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Yang H, Chen T, Hu Y, Niu F, Zheng X, Sun H, Cheng L, Sun L. A microfluidic platform integrating dynamic cell culture and dielectrophoretic manipulation for in situ assessment of endothelial cell mechanics. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:3581-3592. [PMID: 37417786 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00363a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
The function of vascular endothelial cells (ECs) within the complex vascular microenvironment is typically modulated by biochemical cues, cell-cell interactions, and fluid shear stress. These regulatory factors play a crucial role in determining cell mechanical properties, such as elastic and shear moduli, which are important parameters for assessing cell status. However, most studies on the measurement of cell mechanical properties have been conducted in vitro, which is labor-intensive and time-consuming. Notably, many physiological factors are lacking in Petri dish culture compared with in vivo conditions, leading to inaccurate results and poor clinical relevance. Herein, we developed a multi-layer microfluidic chip that integrates dynamic cell culture, manipulation and dielectrophoretic in situ measurement of mechanical properties. Furthermore, we numerically and experimentally simulated the vascular microenvironment to investigate the effects of flow rate and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) on the Young's modulus of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Results showed that greater fluid shear stress results in increased Young's modulus of HUVECs, suggesting the importance of hemodynamics in modulating the biomechanics of ECs. In contrast, TNF-α, an inflammation inducer, dramatically decreased HUVEC stiffness, demonstrating an adverse impact on the vascular endothelium. Blebbistatin, a cytoskeleton disruptor, significantly reduced the Young's modulus of HUVECs. In summary, the proposed vascular-mimetic dynamic culture and monitoring approach enables the physiological development of ECs in organ-on-a-chip microsystems for accurately and efficiently studying hemodynamics and pharmacological mechanisms underlying cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yang
- Robotics and Microsystems Center, College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, China.
| | - Tao Chen
- Robotics and Microsystems Center, College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, China.
| | - Yichong Hu
- Robotics and Microsystems Center, College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, China.
| | - Fuzhou Niu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215000, China
| | - Xinyu Zheng
- Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haizhen Sun
- Robotics and Microsystems Center, College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, China.
| | - Liang Cheng
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, China
| | - Lining Sun
- Robotics and Microsystems Center, College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, China.
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Yuan Y, Ma D, Liu X, Tang T, Li M, Yang Y, Yalikun Y, Tanaka Y. 10 μm thick ultrathin glass sheet to realize a highly sensitive cantilever for precise cell stiffness measurement. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:3651-3661. [PMID: 37449439 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00113j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
The micro-cantilever-based sensor platform has become a promising technique in the sensing area for physical, chemical and biological detection due to its portability, small size, label-free characteristics and good compatibility with "lab-on-a-chip" devices. However, traditional micro-cantilever methods are limited by their complicated fabrication, manipulation and detection, and low sensitivity. In this research, we proposed a 10 μm thick ultrathin, highly sensitive, and flexible glass cantilever integrated with a strain gauge sensor and presented its application for the measurement of single-cell mechanical properties. Compared to conventional methods, the proposed ultrathin glass sheet (UTGS)-based cantilever is easier to fabricate, has better physical and chemical properties, and shows a high linear relationship between resistance change and applied small force or displacement. The sensitivity of the cantilever is 15 μN μm-1 and the minimum detectable displacement at the current development stage is 500 nm, which is sufficient for cell stiffness measurement. The cantilever also possesses excellent optical transparency that supports real-time observation during measurement. We first calibrated the cantilever by measuring the Young's modulus of PDMS with known specific stiffness, and then we demonstrated the measurement of Xenopus oocytes and fertilized eggs in different statuses. By further optimizing the UTGS-based cantilever, we can extend its applicability to various measurements of different cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yapeng Yuan
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), RIKEN, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Doudou Ma
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), RIKEN, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Xun Liu
- Graduate School of Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Nara 630-0192, Japan.
| | - Tao Tang
- Graduate School of Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Nara 630-0192, Japan.
| | - Ming Li
- School of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, 2109, Australia
| | - Yang Yang
- Institute of Deep-Sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya, Hainan, 572000, P. R. China
| | - Yaxiaer Yalikun
- Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), RIKEN, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
- Graduate School of Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Nara 630-0192, Japan.
