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Qian H, Moreira G, Vanegas D, Tang Y, Pola C, Gomes C, McLamore E, Bliznyuk N. Improving high throughput manufacture of laser-inscribed graphene electrodes via hierarchical clustering. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7980. [PMID: 38575717 PMCID: PMC10995179 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57932-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Laser-inscribed graphene (LIG), initially developed for graphene supercapacitors, has found widespread use in sensor research and development, particularly as a platform for low-cost electrochemical sensing. However, batch-to-batch variation in LIG fabrication introduces uncertainty that cannot be adequately tracked during manufacturing process, limiting scalability. Therefore, there is an urgent need for robust quality control (QC) methodologies to identify and select similar and functional LIG electrodes for sensor fabrication. For the first time, we have developed a statistical workflow and an open-source hierarchical clustering tool for QC analysis in LIG electrode fabrication. The QC process was challenged with multi-operator cyclic voltammetry (CV) data for bare and metalized LIG. As a proof of concept, we employed the developed QC process for laboratory-scale manufacturing of LIG-based biosensors. The study demonstrates that our QC process can rapidly identify similar LIG electrodes from large batches (n ≥ 36) of electrodes, leading to a reduction in biosensor measurement variation by approximately 13% compared to the control group without QC. The statistical workflow and open-source code presented here provide a versatile toolkit for clustering analysis, opening a pathway toward scalable manufacturing of LIG electrodes in sensing. In addition, we establish a data repository for further study of LIG variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanyu Qian
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Geisianny Moreira
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA
| | - Diana Vanegas
- Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences Department of Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA
| | - Yifan Tang
- Department of Plant and Environmental Science, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA
| | - Cicero Pola
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Carmen Gomes
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Eric McLamore
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA.
- Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences Department of Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA.
| | - Nikolay Bliznyuk
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
- Departments of Statistics, Biostatistics and Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
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2
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Abrha FH, Wondimu TH, Kahsay MH, Fufa Bakare F, Andoshe DM, Kim JY. Graphene-based biosensors for detecting coronavirus: a brief review. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:18184-18197. [PMID: 37927083 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr04583h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
The coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) disease has affected the globe with 770 437 327 confirmed cases, including about 6 956 900 deaths, according to the World Health Organization (WHO) as of September 2023. Hence, it is imperative to develop diagnostic technologies, such as a rapid cost-effective SARS-CoV-2 detection method. A typical biosensor enables biomolecule detection with an appropriate transducer by generating a measurable signal from the sample. Graphene can be employed as a component for ultrasensitive and selective biosensors based on its physical, optical, and electrochemical properties. Herein, we briefly review graphene-based electrochemical, field-effect transistor (FET), and surface plasmon biosensors for detecting the SARS-CoV-2 target. In addition, details on the surface modification, immobilization, sensitivity and limit of detection (LOD) of all three sensors with regard to SARS-CoV-2 were reported. Finally, the point-of-care (POC) detection of SARS-CoV-2 using a portable smartphone and a wearable watch is a current topic of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filimon Hadish Abrha
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Aksum University, Aksum 1010, Ethiopia
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Adama Science and Technology University, Adama 1888, Ethiopia.
| | - Tadele Hunde Wondimu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Adama Science and Technology University, Adama 1888, Ethiopia.
- Center of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Adama Science and Technology University, Adama 1888, Ethiopia
| | - Mebrahtu Hagos Kahsay
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle 231, Ethiopia
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Adama Science and Technology University, Adama 1888, Ethiopia
| | - Fetene Fufa Bakare
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Adama Science and Technology University, Adama 1888, Ethiopia.
- Center of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Adama Science and Technology University, Adama 1888, Ethiopia
| | - Dinsefa Mensur Andoshe
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Adama Science and Technology University, Adama 1888, Ethiopia.
| | - Jung Yong Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Adama Science and Technology University, Adama 1888, Ethiopia.
