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Pourmadadi M, Ghaemi A, Khanizadeh A, Yazdian F, Mollajavadi Y, Arshad R, Rahdar A. Breast cancer detection based on cancer antigen 15-3; emphasis on optical and electrochemical methods: A review. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 260:116425. [PMID: 38824703 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2024.116425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Cancer antigen 15-3 (CA 15-3) is a crucial marker used in the diagnosis and monitoring of breast cancer (BC). The demand for early and precise cancer detection has grown, making the creation of biosensors that are highly sensitive and specific essential. This review paper provides a thorough examination of the progress made in optical and electrochemical biosensors for detecting the cancer biomarker CA 15-3. We focus on explaining their fundamental principles, sensitivity, specificity, and potential for point-of-care applications. The performance attributes of these biosensors are assessed by considering their limits of detection, reaction times, and operational stability, while also making comparisons to conventional methods of CA 15-3 detection. In addition, we explore the incorporation of nanomaterials and innovative transducer components to improve the performance of biosensors. This paper conducts a thorough examination of recent studies to identify the existing obstacles. It also suggests potential areas for future research in this fast progressing field.The paper provides insights into their advancement and utilization to enhance patient outcomes. Both categories of biosensors provide significant promise for the detection of CA 15-3 and offer distinct advantages compared to conventional analytical approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrab Pourmadadi
- Protein Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, GC, 1983963113, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Ghaemi
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Khanizadeh
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Yazdian
- Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Science and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Yasin Mollajavadi
- Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Science and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rabia Arshad
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan; Adjunct Professor at Equator University of Science and Technology, Uganda
| | - Abbas Rahdar
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Zabol, Zabol, 538-98615, Iran; Key Laboratory of Modeling and Simulation-based Reliability and Optimization, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran.
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2
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Mim JJ, Hasan M, Chowdhury MS, Ghosh J, Mobarak MH, Khanom F, Hossain N. A comprehensive review on the biomedical frontiers of nanowire applications. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29244. [PMID: 38628721 PMCID: PMC11016983 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
This comprehensive review examines the immense capacity of nanowires, nanostructures characterized by unbounded dimensions, to profoundly transform the field of biomedicine. Nanowires, which are created by combining several materials using techniques such as electrospinning and vapor deposition, possess distinct mechanical, optical, and electrical properties. As a result, they are well-suited for use in nanoscale electronic devices, drug delivery systems, chemical sensors, and other applications. The utilization of techniques such as the vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) approach and template-assisted approaches enables the achievement of precision in synthesis. This precision allows for the customization of characteristics, which in turn enables the capability of intracellular sensing and accurate drug administration. Nanowires exhibit potential in biomedical imaging, neural interfacing, and tissue engineering, despite obstacles related to biocompatibility and scalable manufacturing. They possess multifunctional capabilities that have the potential to greatly influence the intersection of nanotechnology and healthcare. Surmounting present obstacles has the potential to unleash the complete capabilities of nanowires, leading to significant improvements in diagnostics, biosensing, regenerative medicine, and next-generation point-of-care medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhi Jannat Mim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, IUBAT-International University of Business Agriculture and Technology, Bangladesh
| | - Mehedi Hasan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, IUBAT-International University of Business Agriculture and Technology, Bangladesh
| | - Md Shakil Chowdhury
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, IUBAT-International University of Business Agriculture and Technology, Bangladesh
| | - Jubaraz Ghosh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, IUBAT-International University of Business Agriculture and Technology, Bangladesh
| | - Md Hosne Mobarak
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, IUBAT-International University of Business Agriculture and Technology, Bangladesh
| | - Fahmida Khanom
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, IUBAT-International University of Business Agriculture and Technology, Bangladesh
| | - Nayem Hossain
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, IUBAT-International University of Business Agriculture and Technology, Bangladesh
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Kim C, Han S, Kim T, Lee S. Implantable pH Sensing System Using Vertically Stacked Silicon Nanowire Arrays and Body Channel Communication for Gastroesophageal Reflux Monitoring. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:861. [PMID: 38339578 PMCID: PMC10857522 DOI: 10.3390/s24030861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Silicon nanowires (SiNWs) are emerging as versatile components in the fabrication of sensors for implantable medical devices because of their exceptional electrical, optical, and mechanical properties. This paper presents a novel top-down fabrication method for vertically stacked SiNWs, eliminating the need for wet oxidation, wet etching, and nanolithography. The integration of these SiNWs into body channel communication (BCC) circuits was also explored. The fabricated SiNWs were confirmed to be capable of forming arrays with multiple layers and rows. The SiNW-based pH sensors demonstrated a robust response to pH changes, and when tested with BCC circuits, they showed that it was possible to quantize based on pH when transmitting data through the human body. This study successfully developed a novel method for SiNW fabrication and integration into BCC circuits, which could lead to improvements in the reliability and efficiency of implantable medical sensors. The findings demonstrate significant potential for bioelectronic applications and real-time biochemical monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changhee Kim
- Department of Electronics and Information Convergence Engineering, Kyunghee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea; (C.K.); (S.H.); (T.K.)
