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Rohr-Fukuma M, Stieglitz LH, Bujan B, Jedrysiak P, Oertel MF, Salzmann L, Baumann CR, Imbach LL, Gassert R, Bichsel O. Neurofeedback-enabled beta power control with a fully implanted DBS system in patients with Parkinson's disease. Clin Neurophysiol 2024; 165:1-15. [PMID: 38941959 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2024.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Parkinsonian motor symptoms are linked to pathologically increased beta oscillations in the basal ganglia. Studies with externalised deep brain stimulation electrodes showed that Parkinson patients were able to rapidly gain control over these pathological basal ganglia signals through neurofeedback. Studies with fully implanted deep brain stimulation systems duplicating these promising results are required to grant transferability to daily application. METHODS In this study, seven patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease and one with familial Parkinson's disease were included. In a postoperative setting, beta oscillations from the subthalamic nucleus were recorded with a fully implanted deep brain stimulation system and converted to a real-time visual feedback signal. Participants were instructed to perform bidirectional neurofeedback tasks with the aim to modulate these oscillations. RESULTS While receiving regular medication and deep brain stimulation, participants were able to significantly improve their neurofeedback ability and achieved a significant decrease of subthalamic beta power (median reduction of 31% in the final neurofeedback block). CONCLUSION We could demonstrate that a fully implanted deep brain stimulation system can provide visual neurofeedback enabling patients with Parkinson's disease to rapidly control pathological subthalamic beta oscillations. SIGNIFICANCE Fully-implanted DBS electrode-guided neurofeedback is feasible and can now be explored over extended timespans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manabu Rohr-Fukuma
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Switzerland; Clinical Neuroscience Centre, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lennart H Stieglitz
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Switzerland; Clinical Neuroscience Centre, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Markus F Oertel
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Switzerland; Clinical Neuroscience Centre, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lena Salzmann
- Rehabilitation Engineering Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christian R Baumann
- Clinical Neuroscience Centre, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Roger Gassert
- Rehabilitation Engineering Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Oliver Bichsel
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Switzerland; Clinical Neuroscience Centre, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Switzerland; Rehabilitation Engineering Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Switzerland.
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2
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Ubeda Matzilevich E, Daniel PL, Little S. Towards therapeutic electrophysiological neurofeedback in Parkinson's disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2024; 121:106010. [PMID: 38245382 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2024.106010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Neurofeedback (NF) techniques support individuals to self-regulate specific features of brain activity, which has been shown to impact behavior and potentially ameliorate clinical symptoms. Electrophysiological NF (epNF) may be particularly impactful for patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), as evidence mounts to suggest a central role of pathological neural oscillations underlying symptoms in PD. Exaggerated beta oscillations (12-30 Hz) in the basal ganglia-cortical network are linked to motor symptoms (e.g., bradykinesia, rigidity), and beta is reduced by successful therapy with dopaminergic medication and Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS). PD patients also experience non-motor symptoms related to sleep, mood, motivation, and cognitive control. Although less is known about the mechanisms of non-motor symptoms in PD and how to successfully treat them, low frequency neural oscillations (1-12 Hz) in the basal ganglia-cortical network are particularly implicated in non-motor symptoms. Here, we review how cortical and subcortical epNF could be used to target motor and non-motor specific oscillations, and potentially serve as an adjunct therapy that enables PD patients to endogenously control their own pathological neural activities. Recent studies have demonstrated that epNF protocols can successfully support volitional control of cortical and subcortical beta rhythms. Importantly, this endogenous control of beta has been linked to changes in motor behavior. epNF for PD, as a casual intervention on neural signals, has the potential to increase understanding of the neurophysiology of movement, mood, and cognition and to identify new therapeutic approaches for motor and non-motor symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Ubeda Matzilevich
- Movement Disorders and Neuromodulation Division, Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Pria Lauren Daniel
- Movement Disorders and Neuromodulation Division, Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Psychology, University of California San Diego, CA, USA.
