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Gimsa J, Radai MM. Trajectories and Forces in Four-Electrode Chambers Operated in Object-Shift, Dielectrophoresis and Field-Cage Modes-Considerations from the System's Point of View. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:2042. [PMID: 38004898 PMCID: PMC10673075 DOI: 10.3390/mi14112042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
In two previous papers, we calculated the dielectrophoresis (DEP) force and corresponding trajectories of high- and low-conductance 200-µm 2D spheres in a square 1 × 1-mm chamber with plane-versus-pointed, plane-versus-plane and pointed-versus-pointed electrode configurations by applying the law of maximum entropy production (LMEP) to the system. Here, we complete these considerations for configurations with four-pointed electrodes centered on the chamber edges. The four electrodes were operated in either object-shift mode (two adjacent electrodes opposite the other two adjacent electrodes), DEP mode (one electrode versus the other three electrodes), or field-cage mode (two electrodes on opposite edges versus the two electrodes on the other two opposite edges). As in previous work, we have assumed DC properties for the object and the external media for simplicity. Nevertheless, every possible polarization ratio of the two media can be modeled this way. The trajectories of the spherical centers and the corresponding DEP forces were calculated from the gradients of the system's total energy dissipation, described by numerically-derived conductance fields. In each of the three drive modes, very high attractive and repulsive forces were found in front of pointed electrodes for the high and low-conductance spheres, respectively. The conductance fields predict bifurcation points, watersheds, and trajectories with multiple endpoints. The high and low-conductance spheres usually follow similar trajectories, albeit with reversed orientations. In DEP drive mode, the four-point electrode chamber provides a similar area for DEP measurements as the classical plane-versus-pointed electrode chamber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Gimsa
- Department of Biophysics, University of Rostock, Gertrudenstr. 11A, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Michal M. Radai
- Independent Researcher, HaPrachim 19, Ra’anana 4339963, Israel;
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2
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Hewlin RL, Edwards M, Schultz C. Design and Development of a Traveling Wave Ferro-Microfluidic Device and System Rig for Potential Magnetophoretic Cell Separation and Sorting in a Water-Based Ferrofluid. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:889. [PMCID: PMC10145302 DOI: 10.3390/mi14040889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
The timely detection and diagnosis of diseases and accurate monitoring of specific genetic conditions require rapid and accurate separation, sorting, and direction of target cell types toward a sensor device surface. In that regard, cellular manipulation, separation, and sorting are progressively finding application potential within various bioassay applications such as medical disease diagnosis, pathogen detection, and medical testing. The aim of this paper is to present the design and development of a simple traveling wave ferro-microfluidic device and system rig purposed for the potential manipulation and magnetophoretic separation of cells in water-based ferrofluids. This paper details in full: (1) a method for tailoring cobalt ferrite nanoparticles for specific diameter size ranges (10–20 nm), (2) the development of a ferro-microfluidic device for potentially separating cells and magnetic nanoparticles, (3) the development of a water-based ferrofluid with magnetic nanoparticles and non-magnetic microparticles, and (4) the design and development of a system rig for producing the electric field within the ferro-microfluidic channel device for magnetizing and manipulating nonmagnetic particles in the ferro-microfluidic channel. The results reported in this work demonstrate a proof of concept for magnetophoretic manipulation and separation of magnetic and non-magnetic particles in a simple ferro-microfluidic device. This work is a design and proof-of-concept study. The design reported in this model is an improvement over existing magnetic excitation microfluidic system designs in that heat is efficiently removed from the circuit board to allow a range of input currents and frequencies to manipulate non-magnetic particles. Although this work did not analyze the separation of cells from magnetic particles, the results demonstrate that non-magnetic (surrogates for cellular materials) and magnetic entities can be separated and, in some cases, continuously pushed through the channel based on amperage, size, frequency, and electrode spacing. The results reported in this work establish that the developed ferro-microfluidic device may potentially be used as an effective platform for microparticle and cellular manipulation and sorting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodward L. Hewlin
- Center for Biomedical Engineering and Science (CBES), Department of Engineering Technology and Construction Management (ETCM), University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA
| | - Maegan Edwards
- Center for Biomedical Engineering and Science (CBES), Department of Engineering Technology and Construction Management (ETCM), University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA
- Applied Energy and Electromechanical Systems (AEES), Department of Engineering Technology and Construction Management (ETCM), University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA
| | - Christopher Schultz
- Center for Biomedical Engineering and Science (CBES), Department of Engineering Technology and Construction Management (ETCM), University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA
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3
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Habibi S, Joshi PU, Mi X, Heldt CL, Minerick AR. Changes in Membrane Dielectric Properties of Porcine Kidney Cells Provide Insight into the Antiviral Activity of Glycine. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:8344-8356. [PMID: 32614601 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c00175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The ability to monitor the status and progression of viral infections is important for development and screening of new antiviral drugs. Previous research illustrated that the osmolyte glycine (Gly) reduced porcine parvovirus (PPV) infection in porcine kidney (PK-13) cells by stabilizing the capsid protein and preventing virus capsid assembly into viable virus particles. Dielectrophoresis (DEP) was examined herein as a noninvasive, electric field- and frequency-dependent tool for real-time monitoring of PK-13 cell responses to obtain information about membrane barrier functionality and polarization. DEP responses of PK-13 cells were compared to those of PPV-infected cells in the absence and presence of the osmolyte glycine. With infection progression, PK-13 DEP spectra shifted toward lower frequencies, reducing crossover frequencies (fCO). The spherical single-shell model was used to extract PK-13 cell dielectric properties. Upon PPV infection, specific membrane capacitance increased over the time progression of virus attachment, penetration, and capsid protein production and assembly. Following glycine treatment, the DEP spectra displayed attenuated fCO and specific membrane capacitance values shifted back toward uninfected PK-13 cell values. These results suggest that DEP can be used to noninvasively monitor the viral infection cycle and screen antiviral compounds. DEP can augment traditional tools by elucidating membrane polarization changes related to drug mechanisms that interrupt the virus infection cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanaz Habibi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
| | - Pratik U Joshi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
| | - Xue Mi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
| | - Caryn L Heldt
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
| | - Adrienne R Minerick
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United States
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4
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Godino N, Pfisterer F, Gerling T, Guernth-Marschner C, Duschl C, Kirschbaum M. Combining dielectrophoresis and computer vision for precise and fully automated single-cell handling and analysis. LAB ON A CHIP 2019; 19:4016-4020. [PMID: 31746875 DOI: 10.1039/c9lc00800d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
With the advent of single-cell technologies comes the necessity for efficient protocols to process single cells. We combine dielectrophoresis with open source computer vision programming to automatically control the trajectories of single cells inside a microfluidic device. Using real-time image analysis, individual cells are automatically selected, isolated and spatially arranged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neus Godino
- Fraunhofer IZI-BB, Am Muehlenberg 13, 14476 Potsdam, Germany.
