of targeted tumor sensitizers to make chemotherapy work at lower doses in breast, lung and prostate cancers. Treatment of GBM spheroids with AAAPT in 3D PEGDA microwells, showed an increase in cell death, an upregulation of cell death pathways, and a downregulation of cell survival pathways, in comparison to Temozolomide (TMZ), an oral alkylating agent, which is a commonly used chemotherapy in the treatment of GBM. The dose of AAAPT sensitizers may provide a promising method to increase treatment efficacy and reduce off-target toxicity, as an alternative to existing methods which cause significant off-target damage.
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Manikandan C, Jaiswal AK. Scaffold-based spheroid models of glioblastoma multiforme and its use in drug screening. Biotechnol Bioeng 2023. [PMID: 37366303 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Among several types of brain cancers, glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a terminal and aggressive disease with a median survival of 15 months despite the most intensive surgery and chemotherapy. Preclinical models that accurately reproduce the tumor microenvironment are vital for developing new therapeutic alternatives. Understanding the complicated interactions between cells and their surroundings is essential to comprehend the tumor's microenvironment, however the monolayer cell culture approach falls short. Numerous approaches are used to develop GBM cells into tumor spheroids, while scaffold-based spheroids provides the opportunity to investigate the synergies between cells as well as cells and the matrix. This review summarizes the development of various scaffold-based GBM spheroid models and the prospective for their use as drug testing systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ceera Manikandan
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
- Centre for Biomaterials, Cellular and Molecular Theranostics, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
| | - Amit Kumar Jaiswal
- Centre for Biomaterials, Cellular and Molecular Theranostics, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
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Zommiti M, Connil N, Tahrioui A, Groboillot A, Barbey C, Konto-Ghiorghi Y, Lesouhaitier O, Chevalier S, Feuilloley MGJ. Organs-on-Chips Platforms Are Everywhere: A Zoom on Biomedical Investigation. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:646. [PMID: 36354557 PMCID: PMC9687856 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9110646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 08/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the decades, conventional in vitro culture systems and animal models have been used to study physiology, nutrient or drug metabolisms including mechanical and physiopathological aspects. However, there is an urgent need for Integrated Testing Strategies (ITS) and more sophisticated platforms and devices to approach the real complexity of human physiology and provide reliable extrapolations for clinical investigations and personalized medicine. Organ-on-a-chip (OOC), also known as a microphysiological system, is a state-of-the-art microfluidic cell culture technology that sums up cells or tissue-to-tissue interfaces, fluid flows, mechanical cues, and organ-level physiology, and it has been developed to fill the gap between in vitro experimental models and human pathophysiology. The wide range of OOC platforms involves the miniaturization of cell culture systems and enables a variety of novel experimental techniques. These range from modeling the independent effects of biophysical forces on cells to screening novel drugs in multi-organ microphysiological systems, all within microscale devices. As in living biosystems, the development of vascular structure is the salient feature common to almost all organ-on-a-chip platforms. Herein, we provide a snapshot of this fast-evolving sophisticated technology. We will review cutting-edge developments and advances in the OOC realm, discussing current applications in the biomedical field with a detailed description of how this technology has enabled the reconstruction of complex multi-scale and multifunctional matrices and platforms (at the cellular and tissular levels) leading to an acute understanding of the physiopathological features of human ailments and infections in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Zommiti
- Research Unit Bacterial Communication and Anti-infectious Strategies (CBSA, UR4312), University of Rouen Normandie, 27000 Evreux, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Marc G. J. Feuilloley
- Research Unit Bacterial Communication and Anti-infectious Strategies (CBSA, UR4312), University of Rouen Normandie, 27000 Evreux, France
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Dinh CT, Vu HT, Phan QTH, Nguyen LP, Tran TQ, Van Tran D, Quy NN, Pham DTN, Nguyen DT. Synthesis of glycyrrhetinic acid-modified liposomes to deliver Murrayafoline A for treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2022; 33:72. [PMID: 36195780 PMCID: PMC9532286 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-022-06692-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma is a common type of cancer associated with a high mortality rate. Among several bioactive compounds, Murrayafoline A (MuA) has been proved as a bio substance that exhibits great potentials in treating liver cancer. In order to overcome the high cytotoxicity and low solubility of MuA, a delivery system based on nanocarriers is necessary to deliver MuA towards the desired target. In the present study, 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid (GA), which is known as a ligand for liver targeting, was used to construct the cholesterol-poly (ethylene glycol)-glycyrrhetinic acid (GA-PEG-Chol) conjugate and liposome for MuA administration. The compound was then examined for therapeutic efficacy and safety in HUVEC and HepG2 cells in 2D and 3D cell cultures. Results have shown that MuA-loaded liposomes had IC50 value of 2 µM in HepG2 and had the cytosolic absorption of 8.83 ± 0.97 ng/105 cells, while The IC50 value of MuA-loaded liposomes in HUVEC cell lines was 15 µM and the the cytosolic absorption was recorded as 3.62 ± 0.61 cells. The drug test on the 3D cancer sphere platform of the HepG2 cancer sphere showed that MuA-loaded GA liposomes had the highest efficacy at a concentration of 100 µg/mL. In short, these results suggest that MuA-loaded GA liposomes have the potential for maintenance drug delivery and liver targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuc Thi Dinh
- Institute of Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18 Hoang Quoc Viet St., Cau Giay Dist., Hanoi, 10000, Vietnam
| | - Ha Thi Vu
- Institute of Natural Products Chemistry, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet st., Cau Giay dist., Hanoi, 10000, Vietnam
| | - Quynh Thi Huong Phan
- Institute of Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18 Hoang Quoc Viet St., Cau Giay Dist., Hanoi, 10000, Vietnam
| | - Linh Phuong Nguyen
- Hanoi Medical University, 1 Ton That Tung St., Dong Da Dist., Hanoi, 10000, Vietnam
| | - Toan Quoc Tran
- Institute of Natural Products Chemistry, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet st., Cau Giay dist., Hanoi, 10000, Vietnam
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet st., Cau Giay dist., Hanoi, 10000, Vietnam
| | - Dung Van Tran
- VIET ANH VENTURE INVESTMENT J.S. COMPANY USA SANFORDPHARMA FACTORY, Hanoi, 10000, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Ngoc Quy
- Institute of Applied Technology and Sustainable Development, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam
| | - Dung Thuy Nguyen Pham
- Institute of Applied Technology and Sustainable Development, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam.