| | - Simon Little
- Movement Disorders and Neuromodulation Division, Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, CA, USA
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3
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Koizumi K, Kunii N, Ueda K, Takabatake K, Nagata K, Fujitani S, Shimada S, Nakao M. Intracranial Neurofeedback Modulating Neural Activity in the Mesial Temporal Lobe During Memory Encoding: A Pilot Study. Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback 2023; 48:439-451. [PMID: 37405548 PMCID: PMC10581957 DOI: 10.1007/s10484-023-09595-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
Removal of the mesial temporal lobe (MTL) is an established surgical procedure that leads to seizure freedom in patients with intractable MTL epilepsy; however, it carries the potential risk of memory damage. Neurofeedback (NF), which regulates brain function by converting brain activity into perceptible information and providing feedback, has attracted considerable attention in recent years for its potential as a novel complementary treatment for many neurological disorders. However, no research has attempted to artificially reorganize memory functions by applying NF before resective surgery to preserve memory functions. Thus, this study aimed (1) to construct a memory NF system that used intracranial electrodes to feedback neural activity on the language-dominant side of the MTL during memory encoding and (2) to verify whether neural activity and memory function in the MTL change with NF training. Two intractable epilepsy patients with implanted intracranial electrodes underwent at least five sessions of memory NF training to increase the theta power in the MTL. There was an increase in theta power and a decrease in fast beta and gamma powers in one of the patients in the late stage of memory NF sessions. NF signals were not correlated with memory function. Despite its limitations as a pilot study, to our best knowledge, this study is the first to report that intracranial NF may modulate neural activity in the MTL, which is involved in memory encoding. The findings provide important insights into the future development of NF systems for the artificial reorganization of memory functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Koizumi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Naoto Kunii
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Ueda
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Keisuke Nagata
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigeta Fujitani
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seijiro Shimada
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayuki Nakao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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4
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Rouzitalab A, Boulay CB, Sachs AJ. Volitional control of beta activities in Parkinson's disease patients. Brain Res 2023; 1814:148394. [PMID: 37156320 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2023.148394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Patients diagnosed with Parkinson's disease (PD) have difficulty initiating and executing movements due to an acquired imbalance of the basal ganglia thalamocortical circuit secondary to loss of dopaminergic input into the striatum. The unbalanced circuit is hyper-synchronized, presenting as larger and longer bursts of beta-band (13-30 Hz) oscillations in the subthalamic nucleus (STN). As a first step toward a novel PD therapy that aims to improve symptoms through beta desynchronization, we sought to determine if individuals with PD could acquire volitional control of STN beta power in a neurofeedback task. We found a significant difference in STN beta power between task conditions, and relevant brain signal features could be detected and decoded in real time. This demonstration of volitional control of STN beta motivates development of a neurofeedback therapy to modulate PD symptom severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Rouzitalab
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Ottawa, K1N 6N5 Ottawa, ON, Canada; The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
| | | | - Adam J Sachs
- The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada; The University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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5
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Koizumi K, Kunii N, Ueda K, Nagata K, Fujitani S, Shimada S, Nakao M. Paving the Way for Memory Enhancement: Development and Examination of a Neurofeedback System Targeting the Medial Temporal Lobe. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2262. [PMID: 37626758 PMCID: PMC10452721 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11082262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurofeedback (NF) shows promise in enhancing memory, but its application to the medial temporal lobe (MTL) still needs to be studied. Therefore, we aimed to develop an NF system for the memory function of the MTL and examine neural activity changes and memory task score changes through NF training. We created a memory NF system using intracranial electrodes to acquire and visualise the neural activity of the MTL during memory encoding. Twenty trials of a tug-of-war game per session were employed for NF and designed to control neural activity bidirectionally (Up/Down condition). NF training was conducted with three patients with drug-resistant epilepsy, and we observed an increasing difference in NF signal between conditions (Up-Down) as NF training progressed. Similarities and negative correlation tendencies between the transition of neural activity and the transition of memory function were also observed. Our findings demonstrate NF's potential to modulate MTL activity and memory encoding. Future research needs further improvements to the NF system to validate its effects on memory functions. Nonetheless, this study represents a crucial step in understanding NF's application to memory and provides valuable insights into developing more efficient memory enhancement strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Koizumi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan; (K.U.); (M.N.)
| | - Naoto Kunii
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan; (N.K.); (K.N.); (S.F.); (S.S.)
| | - Kazutaka Ueda
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan; (K.U.); (M.N.)
| | - Keisuke Nagata
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan; (N.K.); (K.N.); (S.F.); (S.S.)
| | - Shigeta Fujitani
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan; (N.K.); (K.N.); (S.F.); (S.S.)
| | - Seijiro Shimada
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan; (N.K.); (K.N.); (S.F.); (S.S.)
| | - Masayuki Nakao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan; (K.U.); (M.N.)