- Center of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Adama Science and Technology University, Adama 1888, Ethiopia
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Wang H, Sun Y, Zhou Y, Liu Y, Chen S, Sun W, Zhang Z, Guo J, Yang C, Li Z, Chen L. Unamplified system for sensitive and typing detection of ASFV by the cascade platform that CRISPR-Cas12a combined with graphene field-effect transistor. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 240:115637. [PMID: 37669587 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
At present, the 100% case fatality and the cross-infection of virus strains make the ASFV 's harm to society continue to expand. The absence of an effective commercial vaccine poses early detection remains the most effective means of curbing ASFV infection. Here, we report a cascaded detection platform based on the CRISPR-Cas12a system combined with graphene field-effect transistor sensors. The cascade platform could detect ASFV as low as 0.5 aM within 30 min and achieve typing of wild and vaccine strains of ASFV in a single detection system. The evaluation of 16 clinical samples proved that, compared with the gold standard Real-time PCR method, this platform has outstanding advantages in sensitivity, specificity and typing. Combining CRISPR-Cas12a's high specificity with the bipolar electric field effect of graphene field-effect transistor, the cascade platform is expected to achieve clinical application in the field of DNA disease detection, and provides a new direction for multi-strain disease typing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Wang
- Department of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, 1 Daxue Road, Changqing District, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250014, PR China
| | - Yang Sun
- Department of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, PR China.
| | - Yuan Zhou
- Department of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, 1 Daxue Road, Changqing District, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250014, PR China
| | - Yujie Liu
- Department of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, 1 Daxue Road, Changqing District, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250014, PR China
| | - Shuo Chen
- Department of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, 1 Daxue Road, Changqing District, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250014, PR China
| | - Wenbo Sun
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 202 Gongye North Road, Jinan, 250100, PR China
| | - Zidong Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials, Shandong University, No. 17923 Jing Shi Road, Jinan, 250061, PR China
| | - Junqing Guo
- Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 116 Huayuan Road, Zhengzhou, 450099, PR China
| | - Cheng Yang
- Department of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, 1 Daxue Road, Changqing District, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250014, PR China.
| | - Zhengping Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, PR China.
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, 1 Daxue Road, Changqing District, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250014, PR China.
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Liang QH, Cao BP, Xiao Q, Wei D. The Application of Graphene Field-Effect Transistor Biosensors in COVID-19 Detection Technology: A Review. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:8764. [PMID: 37960464 PMCID: PMC10650741 DOI: 10.3390/s23218764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a disease caused by the infectious agent of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The primary method of diagnosing SARS-CoV-2 is nucleic acid detection, but this method requires specialized equipment and is time consuming. Therefore, a sensitive, simple, rapid, and low-cost diagnostic test is needed. Graphene field-effect transistor (GFET) biosensors have become the most promising diagnostic technology for detecting SARS-CoV-2 due to their advantages of high sensitivity, fast-detection speed, label-free operation, and low detection limit. This review mainly focus on three types of GFET biosensors to detect SARS-CoV-2. GFET biosensors can quickly identify SARS-CoV-2 within ultra-low detection limits. Finally, we will outline the pros and cons of the diagnostic approaches as well as future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin-Hong Liang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, China; (Q.-H.L.); (Q.X.)
| | - Ban-Peng Cao
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, China; (Q.-H.L.); (Q.X.)
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Qiang Xiao
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, China; (Q.-H.L.); (Q.X.)