| | - Seungju Han
- Department of Electronics and Information Convergence Engineering, Kyunghee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea; (C.K.); (S.H.); (T.K.)
| | - Taehwan Kim
- Department of Electronics and Information Convergence Engineering, Kyunghee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea; (C.K.); (S.H.); (T.K.)
| | - Sangmin Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Kyunghee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
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Presnova GV, Presnov DE, Ulyashova MM, Tsiniaikin II, Trifonov AS, Skorb EV, Krupenin VA, Snigirev OV, Rubtsova MY. Ultrasensitive Detection of PSA Using Antibodies in Crowding Polyelectrolyte Multilayers on a Silicon Nanowire Field-Effect Transistor. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:332. [PMID: 38337221 DOI: 10.3390/polym16030332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Immunosensors based on field-effect transistors with nanowire channels (NWFETs) provide fast and real-time detection of a variety of biomarkers without the need for additional labels. The key feature of the developed immunosensor is the coating of silicon NWs with multilayers of polyelectrolytes (polyethylenimine (PEI) and polystyrene sulfonate (PSS)). By causing a macromolecular crowding effect, it ensures the "soft fixation" of the antibodies into the 3-D matrix of the oppositely charged layers. We investigated the interaction of prostate-specific antigen (PSA), a biomarker of prostate cancer, and antibodies adsorbed in the PEI and PSS matrix. In order to visualize the formation of immune complexes between polyelectrolyte layers using SEM and AFM techniques, we employed a second clone of antibodies labeled with gold nanoparticles. PSA was able to penetrate the matrix and concentrate close to the surface layer, which is crucial for its detection on the nanowires. Additionally, this provides the optimal orientation of the antibodies' active centers for interacting with the antigen and improves their mobility. NWFETs were fabricated from SOI material using high-resolution e-beam lithography, thin film vacuum deposition, and reactive-ion etching processes. The immunosensor was characterized by a high sensitivity to pH (71 mV/pH) and an ultra-low limit of detection (LOD) of 0.04 fg/mL for PSA. The response of the immunosensor takes less than a minute, and the measurement is carried out in real time. This approach seems promising for further investigation of its applicability for early screening of prostate cancer and POC systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galina V Presnova
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Denis E Presnov
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- D.V. Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Mariya M Ulyashova
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ilia I Tsiniaikin
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Artem S Trifonov
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina V Skorb
- Infochemistry Scientific Center of ITMO University, 191002 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Vladimir A Krupenin
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Oleg V Snigirev
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Maya Yu Rubtsova
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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Li H, Li D, Chen H, Yue X, Fan K, Dong L, Wang G. Application of Silicon Nanowire Field Effect Transistor (SiNW-FET) Biosensor with High Sensitivity. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:6808. [PMID: 37571591 PMCID: PMC10422280 DOI: 10.3390/s23156808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
As a new type of one-dimensional semiconductor nanometer material, silicon nanowires (SiNWs) possess good application prospects in the field of biomedical sensing. SiNWs have excellent electronic properties for improving the detection sensitivity of biosensors. The combination of SiNWs and field effect transistors (FETs) formed one special biosensor with high sensitivity and target selectivity in real-time and label-free. Recently, SiNW-FETs have received more attention in fields of biomedical detection. Here, we give a critical review of the progress of SiNW-FETs, in particular, about the reversible surface modification methods. Moreover, we summarized the applications of SiNW-FETs in DNA, protein, and microbial detection. We also discuss the related working principle and technical approaches. Our review provides an extensive discussion for studying the challenges in the future development of SiNW-FETs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiping Li
- Ministry of Education Engineering Research Center of Smart Microsensors and Microsystems, School of Electronic Information, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Dujuan Li
- Ministry of Education Engineering Research Center of Smart Microsensors and Microsystems, School of Electronic Information, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Huiyi Chen
- Ministry of Education Engineering Research Center of Smart Microsensors and Microsystems, School of Electronic Information, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Xiaojie Yue
- The Children’s Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310052, China
| | - Kai Fan
- School of Automation, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Linxi Dong
- Ministry of Education Engineering Research Center of Smart Microsensors and Microsystems, School of Electronic Information, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Gaofeng Wang
- Ministry of Education Engineering Research Center of Smart Microsensors and Microsystems, School of Electronic Information, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China