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6
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Pei G, Liu X, Huang Q, Shi Z, Wang L, Suo D, Funahashi S, Wu J, Zhang J, Fang B. Characterizing cortical responses to short-term multidisciplinary intensive rehabilitation treatment in patients with Parkinson’s disease: A transcranial magnetic stimulation and electroencephalography study. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:1045073. [PMID: 36408100 PMCID: PMC9669794 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.1045073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Combined transcranial magnetic stimulation and electroencephalography (TMS-EEG) is a powerful non-invasive tool for qualifying the neurophysiological effects of interventions by recording TMS-induced cortical activation with high temporal resolution and generates reproducible and reliable waves of activity without participant cooperation. Cortical dysfunction contributes to the pathogenesis of the clinical symptoms of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Here, we examined changes in cortical activity in patients with PD following multidisciplinary intensive rehabilitation treatment (MIRT). Forty-eight patients with PD received 2 weeks of MIRT. The cortical response was examined following single-pulse TMS over the primary motor cortex by 64-channel EEG, and clinical symptoms were assessed before and after MIRT. TMS-evoked potentials were quantified by the global mean field power, as well as oscillatory power in theta, alpha, beta, and gamma bands, and their clinical correlations were calculated. After MIRT, motor and non-motor symptoms improved in 22 responders, and only non-motor function was enhanced in 26 non-responders. Primary motor cortex stimulation reduced global mean field power amplitudes in responders but not significantly in non-responders. Oscillations exhibited attenuated power in the theta, beta, and gamma bands in responders but only reduced gamma power in non-responders. Associations were observed between beta oscillations and motor function and between gamma oscillations and non-motor symptoms. Our results suggest that motor function enhancement by MIRT may be due to beta oscillatory power modulation and that alterations in cortical plasticity in the primary motor cortex contribute to PD recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangying Pei
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Xinting Liu
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Qiwei Huang
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongyan Shi
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Li Wang
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Dingjie Suo
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Shintaro Funahashi
- Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Jinglong Wu
- School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- School of Mechatronical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
- Jian Zhang,
| | - Boyan Fang
- Parkinson Medical Center, Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Boyan Fang,
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7
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Malvea A, Babaei F, Boulay C, Sachs A, Park J. Deep brain stimulation for Parkinson’s Disease: A Review and Future Outlook. Biomed Eng Lett 2022; 12:303-316. [PMID: 35892031 PMCID: PMC9308849 DOI: 10.1007/s13534-022-00226-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's Disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that manifests as an impairment of motor and non-motor abilities due to a loss of dopamine input to deep brain structures. While there is presently no cure for PD, a variety of pharmacological and surgical therapeutic interventions have been developed to manage PD symptoms. This review explores the past, present and future outlooks of PD treatment, with particular attention paid to deep brain stimulation (DBS), the surgical procedure to deliver DBS, and its limitations. Finally, our group's efforts with respect to brain mapping for DBS targeting will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anahita Malvea
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, K1H 8M5 Ottawa, ON Canada
| | - Farbod Babaei
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Ottawa, K1N 6N5 Ottawa, ON Canada
| | - Chadwick Boulay
- The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario Canada
- The University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario Canada
| | - Adam Sachs
- The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario Canada
- The University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario Canada
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario Canada
| | - Jeongwon Park
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Ottawa, K1N 6N5 Ottawa, ON Canada
- Department of Electrical and Biomedical Engineering, University of Nevada, 89557 Reno, NV USA
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8
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Isagulyan ED, Mikhailova VA, Aslakhanova KS, Slavin KV. Prospects of neuromodulation for chronic pain. BRAIN DISORDERS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dscb.2021.100027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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9
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Girges C, Vijiaratnam N, Zrinzo L, Ekanayake J, Foltynie T. Volitional Control of Brain Motor Activity and Its Therapeutic Potential. Neuromodulation 2022; 25:1187-1196. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurom.2022.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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10
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Deep brain electrical neurofeedback allows Parkinson patients to control pathological oscillations and quicken movements. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7973. [PMID: 33846456 PMCID: PMC8041890 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87031-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinsonian motor symptoms are linked to pathologically increased beta-oscillations in the basal ganglia. While pharmacological treatment and deep brain stimulation (DBS) reduce these pathological oscillations concomitantly with improving motor performance, we set out to explore neurofeedback as an endogenous modulatory method. We implemented real-time processing of pathological subthalamic beta oscillations through implanted DBS electrodes to provide deep brain electrical neurofeedback. Patients volitionally controlled ongoing beta-oscillatory activity by visual neurofeedback within minutes of training. During a single one-hour training session, the reduction of beta-oscillatory activity became gradually stronger and we observed improved motor performance. Lastly, endogenous control over deep brain activity was possible even after removing visual neurofeedback, suggesting that neurofeedback-acquired strategies were retained in the short-term. Moreover, we observed motor improvement when the learnt mental strategies were applied 2 days later without neurofeedback. Further training of deep brain neurofeedback might provide therapeutic benefits for Parkinson patients by improving symptom control using strategies optimized through neurofeedback.
