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Martín-Montero A, Gutiérrez-Tobal GC, Kheirandish-Gozal L, Jiménez-García J, Álvarez D, del Campo F, Gozal D, Hornero R. Heart rate variability spectrum characteristics in children with sleep apnea. Pediatr Res 2021; 89:1771-1779. [PMID: 32927472 PMCID: PMC7956022 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-020-01138-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Classic spectral analysis of heart rate variability (HRV) in pediatric sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (SAHS) traditionally evaluates the very low frequency (VLF: 0-0.04 Hz), low frequency (LF: 0.04-0.15 Hz), and high frequency (HF: 0.15-0.40 Hz) bands. However, specific SAHS-related frequency bands have not been explored. METHODS One thousand seven hundred and thirty-eight HRV overnight recordings from two pediatric databases (0-13 years) were evaluated. The first one (981 children) served as training set to define new HRV pediatric SAHS-related frequency bands. The associated relative power (RP) were computed in the test set, the Childhood Adenotonsillectomy Trial database (CHAT, 757 children). Their relationships with polysomnographic variables and diagnostic ability were assessed. RESULTS Two new specific spectral bands of pediatric SAHS within 0-0.15 Hz were related to duration of apneic events, number of awakenings, and wakefulness after sleep onset (WASO), while an adaptive individual-specific new band from HF was related to oxyhemoglobin desaturations, arousals, and WASO. Furthermore, these new spectral bands showed improved diagnostic ability than classic HRV. CONCLUSIONS Novel spectral bands provide improved characterization of pediatric SAHS. These findings may pioneer a better understanding of the effects of SAHS on cardiac function and potentially serve as detection biomarkers. IMPACT New specific heart rate variability (HRV) spectral bands are identified and characterized as potential biomarkers in pediatric sleep apnea. Spectral band BW1 (0.001-0.005 Hz) is related to macro sleep disruptions. Spectral band BW2 (0.028-0.074 Hz) is related to the duration of apneic events. An adaptive spectral band within the respiratory range, termed ABW3, is related to oxygen desaturations. The individual and collective diagnostic ability of these novel spectral bands outperforms classic HRV bands.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gonzalo C. Gutiérrez-Tobal
- Biomedical Engineering Group, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain.,CIBER-BBN, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Leila Kheirandish-Gozal
- Department of Child Health and The Child Health Research Institute, The University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri
| | | | - Daniel Álvarez
- Biomedical Engineering Group, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain.,CIBER-BBN, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Valladolid, Spain.,Sleep-Ventilation Unit, Pneumology Department, Río Hortega University Hospital, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Félix del Campo
- Biomedical Engineering Group, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain.,CIBER-BBN, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Valladolid, Spain.,Sleep-Ventilation Unit, Pneumology Department, Río Hortega University Hospital, Valladolid, Spain
| | - David Gozal
- Department of Child Health and The Child Health Research Institute, The University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Roberto Hornero
- Biomedical Engineering Group, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain.,CIBER-BBN, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Valladolid, Spain
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Yamuza MTV, Bolea J, Orini M, Laguna P, Orrite C, Vallverdu M, Bailon R. Human Emotion Characterization by Heart Rate Variability Analysis Guided by Respiration. IEEE J Biomed Health Inform 2019; 23:2446-2454. [DOI: 10.1109/jbhi.2019.2895589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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3
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Milagro J, Gracia-Tabuenca J, Seppa VP, Karjalainen J, Paassilta M, Orini M, Bailon R, Gil E, Viik J. Noninvasive Cardiorespiratory Signals Analysis for Asthma Evolution Monitoring in Preschool Children. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2019; 67:1863-1871. [PMID: 31670660 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2019.2949873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Despite its increasing prevalence, diagnosis of asthma in children remains problematic due to their difficulties in producing repeatable spirometric maneuvers. Moreover, low adherence to inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) treatment could result in permanent airway remodeling. The growing interest in a noninvasive and objective way for monitoring asthma, together with the apparent role of autonomic nervous system (ANS) in its pathogenesis, have attracted interest towards heart rate variability (HRV) and cardiorespiratory coupling (CRC) analyses. METHODS HRV and CRC were analyzed in 68 children who were prescribed ICS treatment due to recurrent obstructive bronchitis. They underwent three different electrocardiogram and respiratory signals recordings, during and after treatment period. After treatment completion, they were followed up during 6 months and classified attending to their current asthma status. RESULTS Vagal activity, as measured from HRV, and CRC, were reduced after treatment in those children at lower risk of asthma, whereas it kept unchanged in those with a worse prognosis. CONCLUSION Results suggest that HRV analysis could be useful for the continuous monitoring of ANS anomalies present in asthma, thus contributing to evaluate the evolution of the disease, which is especially challenging in young children. SIGNIFICANCE Noninvasive ANS assessment using HRV analysis could be useful in the continuous monitoring of asthma in children.