| | - Duong Thanh Nguyen
- Institute of Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18 Hoang Quoc Viet St., Cau Giay Dist., Hanoi, 10000, Vietnam.
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet st., Cau Giay dist., Hanoi, 10000, Vietnam.
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Pham DT, Nguyen LP, Pham QTH, Pham CK, Pham DTN, Viet NT, Nguyen HVT, Tran TQ, Nguyen DT. A low-cost, flexible extruder for liposomes synthesis and application for Murrayafoline A delivery for cancer treatment. J Biomater Appl 2022; 37:872-880. [PMID: 35786069 DOI: 10.1177/08853282221112491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Liposomal encapsulation is a drug delivery strategy with many advantages, such as improved bioavailability, ability to carry large drug loads, as well as controllability and specificity towards various targeted diseased tissues. Currently, most preparation techniques require an additional extrusion or filtering step to obtain monodisperse liposomes with the size of less than 100 nm. In this study, a compact liposome extruder was designed at a cost of $4.00 and used to synthesize liposome suspensions with defined particle size and high homogeneity for Murrayafoline A (Mu-A) loading and release. The synthesized MuA-loaded liposomes displayed a biphasic drug release and remained stable under the storage condition of 4°C. They also significantly reduced the viability of HepG2 cells in the cancer spheroids by 25%. The low-cost, flexible liposome extruder would allow the researchers to study liposomes and their applications in a cost-effective manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan The Pham
- 61797Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | | | | | - Chi Khanh Pham
- 61797Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Dung Thuy Nguyen Pham
- Institute of Applied Technology and Sustainable Development, 384731Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Nguyen Thanh Viet
- Institute of Applied Technology and Sustainable Development, 384731Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | | | - Toan Quoc Tran
- 61797Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Viet Nam
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Pham DT, Tran TQ, Van Chinh L, Nguyen LP, An TNT, Anh NHT, Nguyen DT. Anti-tumor effect of liposomes containing extracted Murrayafoline A against liver cancer cells in 2D and 3D cultured models. OPEN CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/chem-2022-0122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Murrayafoline A (MuA) is a natural compound with diverse biological activities, including cytotoxicity against cancer cells, but suffers from poor water solubility and low specificity. In order to improve the potential of MuA as a candidate for cancer treatment, MuA-loaded liposomes were prepared with the liposomal membrane consisting of dioleoylphosphatidylcholine and cholesterol. Dynamic light scattering measurements showed that the MuA-loaded liposomes had a z-average particle size of 104.3 ± 6.4 nm (mean ± SD; n = 3) and a polydispersity index of 0.15 ± 0.02 (mean ± SD; n = 3). The encapsulation efficiency was 55.3 ± 2.3% (mean ± SD; n = 3). The in vitro cytotoxicity of encapsulated MuA was attenuated at IC50 = 21.97 µg/mL compared to 6.24 µg/mL for free MuA, against HepG2. In contrast, MuA-loaded liposomes were significantly more effective at inhibiting cell growth in HepG2 cancer spheroids, which indicated that they were able to reach the interior layers of the microtumor. Taken together, these results showed that the encapsulation of MuA in liposomes is a good research direction to improve this natural compound’s potential as a candidate for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan The Pham
- University of Science and Technology, Department of Life Sciences Hanoi (USTH) , 18 Hoang Quoc Viet St., Cau Giay Dist. , Hanoi , Vietnam
| | - Toan Quoc Tran
- Institute of Natural Products Chemistry , 18 Hoang Quoc Viet St., Cau Giay Dist. , Hanoi , Vietnam
- Graduate University of Science and Technology , 18 Hoang Quoc Viet St., Cau Giay Dist. , Hanoi , Vietnam
| | - Luu Van Chinh
- Institute of Natural Products Chemistry , 18 Hoang Quoc Viet St., Cau Giay Dist. , Hanoi , Vietnam
| | - Linh Phuong Nguyen