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Li MX, Wu DY, Tang RY, Zhou SY, Liang WH, Liu J, Li L. Liquid metal integrated PU/CNT fibrous membrane for human health monitoring. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1169411. [PMID: 37082218 PMCID: PMC10111225 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1169411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Wearable flexible sensors are widely used in several applications such as physiological monitoring, electronic skin, and telemedicine. Typically, flexible sensors that are made of elastomeric thin-films lack sufficient permeability, which leads to skin inflammation, and more importantly, affects signal detection and consequently, reduces the sensitivity of the sensor. In this study, we designed a flexible nanofibrous membrane with a high air permeability (6.10 mm/s), which could be effectively used to monitor human motion signals and physiological signals. More specifically, a flexible membrane with a point (liquid metal nanoparticles)-line (carbon nanotubes)-plane (liquid metal thin-film) multiscale conductive structure was fabricated by combining liquid metal (LM) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with a polyurethane (PU) nanofibrous membrane. Interestingly, the excellent conductivity and fluidity of the liquid metal enhanced the sensitivity and stability of the membrane. More precisely, the gauge factor (GF) values of the membrane is 3.0 at 50% strain and 14.0 at 400% strain, which corresponds to a high strain sensitivity within the whole range of deformation. Additionally, the proposed membrane has good mechanical properties with an elongation at a break of 490% and a tensile strength of 12 MPa. Furthermore, the flexible membrane exhibits good biocompatibility and can efficiently monitor human health signals, thereby indicating potential for application in the field of wearable electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Xi Li
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Da-Yong Wu
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Lei Li, ; Da-Yong Wu,
| | - Rong-Yu Tang
- The State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Si-Yuan Zhou
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei-Hua Liang
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cryogenics, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Li
- Key Laboratory of Cryogenics, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Lei Li, ; Da-Yong Wu,
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7
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Aljabali AA, Obeid MA, Bashatwah RM, Serrano-Aroca Á, Mishra V, Mishra Y, El-Tanani M, Hromić-Jahjefendić A, Kapoor DN, Goyal R, Naikoo GA, Tambuwala MM. Nanomaterials and Their Impact on the Immune System. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032008. [PMID: 36768330 PMCID: PMC9917130 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanomaterials have been the focus of intensive development and research in the medical and industrial sectors over the past several decades. Some studies have found that these compounds can have a detrimental impact on living organisms, including their cellular components. Despite the obvious advantages of using nanomaterials in a wide range of applications, there is sometimes skepticism caused by the lack of substantial proof that evaluates potential toxicities. The interactions of nanoparticles (NPs) with cells of the immune system and their biomolecule pathways are an area of interest for researchers. It is possible to modify NPs so that they are not recognized by the immune system or so that they suppress or stimulate the immune system in a targeted manner. In this review, we look at the literature on nanomaterials for immunostimulation and immunosuppression and their impact on how changing the physicochemical features of the particles could alter their interactions with immune cells for the better or for the worse (immunotoxicity). We also look into whether the NPs have a unique or unexpected (but desired) effect on the immune system, and whether the surface grafting of polymers or surface coatings makes stealth nanomaterials that the immune system cannot find and get rid of.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa A. Aljabali
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Yarmouk University, P.O. Box 566, Irbid 21163, Jordan
- Correspondence: (A.A.A.); (M.M.T.)
| | - Mohammad A. Obeid
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Yarmouk University, P.O. Box 566, Irbid 21163, Jordan
| | - Rasha M. Bashatwah
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Yarmouk University, P.O. Box 566, Irbid 21163, Jordan
| | - Ángel Serrano-Aroca
- Biomaterials and Bioengineering Lab., Centro de Investigación Traslacional San Alberto Magno, Universidad Católica de Valencia, San Vicente Mártir, 46001 Valencia, Spain
| | - Vijay Mishra
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Yachana Mishra
- Department of Zoology, School of Bioengineering and Bioscience, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Mohamed El-Tanani
- Pharmacological and Diagnostic Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman 19328, Jordan
| | - Altijana Hromić-Jahjefendić
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, International University of Sarajevo, Hrasnicka Cesta 15, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Deepak N. Kapoor
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan 173229, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Rohit Goyal
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan 173229, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Gowhar A. Naikoo
- Department of Mathematics and Sciences, College of Arts and Applied Sciences, Dhofar University, Salalah PC 211, Oman
| | - Murtaza M. Tambuwala
- Lincoln Medical School, University of Lincoln, Brayford Pool Campus, Lincoln LN6 7TS, UK
- Correspondence: (A.A.A.); (M.M.T.)
