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Tawakol O, Mushahwar VK, Troyk PR. The Use of Digital Image Correlation for Measurement of Strain Fields in a Novel Wireless Intraspinal Microstimulation Interface. Artif Organs 2022; 46:2066-2072. [PMID: 35747905 DOI: 10.1111/aor.14349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intraspinal microstimulation (ISMS) has emerged as a promising neuromodulation technique for restoring standing and overground walking in individuals with spinal cord injury. Current and emerging ISMS implant designs connect the electrodes to the stimulator through lead wires that cross the dura mater. To reduce possible complications associated with transdural leads such as tethering and leakage of cerebrospinal fluid, we aim to develop a wireless, fully intradural ISMS implant based upon our prior work in the cortex with the Wireless Floating Microelectrode Array (WFMA). Although we have extensive data about WFMA cortical stability, its mechanical and electrical stability in the spinal cord remain unknown. One of the quantifiable metrics to assess long-term implant stability is mechanical strain. OBJECTIVE The aim of the current work is to develop a method to assess implant stability by measuring strain fields in a surrogate of the human spinal cord. METHODS A physical model of the spinal cord was studied using an electromechanical testing apparatus, simulating typical spinal cord motion. Strain fields were digitally analyzed using an optical method known as digital image correlation (DIC). RESULTS Displacement and strain were visualized using contour plots. The strain values in the vicinity of each WFMA device were significantly different from the strain values in the same locations in the control surrogate spinal cord. CONCLUSION The results demonstrate that DIC can be used for in-vitro screening of intraspinal implants. Accurate optical strain measurements will enable researchers to optimize implant design over a wide range of motion conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Tawakol
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, United States
| | - Vivian K Mushahwar
- Department of Medicine and Neuroscience & Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Canada.,Sensory Motor Adaptive Rehabilitation Technology (SMART) Network, University of Alberta, Canada
| | - Philip R Troyk
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, United States.,Sensory Motor Adaptive Rehabilitation Technology (SMART) Network, University of Alberta, Canada
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3
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Chen J, Liu W, Gu D, Wu D. Laser Scanning Guided Localization Imaging with a Laser-Machined Two-Dimensional Flexible Ultrasonic Array. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:mi13050754. [PMID: 35630221 PMCID: PMC9148115 DOI: 10.3390/mi13050754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Advances in flexible integrated circuit technology and piezoelectric materials allow high-quality stretchable piezoelectric transducers to be built in a form that is easy to integrate with the body’s soft, curved, and time-dynamic surfaces. The resulting capabilities create new opportunities for studying disease states, monitoring health/wellness, building human–machine interfaces, and performing other operations. However, more widespread application scenarios are placing new demands on the high flexibility and small size of the array. This paper provides a 8 × 8 two-dimensional flexible ultrasonic array (2D-FUA) based on laser micromachining; a novel single-layer “island bridge” structure was used to design flexible array and piezoelectric array elements to improve the imaging capability on complex surfaces. The mechanical and acoustoelectric properties of the array are characterized, and a novel laser scanning and positioning method is introduced to solve the problem of array element displacement after deformation of the 2D-FUA. Finally, a multi-modal localization imaging experiment was carried out on the multi-target steel pin on the plane and curved surface based on the Verasonics system. The results show that the laser scanning method has the ability to assist the rapid imaging of flexible arrays on surfaces with complex shapes, and that 2D-FUA has wide application potential in medical-assisted localization imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianzhong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China; (J.C.); (W.L.)
| | - Wei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China; (J.C.); (W.L.)
| | - Dianbao Gu
- Xinhua Hospital Chongming Branch, Shanghai 202150, China
- Correspondence: (D.G.); (D.W.)
| | - Dawei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China; (J.C.); (W.L.)
- Correspondence: (D.G.); (D.W.)