| | - Felix Pfisterer
- Fraunhofer IZI-BB, Am Muehlenberg 13, 14476 Potsdam, Germany.
| | - Tobias Gerling
- Fraunhofer IZI-BB, Am Muehlenberg 13, 14476 Potsdam, Germany.
| | | | - Claus Duschl
- Fraunhofer IZI-BB, Am Muehlenberg 13, 14476 Potsdam, Germany.
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Lindemann D, Westerwalbesloh C, Kohlheyer D, Grünberger A, von Lieres E. Microbial single-cell growth response at defined carbon limiting conditions. RSC Adv 2019; 9:14040-14050. [PMID: 35519298 PMCID: PMC9064036 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra02454a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Using microfluidic single-cell cultivation technologies and modelling we examined how single-cell growth at defined carbon conditions, ranging from strongly limiting conditions to a carbon surplus, influenced cell-to-cell variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorina Lindemann
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences
- IBG-1: Biotechnology
- Forschungszentrum Jülich
- Jülich 52425
- Germany
| | | | - Dietrich Kohlheyer
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences
- IBG-1: Biotechnology
- Forschungszentrum Jülich
- Jülich 52425
- Germany
| | - Alexander Grünberger
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences
- IBG-1: Biotechnology
- Forschungszentrum Jülich
- Jülich 52425
- Germany
| | - Eric von Lieres
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences
- IBG-1: Biotechnology
- Forschungszentrum Jülich
- Jülich 52425
- Germany
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Gilmore J, Islam M, Duncan J, Natu R, Martinez-Duarte R. Assessing the importance of the root mean square (RMS) value of different waveforms to determine the strength of a dielectrophoresis trapping force. Electrophoresis 2017; 38:2561-2564. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201600551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jordon Gilmore
- Multiscale Manufacturing Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering; Clemson University; Clemson SC, USA
| | - Monsur Islam
- Multiscale Manufacturing Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering; Clemson University; Clemson SC, USA
| | - Josie Duncan
- Multiscale Manufacturing Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering; Clemson University; Clemson SC, USA
| | - Rucha Natu
- Multiscale Manufacturing Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering; Clemson University; Clemson SC, USA
| | - Rodrigo Martinez-Duarte
- Multiscale Manufacturing Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering; Clemson University; Clemson SC, USA
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7
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Cell Monitoring and Manipulation Systems (CMMSs) based on Glass Cell-Culture Chips (GC³s). MICROMACHINES 2016; 7:mi7070106. [PMID: 30404280 PMCID: PMC6190263 DOI: 10.3390/mi7070106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Revised: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
We developed different types of glass cell-culture chips (GC3s) for culturing cells for microscopic observation in open media-containing troughs or in microfluidic structures. Platinum sensor and manipulation structures were used to monitor physiological parameters and to allocate and permeabilize cells. Electro-thermal micro pumps distributed chemical compounds in the microfluidic systems. The integrated temperature sensors showed a linear, Pt1000-like behavior. Cell adhesion and proliferation were monitored using interdigitated electrode structures (IDESs). The cell-doubling times of primary murine embryonic neuronal cells (PNCs) were determined based on the IDES capacitance-peak shifts. The electrical activity of PNC networks was detected using multi-electrode arrays (MEAs). During seeding, the cells were dielectrophoretically allocated to individual MEAs to improve network structures. MEA pads with diameters of 15, 20, 25, and 35 µm were tested. After 3 weeks, the magnitudes of the determined action potentials were highest for pads of 25 µm in diameter and did not differ when the inter-pad distances were 100 or 170 µm. Using 25-µm diameter circular oxygen electrodes, the signal currents in the cell-culture media were found to range from approximately −0.08 nA (0% O2) to −2.35 nA (21% O2). It was observed that 60-nm thick silicon nitride-sensor layers were stable potentiometric pH sensors under cell-culture conditions for periods of days. Their sensitivity between pH 5 and 9 was as high as 45 mV per pH step. We concluded that sensorized GC3s are potential animal replacement systems for purposes such as toxicity pre-screening. For example, the effect of mefloquine, a medication used to treat malaria, on the electrical activity of neuronal cells was determined in this study using a GC3 system.
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8
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Cheng IF, Huang WL, Chen TY, Liu CW, Lin YD, Su WC. Antibody-free isolation of rare cancer cells from blood based on 3D lateral dielectrophoresis. LAB ON A CHIP 2015; 15:2950-9. [PMID: 26085231 DOI: 10.1039/c5lc00120j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
We present an antibody-free approach for the high-purity and high-throughput dielectrophoretic (DEP) isolation of circulating tumour cells (CTCs) from blood in a microfluidic chip. A hydrodynamic sheath flow is designed upstream in the chip to direct the suspension samples to the channel side walls, thus providing a queue to allow DEP-induced lateral displacements. High-throughput continuous cancer cell sorting (maximum flow rate: ~2.4 mL h(-1), linear velocity: ~4 mm s(-1)) is achieved with a sustained 3D lateral DEP (LDEP) particle force normal to the continuous through-flow. This design allows the continuous fractionation of micro/nanosized particles into different downstream subchannels based on the differences in their different critical negative DEP strengths/mobilities. The main advantage of this separation strategy is that increasing the channel length can effectively increase the throughput proportionally. The effective separation of rare cancer cells (<0.001%) from diluted human blood in a handheld chip is demonstrated. An enrichment factor of 10(5) and a recovery rate of ~85% from a 0.001% cancer cell sample are achieved at an optimal flow rate of 20 μL min(-1) passing through a 6 cm long LDEP channel with an appropriate voltage at a frequency of 10 kHz. A higher throughput of 2.4 mL h(-1) is also achieved with a 13 cm long metal-based microchannel.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Fang Cheng
- National Nano Device Laboratories, National Applied Research Laboratories, Tainan, Taiwan.
