Feedback-Driven Sensory Mapping Adaptation for Robust Speech Activity Detection

Audio object classification using distributed beliefs and attention

One of the unique characteristics of human hearing is its ability to recognize acoustic objects even in presence of severe noise and distortions. In this work, we explore two mechanisms underlying this ability: 1) redundant mapping of acoustic waveforms along distributed latent representations and 2) adaptive feedback based on prior knowledge to selectively attend to targets of interest. We propose a bio-mimetic account of acoustic object classification by developing a novel distributed deep belief network validated for the task of robust acoustic object classification using the UrbanSound database. The proposed distributed belief network (DBN) encompasses an array of independent sub-networks trained generatively to capture different abstractions of natural sounds. A supervised classifier then performs a readout of this distributed mapping. The overall architecture not only matches the state of the art system for acoustic object classification but leads to significant improvement over the baseline in mismatched noisy conditions (31.4% relative improvement in 0dB conditions). Furthermore, we incorporate mechanisms of attentional feedback that allows the DBN to deploy local memories of sounds targets estimated at multiple views to bias network activation when attending to a particular object. This adaptive feedback results in further improvement of object classification in unseen noise conditions (relative improvement of 54% over the baseline in 0dB conditions).

Recent advances in exploring the neural underpinnings of auditory scene perception

Studies of auditory scene analysis have traditionally relied on paradigms using artificial sounds-and conventional behavioral techniques-to elucidate how we perceptually segregate auditory objects or streams from each other. In the past few decades, however, there has been growing interest in uncovering the neural underpinnings of auditory segregation using human and animal neuroscience techniques, as well as computational modeling. This largely reflects the growth in the fields of cognitive neuroscience and computational neuroscience and has led to new theories of how the auditory system segregates sounds in complex arrays. The current review focuses on neural and computational studies of auditory scene perception published in the last few years. Following the progress that has been made in these studies, we describe (1) theoretical advances in our understanding of the most well-studied aspects of auditory scene perception, namely segregation of sequential patterns of sounds and concurrently presented sounds; (2) the diversification of topics and paradigms that have been investigated; and (3) how new neuroscience techniques (including invasive neurophysiology in awake humans, genotyping, and brain stimulation) have been used in this field.