| | - Yo Tanaka
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), RIKEN, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
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Lan H, Qian J, Liu Y, Lu S, Zhang B, Huang L, Hu X, Zhang W. Swirl-like Acoustofluidic Stirring Facilitates Microscale Reactions in Sessile Droplets. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:837. [PMID: 37421070 DOI: 10.3390/mi14040837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Sessile droplets play a crucial role in the microreactors of biochemical samples. Acoustofluidics provide a non-contact and label-free method for manipulating particles, cells, and chemical analytes in droplets. In the present study, we propose a micro-stirring application based on acoustic swirls in sessile droplets. The acoustic swirls are formed inside the droplets by asymmetric coupling of surface acoustic waves (SAWs). With the merits of the slanted design of the interdigital electrode, the excitation position of SAWs is selective by sweeping in wide frequency ranges, allowing for the droplet position to be customized within the aperture region. We verify the reasonable existence of acoustic swirls in sessile droplets by a combination of simulations and experiments. The different periphery of the droplet meeting with SAWs will produce acoustic streaming phenomena with different intensities. The experiments demonstrate that acoustic swirls formed after SAWs encountering droplet boundaries will be more obvious. The acoustic swirls have strong stirring abilities to rapidly dissolve the yeast cell powder granules. Therefore, acoustic swirls are expected to be an effective means for rapid stirring of biomolecules and chemicals, providing a new approach to micro-stirring in biomedicine and chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaize Lan
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Measuring Theory and Precision Instrument, School of Instrument Science and Opto-Electronics Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
- Special Display and Imaging Technology Innovation Center of Anhui Province, Academy of Optoelectronic Technology, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Jingui Qian
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Measuring Theory and Precision Instrument, School of Instrument Science and Opto-Electronics Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
- Special Display and Imaging Technology Innovation Center of Anhui Province, Academy of Optoelectronic Technology, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Yansong Liu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Measuring Theory and Precision Instrument, School of Instrument Science and Opto-Electronics Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
- Special Display and Imaging Technology Innovation Center of Anhui Province, Academy of Optoelectronic Technology, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Shanshan Lu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Measuring Theory and Precision Instrument, School of Instrument Science and Opto-Electronics Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
- Special Display and Imaging Technology Innovation Center of Anhui Province, Academy of Optoelectronic Technology, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Bowei Zhang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Measuring Theory and Precision Instrument, School of Instrument Science and Opto-Electronics Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
- Special Display and Imaging Technology Innovation Center of Anhui Province, Academy of Optoelectronic Technology, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Liang Huang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Measuring Theory and Precision Instrument, School of Instrument Science and Opto-Electronics Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Xuefeng Hu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Measuring Theory and Precision Instrument, School of Instrument Science and Opto-Electronics Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
- Special Display and Imaging Technology Innovation Center of Anhui Province, Academy of Optoelectronic Technology, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Measuring Theory and Precision Instrument, School of Instrument Science and Opto-Electronics Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
- Special Display and Imaging Technology Innovation Center of Anhui Province, Academy of Optoelectronic Technology, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
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Tang X, Huang Q, Arai T, Liu X. Cell pairing for biological analysis in microfluidic devices. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2022; 16:061501. [PMID: 36389274 PMCID: PMC9646252 DOI: 10.1063/5.0095828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Cell pairing at the single-cell level usually allows a few cells to contact or seal in a single chamber and provides high-resolution imaging. It is pivotal for biological research, including understanding basic cell functions, creating cancer treatment technologies, developing drugs, and more. Laboratory chips based on microfluidics have been widely used to trap, immobilize, and analyze cells due to their high efficiency, high throughput, and good biocompatibility properties. Cell pairing technology in microfluidic devices provides spatiotemporal research on cellular interactions and a highly controlled approach for cell heterogeneity studies. In the last few decades, many researchers have emphasized cell pairing research based on microfluidics. They designed various microfluidic device structures for different biological applications. Herein, we describe the current physical methods of microfluidic devices to trap cell pairs. We emphatically summarize the practical applications of cell pairing in microfluidic devices, including cell fusion, cell immunity, gap junction intercellular communication, cell co-culture, and other applications. Finally, we review the advances and existing challenges of the presented devices and then discuss the possible development directions to promote medical and biological research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Tang
- Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Robots and Systems, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Control and Decision of Complex System, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Intelligent Robots and Systems, and School of Mechatronical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Qiang Huang
- Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Robots and Systems, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Control and Decision of Complex System, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Intelligent Robots and Systems, and School of Mechatronical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Tatsuo Arai
- Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Robots and Systems, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Control and Decision of Complex System, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Intelligent Robots and Systems, and School of Mechatronical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiaoming Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Robots and Systems, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Control and Decision of Complex System, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Intelligent Robots and Systems, and School of Mechatronical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
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Recent advances in integrated microfluidics for liquid biopsies and future directions. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 217:114715. [PMID: 36174359 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Liquid biopsies have piqued the interest of researchers as a new tumor diagnosis technique due to their unique benefits of non-invasiveness, sensitivity, and convenience. Recent advances in microfluidic technology have integrated separation, purification, and detection, allowing for high-throughput, high-sensitivity, and high-controllability detection of specific biomarkers in liquid biopsies. With the increasing demand for tumor detection and individualized treatment, new challenges are emerging for the ever-improving microfluidic technology. The state-of-the-art microfluidic design and fabrications have been reviewed in this manuscript, and how this technology can be applied to liquid biopsies from the point of view of the detection process. The primary discussion objectives are circulating tumor cells (CTCs), exosomes, and circulating nucleic acid (ctDNA). Furthermore, the challenges and future direction of microfluidic technology in detecting liquid biomarkers have been discussed.
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Lv N, Zhang L, Yang Z, Wang H, Yang N, Li H. Label-free biological sample detection and non-contact separation system based on microfluidic chip. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2022; 93:063104. [PMID: 35778042 DOI: 10.1063/5.0086109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The detection and separation of biological samples are of great significance for achieving accurate diagnoses and state assessments. Currently, the detection and separation of cells mostly adopt labeling methods, which will undoubtedly affect the original physiological state and functions of cells. Therefore, in this study, a label-free cell detection method based on microfluidic chips is proposed. By measuring the scattering of cells to identify cells and then using optical tweezers to separate the target cells, the whole process without any labeling and physical contact could realize automatic cell identification and separation. Different concentrations of 15 µm polystyrene microspheres and yeast mixed solution are used as samples for detection and separation. The detection accuracy is over 90%, and the separation accuracy is over 73%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Lv
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Xian Jiaotong University, Xian, Shannxi 710049, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Xian Jiaotong University, Xian, Shannxi 710049, China
| | - Zewen Yang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Xian Jiaotong University, Xian, Shannxi 710049, China
| | - Huijun Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Xian Jiaotong University, Xian, Shannxi 710049, China
| | - Nan Yang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Xian Jiaotong University, Xian, Shannxi 710049, China
| | - Hao Li
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Xian Jiaotong University, Xian, Shannxi 710049, China
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Raz NR, Akbarzadeh-T MR. Target Convergence Analysis of Cancer-Inspired Swarms for Early Disease Diagnosis and Targeted Collective Therapy. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NEURAL NETWORKS AND LEARNING SYSTEMS 2022; 33:2132-2146. [PMID: 34890335 DOI: 10.1109/tnnls.2021.3130207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Sensing and perception is generally a challenging aspect of decision-making. In the nanoscale, however, these processes face further complications due to the physical limitations of devising the nanomachines with more limited perception, more noise, and fewer sensors. There is, hence, higher dependence on swarm sensing and perception of many nanomachines. Here, taking hardware and software bioinspiration, we propose Chemo-Mechanical Cancer-Inspired Swarm Perception (CMCISP) based on online nano fuzzy haptic feedback for early disease diagnosis and targeted therapy. Particularly, we use epithelial cancer cell's scaffold as a carrier, its properties as a distributed perception mechanism, and its motility patterns as the swarm movements such as anti-durotaxis, blebbing, and chemotaxis. We implement the in-silico model of CMCISP using a hybrid computational framework of the cellular Potts model, swarm intelligence, and fuzzy decision-making. Furthermore, the target convergence of CMCISP is analytically proved using swarm control theory. Finally, several numerical experiments and validations for cancer target therapy, cellular stiffness measurement, anti-durotaxis movement, and robustness analysis are also conducted and compared with a mathematical chemotherapy model and authors' previous works on targeted therapy. Results show improvements of up to 57.49% in early cancer detection, 26.64% in target convergence, and 68.01% in increased normoxic cell density. The study also reveals the strategy's robustness to environmental/sensory noise by applying six SNR levels of 0, 2, 5, 10, 30, and 50 dB, with an average diagnosis error of only 0.98% and at most 2.51%.