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8
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Fleming CL, Golzan M, Gunawan C, McGrath KC. Systematic and Bibliometric Analysis of Magnetite Nanoparticles and Their Applications in (Biomedical) Research. GLOBAL CHALLENGES (HOBOKEN, NJ) 2023; 7:2200009. [PMID: 36618105 PMCID: PMC9818080 DOI: 10.1002/gch2.202200009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Recent reports show air pollutant magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs) in the brains of people with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Considering various field applications of MNPs because of developments in nanotechnology, the aim of this study is to identify major trends and data gaps in research on magnetite to allow for relevant environmental and health risk assessment. Herein, a bibliometric and systematic analysis of the published magnetite literature (n = 31 567) between 1990 to 2020 is completed. Following appraisal, publications (n = 244) are grouped into four time periods with the main research theme identified for each as 1990-1997 "oxides," 1998-2005 "ferric oxide," 2006-2013 "pathology," and 2014-2020 "animal model." Magnetite formation and catalytic activity dominate the first two time periods, with the last two focusing on the exploitation of nanoparticle engineering. Japan and China have the highest number of citations for articles published. Longitudinal analysis indicates that magnetite research for the past 30 years shifted from environmental and industrial applications, to biomedical and its potential toxic effects. Therefore, whilst this study presents the research profile of different countries, the development in research on MNPs, it also reveals that further studies on the effects of MNPs on human health is much needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte L. Fleming
- School of Life SciencesFaculty of ScienceUniversity of Technology SydneySydneyNSW2008Australia
| | - Mojtaba Golzan
- Vision Science GroupGraduate School of HealthUniversity of Technology SydneySydneyNSW2008Australia
| | - Cindy Gunawan
- Australian Institute for Microbiology and InfectionUniversity of Technology SydneySydneyNSW2008Australia
| | - Kristine C. McGrath
- School of Life SciencesFaculty of ScienceUniversity of Technology SydneySydneyNSW2008Australia
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9
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Lin H, Kasai N, Xu N, Nakajima H, Kato S, Zeng H, Lin JM, Mao S, Uchiyama K. Localized hydrodynamic flow confinement assisted nanowire sensor for ultrasensitive protein detection. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 218:114788. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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10
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Zhang G, Zeng H, Liu J, Nagashima K, Takahashi T, Hosomi T, Tanaka W, Yanagida T. Nanowire-based sensor electronics for chemical and biological applications. Analyst 2021; 146:6684-6725. [PMID: 34667998 DOI: 10.1039/d1an01096d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Detection and recognition of chemical and biological species via sensor electronics are important not only for various sensing applications but also for fundamental scientific understanding. In the past two decades, sensor devices using one-dimensional (1D) nanowires have emerged as promising and powerful platforms for electrical detection of chemical species and biologically relevant molecules due to their superior sensing performance, long-term stability, and ultra-low power consumption. This paper presents a comprehensive overview of the recent progress and achievements in 1D nanowire synthesis, working principles of nanowire-based sensors, and the applications of nanowire-based sensor electronics in chemical and biological analytes detection and recognition. In addition, some critical issues that hinder the practical applications of 1D nanowire-based sensor electronics, including device reproducibility and selectivity, stability, and power consumption, will be highlighted. Finally, challenges, perspectives, and opportunities for developing advanced and innovative nanowire-based sensor electronics in chemical and biological applications are featured.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guozhu Zhang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8654, Japan.
| | - Hao Zeng
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8654, Japan.
| | - Jiangyang Liu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8654, Japan.
| | - Kazuki Nagashima
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8654, Japan. .,JST-PRESTO, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Tsunaki Takahashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8654, Japan. .,JST-PRESTO, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Takuro Hosomi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8654, Japan. .,JST-PRESTO, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Wataru Tanaka
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8654, Japan.