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11
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He S, Mostofi A, Syed E, Torrecillos F, Tinkhauser G, Fischer P, Pogosyan A, Hasegawa H, Li Y, Ashkan K, Pereira E, Brown P, Tan H. Subthalamic beta-targeted neurofeedback speeds up movement initiation but increases tremor in Parkinsonian patients. eLife 2020; 9:e60979. [PMID: 33205752 PMCID: PMC7695453 DOI: 10.7554/elife.60979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have explored neurofeedback training for Parkinsonian patients to suppress beta oscillations in the subthalamic nucleus (STN). However, its impacts on movements and Parkinsonian tremor are unclear. We developed a neurofeedback paradigm targeting STN beta bursts and investigated whether neurofeedback training could improve motor initiation in Parkinson's disease compared to passive observation. Our task additionally allowed us to test which endogenous changes in oscillatory STN activities are associated with trial-to-trial motor performance. Neurofeedback training reduced beta synchrony and increased gamma activity within the STN, and reduced beta band coupling between the STN and motor cortex. These changes were accompanied by reduced reaction times in subsequently cued movements. However, in Parkinsonian patients with pre-existing symptoms of tremor, successful volitional beta suppression was associated with an amplification of tremor which correlated with theta band activity in STN local field potentials, suggesting an additional cross-frequency interaction between STN beta and theta activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenghong He
- MRC Brain Network Dynamics Unit at the University of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Abteen Mostofi
- Neurosciences Research Centre, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George’s University of LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Emilie Syed
- MRC Brain Network Dynamics Unit at the University of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Flavie Torrecillos
- MRC Brain Network Dynamics Unit at the University of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Gerd Tinkhauser
- MRC Brain Network Dynamics Unit at the University of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
- Department of Neurology, Bern University Hospital and University of BernBernSwitzerland
| | - Petra Fischer
- MRC Brain Network Dynamics Unit at the University of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Alek Pogosyan
- MRC Brain Network Dynamics Unit at the University of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Harutomo Hasegawa
- Department of Neurosurgery, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, King's Health PartnersLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Yuanqing Li
- School of Automation Science and Engineering, South China University of TechnologyGuangzhouChina
| | - Keyoumars Ashkan
- Department of Neurosurgery, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, King's Health PartnersLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Erlick Pereira
- Neurosciences Research Centre, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George’s University of LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Peter Brown
- MRC Brain Network Dynamics Unit at the University of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Huiling Tan
- MRC Brain Network Dynamics Unit at the University of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
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12
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Landin K, Benjaber M, Jamshed F, Stagg C, Denison T. Technology Integration Methods for Bi-directional Brain-computer Interfaces and XR-based Interventions. CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS. IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMS, MAN, AND CYBERNETICS 2020; 2020:3695-3701. [PMID: 33707935 PMCID: PMC7116886 DOI: 10.1109/smc42975.2020.9282993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Brain stimulation therapies have been established as effective treatments for Parkinson's disease, essential tremor, and epilepsy, as well as having high diagnostic and therapeutic potential in a wide range of neurological and psychiatric conditions. Novel interventions such as extended reality (XR), video games and exergames that can improve physiological and cognitive functioning are also emerging as targets for therapeutic and rehabilitative treatments. Previous studies have proposed specific applications involving non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) and virtual environments, but to date these have been uni-directional and restricted to specific applications or proprietary hardware. Here, we describe technology integration methods that enable invasive and non-invasive brain stimulation devices to interface with a cross-platform game engine and development platform for creating bi-directional brain-computer interfaces (BCI) and XR-based interventions. Furthermore, we present a highly-modifiable software framework and methods for integrating deep brain stimulation (DBS) in 2D, 3D, virtual and mixed reality applications, as well as extensible applications for BCI integration in wireless systems. The source code and integrated brain stimulation applications are available online at https://github.com/oxfordbioelectronics/brain-stim-game.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Landin
- MRC Brain Network Dynamics Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Moaad Benjaber
- MRC Brain Network Dynamics Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Fawad Jamshed
- MRC Brain Network Dynamics Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Charlotte Stagg
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Timothy Denison