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9
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Novickij V, Grainys A, Novickij J. Contactless dielectrophoretic manipulation of biological cells using pulsed magnetic fields. IET Nanobiotechnol 2014; 8:118-22. [DOI: 10.1049/iet-nbt.2012.0039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Vitalij Novickij
- High Magnetic Field LaboratoryVilnius Gediminas Technical UniversityNaugarduko g. 4103227 VilniusLithuania
| | - Audrius Grainys
- High Magnetic Field LaboratoryVilnius Gediminas Technical UniversityNaugarduko g. 4103227 VilniusLithuania
| | - Jurij Novickij
- High Magnetic Field LaboratoryVilnius Gediminas Technical UniversityNaugarduko g. 4103227 VilniusLithuania
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10
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Tengfei Z, Chaohui W, Dong N, Weitao J, Yongsheng S, Lei Y, Bangdao C, Hongzhong L, Yucheng D. Exploitation of surface acoustic waves to drive nanoparticle concentration within an electrification-dependent droplet. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra07090a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
When SSAW propagates into microlitre droplets, two forces act on the particles. We obtain patterned particles by changing the DEP force.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Tengfei
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710049, People's Republic of China
| | - Wang Chaohui
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710049, People's Republic of China
| | - Niu Dong
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710049, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiang Weitao
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710049, People's Republic of China
| | - Shi Yongsheng
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710049, People's Republic of China
| | - Yin Lei
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710049, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Bangdao
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710049, People's Republic of China
| | - Liu Hongzhong
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710049, People's Republic of China
| | - Ding Yucheng
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710049, People's Republic of China
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11
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In situ SERS probing of nano-silver coated individual yeast cells. Biosens Bioelectron 2013; 49:536-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2013.05.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2013] [Revised: 05/20/2013] [Accepted: 05/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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12
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Abonnenc M, Borgatti M, Fabbri E, Gavioli R, Fortini C, Destro F, Altomare L, Manaresi N, Medoro G, Romani A, Tartagni M, Lo Monaco E, Giacomini P, Guerrieri R, Gambari R. Lysis-on-Chip of Single Target Cells following Forced Interaction with CTLs or NK Cells on a Dielectrophoresis-Based Array. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 191:3545-52. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1300890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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13
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Lopez-de la Fuente MS, Moncada-Hernandez H, Perez-Gonzalez VH, Lapizco-Encinas BH, Martinez-Chapa SO. An electric stimulation system for electrokinetic particle manipulation in microfluidic devices. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2013; 84:035103. [PMID: 23556848 DOI: 10.1063/1.4793559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic devices have grown significantly in the number of applications. Microfabrication techniques have evolved considerably; however, electric stimulation systems for microdevices have not advanced at the same pace. Electric stimulation of micro-fluidic devices is an important element in particle manipulation research. A flexible stimulation instrument is desired to perform configurable, repeatable, automated, and reliable experiments by allowing users to select the stimulation parameters. The instrument presented here is a configurable and programmable stimulation system for electrokinetic-driven microfluidic devices; it consists of a processor, a memory system, and a user interface to deliver several types of waveforms and stimulation patterns. It has been designed to be a flexible, highly configurable, low power instrument capable of delivering sine, triangle, and sawtooth waveforms with one single frequency or two superimposed frequencies ranging from 0.01 Hz to 40 kHz, and an output voltage of up to 30 Vpp. A specific stimulation pattern can be delivered over a single time period or as a sequence of different signals for different time periods. This stimulation system can be applied as a research tool where manipulation of particles suspended in liquid media is involved, such as biology, medicine, environment, embryology, and genetics. This system has the potential to lead to new schemes for laboratory procedures by allowing application specific and user defined electric stimulation. The development of this device is a step towards portable and programmable instrumentation for electric stimulation on electrokinetic-based microfluidic devices, which are meant to be integrated with lab-on-a-chip devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Lopez-de la Fuente
- Electrical and Computer Engineering, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Nuevo Leon 64849, Mexico.
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Fritzsch FSO, Rosenthal K, Kampert A, Howitz S, Dusny C, Blank LM, Schmid A. Picoliter nDEP traps enable time-resolved contactless single bacterial cell analysis in controlled microenvironments. LAB ON A CHIP 2013; 13:397-408. [PMID: 23223864 DOI: 10.1039/c2lc41092c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We present a lab-on-a-chip device, the Envirostat 2.0, which allows for the first time contactless cultivation of a single bacterial cell by negative dielectrophoresis (nDEP) in a precisely controllable microenvironment. Stable trapping in perfusing growth medium was achieved by a miniaturization of octupole electrode geometries, matching the dimensions of bacteria. Temperature sensitive fluorescent measurements showed that these reductions of microelectrode distances led to reduced Joule heating during cell manipulation. The presented miniaturization is not possible with conventional manufacturing processes. Therefore, we present a novel bonding technology, which permits miniaturization of 3D octupole electrode geometry with biocompatible materials. To exclude the influence of other cells and to enable sampling of perfusion medium from the isolated living bacterium under study, computer aided flow simulations were used to develop a microfluidic nDEP isolation procedure. The developed microchannel and microelectrode design integrates for the first time well characterized nDEP cell sorting mechanisms and time-resolved contactless single bacterial cell cultivation in a 1.7 picoliter bioreactor system. The cell type independent trapping is demonstrated with singularized Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Corynebacterium glutamicum and other industrially relevant microbes. The static and precisely controlled microenvironment resulted in a consistent and significant faster growth compared to maximal growth rates observed on population level. Preventing the influence of surfaces and cell-cell interactions, the Envirostat 2.0 chip permits total microenvironmental control by the experimenter and therefore provides major opportunities for microfluidic based cell analysis of bacteria and small eukaryotes.