| | - Takeshi Yanagida
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8654, Japan. .,Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasuga-Koen, Kasuga, Fukuoka, 816-8580, Japan
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11
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Li N, Shen M, Xu Y. A Portable Microfluidic System for Point-of-Care Detection of Multiple Protein Biomarkers. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:mi12040347. [PMID: 33804983 PMCID: PMC8063924 DOI: 10.3390/mi12040347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Protein biomarkers are indicators of many diseases and are commonly used for disease diagnosis and prognosis prediction in the clinic. The urgent need for point-of-care (POC) detection of protein biomarkers has promoted the development of automated and fully sealed immunoassay platforms. In this study, a portable microfluidic system was established for the POC detection of multiple protein biomarkers by combining a protein microarray for a multiplex immunoassay and a microfluidic cassette for reagent storage and liquid manipulation. The entire procedure for the immunoassay was automatically conducted, which included the antibody–antigen reaction, washing and detection. Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and carcinoma antigen 125 (CA125) were simultaneously detected in this system within 40 min with limits of detection of 0.303 ng/mL, 1.870 ng/mL, and 18.617 U/mL, respectively. Five clinical samples were collected and tested, and the results show good correlations compared to those measured by the commercial instrument in the hospital. The immunoassay cassette system can function as a versatile platform for the rapid and sensitive multiplexed detection of biomarkers; therefore, it has great potential for POC diagnostics.
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12
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Sarmah D, Banerjee M, Datta A, Kalia K, Dhar S, Yavagal DR, Bhattacharya P. Nanotechnology in the diagnosis and treatment of stroke. Drug Discov Today 2021; 26:585-592. [PMID: 33242696 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2020.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Increasing developments in the field of nanotechnology have ignited its use in stroke diagnosis and treatment. The benefits of structural modification, ease of synthesis, and biocompatibility support the use of nanomaterials in the clinic. The pathophysiology of stroke is complex, involving different brain regions; hence, therapeutic agents are required to be delivered to specific regions. Nanoparticles (NPs) can be engineered to help improve the delivery and release of therapeutic agents in a localized manner, especially in the penumbra. This contributes not only to therapy, but also to neurosurgery and neuroimaging. Nanomaterials also offer high efficacy with few adverse effects. In this review, we provide a concise summary of the caveats associated with nanotechnology with respect to stroke therapy and diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepaneeta Sarmah
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355, India
| | - Mainak Banerjee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Aishika Datta
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355, India
| | - Kiran Kalia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355, India
| | - Shanta Dhar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA; Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Dileep R Yavagal
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Pallab Bhattacharya
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355, India.
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13
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Poghossian A, Schöning MJ. Capacitive Field-Effect EIS Chemical Sensors and Biosensors: A Status Report. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20195639. [PMID: 33023133 PMCID: PMC7584023 DOI: 10.3390/s20195639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Electrolyte-insulator-semiconductor (EIS) field-effect sensors belong to a new generation of electronic chips for biochemical sensing, enabling a direct electronic readout. The review gives an overview on recent advances and current trends in the research and development of chemical sensors and biosensors based on the capacitive field-effect EIS structure—the simplest field-effect device, which represents a biochemically sensitive capacitor. Fundamental concepts, physicochemical phenomena underlying the transduction mechanism and application of capacitive EIS sensors for the detection of pH, ion concentrations, and enzymatic reactions, as well as the label-free detection of charged molecules (nucleic acids, proteins, and polyelectrolytes) and nanoparticles, are presented and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arshak Poghossian
- MicroNanoBio, Liebigstr. 4, 40479 Düsseldorf, Germany
- Correspondence: (A.P.); (M.J.S.)
| | - Michael J. Schöning
- Institute of Nano- and Biotechnologies (INB), FH Aachen, Campus Jülich, Heinrich-Mußmannstr. 1, 52428 Jülich, Germany
- Correspondence: (A.P.); (M.J.S.)
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14
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Alunda BO, Lee YJ. Review: Cantilever-Based Sensors for High Speed Atomic Force Microscopy. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 20:E4784. [PMID: 32854193 PMCID: PMC7506678 DOI: 10.3390/s20174784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This review critically summarizes the recent advances of the microcantilever-based force sensors for atomic force microscope (AFM) applications. They are one the most common mechanical spring-mass systems and are extremely sensitive to changes in the resonant frequency, thus finding numerous applications especially for molecular sensing. Specifically, we comment on the latest progress in research on the deflection detection systems, fabrication, coating and functionalization of the microcantilevers and their application as bio- and chemical sensors. A trend on the recent breakthroughs on the study of biological samples using high-speed atomic force microscope is also reported in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Ouma Alunda
- School of Mines and Engineering, Taita Taveta University, P.O. Box 635-80300 Voi, Kenya;
| | - Yong Joong Lee
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
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15
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Faudzi AAM, Sabzehmeidani Y, Suzumori K. Application of Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) as Sensors: A Review. JOURNAL OF ROBOTICS AND MECHATRONICS 2020. [DOI: 10.20965/jrm.2020.p0281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents a review of the current applications of Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) in the robotics and industrial applications. MEMS are widely used as actuators or sensors in numerous respects of our daily life as well as automation lines and industrial applications. Intersection of founding new polymers and composites such as silicon and micro manufacturing technologies performing micro-machining and micro-assembly brings about remarkable growth of application and efficacy of MEMS devices. MEMS indicated huge improvement in size reduction, higher reliability, multi-functionality, customized design, and power usage. Demonstration of various devices and technologies utilized in robotics and industrial applications are illustrated in this article along with the use and the role of silicon in the development of the sensors. Some future trends and its perspectives are also discussed.