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Valderas MT, Bolea J, Laguna P, Bailón R, Vallverdú M. Mutual information between heart rate variability and respiration for emotion characterization. Physiol Meas 2019; 40:084001. [DOI: 10.1088/1361-6579/ab310a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Daoud M, Ravier P, Buttelli O. Use of cardiorespiratory coherence to separate spectral bands of the heart rate variability. Biomed Signal Process Control 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bspc.2018.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Czaplik M, Hochhausen N, Dohmeier H, Pereira CB, Rossaint R. Development of a "Thermal-Associated Pain Index" score using infrared-thermography for objective pain assessment. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2018; 2017:3831-3834. [PMID: 29060733 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2017.8037692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Without any doubt, research in biomedical engineering and anesthesiology achieved diverse ground-breaking successes for the sake of patient safety and for optimization of medical treatment in the last decades. Particularly anesthesia has become increasingly comfortable and safer due to new monitoring devices and further techniques. However, assessment of pain still relies on self-reporting of the patient using a Numeric Rating Scale ranging from 0 to 10. Obviously, this method suffers from severe restraints when unconscious, anesthetized or uncooperative subjects or children are involved as patients. Furthermore, no continuous monitoring is available so that features like alerting telemetry are lacking. Several scientific groups and companies searched intensively for procedures to measure pain objectively. Skin conductance, heart rate variability and peripheral perfusion, among others, were used to develop new algorithms and devices. Up to date, none of these devices succeeded to enter in clinical routine. In this project, we used infrared thermography (IRT) to analyze facial expressions and further thermal-associated phenomena that are visible in recorded IRT sequences such as lacrimation and perspiration. By means of clinical observations, a number of IRT features were predefined that were expected to correlate with pain. The combination of those features led to the so-called "Thermal-Associated Pain Intensity" (TAPI) after normalization and transformation. The TAPI correlates significantly with the NRS and achieves a sensitivity of above 0.75 to detect pain.
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Milagro J, Gil E, Lazaro J, Seppa VP, Malmberg LP, Pelkonen AS, Kotaniemi-Syrjanen A, Makela MJ, Viik J, Bailon R. Nocturnal Heart Rate Variability Spectrum Characterization in Preschool Children With Asthmatic Symptoms. IEEE J Biomed Health Inform 2017; 22:1332-1340. [PMID: 29990113 DOI: 10.1109/jbhi.2017.2775059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic lung disease that usually develops during childhood. Despite that symptoms can almost be controlled with medication, early diagnosis is desirable in order to reduce permanent airway obstruction risk. It has been suggested that abnormal parasympathetic nervous system (PSNS) activity might be closely related with the pathogenesis of asthma, and that this PSNS activity could be reflected in cardiac vagal control. In this work, an index to characterize the spectral distribution of the high frequency (HF) component of heart rate variability (HRV), named peakness ($\wp$), is proposed. Three different implementations of $\wp$, based on electrocardiogram (ECG) recordings, impedance pneumography (IP) recordings and a combination of both, were employed in the characterization of a group of preschool children classified attending to their risk of developing asthma. Peakier components were observed in the HF band of those children classified as high-risk ( $p < 0.005$), who also presented reduced sympathvoagal balance. Results suggest that high-risk of developing asthma might be related with a lack of adaptability of PSNS.