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15
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Forslund E, Guldevall K, Olofsson PE, Frisk T, Christakou AE, Wiklund M, Önfelt B. Novel Microchip-Based Tools Facilitating Live Cell Imaging and Assessment of Functional Heterogeneity within NK Cell Populations. Front Immunol 2012; 3:300. [PMID: 23060879 PMCID: PMC3464457 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2012.00300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2012] [Accepted: 09/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Each individual has a heterogeneous pool of NK cells consisting of cells that may be specialized towards specific functional responses such as secretion of cytokines or killing of tumor cells. Many conventional methods are not fit to characterize heterogeneous populations as they measure the average response of all cells. Thus, there is a need for experimental platforms that provide single cell resolution. In addition, there are transient and stochastic variations in functional responses at the single cell level, calling for methods that allow studies of many events over extended periods of time. This paper presents a versatile microchip platform enabling long-term microscopic studies of individual NK cells interacting with target cells. Each microchip contains an array of microwells, optimized for medium or high-resolution time-lapse imaging of single or multiple NK and target cells, or for screening of thousands of isolated NK-target cell interactions. Individual NK cells confined with target cells in small microwells is a suitable setup for high-content screening and rapid assessment of heterogeneity within populations, while microwells of larger dimensions are appropriate for studies of NK cell migration and sequential interactions with multiple target cells. By combining the chip technology with ultrasonic manipulation, NK and target cells can be forced to interact and positioned with high spatial accuracy within individual microwells. This setup effectively and synchronously creates NK-target conjugates at hundreds of parallel positions in the microchip. Thus, this facilitates assessment of temporal aspects of NK-target cell interactions, e.g., conjugation, immune synapse formation, and cytotoxic events. The microchip platform presented here can be used to effectively address questions related to fundamental functions of NK cells that can lead to better understanding of how the behavior of individual cells add up to give a functional response at the population level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elin Forslund
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska InstituteStockholm, Sweden
| | - Karolin Guldevall
- Department of Applied Physics, KTH – Royal Institute of TechnologyStockholm, Sweden
| | - Per E. Olofsson
- Department of Applied Physics, KTH – Royal Institute of TechnologyStockholm, Sweden
| | - Thomas Frisk
- Department of Applied Physics, KTH – Royal Institute of TechnologyStockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Martin Wiklund
- Department of Applied Physics, KTH – Royal Institute of TechnologyStockholm, Sweden
| | - Björn Önfelt
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska InstituteStockholm, Sweden
- Department of Applied Physics, KTH – Royal Institute of TechnologyStockholm, Sweden
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16
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Bocchi M, Rambelli L, Faenza A, Giulianelli L, Pecorari N, Duqi E, Gallois JC, Guerrieri R. Inverted open microwells for cell trapping, cell aggregate formation and parallel recovery of live cells. LAB ON A CHIP 2012; 12:3168-76. [PMID: 22767321 DOI: 10.1039/c2lc40124j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The inverted open microwell is a novel microstructure supporting isolation and trapping of cells, analysis of cell-cell and cell-molecule interactions and functional cell sorting. This work introduces the inverted open microwell concept, demonstrating successful isolation of K562 cells in 75 μm microwells fabricated on a flexible printed circuit board substrate, and recovery of viable cells onto standard microtiter plates after analysis and manipulation. Dielectrophoresis (DEP) was used during the delivery phase to control cell access to the microwell and force the formation of cell aggregates so as to ensure cell-cell contact and interaction. Cells were trapped at the air-fluid interface at the bottom edge of the open microwell. Once trapped, cells were retained on the meniscus even after DEP de-activation and fluid was exchanged to enable perfusion of nutrients and delivery of molecules to the microwell, as demonstrated by a calcein-staining protocol performed in the microsystem. Finally, cell viability was assessed on trapped cells by a calcein release assay and cell proliferation was demonstrated after multiple cells had been recovered in parallel onto standard microtiter plates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Bocchi
- MindSeeds Laboratories, Via Fondazza 53, I-40125, Bologna, Italy.
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17
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Isolated microbial single cells and resulting micropopulations grow faster in controlled environments. Appl Environ Microbiol 2012; 78:7132-6. [PMID: 22820335 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01624-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Singularized cells of Pichia pastoris, Hansenula polymorpha, and Corynebacterium glutamicum displayed specific growth rates under chemically and physically constant conditions that were consistently higher than those obtained in populations. This highlights the importance of single-cell analyses by uncoupling physiology and the extracellular environment, which is now possible using the Envirostat 2.0 concept.
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18
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Zhu Z, Frey O, Ottoz DS, Rudolf F, Hierlemann A. Microfluidic single-cell cultivation chip with controllable immobilization and selective release of yeast cells. LAB ON A CHIP 2012; 12:906-15. [PMID: 22193373 DOI: 10.1039/c2lc20911j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
We present a microfluidic cell-culture chip that enables trapping, cultivation and release of selected individual cells. The chip is fabricated by a simple hybrid glass-SU-8-PDMS approach, which produces a completely transparent microfluidic system amenable to optical inspection. Single cells are trapped in a microfluidic channel using mild suction at defined cell immobilization orifices, where they are cultivated under controlled environmental conditions. Cells of interest can be individually and independently released for further downstream analysis by applying a negative dielectrophoretic force via the respective electrodes located at each immobilization site. The combination of hydrodynamic cell-trapping and dielectrophoretic methods for cell releasing enables highly versatile single-cell manipulation in an array-based format. Computational fluid dynamics simulations were performed to estimate the properties of the system during cell trapping and releasing. Polystyrene beads and yeast cells have been used to investigate and characterize the different functions and to demonstrate biological compatibility and viability of the platform for single-cell applications in research areas such as systems biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhu
- ETH Zurich, Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering (D-BSSE), Bio Engineering Laboratory (BEL), Basel, Switzerland.