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He F, Lycke R, Ganji M, Xie C, Luan L. Ultraflexible Neural Electrodes for Long-Lasting Intracortical Recording. iScience 2020; 23:101387. [PMID: 32745989 PMCID: PMC7398974 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Implanted electrodes provide one of the most important neurotechniques for fundamental and translational neurosciences by permitting time-resolved electrical detection of individual neurons in vivo. However, conventional rigid electrodes typically cannot provide stable, long-lasting recordings. Numerous interwoven biotic and abiotic factors at the tissue-electrode interface lead to short- and long-term instability of the recording performance. Making neural electrodes flexible provides a promising approach to mitigate these challenges on the implants and at the tissue-electrode interface. Here we review the recent progress of ultraflexible neural electrodes and discuss the engineering principles, the material properties, and the implantation strategies to achieve stable tissue-electrode interface and reliable unit recordings in living brains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei He
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX 77005, USA; NeuroEngineering Initiative, Rice University, 6500 Main Street, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Roy Lycke
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX 77005, USA; NeuroEngineering Initiative, Rice University, 6500 Main Street, Houston, TX 77005, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, 107 Dean Keeton, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Mehran Ganji
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX 77005, USA; NeuroEngineering Initiative, Rice University, 6500 Main Street, Houston, TX 77005, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, 107 Dean Keeton, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Chong Xie
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX 77005, USA; NeuroEngineering Initiative, Rice University, 6500 Main Street, Houston, TX 77005, USA; Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Lan Luan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX 77005, USA; NeuroEngineering Initiative, Rice University, 6500 Main Street, Houston, TX 77005, USA; Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX 77005, USA.
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Koss KM, Churchward MA, Jeffery AF, Mushahwar VK, Elias AL, Todd KG. Improved 3D Hydrogel Cultures of Primary Glial Cells for In Vitro Modelling of Neuroinflammation. J Vis Exp 2017. [PMID: 29286415 DOI: 10.3791/56615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In the central nervous system, numerous acute injuries and neurodegenerative disorders, as well as implanted devices or biomaterials engineered to enhance function result in the same outcome: excess inflammation leads to gliosis, cytotoxicity, and/or formation of a glial scar that collectively exacerbate injury or prevent healthy recovery. With the intent of creating a system to model glial scar formation and study inflammatory processes, we have generated a 3D cell scaffold capable of housing primary cultured glial cells: microglia that regulate the foreign body response and initiate the inflammatory event, astrocytes that respond to form a fibrous scar, and oligodendrocytes that are typically vulnerable to inflammatory injury. The present work provides a detailed step-by-step method for the fabrication, culture, and microscopic characterization of a hyaluronic acid-based 3D hydrogel scaffold with encapsulated rat brain-derived glial cells. Further, protocols for characterization of cell encapsulation and the hydrogel scaffold by confocal immunofluorescence and scanning electron microscopy are demonstrated, as well as the capacity to modify the scaffold with bioactive substrates, with incorporation of a commercial basal lamina mixture to improved cell integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle M Koss
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta; Alberta Innovates-Health Solutions Interdisciplinary Team in Smart Neural Prostheses (Project SMART), University of Alberta
| | - Matthew A Churchward
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta; Alberta Innovates-Health Solutions Interdisciplinary Team in Smart Neural Prostheses (Project SMART), University of Alberta
| | - Andrea F Jeffery
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta; Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta
| | - Vivian K Mushahwar
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta; Alberta Innovates-Health Solutions Interdisciplinary Team in Smart Neural Prostheses (Project SMART), University of Alberta; Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Alberta
| | - Anastasia L Elias
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta
| | - Kathryn G Todd
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta; Alberta Innovates-Health Solutions Interdisciplinary Team in Smart Neural Prostheses (Project SMART), University of Alberta; Centre for Neuroscience, University of Alberta;
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7
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Ho CH, Triolo RJ, Elias AL, Kilgore KL, DiMarco AF, Bogie K, Vette AH, Audu ML, Kobetic R, Chang SR, Chan KM, Dukelow S, Bourbeau DJ, Brose SW, Gustafson KJ, Kiss ZHT, Mushahwar VK. Functional electrical stimulation and spinal cord injury. Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am 2015; 25:631-54, ix. [PMID: 25064792 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmr.2014.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Spinal cord injuries (SCI) can disrupt communications between the brain and the body, resulting in loss of control over otherwise intact neuromuscular systems. Functional electrical stimulation (FES) of the central and peripheral nervous system can use these intact neuromuscular systems to provide therapeutic exercise options to allow functional restoration and to manage medical complications following SCI. The use of FES for the restoration of muscular and organ functions may significantly decrease the morbidity and mortality following SCI. Many FES devices are commercially available and should be considered as part of the lifelong rehabilitation care plan for all eligible persons with SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chester H Ho
- Division of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Foothills Medical Centre, Room 1195, 1403-29th Street NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 2T9, Canada.