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Heine T, Lenis G, Reichensperger P, Beran T, Doessel O, Deml B. Electrocardiographic features for the measurement of drivers' mental workload. APPLIED ERGONOMICS 2017; 61:31-43. [PMID: 28237018 DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2016.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Revised: 11/26/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study examines the effect of mental workload on the electrocardiogram (ECG) of participants driving the Lane Change Task (LCT). Different levels of mental workload were induced by a secondary task (n-back task) with three levels of difficulty. Subjective data showed a significant increase of the experienced workload over all three levels. An exploratory approach was chosen to extract a large number of rhythmical and morphological features from the ECG signal thereby identifying those which differentiated best between the levels of mental workload. No single rhythmical or morphological feature was able to differentiate between all three levels. A group of parameters were extracted which were at least able to discriminate between two levels. For future research, a combination of features is recommended to achieve best diagnosticity for different levels of mental workload.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Heine
- Institute of Human and Industrial Engineering (ifab), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Kaiserstrasse 12, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Gustavo Lenis
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering (IBT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 1, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Patrick Reichensperger
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering (IBT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 1, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Tobias Beran
- Institute of Human and Industrial Engineering (ifab), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Kaiserstrasse 12, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Olaf Doessel
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering (IBT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 1, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Barbara Deml
- Institute of Human and Industrial Engineering (ifab), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Kaiserstrasse 12, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
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Liu Y, Scirica BM, Stultz CM, Guttag JV. Beatquency domain and machine learning improve prediction of cardiovascular death after acute coronary syndrome. Sci Rep 2016; 6:34540. [PMID: 27708350 PMCID: PMC5052591 DOI: 10.1038/srep34540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Frequency domain measures of heart rate variability (HRV) are associated with adverse events after a myocardial infarction. However, patterns in the traditional frequency domain (measured in Hz, or cycles per second) may capture different cardiac phenomena at different heart rates. An alternative is to consider frequency with respect to heartbeats, or beatquency. We compared the use of frequency and beatquency domains to predict patient risk after an acute coronary syndrome. We then determined whether machine learning could further improve the predictive performance. We first evaluated the use of pre-defined frequency and beatquency bands in a clinical trial dataset (N = 2302) for the HRV risk measure LF/HF (the ratio of low frequency to high frequency power). Relative to frequency, beatquency improved the ability of LF/HF to predict cardiovascular death within one year (Area Under the Curve, or AUC, of 0.730 vs. 0.704, p < 0.001). Next, we used machine learning to learn frequency and beatquency bands with optimal predictive power, which further improved the AUC for beatquency to 0.753 (p < 0.001), but not for frequency. Results in additional validation datasets (N = 2255 and N = 765) were similar. Our results suggest that beatquency and machine learning provide valuable tools in physiological studies of HRV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Liu
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave. Cambridge MA 02139, USA
| | - Benjamin M. Scirica
- TIMI Study Group, Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis St., Boston Ma. 02115, USA
| | - Collin M. Stultz
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave. Cambridge MA 02139, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, MIT, 77 Massachusetts Ave. Cambridge MA 02139, USA
| | - John V. Guttag
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, MIT, 77 Massachusetts Ave. Cambridge MA 02139, USA
- Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, MIT, 77 Massachusetts Ave. Cambridge MA 02139, USA
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Bas R, Vallverdú M, Valencia JF, Voss A, de Luna AB, Caminal P. Evaluation of acceleration and deceleration cardiac processes using phase-rectified signal averaging in healthy and idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy subjects. Med Eng Phys 2015; 37:195-202. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medengphy.2014.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Revised: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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11
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Quintana DS, Heathers JAJ. Considerations in the assessment of heart rate variability in biobehavioral research. Front Psychol 2014; 5:805. [PMID: 25101047 PMCID: PMC4106423 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart rate variability (HRV) refers to various methods of assessing the beat-to-beat variation in the heart over time, in order to draw inference on the outflow of the autonomic nervous system. Easy access to measuring HRV has led to a plethora of studies within emotion science and psychology assessing autonomic regulation, but significant caveats exist due to the complicated nature of HRV. Firstly, both breathing and blood pressure regulation have their own relationship to social, emotional, and cognitive experiments – if this is the case are we observing heart rate (HR) changes as a consequence of breathing changes? Secondly, experiments often have poor internal and external controls. In this review we highlight the interrelationships between HR and respiration, as well as presenting recommendations for researchers to use when collecting data for HRV assessment. Namely, we highlight the superior utility of within-subjects designs along with the importance of establishing an appropriate baseline and monitoring respiration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel S Quintana
- NORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo Oslo, Norway ; Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital Oslo, Norway
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12
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Aboamer MA, Azar AT, Mohamed ASA, Bär KJ, Berger S, Wahba K. Nonlinear features of heart rate variability in paranoid schizophrenic. Neural Comput Appl 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00521-014-1621-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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13
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Long X, Fonseca P, Haakma R, Aarts RM, Foussier J. Spectral Boundary Adaptation on Heart Rate Variability for Sleep and Wake Classification. INT J ARTIF INTELL T 2014. [DOI: 10.1142/s0218213014600021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A method of adapting the boundaries when extracting the spectral features from heart rate variability (HRV) for sleep and wake classification is described. HRV series can be derived from electrocardiogram (ECG) signals obtained from single-night polysomnography (PSG) recordings. Conventionally, the HRV spectral features are extracted from the spectrum of an HRV series with fixed boundaries specifying bands of very low frequency (VLF), low frequency (LF), and high frequency (HF). However, because they are fixed, they may fail to accurately reflect certain aspects of autonomic nervous activity which in turn may limit their discriminative power, e.g. in sleep and wake classification. This is in part related to the fact that the sympathetic tone (partially reflected in the LF band) and the respiratory activity (modulated in the HF band) vary over time. In order to minimize the impact of these variations, we adapt the HRV spectral boundaries using time-frequency analysis. Experiments were conducted on a data set acquired from two groups with 15 healthy and 15 insomnia subjects each. Results show that adapting the HRV spectral features significantly increased their discriminative power when classifying sleep and wake. Additionally, this method also provided a significant improvement of the overall classification performance when used in combination with other HRV non-spectral features. Furthermore, compared with the use of actigraphy, the classification performed better when combining it with the HRV features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Long
- Philips Research, High Tech Campus, Prof. Holstlaan 4, 5656 AE, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Den Dolech 2, 5612 AZ, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Pedro Fonseca
- Philips Research, High Tech Campus, Prof. Holstlaan 4, 5656 AE, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Den Dolech 2, 5612 AZ, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Reinder Haakma
- Philips Research, High Tech Campus, Prof. Holstlaan 4, 5656 AE, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Ronald M. Aarts
- Philips Research, High Tech Campus, Prof. Holstlaan 4, 5656 AE, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Den Dolech 2, 5612 AZ, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Jerome Foussier
- Chair for Medical Information Technology (MedIT), RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 20, 52074, Germany
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Xiao M, Yan H, Song J, Yang Y, Yang X. Sleep stages classification based on heart rate variability and random forest. Biomed Signal Process Control 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bspc.2013.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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15
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Daoud M, Ravier P, Harba R, Jabloun M, Yagoubi B, Buttelli O. HRV spectral estimation based on constrained Gaussian modeling in the nonstationary case. Biomed Signal Process Control 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bspc.2013.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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16
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Bailon R, Garatachea N, de la Iglesia I, Casajus JA, Laguna P. Influence of Running Stride Frequency in Heart Rate Variability Analysis During Treadmill Exercise Testing. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2013; 60:1796-805. [DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2013.2242328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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17
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Melkonian D, Korner A, Meares R, Bahramali H. Increasing sensitivity in the measurement of heart rate variability: the method of non-stationary RR time-frequency analysis. COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE 2012; 108:53-67. [PMID: 22306071 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2012.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2011] [Revised: 01/03/2012] [Accepted: 01/09/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A novel method of the time-frequency analysis of non-stationary heart rate variability (HRV) is developed which introduces the fragmentary spectrum as a measure that brings together the frequency content, timing and duration of HRV segments. The fragmentary spectrum is calculated by the similar basis function algorithm. This numerical tool of the time to frequency and frequency to time Fourier transformations accepts both uniform and non-uniform sampling intervals, and is applicable to signal segments of arbitrary length. Once the fragmentary spectrum is calculated, the inverse transform recovers the original signal and reveals accuracy of spectral estimates. Numerical experiments show that discontinuities at the boundaries of the succession of inter-beat intervals can cause unacceptable distortions of the spectral estimates. We have developed a measure that we call the "RR deltagram" as a form of the HRV data that minimises spectral errors. The analysis of the experimental HRV data from real-life and controlled breathing conditions suggests transient oscillatory components as functionally meaningful elements of highly complex and irregular patterns of HRV.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Melkonian
- Western Clinical School, University of Sydney, 5 Fleet Street, North Parramatta, NSW 2151, Australia.