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16
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Rewatkar P, Goel S. 3D Printed Bioelectrodes for Enzymatic Biofuel Cell: Simple, Rapid, Optimized and Enhanced Approach. IEEE Trans Nanobioscience 2020; 19:4-10. [DOI: 10.1109/tnb.2019.2941196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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17
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Poghossian A, Jablonski M, Molinnus D, Wege C, Schöning MJ. Field-Effect Sensors for Virus Detection: From Ebola to SARS-CoV-2 and Plant Viral Enhancers. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:598103. [PMID: 33329662 PMCID: PMC7732584 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.598103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a novel human infectious disease provoked by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Currently, no specific vaccines or drugs against COVID-19 are available. Therefore, early diagnosis and treatment are essential in order to slow the virus spread and to contain the disease outbreak. Hence, new diagnostic tests and devices for virus detection in clinical samples that are faster, more accurate and reliable, easier and cost-efficient than existing ones are needed. Due to the small sizes, fast response time, label-free operation without the need for expensive and time-consuming labeling steps, the possibility of real-time and multiplexed measurements, robustness and portability (point-of-care and on-site testing), biosensors based on semiconductor field-effect devices (FEDs) are one of the most attractive platforms for an electrical detection of charged biomolecules and bioparticles by their intrinsic charge. In this review, recent advances and key developments in the field of label-free detection of viruses (including plant viruses) with various types of FEDs are presented. In recent years, however, certain plant viruses have also attracted additional interest for biosensor layouts: Their repetitive protein subunits arranged at nanometric spacing can be employed for coupling functional molecules. If used as adapters on sensor chip surfaces, they allow an efficient immobilization of analyte-specific recognition and detector elements such as antibodies and enzymes at highest surface densities. The display on plant viral bionanoparticles may also lead to long-time stabilization of sensor molecules upon repeated uses and has the potential to increase sensor performance substantially, compared to conventional layouts. This has been demonstrated in different proof-of-concept biosensor devices. Therefore, richly available plant viral particles, non-pathogenic for animals or humans, might gain novel importance if applied in receptor layers of FEDs. These perspectives are explained and discussed with regard to future detection strategies for COVID-19 and related viral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Melanie Jablonski
- Institute of Nano- and Biotechnologies, FH Aachen University of Applied Sciences, Jülich, Germany
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Denise Molinnus
- Institute of Nano- and Biotechnologies, FH Aachen University of Applied Sciences, Jülich, Germany
| | - Christina Wege
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
- *Correspondence: Christina Wege,
| | - Michael J. Schöning
- Institute of Nano- and Biotechnologies, FH Aachen University of Applied Sciences, Jülich, Germany
- Institute of Complex Systems (ICS-8), Research Centre Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
- Michael J. Schöning,
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18
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Gas-Phase Synthesis for Label-Free Biosensors: Zinc-Oxide Nanowires Functionalized with Gold Nanoparticles. Sci Rep 2019; 9:17370. [PMID: 31758054 PMCID: PMC6874558 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53960-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Metal oxide semiconductor nanowires have important applications in label-free biosensing due to their ease of fabrication and ultralow detection limits. Typically, chemical functionalization of the oxide surface is necessary for specific biological analyte detection. We instead demonstrate the use of gas-phase synthesis of gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) to decorate zinc oxide nanowire (ZnO NW) devices for biosensing applications. Uniform ZnO NW devices were fabricated using a vapor-solid-liquid method in a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) furnace. Magnetron-sputtering of a Au target combined with a quadrupole mass filter for cluster size selection was used to deposit Au NPs on the ZnO NWs. Without additional functionalization, we electrically detect DNA binding on the nanowire at sub-nanomolar concentrations and visualize individual DNA strands using atomic force microscopy (AFM). By attaching a DNA aptamer for streptavidin to the biosensor, we detect both streptavidin and the complementary DNA strand at sub-nanomolar concentrations. Au NP decoration also enables sub-nanomolar DNA detection in passivated ZnO NWs that are resilient to dissolution in aqueous solutions. This novel method of biosensor functionalization can be applied to many semiconductor materials for highly sensitive and label-free detection of a wide range of biomolecules.