- MRC Brain Network Dynamics Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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13
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Fishman MA, Antony A, Esposito M, Deer T, Levy R. The Evolution of Neuromodulation in the Treatment of Chronic Pain: Forward-Looking Perspectives. PAIN MEDICINE 2020; 20:S58-S68. [PMID: 31152176 PMCID: PMC6600066 DOI: 10.1093/pm/pnz074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background The field of neuromodulation is continually evolving, with the past decade showing significant advancement in the therapeutic efficacy of neuromodulation procedures. The continued evolution of neuromodulation technology brings with it the promise of addressing the needs of both patients and physicians, as current technology improves and clinical applications expand. Design This review highlights the current state of the art of neuromodulation for treating chronic pain, describes key areas of development including stimulation patterns and neural targets, expanding indications and applications, feedback-controlled systems, noninvasive approaches, and biomarkers for neuromodulation and technology miniaturization. Results and Conclusions The field of neuromodulation is undergoing a renaissance of technology development with potential for profoundly improving the care of chronic pain patients. New and emerging targets like the dorsal root ganglion, as well as high-frequency and patterned stimulation methodologies such as burst stimulation, are paving the way for better clinical outcomes. As we look forward to the future, neural sensing, novel target-specific stimulation patterns, and approaches combining neuromodulation therapies are likely to significantly impact how neuromodulation is used. Moreover, select biomarkers may influence and guide the use of neuromodulation and help objectively demonstrate efficacy and outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Timothy Deer
- The Spine and Nerve Center of the Virginias, Charleston, West Virginia
| | - Robert Levy
- Institute for Neuromodulation, Boca Raton, Florida, USA
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14
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Vilela M, Hochberg LR. Applications of brain-computer interfaces to the control of robotic and prosthetic arms. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2020; 168:87-99. [PMID: 32164870 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-63934-9.00008-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) have the potential to improve the quality of life of individuals with severe motor disabilities. BCIs capture the user's brain activity and translate it into commands for the control of an effector, such as a computer cursor, robotic limb, or functional electrical stimulation device. Full dexterous manipulation of robotic and prosthetic arms via a BCI system has been a challenge because of the inherent need to decode high dimensional and preferably real-time control commands from the user's neural activity. Nevertheless, such functionality is fundamental if BCI-controlled robotic or prosthetic limbs are to be used for daily activities. In this chapter, we review how this challenge has been addressed by BCI researchers and how new solutions may improve the BCI user experience with robotic effectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Vilela
- School of Engineering and Carney Institute for Brain Science, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Leigh R Hochberg
- School of Engineering and Carney Institute for Brain Science, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States; Center for Neurorestoration and Neurotechnology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Providence, RI, United States; Center for Neurotechnology and Neurorecovery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.
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15
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Gunduz A, Opri E, Gilron R, Kremen V, Worrell G, Starr P, Leyde K, Denison T. Adding wisdom to 'smart' bioelectronic systems: a design framework for physiologic control including practical examples. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 2:29-41. [PMID: 33868718 PMCID: PMC7610621 DOI: 10.2217/bem-2019-0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This perspective provides an overview of how risk can be effectively considered in physiological control loops that strive for semi-to-fully automated operation. The perspective first introduces the motivation, user needs and framework for the design of a physiological closed-loop controller. Then, we discuss specific risk areas and use examples from historical medical devices to illustrate the key concepts. Finally, we provide a design overview of an adaptive bidirectional brain–machine interface, currently undergoing human clinical studies, to synthesize the design principles in an exemplar application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysegul Gunduz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida Gainesville, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Enrico Opri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida Gainesville, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Ro'ee Gilron
- School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco CA 94143, USA
| | - Vaclav Kremen
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Gregory Worrell
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Phil Starr
- School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco CA 94143, USA
| | - Kent Leyde
- Cadence Neuroscience Inc, Sammamish, WA 98074, USA
| | - Timothy Denison
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
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16