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19
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Gielen F, deMello AJ, Edel JB. Dielectric cell response in highly conductive buffers. Anal Chem 2012; 84:1849-53. [PMID: 22148418 DOI: 10.1021/ac2022103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
We present a novel method for the identification of live and dead T-cells, dynamically flowing within highly conductive buffers. This technique discriminates between live and dead (heat treated) cells on the basis of dielectric properties variations. The key advantage of this technique lies in its operational simplicity, since cells do not have to be resuspended in isotonic low conductivity media. Herein, we demonstrate that at 40 MHz, we are able to statistically distinguish between live and dead cell populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrice Gielen
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
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20
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BOETTCHER MICHAEL, JAEGER MAGNUSS, RIEGGER LUTZ, DUCRÉE JENS, ZENGERLE ROLAND, DUSCHL CLAUS. LAB-ON-CHIP-BASED CELL SEPARATION BY COMBINING DIELECTROPHORESIS AND CENTRIFUGATION. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1142/s1793048006000306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Cell-based approaches in medicine, biotechnology and in pharmaceutical research offer unique prospects to cope with future challenges in the field of public health. Stem cell research, autologous cell therapies and tissue engineering are only a few possible key applications. Progress in these fields will depend on the successful implementation of versatile and flexible tools for the gentle manipulation and characterization of cells. In recent years, we and others have introduced microfluidic lab-on-chip systems that include dielectrophoretic elements for the contact-less handling and the analysis of cells. Here, we present results that were obtained by combining our labon-on-chip devices with a low-cost centrifugation stage for the efficient and gentle separation of microparticles and live human cells. Our approach is supposed to overcome limitations that arise from the use of bulky and expensive external pumping stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- MICHAEL BOETTCHER
- Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Invalidenstrasse 42, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - MAGNUS S. JAEGER
- Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Invalidenstrasse 42, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - LUTZ RIEGGER
- University of Freiburg, Department of Microsystems Engineering, Laboratory for MEMS Applications, G.-Koehler-Allee 106, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - JENS DUCRÉE
- Institut fuer Mikro- und Informationstechnik der Hahn-Schickard-Gesellschaft, W.-Schickard-Strasse 10, 78052 Villingen-Schwenningen, Germany
| | - ROLAND ZENGERLE
- University of Freiburg, Department of Microsystems Engineering, Laboratory for MEMS Applications, G.-Koehler-Allee 106, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - CLAUS DUSCHL
- Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Invalidenstrasse 42, 10115 Berlin, Germany
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21
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Khoshmanesh K, Nahavandi S, Baratchi S, Mitchell A, Kalantar-zadeh K. Dielectrophoretic platforms for bio-microfluidic systems. Biosens Bioelectron 2011; 26:1800-14. [PMID: 20933384 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2010.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2010] [Revised: 09/08/2010] [Accepted: 09/08/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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22
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Moschallski M, Hausmann M, Posch A, Paulus A, Kunz N, Duong TT, Angres B, Fuchsberger K, Steuer H, Stoll D, Werner S, Hagmeyer B, Stelzle M. MicroPrep: Chip-based dielectrophoretic purification of mitochondria. Electrophoresis 2010; 31:2655-63. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201000097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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23
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Lombardini M, Bocchi M, Rambelli L, Giulianelli L, Guerrieri R. Horizontal nDEP cages within open microwell arrays for precise positioning of cells and particles. LAB ON A CHIP 2010; 10:1204-1207. [PMID: 20390141 DOI: 10.1039/b923567a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We present the structure of an open microwell, i.e. a microwell open at both the top and bottom ends, which enables single-cells to be handled, processed and recovered after the experiment. The microwell has a novel architecture which allows particles to be trapped and forced to interact by means of a cylindrical negative dielectrophoretic cage. Particles are aligned along a horizontal axis where the electric field minimum is placed. Arrays of open microwells are fabricated using flexible printed circuit board (PCB) technology providing cheap and disposable devices. Levitation and precise positioning of both polystyrene beads and K562 cells were experimented, confirming the results of physical simulations. Assessment of cell viability after 20 min exposure to the electric field was performed through a standard calcein-release assay.
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24
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Label-free cellular manipulation and sorting via biocompatible ferrofluids. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2009; 106:21478-83. [PMID: 19995975 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0912138106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a simple microfluidic platform that uses biocompatible ferrofluids for the controlled manipulation and rapid separation of both microparticles and live cells. This low-cost platform exploits differences in particle size, shape, and elasticity to achieve rapid and efficient separation. Using microspheres, we demonstrate size-based separation with 99% separation efficiency and sub-10-microm resolution in <45 s. We also show continuous manipulation and shape-based separation of live red blood cells from sickle cells and bacteria. These initial demonstrations reveal the potential of ferromicrofluidics in significantly reducing incubation times and increasing diagnostic sensitivity in cellular assays through rapid separation and delivery of target cells to sensor arrays.
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25
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Kortmann H, Kurth F, Blank LM, Dittrich PS, Schmid A. Towards real time analysis of protein secretion from single cells. LAB ON A CHIP 2009; 9:3047-9. [PMID: 19823717 DOI: 10.1039/b908679j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik Kortmann
- ISAS Dortmund, Bunsen-Kirchhoff-Str. 11, D-44139 Dortmund, Germany
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26
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Fabrication and evaluation of a ratchet type dielectrophoretic device for particle analysis. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:9063-70. [PMID: 19931864 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.10.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2009] [Revised: 10/15/2009] [Accepted: 10/23/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Dielectrophoresis is an electrokinetic phenomenon that utilizes an asymmetric electric field to separate analytes based on differences in their polarizabilities relative to that of the suspending medium. One dielectrophoretic device architecture that offers interesting possibilities for particle transport without the use of external flow is the ratchet geometry. This paper describes the fabrication and evaluation of a novel dielectrophoretic ratchet device using a series of fine particles as test probes. The asymmetrical electric field required to selectively transport target analytes was produced using electroformed electrodes which offer the possibility of reducing convective heating and which can be used to construct a device in which all particles located within the fluidic channel are exposed to the applied field. Initial tests of this device were conducted using magnetite and polystyrene fine particles to demonstrate selective particle collection and a separation based on differences in the electrical properties of the analytes employed.