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19
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Xu Y, Hu X, Kundu S, Nag A, Afsarimanesh N, Sapra S, Mukhopadhyay SC, Han T. Silicon-Based Sensors for Biomedical Applications: A Review. SENSORS 2019; 19:s19132908. [PMID: 31266148 PMCID: PMC6651638 DOI: 10.3390/s19132908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The paper highlights some of the significant works done in the field of medical and biomedical sensing using silicon-based technology. The use of silicon sensors is one of the pivotal and prolonged techniques employed in a range of healthcare, industrial and environmental applications by virtue of its distinct advantages over other counterparts in Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) technology. Among them, the sensors for biomedical applications are one of the most significant ones, which not only assist in improving the quality of human life but also help in the field of microfabrication by imparting knowledge about how to develop enhanced multifunctional sensing prototypes. The paper emphasises the use of silicon, in different forms, to fabricate electrodes and substrates for the sensors that are to be used for biomedical sensing. The electrical conductivity and the mechanical flexibility of silicon vary to a large extent depending on its use in developing prototypes. The article also explains some of the bottlenecks that need to be dealt with in the current scenario, along with some possible remedies. Finally, a brief market survey is given to estimate a probable increase in the usage of silicon in developing a variety of biomedical prototypes in the upcoming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongzhao Xu
- School of Electronic Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Xiduo Hu
- School of Electronic Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Sudip Kundu
- CSIR-Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute, Durgapur, West Bengal 713209, India
| | - Anindya Nag
- DGUT-CNAM Institute, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523106, China.
| | | | - Samta Sapra
- School of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney 2109, Australia
| | | | - Tao Han
- DGUT-CNAM Institute, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523106, China
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20
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Bandapati M, Krishnamurthy B, Goel S. Fully Assembled Membraneless Glucose Biofuel Cell With MWCNT Modified Pencil Graphite Leads as Novel Bioelectrodes. IEEE Trans Nanobioscience 2019; 18:170-175. [DOI: 10.1109/tnb.2019.2896207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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21
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Taniselass S, Arshad MM, Gopinath SC. Graphene-based electrochemical biosensors for monitoring noncommunicable disease biomarkers. Biosens Bioelectron 2019; 130:276-292. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2019.01.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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22
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Hubbe H, Mendes E, Boukany PE. Polymeric Nanowires for Diagnostic Applications. MICROMACHINES 2019; 10:mi10040225. [PMID: 30934898 PMCID: PMC6523414 DOI: 10.3390/mi10040225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Polymer nanowire-related research has shown considerable progress over the last decade. The wide variety of materials and the multitude of well-established chemical modifications have made polymer nanowires interesting as a functional part of a diagnostic biosensing device. This review provides an overview of relevant publications addressing the needs for a nanowire-based sensor for biomolecules. Working our way towards the detection methods itself, we review different nanowire fabrication methods and materials. Especially for an electrical signal read-out, the nanowire should persist in a single-wire configuration with well-defined positioning. Thus, the possibility of the alignment of nanowires is discussed. While some fabrication methods immanently yield an aligned single wire, other methods result in disordered structures and have to be manipulated into the desired configuration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik Hubbe
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629HZ Delft, The Netherlands.
| | - Eduardo Mendes
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629HZ Delft, The Netherlands.
| | - Pouyan E Boukany
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629HZ Delft, The Netherlands.
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23
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Zheng Z, Zhan H, Nie Y, Bo A, Xu X, Gu Y. General existence of flexural mode doublets in nanowires targeting vectorial sensing applications. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:4136-4144. [PMID: 30411758 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp05408h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Nanowires (NWs) are one of the fundamental building blocks for nanoscale devices, and have been frequently utilized as mechanical resonators. Earlier studies show that ultra-sensitive vectorial sensing toolkits can be fabricated by changing the flexural mode of NWs to oscillation doublets along two orthogonal directions. Based on in silico studies and the Timoshenko beam theory, this work finds that the dual orthogonal flexural mode of NWs can be effectively controlled through the proper selection of their growth direction. It is found that metallic NWs with a directional-independent shear modulus possess a single flexural mode. However, NWs with a directional-dependent shear modulus naturally exhibit flexural mode doublets, which do not disappear even with increasing slenderness ratio. Further studies show that such a feature generally exists in other NWs, such as Si NWs. Mimicking a pendulum configuration as used in NW-based scanning force microscopy, the cantilevered 110 Si NW demonstrates zeptogram mass resolution and a force sensitivity down to the order of 10-24 N Hz-1/2 (yN Hz-1/2) in both transverse directions. The findings in this work open up a new and facile avenue to fabricate 2D vectorial force sensors, which could enable ultra-sensitive and novel detection devices/systems for 2D effects, such as the anisotropy strength of atomic bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoqun Zheng
- College of Mathematics, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, China.