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He S, Syed E, Torrecillos F, Tinkhauser G, Fischer P, Pogosyan A, Pereira E, Ashkan K, Hasegawa H, Brown P, Tan H. Beta Oscillation-Targeted Neurofeedback Training Based on Subthalamic LFPs in Parkinsonian Patients. INTERNATIONAL IEEE/EMBS CONFERENCE ON NEURAL ENGINEERING : [PROCEEDINGS]. INTERNATIONAL IEEE EMBS CONFERENCE ON NEURAL ENGINEERING 2019; 2019:81-84. [PMID: 31768227 DOI: 10.1109/ner.2019.8717176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Increased oscillatory activities in the beta frequency band (13-30 Hz) in the subthalamic nucleus (STN), and in particular prolonged episodes of increased synchrony in this frequency band, have been associated with motor symptoms such as bradykinesia and rigidity in Parkinson's disease (PD). Numerous studies have investigated sensorimotor cortical beta oscillations either as a control signal for Brain Computer Interfaces (BCI) or as target signal for neurofeedback training (NFB). However, it still remains unknown whether patients with PD can gain control of the pathological oscillations recorded from a subcortical site - the STN - with neurofeedback training. We tried to address this question in the current study. Specifically, we designed a simple basketball game, in which the position of a basketball changes based on the occurrence of events of temporally increased beta power quantified in real-time. Participants practised in the game to control the position of the basketball, which requires modulation of the beta oscillations recorded from STN local field potentials (LFPs). Our results suggest that it is possible to use neurofeedback training for PD patients to downregulate pathological beta oscillations in STN LFPs, and that this can lead to a reduction of beta oscillations in the cortical-STN motor network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenghong He
- MRC Brain Network Dynamics Unit and Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences in University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Emilie Syed
- MRC Brain Network Dynamics Unit and Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences in University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Flavie Torrecillos
- MRC Brain Network Dynamics Unit and Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences in University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Gerd Tinkhauser
- MRC Brain Network Dynamics Unit and Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences in University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Petra Fischer
- MRC Brain Network Dynamics Unit and Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences in University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Alek Pogosyan
- MRC Brain Network Dynamics Unit and Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences in University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Erlick Pereira
- Neurosurgery and Consultant Neurosurgeon St George's University Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Keyoumars Ashkan
- Department of Neurosurgery, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, King's Health Partners, London, United Kingdom
| | - Harutomo Hasegawa
- Department of Neurosurgery, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, King's Health Partners, London, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Brown
- MRC Brain Network Dynamics Unit and Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences in University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Huiling Tan
- MRC Brain Network Dynamics Unit and Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences in University of Oxford, United Kingdom
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17
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Pei G, Wu J, Chen D, Guo G, Liu S, Hong M, Yan T. Effects of an Integrated Neurofeedback System with Dry Electrodes: EEG Acquisition and Cognition Assessment. SENSORS 2018; 18:s18103396. [PMID: 30314263 PMCID: PMC6211015 DOI: 10.3390/s18103396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Electroencephalogram (EEG) neurofeedback improves cognitive capacity and behaviors by regulating brain activity, which can lead to cognitive enhancement in healthy people and better rehabilitation in patients. The increased use of EEG neurofeedback highlights the urgent need to reduce the discomfort and preparation time and increase the stability and simplicity of the system’s operation. Based on brain-computer interface technology and a multithreading design, we describe a neurofeedback system with an integrated design that incorporates wearable, multichannel, dry electrode EEG acquisition equipment and cognitive function assessment. Then, we evaluated the effectiveness of the system in a single-blind control experiment in healthy people, who increased the alpha frequency band power in a neurofeedback protocol. We found that upregulation of the alpha power density improved working memory following short-term training (only five training sessions in a week), while the attention network regulation may be related to other frequency band activities, such as theta and beta. Our integrated system will be an effective neurofeedback training and cognitive function assessment system for personal and clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangying Pei
- Key Laboratory of Convergence Medical Engineering System and Healthcare Technology, The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Jinglong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Convergence Medical Engineering System and Healthcare Technology, The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Duanduan Chen
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Guoxin Guo
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Shuozhen Liu
- Valley Christian High School, San Jose, CA 55101, USA.
| | - Mingxuan Hong
- School of Life Science and Medicine, Dalian University of Technology, Liaoning 124221, China.