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Tarvainen MP, Georgiadis S, Laitio T, Lipponen JA, Karjalainen PA, Kaskinoro K, Scheinin H. Heart rate variability dynamics during low-dose propofol and dexmedetomidine anesthesia. Ann Biomed Eng 2012; 40:1802-13. [PMID: 22419196 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-012-0544-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2011] [Accepted: 03/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Heart rate variability (HRV) has been observed to decrease during anesthesia, but changes in HRV during loss and recovery of consciousness have not been studied in detail. In this study, HRV dynamics during low-dose propofol (N = 10) and dexmedetomidine (N = 9) anesthesia were estimated by using time-varying methods. Standard time-domain and frequency-domain measures of HRV were included in the analysis. Frequency-domain parameters like low frequency (LF) and high frequency (HF) component powers were extracted from time-varying spectrum estimates obtained with a Kalman smoother algorithm. The Kalman smoother is a parametric spectrum estimation approach based on time-varying autoregressive (AR) modeling. Prior to loss of consciousness, an increase in HF component power indicating increase in vagal control of heart rate (HR) was observed for both anesthetics. The relative increase of vagal control over sympathetic control of HR was overall larger for dexmedetomidine which is in line with the known sympatholytic effect of this anesthetic. Even though the inter-individual variability in the HRV parameters was substantial, the results suggest the usefulness of HRV analysis in monitoring dexmedetomidine anesthesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mika P Tarvainen
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland.
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Analysis of heart rate variability during exercise stress testing using respiratory information. Biomed Signal Process Control 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bspc.2010.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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A method for continuously assessing the autonomic response to music-induced emotions through HRV analysis. Med Biol Eng Comput 2010; 48:423-33. [DOI: 10.1007/s11517-010-0592-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2009] [Accepted: 02/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Malarvili M, Mesbah M. Newborn Seizure Detection Based on Heart Rate Variability. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2009; 56:2594-603. [DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2009.2026908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Mainardi LT. On the quantification of heart rate variability spectral parameters using time-frequency and time-varying methods. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2009; 367:255-275. [PMID: 18936017 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2008.0188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
In the last decades, one of the main challenges in the study of heart rate variability (HRV) signals has been the quantification of the low-frequency (LF) and high-frequency (HF) components of the HRV spectrum during non-stationary events. At this regard, different time-frequency and time-varying approaches have been proposed with the aim to track the modification of the HRV spectra during ischaemic attacks, provocative stress testing, sleep or daily-life activities. The quantitative evaluation of power (and frequencies) of the LF and HF components has been approached in various ways depending on the selected time-frequency method. This paper is an excursus through the most common time-frequency/time-varying representation of the HRV signal with a special emphasis on the algorithms employed for the reliable quantification of the LF and HF parameters and their tracking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca T Mainardi
- Dipartimento di Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy.