- Hanoi Medical University , 1 Ton That Tung St., Dong Da Dist. , Hanoi , Vietnam
| | - Ton Nu Thuy An
- Institute of Environmental Technology and Sustainable Development, Nguyen Tat Thanh University , Ho Chi Minh City , Vietnam
- Faculty of Food and Environmental Engineering, Nguyen Tat Thanh University , Ho Chi Minh City , Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Huu Thuan Anh
- Institute of Environmental Technology and Sustainable Development, Nguyen Tat Thanh University , Ho Chi Minh City , Vietnam
- Faculty of Food and Environmental Engineering, Nguyen Tat Thanh University , Ho Chi Minh City , Vietnam
| | - Duong Thanh Nguyen
- Graduate University of Science and Technology , 18 Hoang Quoc Viet St., Cau Giay Dist. , Hanoi , Vietnam
- Institute of Marine Biochemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST) , 18 Hoang Quoc Viet St., Cau Giay Dist. , Hanoi , Vietnam
- Institute of Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST) , 18 Hoang Quoc Viet St., Cau Giay Dist. , Hanoi , Vietnam
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Petrenko D, Chubarev V, Syzrantsev N, Ismail N, Merkulov V, Sologova S, Grigorevskikh E, Smolyarchuk E, Alyautdin R. Temozolomide Efficacy and Metabolism: The Implicit Relevance of Nanoscale Delivery Systems. Molecules 2022; 27:3507. [PMID: 35684445 PMCID: PMC9181940 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27113507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The most common primary malignant brain tumors in adults are gliomas. Glioblastoma is the most prevalent and aggressive tumor subtype of glioma. Current standards for the treatment of glioblastoma include a combination of surgical, radiation, and drug therapy methods. The drug therapy currently includes temozolomide (TMZ), an alkylating agent, and bevacizumab, a recombinant monoclonal IgG1 antibody that selectively binds to and inhibits the biological activity of vascular endothelial growth factor. Supplementation of glioblastoma radiation therapy with TMZ increased patient survival from 12.1 to 14.6 months. The specificity of TMZ effect on brain tumors is largely determined by special aspects of its pharmacokinetics. TMZ is an orally bioavailable prodrug, which is well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and is converted to its active alkylating metabolite 5-(3-methyl triazen-1-yl)imidazole-4-carbozamide (MTIC) spontaneously in physiological condition that does not require hepatic involvement. MTIC produced in the plasma is not able to cross the BBB and is formed locally in the brain. A promising way to increase the effectiveness of TMZ chemotherapy for glioblastoma is to prevent its hydrolysis in peripheral tissues and thereby increase the drug concentration in the brain that nanoscale delivery systems can provide. The review discusses possible ways to increase the efficacy of TMZ using nanocarriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Petrenko
- Department of Pharmacology, Sechenov University, 119019 Moscow, Russia; (V.C.); (N.S.); (V.M.); (S.S.); (E.G.); (E.S.)
| | - Vladimir Chubarev
- Department of Pharmacology, Sechenov University, 119019 Moscow, Russia; (V.C.); (N.S.); (V.M.); (S.S.); (E.G.); (E.S.)
| | - Nikita Syzrantsev
- Department of Pharmacology, Sechenov University, 119019 Moscow, Russia; (V.C.); (N.S.); (V.M.); (S.S.); (E.G.); (E.S.)
| | - Nafeeza Ismail
- Department of Pharmacology, University Technology MARA, Kuala Lumpur 50450, Malaysia;
| | - Vadim Merkulov
- Department of Pharmacology, Sechenov University, 119019 Moscow, Russia; (V.C.); (N.S.); (V.M.); (S.S.); (E.G.); (E.S.)
- Scientific Centre for Expert Evaluation of Medicinal Products, 127051 Moscow, Russia
| | - Susanna Sologova
- Department of Pharmacology, Sechenov University, 119019 Moscow, Russia; (V.C.); (N.S.); (V.M.); (S.S.); (E.G.); (E.S.)
| | - Ekaterina Grigorevskikh
- Department of Pharmacology, Sechenov University, 119019 Moscow, Russia; (V.C.); (N.S.); (V.M.); (S.S.); (E.G.); (E.S.)
| | - Elena Smolyarchuk
- Department of Pharmacology, Sechenov University, 119019 Moscow, Russia; (V.C.); (N.S.); (V.M.); (S.S.); (E.G.); (E.S.)
| | - Renad Alyautdin
- Department of Pharmacology, Sechenov University, 119019 Moscow, Russia; (V.C.); (N.S.); (V.M.); (S.S.); (E.G.); (E.S.)