| | - Dacheng Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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Dai C, Liu Y, Wei D. Two-Dimensional Field-Effect Transistor Sensors: The Road toward Commercialization. Chem Rev 2022; 122:10319-10392. [PMID: 35412802 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The evolutionary success in information technology has been sustained by the rapid growth of sensor technology. Recently, advances in sensor technology have promoted the ambitious requirement to build intelligent systems that can be controlled by external stimuli along with independent operation, adaptivity, and low energy expenditure. Among various sensing techniques, field-effect transistors (FETs) with channels made of two-dimensional (2D) materials attract increasing attention for advantages such as label-free detection, fast response, easy operation, and capability of integration. With atomic thickness, 2D materials restrict the carrier flow within the material surface and expose it directly to the external environment, leading to efficient signal acquisition and conversion. This review summarizes the latest advances of 2D-materials-based FET (2D FET) sensors in a comprehensive manner that contains the material, operating principles, fabrication technologies, proof-of-concept applications, and prototypes. First, a brief description of the background and fundamentals is provided. The subsequent contents summarize physical, chemical, and biological 2D FET sensors and their applications. Then, we highlight the challenges of their commercialization and discuss corresponding solution techniques. The following section presents a systematic survey of recent progress in developing commercial prototypes. Lastly, we summarize the long-standing efforts and prospective future development of 2D FET-based sensing systems toward commercialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changhao Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.,Laboratory of Molecular Materials and Devices, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yunqi Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular Materials and Devices, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Dacheng Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.,Laboratory of Molecular Materials and Devices, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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A Hybrid Microfluidic Electronic Sensing Platform for Life Science Applications. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:mi13030425. [PMID: 35334717 PMCID: PMC8950014 DOI: 10.3390/mi13030425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents a novel hybrid microfluidic electronic sensing platform, featuring an electronic sensor incorporated with a microfluidic structure for life science applications. This sensor with a large sensing area of 0.7 mm2 is implemented through a foundry process called Open-Gate Junction FET (OG-JFET). The proposed OG-JFET sensor with a back gate enables the charge by directly introducing the biological and chemical samples on the top of the device. This paper puts forward the design and implementation of a PDMS microfluidic structure integrated with an OG-JFET chip to direct the samples toward the sensing site. At the same time, the sensor’s gain is controlled with a back gate electrical voltage. Herein, we demonstrate and discuss the functionality and applicability of the proposed sensing platform using a chemical solution with different pH values. Additionally, we introduce a mathematical model to describe the charge sensitivity of the OG-JFET sensor. Based on the results, the maximum value of transconductance gain of the sensor is ~1 mA/V at Vgs = 0, which is decreased to ~0.42 mA/V at Vgs = 1, all in Vds = 5. Furthermore, the variation of the back-gate voltage from 1.0 V to 0.0 V increases the sensitivity from ~40 mV/pH to ~55 mV/pH. As per the experimental and simulation results and discussions in this paper, the proposed hybrid microfluidic OG-JFET sensor is a reliable and high-precision measurement platform for various life science and industrial applications.
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Dixit N, Singh SP. Laser-Induced Graphene (LIG) as a Smart and Sustainable Material to Restrain Pandemics and Endemics: A Perspective. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:5112-5130. [PMID: 35187327 PMCID: PMC8851616 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c06093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
A healthy environment is necessary for a human being to survive. The contagious COVID-19 virus has disastrously contaminated the environment, leading to direct or indirect transmission. Therefore, the environment demands adequate prevention and control strategies at the beginning of the viral spread. Laser-induced graphene (LIG) is a three-dimensional carbon-based nanomaterial fabricated in a single step on a wide variety of low-cost to high-quality carbonaceous materials without using any additional chemicals potentially used for antiviral, antibacterial, and sensing applications. LIG has extraordinary properties, including high surface area, electrical and thermal conductivity, environmental-friendliness, easy fabrication, and patterning, making it a sustainable material for controlling SARS-CoV-2 or similar pandemic transmission through different sources. LIG's antiviral, antibacterial, and antibiofouling properties were mainly due to the thermal and electrical properties and texture derived from nanofibers and micropores. This perspective will highlight the conducted research and the future possibilities on LIG for its antimicrobial, antiviral, antibiofouling, and sensing applications. It will also manifest the idea of incorporating this sustainable material into different technologies like air purifiers, antiviral surfaces, wearable sensors, water filters, sludge treatment, and biosensing. It will pave a roadmap to explore this single-step fabrication technique of graphene to deal with pandemics and endemics in the coming future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nandini Dixit
- Environmental
Science and Engineering Department (ESED), Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Swatantra P. Singh
- Environmental
Science and Engineering Department (ESED), Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
- Centre
for Research in Nanotechnology & Science (CRNTS), Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
- Interdisciplinary
Program in Climate Studies, Indian Institute
of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
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