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Abstract
With the rapid development of high technology, chemical science is not as it used to be a century ago. Many chemists acquire and utilize skills that are well beyond the traditional definition of chemistry. The digital age has transformed chemistry laboratories. One aspect of this transformation is the progressing implementation of electronics and computer science in chemistry research. In the past decade, numerous chemistry-oriented studies have benefited from the implementation of electronic modules, including microcontroller boards (MCBs), single-board computers (SBCs), professional grade control and data acquisition systems, as well as field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). In particular, MCBs and SBCs provide good value for money. The application areas for electronic modules in chemistry research include construction of simple detection systems based on spectrophotometry and spectrofluorometry principles, customizing laboratory devices for automation of common laboratory practices, control of reaction systems (batch- and flow-based), extraction systems, chromatographic and electrophoretic systems, microfluidic systems (classical and nonclassical), custom-built polymerase chain reaction devices, gas-phase analyte detection systems, chemical robots and drones, construction of FPGA-based imaging systems, and the Internet-of-Chemical-Things. The technology is easy to handle, and many chemists have managed to train themselves in its implementation. The only major obstacle in its implementation is probably one's imagination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurpur Rakesh D Prabhu
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan.,Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Road, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
| | - Pawel L Urban
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan.,Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
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Khan SM, Gumus A, Nassar JM, Hussain MM. CMOS Enabled Microfluidic Systems for Healthcare Based Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1705759. [PMID: 29484725 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201705759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 11/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
With the increased global population, it is more important than ever to expand accessibility to affordable personalized healthcare. In this context, a seamless integration of microfluidic technology for bioanalysis and drug delivery and complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology enabled data-management circuitry is critical. Therefore, here, the fundamentals, integration aspects, and applications of CMOS-enabled microfluidic systems for affordable personalized healthcare systems are presented. Critical components, like sensors, actuators, and their fabrication and packaging, are discussed and reviewed in detail. With the emergence of the Internet-of-Things and the upcoming Internet-of-Everything for a people-process-data-device connected world, now is the time to take CMOS-enabled microfluidics technology to as many people as possible. There is enormous potential for microfluidic technologies in affordable healthcare for everyone, and CMOS technology will play a major role in making that happen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherjeel M Khan
- Integrated Nanotechnology Lab and Integrated Disruptive Electronic Applications (IDEA) Lab, Computer Electrical Mathematical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdurrahman Gumus
- Integrated Nanotechnology Lab and Integrated Disruptive Electronic Applications (IDEA) Lab, Computer Electrical Mathematical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Izmir Institute of Technology, Urla, 35430, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Joanna M Nassar
- Integrated Nanotechnology Lab and Integrated Disruptive Electronic Applications (IDEA) Lab, Computer Electrical Mathematical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad M Hussain
- Integrated Nanotechnology Lab and Integrated Disruptive Electronic Applications (IDEA) Lab, Computer Electrical Mathematical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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Pullano SA, Mahbub I, Islam SK, Fiorillo AS. PVDF Sensor Stimulated by Infrared Radiation for Temperature Monitoring in Microfluidic Devices. SENSORS 2017; 17:s17040850. [PMID: 28406447 PMCID: PMC5424727 DOI: 10.3390/s17040850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents a ferroelectric polymer-based temperature sensor designed for microfluidic devices. The integration of the sensor into a system-on-a-chip platform facilitates quick monitoring of localized temperature of a biological fluid, avoiding errors in the evaluation of thermal evolution of the fluid during analysis. The contact temperature sensor is fabricated by combining a thin pyroelectric film together with an infrared source, which stimulates the active element located on the top of the microfluidic channel. An experimental setup was assembled to validate the analytical model and to characterize the response rate of the device. The evaluation procedure and the operating range of the temperature also make this device suitable for applications where the localized temperature monitoring of biological samples is necessary. Additionally, ease of integration with standard microfluidic devices makes the proposed sensor an attractive option for in situ analysis of biological fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore A Pullano
- Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy.
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Tennessee, 1520 Middle Drive, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA.
| | - Ifana Mahbub
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Tennessee, 1520 Middle Drive, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA.
| | - Syed K Islam
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Tennessee, 1520 Middle Drive, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA.
| | - Antonino S Fiorillo
- Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy.
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El-Badawy A, Amer M, Abdelbaset R, Sherif SN, Abo-Elela M, Ghallab YH, Abdelhamid H, Ismail Y, El-Badri N. Adipose Stem Cells Display Higher Regenerative Capacities and More Adaptable Electro-Kinetic Properties Compared to Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells. Sci Rep 2016; 6:37801. [PMID: 27883074 PMCID: PMC5121630 DOI: 10.1038/srep37801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose stem cells (ASCs) have recently emerged as a more viable source for clinical applications, compared to bone-marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (BM-MSCs) because of their abundance and easy access. In this study we evaluated the regenerative potency of ASCs compared to BM-MSCs. Furthermore, we compared the dielectric and electro-kinetic properties of both types of cells using a novel Dielectrophoresis (DEP) microfluidic platform based on a printed circuit board (PCB) technology. Our data show that ASCs were more effective than BM-MSCs in promoting neovascularization in an animal model of hind-limb ischemia. When compared to BM-MSCs, ASCs displayed higher resistance to hypoxia-induced apoptosis, and to oxidative stress-induced senescence, and showed more potent proangiogenic activity. mRNA expression analysis showed that ASCs had a higher expression of Oct4 and VEGF than BM-MSCs. Furthermore, ASCs showed a remarkably higher telomerase activity. Analysis of the electro-kinetic properties showed that ASCs displayed different traveling wave velocity and rotational speed compared to BM-MSCs. Interestingly, ASCs seem to develop an adaptive response when exposed to repeated electric field stimulation. These data provide new insights into the physiology of ASCs, and evidence to their potential superior potency compared to marrow MSCs as a source of stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed El-Badawy
- Center of Excellence for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine (CESC), Zewail City of Science and Technology, Egypt
| | - Marwa Amer
- Center of Excellence for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine (CESC), Zewail City of Science and Technology, Egypt
| | - Reda Abdelbaset
- Center of Nanoelectronics and Devices (CND), Zewail City of Science and Technology/American University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sameh N Sherif
- Center of Nanoelectronics and Devices (CND), Zewail City of Science and Technology/American University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Marwan Abo-Elela
- Center of Nanoelectronics and Devices (CND), Zewail City of Science and Technology/American University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Yehya H Ghallab
- Center of Nanoelectronics and Devices (CND), Zewail City of Science and Technology/American University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hamdy Abdelhamid
- Center of Nanoelectronics and Devices (CND), Zewail City of Science and Technology/American University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Yehea Ismail
- Center of Nanoelectronics and Devices (CND), Zewail City of Science and Technology/American University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nagwa El-Badri
- Center of Excellence for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine (CESC), Zewail City of Science and Technology, Egypt
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