- Scientific Centre for Expert Evaluation of Medicinal Products, 127051 Moscow, Russia
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Perini G, Rosa E, Friggeri G, Di Pietro L, Barba M, Parolini O, Ciasca G, Moriconi C, Papi M, De Spirito M, Palmieri V. INSIDIA 2.0 High-Throughput Analysis of 3D Cancer Models: Multiparametric Quantification of Graphene Quantum Dots Photothermal Therapy for Glioblastoma and Pancreatic Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:3217. [PMID: 35328638 PMCID: PMC8948775 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer spheroids are in vitro 3D models that became crucial in nanomaterials science thanks to the possibility of performing high throughput screening of nanoparticles and combined nanoparticle-drug therapies on in vitro models. However, most of the current spheroid analysis methods involve manual steps. This is a time-consuming process and is extremely liable to the variability of individual operators. For this reason, rapid, user-friendly, ready-to-use, high-throughput image analysis software is necessary. In this work, we report the INSIDIA 2.0 macro, which offers researchers high-throughput and high content quantitative analysis of in vitro 3D cancer cell spheroids and allows advanced parametrization of the expanding and invading cancer cellular mass. INSIDIA has been implemented to provide in-depth morphologic analysis and has been used for the analysis of the effect of graphene quantum dots photothermal therapy on glioblastoma (U87) and pancreatic cancer (PANC-1) spheroids. Thanks to INSIDIA 2.0 analysis, two types of effects have been observed: In U87 spheroids, death is accompanied by a decrease in area of the entire spheroid, with a decrease in entropy due to the generation of a high uniform density spheroid core. On the other hand, PANC-1 spheroids' death caused by nanoparticle photothermal disruption is accompanied with an overall increase in area and entropy due to the progressive loss of integrity and increase in variability of spheroid texture. We have summarized these effects in a quantitative parameter of spheroid disruption demonstrating that INSIDIA 2.0 multiparametric analysis can be used to quantify cell death in a non-invasive, fast, and high-throughput fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giordano Perini
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy; (G.P.); (E.R.); (G.F.); (G.C.); (M.D.S.)
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCSS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (L.D.P.); (M.B.); (O.P.)
| | - Enrico Rosa
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy; (G.P.); (E.R.); (G.F.); (G.C.); (M.D.S.)
| | - Ginevra Friggeri
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy; (G.P.); (E.R.); (G.F.); (G.C.); (M.D.S.)
| | - Lorena Di Pietro
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCSS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (L.D.P.); (M.B.); (O.P.)
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Sanità Pubblica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Marta Barba
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCSS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (L.D.P.); (M.B.); (O.P.)
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Sanità Pubblica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Ornella Parolini
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCSS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (L.D.P.); (M.B.); (O.P.)
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Sanità Pubblica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriele Ciasca
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy; (G.P.); (E.R.); (G.F.); (G.C.); (M.D.S.)
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCSS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (L.D.P.); (M.B.); (O.P.)
| | - Chiara Moriconi
- Theolytics, The Sherard Building, Edmund Halley Road, Oxford Science Park, Oxford OX4 4DQ, UK; or
| | - Massimiliano Papi
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy; (G.P.); (E.R.); (G.F.); (G.C.); (M.D.S.)
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCSS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (L.D.P.); (M.B.); (O.P.)
| | - Marco De Spirito
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy; (G.P.); (E.R.); (G.F.); (G.C.); (M.D.S.)
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCSS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (L.D.P.); (M.B.); (O.P.)
| | - Valentina Palmieri
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy; (G.P.); (E.R.); (G.F.); (G.C.); (M.D.S.)
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCSS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (L.D.P.); (M.B.); (O.P.)
- Istituto dei Sistemi Complessi, CNR, Via dei Taurini 19, 00185 Rome, Italy
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12
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Zhuang P, Chiang YH, Fernanda MS, He M. Using Spheroids as Building Blocks Towards 3D Bioprinting of Tumor Microenvironment. Int J Bioprint 2021; 7:444. [PMID: 34805601 PMCID: PMC8600307 DOI: 10.18063/ijb.v7i4.444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer still ranks as a leading cause of mortality worldwide. Although considerable efforts have been dedicated to anticancer therapeutics, progress is still slow, partially due to the absence of robust prediction models. Multicellular tumor spheroids, as a major three-dimensional (3D) culture model exhibiting features of avascular tumors, gained great popularity in pathophysiological studies and high throughput drug screening. However, limited control over cellular and structural organization is still the key challenge in achieving in vivo like tissue microenvironment. 3D bioprinting has made great strides toward tissue/organ mimicry, due to its outstanding spatial control through combining both cells and materials, scalability, and reproducibility. Prospectively, harnessing the power from both 3D bioprinting and multicellular spheroids would likely generate more faithful tumor models and advance our understanding on the mechanism of tumor progression. In this review, the emerging concept on using spheroids as a building block in 3D bioprinting for tumor modeling is illustrated. We begin by describing the context of the tumor microenvironment, followed by an introduction of various methodologies for tumor spheroid formation, with their specific merits and drawbacks. Thereafter, we present an overview of existing 3D printed tumor models using spheroids as a focus. We provide a compilation of the contemporary literature sources and summarize the overall advancements in technology and possibilities of using spheroids as building blocks in 3D printed tissue modeling, with a particular emphasis on tumor models. Future outlooks about the wonderous advancements of integrated 3D spheroidal printing conclude this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Zhuang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32610, USA