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van Drongelen W, Williams AL, Lasky RE. Spectral analysis of time series of events: effect of respiration on heart rate in neonates. Physiol Meas 2008; 30:43-61. [PMID: 19075368 DOI: 10.1088/0967-3334/30/1/004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Certain types of biomedical processes such as the heart rate generator can be considered as signals that are sampled by the occurring events, i.e. QRS complexes. This sampling property generates problems for the evaluation of spectral parameters of such signals. First, the irregular occurrence of heart beats creates an unevenly sampled data set which must either be pre-processed (e.g. by using trace binning or interpolation) prior to spectral analysis, or analyzed with specialized methods (e.g. Lomb's algorithm). Second, the average occurrence of events determines the Nyquist limit for the sampled time series. Here we evaluate different types of spectral analysis of recordings of neonatal heart rate. Coupling between respiration and heart rate and the detection of heart rate itself are emphasized. We examine both standard and data adaptive frequency bands of heart rate signals generated by models of coupled oscillators and recorded data sets from neonates. We find that an important spectral artifact occurs due to a mirror effect around the Nyquist limit of half the average heart rate. Further we conclude that the presence of respiratory coupling can only be detected under low noise conditions and if a data-adaptive respiratory band is used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wim van Drongelen
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637-1470, USA.
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24
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Bailon R, Laguna P, Mainardi L, Sornmo L. Analysis of heart rate variability using time-varying frequency bands based on respiratory frequency. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 2007:6675-8. [PMID: 18003557 DOI: 10.1109/iembs.2007.4353891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In this paper a methodological approach for the analysis of nonstationary heart rate variability (HRV) signals using time-varying frequency bands based on respiratory frequency is presented. Spectral analysis of HRV is accomplished by means of the Smoothed Pseudo Wigner Ville distribution. Different approaches to the definition of the low frequency (LF) and high frequency (HF) bands are considered which involve respiratory information, derived either from a respiratory signal or from the ECG itself. Results are presented which derive from recordings acquired during stress testing and induced emotion experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Bailon
- Aragón Institute for Engineering Research, University of Zaragoza , María de Luna, 1, 50015 Zaragoza, Spain.
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25
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Davrath LR, Akselrod S, Pinhas I, Toledo E, Beck A, Elian D, Scheinowitz M. Evaluation of Autonomic Function Underlying Slow Postexercise Heart Rate Recovery. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2006; 38:2095-101. [PMID: 17146315 DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000235360.24308.c7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The reduction in heart rate (HR) during the first minute of recovery immediately after a graded maximal exercise stress test (GXT) has recently been found to be a powerful and independent predictor of cardiovascular and all-cause mortality. Reduced vagal activity has been postulated as the cause, but this has not been proven in a population with slow HR recovery (HRR). PURPOSE To investigate autonomic contributions to HRR using time-frequency analysis in a group of individuals demonstrating slow HRR. METHODS HRR was defined as the difference in HR between peak exercise and 1 min later; a value < or = 18 bpm was set as threshold and considered abnormal. A modified continuous wavelet transform (CWT) was used to perform time-dependent spectral analysis during the baseline steady state and the following non-steady-state conditions created by GXT. This method provides dynamic measures of low-frequency (LF) and high-frequency (HF) peaks associated with autonomic activity. Individuals (N = 20) with a previous slow HRR underwent a second GXT within 3 months after their initial test. An additional eight subjects whose first GXT disclosed normal HRR were taken as a control group. RESULTS Seven of 20 subjects demonstrated slow HRR (14 +/- 5 bpm) on the repeat test, and 13 subjects displayed normal HRR (29 +/- 5 bpm). Subjects with slow HRR in both GXT displayed significantly (P < 0.05) lower HF and LF fluctuations during recovery than those with normal HRR. CONCLUSIONS Attenuated HRR after GXT, assessed by CWT, is indeed associated with abnormal vagal reactivation and prolonged sympathetic stimulation after termination of maximal exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda R Davrath
- Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Abramson Center for Medical Physics, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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