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27
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Kortmann H, Blank LM, Schmid A. A rapid, reliable, and automatable lab-on-a-chip interface. LAB ON A CHIP 2009; 9:1455-1460. [PMID: 19417914 DOI: 10.1039/b820183h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We present a prototype for a universal world-to-chip interface for electrical and fluidic connections to lab-on-a-chip devices. The concept is based on spring supported connections to secure and define the contact force for each wire and tubing. We demonstrate the functionality of a manual system and propose the design of an automated system. The new interface provides several useful characteristics: A reliable and reversible leak-free connection is rapidly achieved. The fluidic interface sealed a PMMA chip up to a maximal pressure of 2,070 kPa and reliably connected a six port glass chip. Damage during chip assembly is prevented by an easy handling procedure in combination with adjustable and reproducible contact forces. Destructive fluid overpressure during chip operation is avoided by the relief valve functionality of the interface. The compression based setup is easily adaptable to other chip designs. It is biocompatible and can be used for analytical measurements due to the exclusive use of certified materials and its adhesive free design. The new interface overcomes one of the main obstacles in miniaturization, the connection of the lab-on-a-chip device with the macro world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik Kortmann
- ISAS - Institute for Analytical Sciences, Bunsen-Kirchhoff-Str. 11, D-44139, Dortmund, Germany
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28
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Tosi A, Mazzitelli S, Capretto L, Guerrieri R, Nastruzzi C. Optimization of lipospheres production by factorial design and their performances on a dielectrophoretic lab-on-a-chip platform. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2009.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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29
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Cui HH, Lim KM. Pillar array microtraps with negative dielectrophoresis. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2009; 25:3336-3339. [PMID: 19708133 DOI: 10.1021/la803761f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We present a microfluidic particle-trap array that utilizes negative dielectrophoresis (nDEP) force and hydrodynamic force. The traps are located at the stagnation points of cylindrical pillars arranged in a regular array, and they can function as both single-particle traps (capable of discriminating particles based on size) and multiparticle traps (capable of controlling the number of particles trapped). By adjusting the relative strength of the nDEP and hydrodynamic forces, we are able to control the number of trapped particles accurately. We have used 5 microm polystyrene beads to validate and demonstrate the capability of this new particle-trap design. Pulsed nDEP was used to increase the selectivity and stability. Good correlation between simulation and the experimental results was obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Hang Cui
- Singapore-MIT Alliance and Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119260.
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30
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Kortmann H, Chasanis P, Blank LM, Franzke J, Kenig EY, Schmid A. The Envirostat - a new bioreactor concept. LAB ON A CHIP 2009; 9:576-85. [PMID: 19190793 DOI: 10.1039/b809150a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
One major goal of biology is to provide a quantitative description of cellular physiology. This task is complicated by population effects, which perturb culture conditions and mask the behavior of the individual cell. To overcome these limitations, the construction and operation of a microfluidic bioreactor is presented. The new reactor concept guarantees constant environmental conditions and single cell resolution, thus it was named Envirostat (environment, constant). In the Envirostat, cells are contactless trapped by negative dielectrophoresis (nDEP) and cultivated in a constant medium flow. To control chip temperature, a Peltier device was constructed. Joule heating by nDEP was quantified with Rhodamine B in dependence of applied voltage, field mode, medium conductivity, and flow velocity. The integration of the Joule heating effect in the temperature control allowed setting and maintaining the cultivation temperature. For single cell cultivation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, medium composition changes below 0.001% were estimated by computational fluid dynamic simulation. These changes were considered not to influence cell physiology. Finally, single S. cerevisiae cells were cultivated for more than four generations in the Envirostat, thus showing the applicability of the new reactor concept. The Envirostat facilitates single cell research and might simplify the investigation of hitherto difficult to access biological phenomena such as the true regulatory and physiological response to genetic and environmental perturbations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik Kortmann
- ISAS - Institute for Analytical Sciences, Bunsen-Kirchhoff-Str. 11, D-44139, Dortmund, Germany
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31
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Kortmann H, Blank LM, Schmid A. Single cell analysis reveals unexpected growth phenotype ofS. cerevisiae. Cytometry A 2009; 75:130-9. [DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.20684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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32
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Manneberg O, Melker Hagsäter S, Svennebring J, Hertz HM, Kutter JP, Bruus H, Wiklund M. Spatial confinement of ultrasonic force fields in microfluidic channels. ULTRASONICS 2009; 49:112-9. [PMID: 18701122 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2008.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2008] [Revised: 06/09/2008] [Accepted: 06/19/2008] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate and investigate multiple localized ultrasonic manipulation functions in series in microfluidic chips. The manipulation functions are based on spatially separated and confined ultrasonic primary radiation force fields, obtained by local matching of the resonance condition of the microfluidic channel. The channel segments are remotely actuated by the use of frequency-specific external transducers with refracting wedges placed on top of the chips. The force field in each channel segment is characterized by the use of micrometer-resolution particle image velocimetry (micro-PIV). The confinement of the ultrasonic fields during single- or dual-segment actuation, as well as the cross-talk between two adjacent fields, is characterized and quantified. Our results show that the field confinement typically scales with the acoustic wavelength, and that the cross-talk is insignificant between adjacent fields. The goal is to define design strategies for implementing several spatially separated ultrasonic manipulation functions in series for use in advanced particle or cell handling and processing applications. One such proof-of-concept application is demonstrated, where flow-through-mode operation of a chip with flow splitting elements is used for two-dimensional pre-alignment and addressable merging of particle tracks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Otto Manneberg
- Biomedical and X-ray Physics, Royal Institute of Technology, KTH-AlbaNova, Stockholm, Sweden
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33
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Lateral-flow particle filtration and separation with multilayer microfluidic channels. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1116/1.3258155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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34
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Kurth F, Schumann C, Blank L, Schmid A, Manz A, Dittrich P. Bilayer microfluidic chip for diffusion-controlled activation of yeast species. J Chromatogr A 2008; 1206:77-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.07.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2008] [Revised: 07/01/2008] [Accepted: 07/11/2008] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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35
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Nascimento EM, Nogueira N, Silva T, Braschler T, Demierre N, Renaud P, Oliva AG. Dielectrophoretic sorting on a microfabricated flow cytometer: Label free separation of Babesia bovis infected erythrocytes. Bioelectrochemistry 2008; 73:123-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2008.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2007] [Revised: 03/12/2008] [Accepted: 04/07/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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36
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Kirschbaum M, Jaeger MS, Schenkel T, Breinig T, Meyerhans A, Duschl C. T cell activation on a single-cell level in dielectrophoresis-based microfluidic devices. J Chromatogr A 2008; 1202:83-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2008] [Revised: 06/11/2008] [Accepted: 06/17/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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37