| | - Yi-Hua Chiang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32610, USA
| | | | - Mei He
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32610, USA
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13
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Gelatin methacrylate hydrogels culture model for glioblastoma cells enriches for mesenchymal-like state and models interactions with immune cells. Sci Rep 2021; 11:17727. [PMID: 34489494 PMCID: PMC8421368 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97059-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most lethal primary malignant brain tumor in adults. Simplified two-dimensional (2D) cell culture and neurospheres in vitro models fail to recapitulate the complexity of the tumor microenvironment, limiting its ability to predict therapeutic response. Three-dimensional (3D) scaffold-based models have emerged as a promising alternative for addressing these concerns. One such 3D system is gelatin methacrylate (GelMA) hydrogels, and we aimed to understand the suitability of using this system to mimic treatment-resistant glioblastoma cells that reside in specific niches. We characterized the phenotype of patient-derived glioma cells cultured in GelMA hydrogels (3D-GMH) for their tumorigenic properties using invasion and chemoresponse assays. In addition, we used integrated single-cell and spatial transcriptome analysis to compare cells cultured in 3D-GMH to neoplastic cells in vivo. Finally, we assessed tumor-immune cell interactions with a macrophage infiltration assay and a cytokine array. We show that the 3D-GMH system enriches treatment-resistant mesenchymal cells that are not represented in neurosphere cultures. Cells cultured in 3D-GMH resemble a mesenchymal-like cellular phenotype found in perivascular and hypoxic regions and recruit macrophages by secreting cytokines, a hallmark of the mesenchymal phenotype. Our 3D-GMH model effectively mimics the phenotype of glioma cells that are found in the perivascular and hypoxic niches of the glioblastoma core in situ, in contrast to the neurosphere cultures that enrich cells of the infiltrative edge of the tumor. This contrast highlights the need for due diligence in selecting an appropriate model when designing a study's objectives.
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14
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Perini G, Giulimondi F, Palmieri V, Augello A, Digiacomo L, Quagliarini E, Pozzi D, Papi M, Caracciolo G. Inhibiting the Growth of 3D Brain Cancer Models with Bio-Coronated Liposomal Temozolomide. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13030378. [PMID: 33809262 PMCID: PMC7999290 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13030378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) have emerged as an effective means to deliver anticancer drugs into the brain. Among various forms of NPs, liposomal temozolomide (TMZ) is the drug-of-choice for the treatment and management of brain tumours, but its therapeutic benefit is suboptimal. Although many possible reasons may account for the compromised therapeutic efficacy, the inefficient tumour penetration of liposomal TMZ can be a vital obstacle. Recently, the protein corona, i.e., the layer of plasma proteins that surround NPs after exposure to human plasma, has emerged as an endogenous trigger that mostly controls their anticancer efficacy. Exposition of particular biomolecules from the corona referred to as protein corona fingerprints (PCFs) may facilitate interactions with specific receptors of target cells, thus, promoting efficient internalization. In this work, we have synthesized a set of four TMZ-encapsulating nanomedicines made of four cationic liposome (CL) formulations with systematic changes in lipid composition and physical−chemical properties. We have demonstrated that precoating liposomal TMZ with a protein corona made of human plasma proteins can increase drug penetration in a 3D brain cancer model derived from U87 human glioblastoma multiforme cell line leading to marked inhibition of tumour growth. On the other side, by fine-tuning corona composition we have also provided experimental evidence of a non-unique effect of the corona on the tumour growth for all the complexes investigated, thus, clarifying that certain PCFs (i.e., APO-B and APO-E) enable favoured interactions with specific receptors of brain cancer cells. Reported results open new perspectives into the development of corona-coated liposomal drugs with enhanced tumour penetration and antitumour efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giordano Perini
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy; (G.P.); (V.P.)
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCSS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Francesca Giulimondi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161 Rome, Italy; (F.G.); (L.D.); (D.P.)
| | - Valentina Palmieri
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy; (G.P.); (V.P.)
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCSS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
- Istituto dei Sistemi Complessi, CNR, Via dei Taurini 19, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Alberto Augello
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCSS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Luca Digiacomo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161 Rome, Italy; (F.G.); (L.D.); (D.P.)
| | - Erica Quagliarini
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Daniela Pozzi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161 Rome, Italy; (F.G.); (L.D.); (D.P.)
| | - Massimiliano Papi
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy; (G.P.); (V.P.)
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCSS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
- Correspondence: (M.P.); (G.C.)
| | - Giulio Caracciolo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 291, 00161 Rome, Italy; (F.G.); (L.D.); (D.P.)
- Correspondence: (M.P.); (G.C.)