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24
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Ambhorkar P, Wang Z, Ko H, Lee S, Koo KI, Kim K, Cho DID. Nanowire-Based Biosensors: From Growth to Applications. MICROMACHINES 2018; 9:mi9120679. [PMID: 30572645 PMCID: PMC6316191 DOI: 10.3390/mi9120679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decade, synthesized nanomaterials, such as carbon nanotube, nanoparticle, quantum dot, and nanowire, have already made breakthroughs in various fields, including biomedical sensors. Enormous surface area-to-volume ratio of the nanomaterials increases sensitivity dramatically compared with macro-sized material. Herein we present a comprehensive review about the working principle and fabrication process of nanowire sensor. Moreover, its applications for the detection of biomarker, virus, and DNA, as well as for drug discovery, are reviewed. Recent advances including self-powering, reusability, sensitivity in high ionic strength solvent, and long-term stability are surveyed and highlighted as well. Nanowire is expected to lead significant improvement of biomedical sensor in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranav Ambhorkar
- School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada.
| | - Zongjie Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3M2, Canada.
| | - Hyuongho Ko
- Department of Electronics, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea.
| | - Sangmin Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea.
| | - Kyo-In Koo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, Korea.
| | - Keekyoung Kim
- School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada.
| | - Dong-Il Dan Cho
- ASRI/ISRC, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
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25
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Liao Z, Wang J, Zhang P, Zhang Y, Miao Y, Gao S, Deng Y, Geng L. Recent advances in microfluidic chip integrated electronic biosensors for multiplexed detection. Biosens Bioelectron 2018; 121:272-280. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2018.08.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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26
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Rewatkar P, Goel S. Paper-Based Membraneless Co-Laminar Microfluidic Glucose Biofuel Cell With MWCNT-Fed Bucky Paper Bioelectrodes. IEEE Trans Nanobioscience 2018; 17:374-379. [DOI: 10.1109/tnb.2018.2857406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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27
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Wang Z, Kumar H, Tian Z, Jin X, Holzman JF, Menard F, Kim K. Visible Light Photoinitiation of Cell-Adhesive Gelatin Methacryloyl Hydrogels for Stereolithography 3D Bioprinting. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:26859-26869. [PMID: 30024722 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b06607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
We present the first cell-attachable and visible-light-crosslinkable bioinks based on gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) with eosin Y (EY) photoinitiation for stereolithography three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting. To develop a visible-light-crosslinkable hydrogel, we systematically studied five combinations of GelMA and EY photoinitiator with various concentrations. Their mechanical properties, microstructures, and cell viability and confluency after encapsulation were investigated rigorously to elucidate the effects of the EY and GelMA macromer concentrations on the characteristics of the hydrogel. Experimental results show that the compressive Young's modulus and pore size are positively affected by the concentration of EY, whereas the mass swelling ratio and cell viability are negatively affected. Increasing the concentration of GelMA helps in improving the compressive Young's modulus and cell attachment. We further employed the developed visible-light-based stereolithography bioprinting system to print the patterned cell-laden hydrogels to demonstrate the bioprinting applications of the developed hydrogel. We observed good cell proliferation and the formation of a 3D cellular network inside the printed pattern at day 5, which proves the great feasibility of using EY-GelMA as the bioinks for biofabrication and tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Keekyoung Kim
- Biomedical Engineering Program , University of British Columbia , Vancouver , British Columbia V6T 1Z4 , Canada
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28
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Vlassov S, Oras S, Antsov M, Butikova J, Lõhmus R, Polyakov B. Low-friction nanojoint prototype. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 29:195707. [PMID: 29469059 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aab163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
High surface energy of individual nanostructures leads to high adhesion and static friction that can completely hinder the operation of nanoscale systems with movable parts. For instance, silver or gold nanowires cannot be moved on silicon substrate without plastic deformation. In this paper, we experimentally demonstrate an operational prototype of a low-friction nanojoint. The movable part of the prototype is made either from a gold or silver nano-pin produced by laser-induced partial melting of silver and gold nanowires resulting in the formation of rounded bulbs on their ends. The nano-pin is then manipulated into the inverted pyramid (i-pyramids) specially etched in a Si wafer. Due to the small contact area, the nano-pin can be repeatedly tilted inside an i-pyramid as a rigid object without noticeable deformation. At the same time in the absence of external force the nanojoint is stable and preserves its position and tilt angle. Experiments are performed inside a scanning electron microscope and are supported by finite element method simulations.
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