| | - Tianyi Yan
- Key Laboratory of Convergence Medical Engineering System and Healthcare Technology, The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
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18
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Lu DCC, Boulay C, Chan ADC, Sachs AJ. Realtime phase-amplitude coupling analysis of micro electrode recorded brain signals. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0204260. [PMID: 30265705 PMCID: PMC6161890 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0204260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To demonstrate a method to calculate phase amplitude coupling (PAC) quickly and robustly for realtime applications. Methods We designed and implemented a multirate PAC algorithm with efficient filter bank processing and efficient computation of PAC for many frequency-pair combinations. We tested the developed algorithm for computing PAC on simulated data and on intraoperative neural recording data obtained during deep brain stimulation (DBS) electrode implantation surgery. Results A combination of parallelized frequency-domain filtering and modulation index for PAC estimation provided robust results that could be calculated in real time on modest computing hardware. Conclusion The standard methods for calculating PAC can be optimized for quick and robust performance. Significance These results demonstrated that PAC can be extracted in real time and is suitable for neurofeedback applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Chao-Chia Lu
- Department of Systems and Computer Engineering, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Neurosciences, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Chadwick Boulay
- Department of Neurosciences, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine and Brian and Mind Research Institute, The University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
| | - Adrian D. C. Chan
- Department of Systems and Computer Engineering, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Adam J. Sachs
- Department of Systems and Computer Engineering, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Neurosciences, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine and Brian and Mind Research Institute, The University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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19
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Starr PA. Totally Implantable Bidirectional Neural Prostheses: A Flexible Platform for Innovation in Neuromodulation. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:619. [PMID: 30245616 PMCID: PMC6137308 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Implantable neural prostheses are in widespread use for treating a variety of brain disorders. Until recently, most implantable brain devices have been unidirectional, either delivering neurostimulation without brain sensing, or sensing brain activity to drive external effectors without a stimulation component. Further, many neural interfaces that incorporate a sensing function have relied on hardwired connections, such that subjects are tethered to external computers and cannot move freely. A new generation of neural prostheses has become available, that are both bidirectional (stimulate as well as record brain activity) and totally implantable (no externalized connections). These devices provide an opportunity for discovering the circuit basis for neuropsychiatric disorders, and to prototype personalized neuromodulation therapies that selectively interrupt neural activity underlying specific signs and symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip A Starr
- Professor of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
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20
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Swann NC, de Hemptinne C, Thompson MC, Miocinovic S, Miller AM, Gilron R, Ostrem JL, Chizeck HJ, Starr PA. Adaptive deep brain stimulation for Parkinson's disease using motor cortex sensing. J Neural Eng 2018; 15:046006. [PMID: 29741160 PMCID: PMC6021210 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/aabc9b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Contemporary deep brain stimulation (DBS) for Parkinson's disease is delivered continuously, and adjustments based on patient's changing symptoms must be made manually by a trained clinician. Patients may be subjected to energy intensive settings at times when they are not needed, possibly resulting in stimulation-induced adverse effects, such as dyskinesia. One solution is 'adaptive' DBS, in which stimulation is modified in real time based on neural signals that co-vary with the severity of motor signs or of stimulation-induced adverse effects. Here we show the feasibility of adaptive DBS using a fully implanted neural prosthesis. APPROACH We demonstrate adaptive deep brain stimulation in two patients with Parkinson's disease using a fully implanted neural prosthesis that is enabled to utilize brain sensing to control stimulation amplitude (Activa PC + S). We used a cortical narrowband gamma (60-90 Hz) oscillation related to dyskinesia to decrease stimulation voltage when gamma oscillatory activity is high (indicating dyskinesia) and increase stimulation voltage when it is low. MAIN RESULTS We demonstrate the feasibility of 'adaptive deep brain stimulation' in two patients with Parkinson's disease. In short term in-clinic testing, energy savings were substantial (38%-45%), and therapeutic efficacy was maintained. SIGNIFICANCE This is the first demonstration of adaptive DBS in Parkinson's disease using a fully implanted device and neural sensing. Our approach is distinct from other strategies utilizing basal ganglia signals for feedback control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole C Swann
- Departments of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Franciso, CA, United States of America. Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States of America
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21