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15
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Quan Y, Sun M, Tan Z, Eijkel JCT, van den Berg A, van der Meer A, Xie Y. Organ-on-a-chip: the next generation platform for risk assessment of radiobiology. RSC Adv 2020; 10:39521-39530. [PMID: 35515392 PMCID: PMC9057494 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra05173j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Organ-on-a-chip devices have been widely used in biomedical science and technology, for example for experimental regenerative medicine and precision healthcare. The main advantage of organ-on-a-chip technology is the facility to build a specific human model that has functional responses on the level of organs or tissues, thereby avoiding the use of animal models, as well as greatly improving new drug discovery processes for personal healthcare. An emerging application domain for organs-on-chips is the study of internal irradiation for humans, which faces the challenges of the lack of a clear model for risk estimation of internal irradiation. We believe that radiobiology studies will benefit from organ-on-a-chip technology by building specific human organ/tissues in vitro. In this paper, we briefly reviewed the state-of-the-art in organ-on-a-chip research in different domains, and conclude with the challenges of radiobiology studies at internal low-dose irradiation. Organ-on-a-chip technology has the potential to significantly improve the radiobiology study as it can mimic the function of human organs or tissues, and here we summarize its potential benefits and possible breakthrough areas, as well as its limitations in internal low-dose radiation studies. Organ-on-a-chip technology has great potential for the next generation risk estimation of low dose internal irradiation, due to its success in mimicking human organs/tissues, which possibly can significantly improve on current animal models.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Quan
- Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry, China Academy of Engineering Physics (CAEP) Mianyang Sichuan 621000 China
| | - Miao Sun
- Joint Laboratory of Nanofluidics and Interfaces, School of Physical and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an Shaanxi 710072 China
| | - Zhaoyi Tan
- Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry, China Academy of Engineering Physics (CAEP) Mianyang Sichuan 621000 China
| | - Jan C T Eijkel
- BIOS, Lab on a Chip Group, MESA+ Institution for Nanotechnology, University of Twente 7522 NB Enschede The Netherlands
| | - Albert van den Berg
- BIOS, Lab on a Chip Group, MESA+ Institution for Nanotechnology, University of Twente 7522 NB Enschede The Netherlands
| | - Andries van der Meer
- Department of Applied Stem Cell Technologies, University of Twente 7522 NB Enschede The Netherlands
| | - Yanbo Xie
- Joint Laboratory of Nanofluidics and Interfaces, School of Physical and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an Shaanxi 710072 China
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16
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Pamies D, Zurich MG, Hartung T. Organotypic Models to Study Human Glioblastoma: Studying the Beast in Its Ecosystem. iScience 2020; 23:101633. [PMID: 33103073 PMCID: PMC7569333 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is a very aggressive primary brain tumor in adults, with very low survival rates and no curative treatments. The high failure rate of drug development for this cancer is linked to the high-cost, time-consuming, and inefficient models used to study the disease. Advances in stem cell and in vitro cultures technologies are promising, however, and here we present the advantages and limitations of available organotypic culture models and discuss their possible applications for studying glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Pamies
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology (SCAHT), Switzerland
| | - Marie-Gabrielle Zurich
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology (SCAHT), Switzerland
| | - Thomas Hartung
- Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing (CAAT) Europe, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
- Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing (CAAT), Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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17
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Pustchi SE, Avci NG, Akay YM, Akay M. Astrocytes Decreased the Sensitivity of Glioblastoma Cells to Temozolomide and Bay 11-7082. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7154. [PMID: 32998285 PMCID: PMC7583902 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common malignant type of astrocytic tumors. GBM patients have a poor prognosis with a median survival of approximately 15 months despite the "Stupp" Regimen and high tumor recurrence due to the tumor resistance to chemotherapy. In this study, we co-cultured GBM cells with human astrocytes in three-dimensional (3D) poly(ethylene glycol) dimethyl acrylate (PEGDA) microwells to mimic the tumor microenvironment. We treated 3D co- and mono-cultured cells with Temozolomide (TMZ) and the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) inhibitor Bay 11-7082 and investigated the combined effect of the drugs. We assessed the expressions of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and vimentin that play a role in the tumor malignancy and activation of the astrocytes as well as Notch-1 and survivin that play a role in GBM malignancy after the drug treatment to understand how astrocytes induced GBM drug response. Our results showed that in the co-culture, astrocytes increased GBM survival and resistance after combined drug treatment compared to mono-cultures. These data restated the importance of 3D cell culture to mimic the tumor microenvironment for drug screening.
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MESH Headings
- Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating/pharmacology
- Astrocytes/cytology
- Astrocytes/drug effects
- Astrocytes/metabolism
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Survival/drug effects
- Cell Survival/genetics
- Coculture Techniques/methods
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/drug effects
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein/genetics
- Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein/metabolism
- Humans
- Models, Biological
- Neuroglia/drug effects
- Neuroglia/metabolism
- Neuroglia/pathology
- Nitriles/pharmacology
- Primary Cell Culture
- Receptor, Notch1/genetics
- Receptor, Notch1/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Spheroids, Cellular/drug effects
- Spheroids, Cellular/metabolism
- Spheroids, Cellular/pathology
- Sulfones/pharmacology
- Survivin/genetics
- Survivin/metabolism
- Temozolomide/pharmacology
- Tumor Microenvironment/drug effects
- Tumor Microenvironment/genetics
- Vimentin/genetics
- Vimentin/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Metin Akay
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA; (S.E.P.); (N.G.A.); (Y.M.A.)