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Wang Y, Pan H, Mei D, Xu C, Weng W. Programmable motion control and trajectory manipulation of microparticles through tri-directional symmetrical acoustic tweezers. LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 22:1149-1161. [PMID: 35134105 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00046f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Acoustic tweezers based on travelling surface acoustic waves (TSAWs) have the potential for contactless trajectory manipulation and motion-parameter regulation of microparticles in biological and microfluidic applications. Here, we present a novel design of a tri-directional symmetrical acoustic tweezers device that enables the precise manipulation of linear, clockwise, and anticlockwise trajectories of microparticles. By switching the excitation combinations of interdigital electrodes (IDTs), various shape patterns of acoustic pressure fields can be formed to capture and steer microparticles accurately according to pre-defined trajectories. Numerical simulations and experimental tests were conducted in this study. By adjusting the input electric signals and the fluid's viscosity, the device is able to manipulate microparticles of various forms as well as brine shrimp egg cells with the accurate modulation of motion parameters. The results show that the proposed programmable design possesses low-cost, compact, non-contact, and high biocompatibility benefits, with the capacity to accurately manage microparticles in a range of motion trajectories, independent of their physical and/or chemical characteristics. Thus, our design has strong potential applications in chemical composition analysis, drug delivery, and cell assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yancheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.
| | - Hemin Pan
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacturing Technology of Zhejiang Province, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Deqing Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.
| | - Chengyao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacturing Technology of Zhejiang Province, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Wanyu Weng
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacturing Technology of Zhejiang Province, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
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Li P, Liu X, Kojima M, Huang Q, Arai T. Automated Cell Mechanical Characterization by On-Chip Sequential Squeezing: From Static to Dynamic. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:8083-8094. [PMID: 34171189 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c00441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The mechanical properties of cells are harmless biomarkers for cell identification and disease diagnosis. Although many systems have been developed to evaluate the static mechanical properties of cells for biomedical research, their robustness, effectiveness, and cost do not meet clinical requirements or the experiments with a large number of cell samples. In this paper, we propose an approach for on-chip cell mechanical characterization by analyzing the dynamic behavior of cells as they pass through multiple constrictions. The proposed serpentine microfluidic channel consisted of 20 constrictions connected in series and divided into five rows for tracking cell dynamic behavior. Assisted by computer vision, the squeezing time of each cell through five rows of constrictions was automatically collected and filtered to evaluate the cell's mechanical deformability. We observed a decreasing passage time and increasing dynamic deformability of the cells as they passed through the multiple constrictions. The deformability increase rate of the HeLa cells was eight times greater than that of MEF cells. Moreover, the weak correlation between the deformability increase rate and the cell size indicated that cell recognition based on measuring the deformability increase rate could hardly be affected by the cell size variation. These findings showed that the deformability increase rate of the cell under on-chip sequential squeezing as a new index has great potential in cancer cell recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengyun Li
- Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Robots and Systems, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Control and Decision of Complex System, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Intelligent Robots and Systems, and School of Mechatronical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiaoming Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Robots and Systems, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Control and Decision of Complex System, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Intelligent Robots and Systems, and School of Mechatronical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Masaru Kojima
- Department of Materials Engineering Science, Osaka University, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Qiang Huang
- Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Robots and Systems, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Control and Decision of Complex System, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Intelligent Robots and Systems, and School of Mechatronical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Tatsuo Arai
- Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Robots and Systems, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Control and Decision of Complex System, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Intelligent Robots and Systems, and School of Mechatronical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- Center for Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, The University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo 182-8585, Japan
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