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Markx GH. The use of electric fields in tissue engineering: A review. Organogenesis 2008; 4:11-7. [PMID: 19279709 PMCID: PMC2634173 DOI: 10.4161/org.5799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2008] [Accepted: 02/26/2008] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of electric fields for measuring cell and tissue properties has a long history. However, the exploration of the use of electric fields in tissue engineering is only very recent. A review is given of the various methods by which electric fields may be used in tissue engineering, concentrating on the assembly of artificial tissues from its component cells using electrokinetics. A comparison is made of electrokinetic techniques with other physical cell manipulation techniques which can be used in the construction of artificial tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerard H Markx
- School of Engineering and Physical Sciences; Heriot-Watt University; Riccarton; Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
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38
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Jaeger MS, Uhlig K, Clausen-Schaumann H, Duschl C. The structure and functionality of contractile forisome protein aggregates. Biomaterials 2008; 29:247-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2007.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2007] [Accepted: 09/18/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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39
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Boettcher M, Jaeger M, Kirschbaum M, Mueller T, Schnelle T, Duschl C. Gravitation-driven stress-reduced cell handling. Anal Bioanal Chem 2007; 390:857-63. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-007-1751-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2007] [Revised: 10/25/2007] [Accepted: 11/12/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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40
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Thwar PK, Linderman JJ, Burns MA. Electrodeless direct current dielectrophoresis using reconfigurable field-shaping oil barriers. Electrophoresis 2007; 28:4572-81. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200700373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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41
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Mittal N, Rosenthal A, Voldman J. nDEP microwells for single-cell patterning in physiological media. LAB ON A CHIP 2007; 7:1146-53. [PMID: 17713613 DOI: 10.1039/b706342c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
We present a novel technique to accurately position single cells on a substrate using negative dielectrophoresis and cell-substrate adhesion. The cells are suspended in physiological media throughout the patterning process. We also verify the biocompatibility of this method by demonstrating that the patterned cells proliferate and show normal morphology. We calculate the temperatures and transmembrane potential that cells in the device experience and compare them to physiologically acceptable levels described in previous studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil Mittal
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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42
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Automated sorting of genetically engineered embryonic stem cells for generation of mouse models. Nat Methods 2007. [DOI: 10.1038/nmeth994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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43
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Hultström J, Manneberg O, Dopf K, Hertz HM, Brismar H, Wiklund M. Proliferation and viability of adherent cells manipulated by standing-wave ultrasound in a microfluidic chip. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2007; 33:145-51. [PMID: 17189057 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2006.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2006] [Revised: 06/27/2006] [Accepted: 07/13/2006] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasonic-standing-wave (USW) technology has potential to become a standard method for gentle and contactless cell handling in microfluidic chips. We investigate the viability of adherent cells exposed to USWs by studying the proliferation rate of recultured cells following ultrasonic trapping and aggregation of low cell numbers in a microfluidic chip. The cells form 2-D aggregates inside the chip and the aggregates are held against a continuous flow of cell culture medium perpendicular to the propagation direction of the standing wave. No deviations in the doubling time from expected values (24 to 48 h) were observed for COS-7 cells held in the trap at acoustic pressure amplitudes up to 0.85 MPa and for times ranging between 30 and 75 min. Thus, the results demonstrate the potential of ultrasonic standing waves as a tool for gentle manipulation of low cell numbers in microfluidic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Hultström
- Department of Applied Physics, Biomedical and X-Ray Physics, KTH/Albanova, Stockholm, Sweden.
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44
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Wiklund M, Günther C, Lemor R, Jäger M, Fuhr G, Hertz HM. Ultrasonic standing wave manipulation technology integrated into a dielectrophoretic chip. LAB ON A CHIP 2006; 6:1537-44. [PMID: 17203158 DOI: 10.1039/b612064b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Several cell-based biological applications in microfluidic systems require simultaneous high-throughput and individual handling of cells or other bioparticles. Available chip-based tools for contactless manipulation are designed for either high-precision handling of individual particles, or high-throughput handling of ensembles of particles. In order to simultaneously perform both, we have combined two manipulation technologies based on ultrasonic standing waves (USWs) and dielectrophoresis (DEP) in a microfluidic chip. The principle is based on the competition between long-range ultrasonic forces, short-range dielectrophoretic forces and viscous drag forces from the fluid flow. The ultrasound is coupled into the microchannel resonator by an external transducer with a refractive element placed on top of the chip, thereby allowing transmission light microscopy to continuously monitor the biological process. The DEP manipulation is generated by an electric field between co-planar microelectrodes placed on the bottom surface of the fluid channel. We demonstrate flexible and gentle elementary manipulation functions by the use of USWs and linear or curved DEP deflector elements that can be used in high-throughput biotechnology applications of individual cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Wiklund
- Biomedical and X-Ray Physics, Royal Institute of Technology, KTH-AlbaNova, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
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45
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Oh SH, Lee SH, Kenrick SA, Daugherty PS, Soh HT. Microfluidic Protein Detection through Genetically Engineered Bacterial Cells. J Proteome Res 2006; 5:3433-7. [PMID: 17137345 DOI: 10.1021/pr060193a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Protein microarray technology, in which a large number of capture ligands are spatially arrayed at a high density, presents an attractive method for high-throughput proteomic analysis. Toward this end, we demonstrate the first cell-based protein detection in a microsystem, wherein Escherichia coli cells are genetically engineered to express the desired capture proteins on the membrane surface and are spatially arrayed as sensing elements in a microfluidic device. An E. coli clone expressing peptide ligands with high affinity and high specificity for target molecules was isolated a priori. Then these cells were electrokinetically immobilized on gold electrodes using dielectrophoresis, thus allowing each sensor element to be electrically addressable. Flow cytometry and subsequent fluorescence analysis verified the highly specific capture and detection of target molecules by the bacteria. Finally, through the coexpression of peptide-based capture ligands on the cell surface and fluorescent protein in the cytoplasm, we demonstrate an effective means of directly linking the fluorescence intensity to the density of capture ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Hyun Oh
- California Nanosystems Institute and Biomolecular Science and Engineering Program, University of California-Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
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46
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Wiklund M, Hertz HM. Ultrasonic enhancement of bead-based bioaffinity assays. LAB ON A CHIP 2006; 6:1279-92. [PMID: 17102841 DOI: 10.1039/b609184a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasonic radiation forces can be used for non-intrusive manipulation and concentration of suspended micrometer-sized particles. For bioanalytical purposes, standing-wave ultrasound has long been used for rapid immuno-agglutination of functionalized latex beads. More recently, detection methods based on laser-scanning fluorometry and single-step homogeneous bead-based assays show promise for fast, easy and sensitive biochemical analysis. If such methods are combined with ultrasonic enhancement, detection limits in the femtomolar region are feasible. In this paper, we review the development of standing-wave ultrasonic manipulation for bioanalysis, with special emphasis on miniaturization and ultrasensitive bead-based immunoassays.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Wiklund
- Biomedical and X-Ray Physics, Royal Institute of Technology, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden.