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18
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Avci NG, Ebrahimzadeh-Pustchi S, Akay YM, Esquenazi Y, Tandon N, Zhu JJ, Akay M. NF-κB inhibitor with Temozolomide results in significant apoptosis in glioblastoma via the NF-κB(p65) and actin cytoskeleton regulatory pathways. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13352. [PMID: 32770097 PMCID: PMC7414229 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70392-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most malignant brain tumor characterized by intrinsic or acquired resistance to chemotherapy. GBM tumors show nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activity that has been associated with tumor formation, growth, and increased resistance to therapy. We investigated the effect of NF-κB inhibitor BAY 11-7082 with Temozolomide (TMZ) on the signaling pathways in GBM pathogenesis. GBM cells and patient-derived GBM cells cultured in 3D microwells were co-treated with BAY 11-7082 and TMZ or BAY 11-7082 and TMZ alone, and combined experiments of cell proliferation, apoptosis, wound healing assay, as well as reverse-phase protein arrays, western blot and immunofluorescence staining were used to evaluate the effects of drugs on GBM cells. The results revealed that the co-treatment significantly altered cell proliferation by decreasing GBM viability, suppressed NF-κB pathway and enhanced apoptosis. Moreover, it was found that the co-treatment of BAY 11-7082 and TMZ significantly contributed to a decrease in the migration pattern of patient-derived GBM cells by modulating actin cytoskeleton pathway. These findings suggest that in addition to TMZ treatment, NF-κB can be used as a potential target to increase the treatment's outcomes. The drug combination strategy, which is significantly improved by NF-κB inhibitor could be used to better understand the underlying mechanism of GBM pathways in vivo and as a potential therapeutic tool for GBM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naze G Avci
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, 3517 Cullen Blvd, Houston, TX, 77204-5060, USA
| | - Sadaf Ebrahimzadeh-Pustchi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, 3517 Cullen Blvd, Houston, TX, 77204-5060, USA
| | - Yasemin M Akay
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, 3517 Cullen Blvd, Houston, TX, 77204-5060, USA
| | - Yoshua Esquenazi
- UTHealth Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, Memorial Hermann at Texas Medical Center, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Nitin Tandon
- UTHealth Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, Memorial Hermann at Texas Medical Center, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jay-Jiguang Zhu
- UTHealth Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, Memorial Hermann at Texas Medical Center, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Metin Akay
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, 3517 Cullen Blvd, Houston, TX, 77204-5060, USA.
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19
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Mirab F, Kang YJ, Majd S. Preparation and characterization of size-controlled glioma spheroids using agarose hydrogel microwells. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0211078. [PMID: 30677075 PMCID: PMC6345430 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0211078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Treatment of glioblastoma, the most common and aggressive type of primary brain tumors, is a major medical challenge and the development of new alternatives requires simple yet realistic models for these tumors. In vitro spheroid models offer attractive platforms to mimic the tumor behavior in vivo and have thus, been increasingly applied for assessment of drug efficacy in various tumors. The aim of this study was to produce and characterize size-controlled U251 glioma spheroids towards application in glioma drug evaluation studies. To this end, we fabricated agarose hydrogel microwells with cylindrical shape and diameters of 70-700 μm and applied these wells without any surface modification for glioma spheroid formation. The resultant spheroids were homogeneous in size and shape, exhibited high cell viability (> 90%), and had a similar growth rate to that of natural brain tumors. The final size of spheroids depended on cell seeding density and microwell size. The spheroids' volume increased linearly with the cell seeding density and the rate of this change increased with the well size. Lastly, we tested the therapeutic effect of an anti-cancer drug, Di-2-pyridylketone-4,4-dimethyl-3-thiosemicarbazone (Dp44mT) on the resultant glioma spheroids and demonstrated the applicability of this spheroid model for drug efficacy studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fereshtehsadat Mirab
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - You Jung Kang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Sheereen Majd
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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20
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Akay M, Hite J, Avci NG, Fan Y, Akay Y, Lu G, Zhu JJ. Drug Screening of Human GBM Spheroids in Brain Cancer Chip. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15423. [PMID: 30337660 PMCID: PMC6194126 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33641-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), an extremely invasive and high-grade (grade IV) glioma, is the most common and aggressive form of brain cancer. It has a poor prognosis, with a median overall survival of only 11 months in the general GBM population and 14.6 to 21 months in clinical trial participants with standard GBM therapies, including maximum safe craniotomy, adjuvant radiation, and chemotherapies. Therefore, new approaches for developing effective treatments, such as a tool for assessing tumor cell drug response before drug treatments are administered, are urgently needed to improve patient survival. To address this issue, we developed an improved brain cancer chip with a diffusion prevention mechanism that blocks drugs crossing from one channel to another. In the current study, we demonstrate that the chip has the ability to culture 3D spheroids from patient tumor specimen-derived GBM cells obtained from three GBM patients. Two clinical drugs used to treat GBM, temozolomide (TMZ) and bevacizumab (Avastin, BEV), were applied and a range of relative concentrations was generated by the microfluidic channels in the brain cancer chip. The results showed that TMZ works more effectively when used in combination with BEV compared to TMZ alone. We believe that this low-cost brain cancer chip could be further developed to generate optimal combination of chemotherapy drugs tailored to individual GBM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Metin Akay