| | - Ronald J Triolo
- Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, Advanced Platform Technology Center, 151 AW/APT, 10701 East Boulevard, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Department of Orthopaedics, Case Western Reserve University, MetroHealth Medical Center, 2500 MetroHealth Drive, Cleveland, OH 44109, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; MetroHealth Medical Center, 2500 MetroHealth Drive, Cleveland, OH 44109, USA
| | - Anastasia L Elias
- Chemical and Materials Engineering, W7-002 ECERF, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2V4, Canada
| | - Kevin L Kilgore
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; MetroHealth Medical Center, 2500 MetroHealth Drive, Cleveland, OH 44109, USA; Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, 10701 East Boulevard, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Cleveland FES Center, 11000 Cedar Avenue, Suite 230, Cleveland, OH 44106-3056, USA
| | - Anthony F DiMarco
- MetroHealth Medical Center, 2500 MetroHealth Drive, Cleveland, OH 44109, USA; Cleveland FES Center, 11000 Cedar Avenue, Suite 230, Cleveland, OH 44106-3056, USA
| | - Kath Bogie
- Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, Advanced Platform Technology Center, 151 AW/APT, 10701 East Boulevard, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Department of Orthopaedics, Case Western Reserve University, MetroHealth Medical Center, 2500 MetroHealth Drive, Cleveland, OH 44109, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, 10701 East Boulevard, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Albert H Vette
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta, 4-9 Mechanical Engineering Building, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G8, Canada; Glenrose Rehabilitation Hospital, Alberta Health Services, 10230 - 111 Avenue, Edmonton, Alberta T5G 0B7, Canada
| | - Musa L Audu
- Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, Advanced Platform Technology Center, 151 AW/APT, 10701 East Boulevard, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Rudi Kobetic
- Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, Advanced Platform Technology Center, 151 AW/APT, 10701 East Boulevard, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Sarah R Chang
- Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, Advanced Platform Technology Center, 151 AW/APT, 10701 East Boulevard, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - K Ming Chan
- Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Centre for Neuroscience, University of Alberta, 5005 Katz Group Centre, 11361-87 Avenue, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Sean Dukelow
- Division of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Foothills Medical Centre, Room 1195, 1403-29th Street NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 2T9, Canada
| | - Dennis J Bourbeau
- Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, 10701 East Boulevard, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Cleveland FES Center, 11000 Cedar Avenue, Suite 230, Cleveland, OH 44106-3056, USA
| | - Steven W Brose
- Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, 10701 East Boulevard, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Cleveland FES Center, 11000 Cedar Avenue, Suite 230, Cleveland, OH 44106-3056, USA; Ohio University Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Grosvenor Hall, Athens, OH 45701, USA
| | - Kenneth J Gustafson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, 10701 East Boulevard, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Cleveland FES Center, 11000 Cedar Avenue, Suite 230, Cleveland, OH 44106-3056, USA
| | - Zelma H T Kiss
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Foothills Medical Centre, Room 1195, 1403-29th Street NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 2T9, Canada
| | - Vivian K Mushahwar
- Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Centre for Neuroscience, University of Alberta, 5005 Katz Group Centre, 11361-87 Avenue, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1, Canada
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8
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Jeffery AF, Churchward MA, Mushahwar VK, Todd KG, Elias AL. Hyaluronic Acid-Based 3D Culture Model for In Vitro Testing of Electrode Biocompatibility. Biomacromolecules 2014; 15:2157-65. [DOI: 10.1021/bm500318d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea F. Jeffery
- Chemical
and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2V4, Canada
- Alberta Innovates-Health
Solutions Interdisciplinary Team in Smart Neural Prostheses (Project
SMART), University of Alberta, AB, Canada
| | - Matthew A. Churchward
- Department
of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G3, Canada
- Alberta Innovates-Health
Solutions Interdisciplinary Team in Smart Neural Prostheses (Project
SMART), University of Alberta, AB, Canada
| | - Vivian K. Mushahwar
- Division
of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
- Centre
for Neuroscience, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
- Alberta Innovates-Health
Solutions Interdisciplinary Team in Smart Neural Prostheses (Project
SMART), University of Alberta, AB, Canada
| | - Kathryn G. Todd
- Department
of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G3, Canada
- Centre
for Neuroscience, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
- Alberta Innovates-Health
Solutions Interdisciplinary Team in Smart Neural Prostheses (Project
SMART), University of Alberta, AB, Canada
| | - Anastasia L. Elias
- Chemical
and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2V4, Canada
- Alberta Innovates-Health
Solutions Interdisciplinary Team in Smart Neural Prostheses (Project
SMART), University of Alberta, AB, Canada
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