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47
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Hu X, Bessette PH, Qian J, Meinhart CD, Daugherty PS, Soh HT. Marker-specific sorting of rare cells using dielectrophoresis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2005; 102:15757-61. [PMID: 16236724 PMCID: PMC1276091 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0507719102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 278] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Current techniques in high-speed cell sorting are limited by the inherent coupling among three competing parameters of performance: throughput, purity, and rare cell recovery. Microfluidics provides an alternate strategy to decouple these parameters through the use of arrayed devices that operate in parallel. To efficiently isolate rare cells from complex mixtures, an electrokinetic sorting methodology was developed that exploits dielectrophoresis (DEP) in microfluidic channels. In this approach, the dielectrophoretic amplitude response of rare target cells is modulated by labeling cells with particles that differ in polarization response. Cell mixtures were interrogated in the DEP-activated cell sorter in a continuous-flow manner, wherein the electric fields were engineered to achieve efficient separation between the dielectrophoretically labeled and unlabeled cells. To demonstrate the efficiency of marker-specific cell separation, DEP-activated cell sorting (DACS) was applied for affinity-based enrichment of rare bacteria expressing a specific surface marker from an excess of nontarget bacteria that do not express this marker. Rare target cells were enriched by >200-fold in a single round of sorting at a single-channel throughput of 10,000 cells per second. DACS offers the potential for automated, surface marker-specific cell sorting in a disposable format that is capable of simultaneously achieving high throughput, purity, and rare cell recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyuan Hu
- Institute for Collaborative Biotechnologies, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
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48
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Ferrari M, Cremonesi L, Bonini P, Stenirri S, Foglieni B. Molecular diagnostics by microelectronic microchips. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2005; 5:183-92. [PMID: 15833048 DOI: 10.1586/14737159.5.2.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Molecular diagnostics is being revolutionized by the development of highly advanced technologies for DNA and RNA testing. One of the most important challenges is the integration of microelectronics to microchip-based nucleic acid technologies. The specific characteristics of these microsystems make the miniaturization and automation of any step of a molecular diagnostic procedure possible. This review describes the application of microelectronics to all the processes involved in a genetic test, particularly to sample preparation, DNA amplification and sequence variation detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Ferrari
- IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Head of the Clinical Molecular Biology & Cytogenetics Laboratory, Diagnostica e Ricerca San Raffaele SPA, and Unit of Genomics for Diagnosis of Human Pathologies, via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy.
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49
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Seger-Sauli U, Panayiotou M, Schnydrig S, Jordan M, Renaud P. Temperature measurements in microfluidic systems: Heat dissipation of negative dielectrophoresis barriers. Electrophoresis 2005; 26:2239-46. [PMID: 15861466 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200410358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The manipulation of living biological cells in microfluidic channels by a combination of negative dielectrophoretic barriers and pressure-driven flows is widely employed in lab-on-a-chip systems. However, electric fields in conducting media induce Joule heating. This study investigates if the local temperatures reached under typical experimental conditions in miniaturized systems cause a potential risk for hyperthermic stress or cell damage. Two methods of optical in situ temperature detection have been tested and compared: (i) the exposure of the thermo-dependent fluorescent dye Rhodamine B to heat sources situated in microfluidic channels, and (ii) the use of thermoprecipitating N-alkyl-substituted acrylamide polymers as temperature threshold probes. Two-dimensional images of temperature distributions in the vicinity of active negative dielectrophoresis (nDEP)-barriers have been obtained and local temperature variations of more than 20 degrees C have been observed at the electrode edges. Heat propagation via both buffer and channel walls lead to significant temperature increases within a perimeter of 100 microm and more. These data indicate that power dissipation has to be taken into account when experiments at physiological temperatures are planned.
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50
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Korlach J, Reichle C, Müller T, Schnelle T, Webb WW. Trapping, deformation, and rotation of giant unilamellar vesicles in octode dielectrophoretic field cages. Biophys J 2005; 89:554-62. [PMID: 15863477 PMCID: PMC1366554 DOI: 10.1529/biophysj.104.050401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The behavior of freestanding lipid bilayer membranes under the influence of dielectric force potentials was studied by trapping, holding, and rotating individual giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) inside dielectrophoretic microfield cages. Using laser scanning confocal microscopy and three-dimensional image reconstructions of GUVs labeled with fluorescent membrane probes, field strength and frequency-dependent vesicle deformations were observed which are explained by calculations of the dielectric force potentials inside the cage. Dynamical membrane properties under the influence of the field cage were studied by fluorescence correlation spectroscopy, circumventing potential artifacts associated with measurements involving GUV immobilization on support surfaces. Lipid transport could be accelerated markedly by the applied fields, aided by hydrodynamic fluid streaming which was also studied by fluorescence correlation spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Korlach
- School of Applied & Engineering Physics, Clark Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
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