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, 3517 Cullen Blvd, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - John Hite
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, 3517 Cullen Blvd, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Naze Gul Avci
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, 3517 Cullen Blvd, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yantao Fan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, 3517 Cullen Blvd, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yasemin Akay
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, 3517 Cullen Blvd, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Guangrong Lu
- Mischer Neuroscience Associates and the Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery University of Texas Health Science Center in Houston, UTHealth and Memorial Hermann, 6400 Fannin St. Suite 2800, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jay-Jiguang Zhu
- Mischer Neuroscience Associates and the Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery University of Texas Health Science Center in Houston, UTHealth and Memorial Hermann, 6400 Fannin St. Suite 2800, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
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21
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Nguyen DT, Fan Y, Akay YM, Akay M. TNP-470 Reduces Glioblastoma Angiogenesis in Three Dimensional GelMA Microwell Platform. IEEE Trans Nanobioscience 2016; 15:683-688. [DOI: 10.1109/tnb.2016.2600542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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22
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Akay M, Nguyen DT, Fan Y, Akay YM. Engineering a Three-Dimensional In Vitro Drug Testing Platform for Glioblastoma. J Nanotechnol Eng Med 2016. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4032903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) in vivo cell culture modeling is quickly emerging as a platform to replace two-dimensional (2D) monolayer cell culture in vitro tests. Three-dimensional tumor models mimic physiological conditions and provide valuable insight of the tumor cell response to drug discovery application. In this study, we used poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) hydrogel microwells to generate 3D brain cancer spheroids and studied their treatment with anticancer drugs in single or combination treatment. Glioblastoma (GBM) spheroids were grown through 14 days before infecting with two drugs: Pitavastatin and Irinotecan at various concentrations. A significant cell lysis was observed and cell viability decreased to lower than 7% when drugs were combined at the concentration Pitavastatin 10 μM and Irinotecan 50 μM to infect after 7 days. These findings demonstrate a promising platform—PEG hydrogel microwells—that should be an efficient way to test the drug sensitivity in vitro as well as application in different studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Metin Akay
- John S Dunn Endowed Chair Professor Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77004 e-mail:
| | - Duong T. Nguyen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77004 e-mail:
| | - Yantao Fan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77004 e-mail:
| | - Yasemin M. Akay
- Assistant Professor Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77004 e-mail:
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Avci NG, Fan Y, Dragomir A, Akay YM, Gomez-Manzano C, Fueyo-Margareto J, Akay M. Delta-24-RGD Induces Cytotoxicity of Glioblastoma Spheroids in Three Dimensional PEG Microwells. IEEE Trans Nanobioscience 2015; 14:946-51. [PMID: 26661633 DOI: 10.1109/tnb.2015.2499312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive brain tumor, with 12-15 months median survival time despite current treatment efforts. Among the alternative treatment approaches that have gained acceptance over the last decade is the use of replication-competent oncolytic adenoviruses, which are promising due to their relatively low toxicity and tumor-specific targeting. Three-dimensional (3D) tumor models can mimic the physiological microenvironment of GBM tumors and provide valuable information about the interaction between tumor cells and adenoviruses. Therefore, robust in vitro 3D tumor models are critical to investigate the mechanisms underlying tumor progression and explore the cytotoxicity effect of the adenovirus on tumor cells. In this study, we used a hydrogel microwell platform to generate in vitro 3D GBM spheroids and studied their interactions with the Delta-24-RGD adenovirus. The results showed that the cultured 3D spheroids were successfully infected by the Delta-24-RGD. A significant cell lysis was observed. Cell viability was decreased approximately 37%, 54% and 65% with 10, 50, and 100 MOIs, respectively. The infection of the Delta-24-RGD was found more effective on 3D spheroids when compared to 2D monolayer cell culture. These results implicate that our hydrogel microwell platform could provide a promising 3D model to investigate the oncolytic potential of the viruses in vitro.
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Avci NG, Fan Y, Dragomir A, Akay YM, Akay M. Investigating the Influence of HUVECs in the Formation of Glioblastoma Spheroids in High-Throughput Three-Dimensional Microwells. IEEE Trans Nanobioscience 2015; 14:790-6. [PMID: 26571536 DOI: 10.1109/tnb.2015.2477818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common form of primary brain tumor with a high infiltrative capacity, increased vascularity, and largely elusive tumor progression mechanism. The current GBM treatment methods do not increase the patient survival rate and studies using two-dimensional (2D) cell cultures and in vivo animal models to investigate GBM behavior and mechanism have limitations. Therefore, there is an increasing need for in vitro three-dimensional (3D) models that closely mimic in vivo microenvironment of the GBM tumors to understand the underlying mechanisms of the tumor progression. In this study we propose to use a 3D in vitro model to overcome these limitations, using poly (ethylene glycol) dimethyl acrylate (PEGDA) hydrogel-based microwells and co-culture GBM (U87) cells and endothelial cells (HUVEC) in the 3D microwells to provide a 3D in vitro simulation of the tumor microenvironment. Furthermore, we investigated the gene expression differences of co-cultures by quantitative real-time PCR. Our results suggested that the relative expression profiles of tumor angiogenesis markers, PECAM1/CD31, and VEGFR2, in co-cultures are consistent with in vivo GBM studies. Furthermore, we suggest that our microwell platform could provide robust and useful 3D co-culture models for high-throughput drug screening and treatment of the GBM.
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