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Escobar Sanabria D, Johnson LA, Nebeck SD, Zhang J, Johnson MD, Baker KB, Molnar GF, Vitek JL. Parkinsonism and vigilance: alteration in neural oscillatory activity and phase-amplitude coupling in the basal ganglia and motor cortex. J Neurophysiol 2017; 118:2654-2669. [PMID: 28835526 PMCID: PMC5672540 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00388.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Oscillatory neural activity in different frequency bands and phase-amplitude coupling (PAC) are hypothesized to be biomarkers of Parkinson's disease (PD) that could explain dysfunction in the motor circuit and be used for closed-loop deep brain stimulation (DBS). How these putative biomarkers change from the normal to the parkinsonian state across nodes in the motor circuit and within the same subject, however, remains unknown. In this study, we characterized how parkinsonism and vigilance altered oscillatory activity and PAC within the primary motor cortex (M1), subthalamic nucleus (STN), and globus pallidus (GP) in two nonhuman primates. Static and dynamic analyses of local field potential (LFP) recordings indicate that 1) after induction of parkinsonism using the neurotoxin MPTP, low-frequency power (8-30 Hz) increased in the STN and GP in both subjects, but increased in M1 in only one subject; 2) high-frequency power (~330 Hz) was present in the STN in both normal subjects but absent in the parkinsonian condition; 3) elevated PAC measurements emerged in the parkinsonian condition in both animals, but in different sites in each animal (M1 in one subject and GPe in the other); and 4) the state of vigilance significantly impacted how oscillatory activity and PAC were expressed in the motor circuit. These results support the hypothesis that changes in low- and high-frequency oscillatory activity and PAC are features of parkinsonian pathophysiology and provide evidence that closed-loop DBS systems based on these biomarkers may require subject-specific configurations as well as adaptation to changes in vigilance.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Chronically implanted electrodes were used to record neural activity across multiple nodes in the basal ganglia-thalamocortical circuit simultaneously in a nonhuman primate model of Parkinson's disease, enabling within-subject comparisons of electrophysiological biomarkers between normal and parkinsonian conditions and different vigilance states. This study improves our understanding of the role of oscillatory activity and phase-amplitude coupling in the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease and supports the development of more effective DBS therapies based on pathophysiological biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luke A Johnson
- Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota; and
| | - Shane D Nebeck
- Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota; and
| | - Jianyu Zhang
- Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota; and
| | - Matthew D Johnson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Kenneth B Baker
- Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota; and
| | - Gregory F Molnar
- Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota; and
| | - Jerrold L Vitek
- Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota; and
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22
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Slutzky MW, Flint RD. Physiological properties of brain-machine interface input signals. J Neurophysiol 2017; 118:1329-1343. [PMID: 28615329 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00070.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Revised: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain-machine interfaces (BMIs), also called brain-computer interfaces (BCIs), decode neural signals and use them to control some type of external device. Despite many experimental successes and terrific demonstrations in animals and humans, a high-performance, clinically viable device has not yet been developed for widespread usage. There are many factors that impact clinical viability and BMI performance. Arguably, the first of these is the selection of brain signals used to control BMIs. In this review, we summarize the physiological characteristics and performance-including movement-related information, longevity, and stability-of multiple types of input signals that have been used in invasive BMIs to date. These include intracortical spikes as well as field potentials obtained inside the cortex, at the surface of the cortex (electrocorticography), and at the surface of the dura mater (epidural signals). We also discuss the potential for future enhancements in input signal performance, both by improving hardware and by leveraging the knowledge of the physiological characteristics of these signals to improve decoding and stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc W Slutzky
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois; .,Department of Physiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois; and.,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Robert D Flint
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
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23
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Khanna P, Carmena JM. Beta band oscillations in motor cortex reflect neural population signals that delay movement onset. eLife 2017; 6. [PMID: 28467303 PMCID: PMC5468088 DOI: 10.7554/elife.24573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Motor cortical beta oscillations have been reported for decades, yet their behavioral correlates remain unresolved. Some studies link beta oscillations to changes in underlying neural activity, but the specific behavioral manifestations of these reported changes remain elusive. To investigate how changes in population neural activity, beta oscillations, and behavior are linked, we recorded multi-scale neural activity from motor cortex while three macaques performed a novel neurofeedback task. Subjects volitionally brought their beta oscillatory power to an instructed state and subsequently executed an arm reach. Reaches preceded by a reduction in beta power exhibited significantly faster movement onset times than reaches preceded by an increase in beta power. Further, population neural activity was found to shift farther from a movement onset state during beta oscillations that were neurofeedback-induced or naturally occurring during reaching tasks. This finding establishes a population neural basis for slowed movement onset following periods of beta oscillatory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeya Khanna
- UC Berkeley-UCSF Joint Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States
| | - Jose M Carmena
- UC Berkeley-UCSF Joint Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States.,Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States.,Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States
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