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Zhang K, Ding L, Wang X, Zhuang J, Tong S, Jia J, Guo X. Evidence of mirror therapy for recruitment of ipsilateral motor pathways in stroke recovery: A resting fMRI study. Neurotherapeutics 2024; 21:e00320. [PMID: 38262102 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurot.2024.e00320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Mirror therapy (MT) has been proposed to promote motor recovery post-stroke through activation of mirror neuron system, recruitment of ipsilateral motor pathways, or/and increasing attention toward the affected limb. However, neuroimaging evidence for these mechanisms is still lacking. To uncover the underlying mechanisms, we designed a randomized controlled study and used a voxel-based whole-brain analysis of resting-state fMRI to explore the brain reorganizations induced by MT. Thirty-five stroke patients were randomized to an MT group (n = 16) and a conventional therapy (CT) group (n = 19) for a 4-week intervention. Before and after the intervention, the Fugl-Meyer Assessment Upper Limb subscale (FMA-UL) and resting-state fMRI were collected. A healthy cohort (n = 16) was established for fMRI comparison. The changes in fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (fALFF) and seed-based functional connectivity were analyzed to investigate the impact of intervention. Results showed that greater FMA-UL improvement in the MT group was associated with the compensatory increase of fALFF in the contralesional precentral gyrus (M1) region and the re-establishment of functional connectivity between the bilateral M1 regions, which facilitate motor signals transmission via the ipsilateral motor pathways from the ipsilesional M1, contralesional M1, to the affected limb. A step-wise linear regression model revealed these two brain reorganization patterns collaboratively contributed to FMA-UL improvement. In conclusion, MT achieved motor rehabilitation primarily by recruitment of the ipsilateral motor pathways. Trial Registration Information: http://www.chictr.org.cn. Unique Identifier. ChiCTR-INR-17013644, submitted on December 2, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kexu Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Ding
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinyang Zhuang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shanbao Tong
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Jia
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China; National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China; National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xiaoli Guo
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China.
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2
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Lee MT, Chen CC, Lu HL, Hsieh YW. Comparisons of three different modes of digital mirror therapy for post-stroke rehabilitation: Preliminary results of randomized controlled trial. Digit Health 2024; 10:20552076241260536. [PMID: 38846366 PMCID: PMC11155361 DOI: 10.1177/20552076241260536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Technologically adapted mirror therapy shows promising results in improving motor function for stroke survivors. The treatment effects of a newly developed multi-mode stroke rehabilitation system offering multiple training modes in digital mirror therapy remain unknown. This study aimed to examine the effects of unilateral mirror visual feedback (MVF) with unimanual training (UM-UT), unilateral MVF with bimanual training (UM-BT), and bilateral MVF with bimanual training (BM-BT) on clinical outcomes in stroke survivors, compared to classical mirror therapy (CMT). Methods Thirty-five participants were randomly assigned to one of four groups receiving fifteen 60-minute training sessions for 3-4 weeks. The Fugl-Meyer Assessment for Upper Extremity (FMA-UE), Chedoke Arm and Hand Activity Inventory (CAHAI), Revised Nottingham Sensory Assessment (rNSA), Motor Activity Log (MAL), and EQ-5D-5L were administered at pre- and post-intervention and at 1-month follow-up. Results After intervention and follow-up, significant within-group treatment efficacies were found on most primary outcomes of the FMA-UE and CAHAI scores in all four groups. Significant within-group improvements in the secondary outcomes were found on the MAL and EQ-5D-5L index in the UM-BT group, and the rNSA tactile sensation and MAL quality of movement subscales in the BM-BT group. No significant between-group treatment efficacies were found. Conclusions UM-UT, UM-BT, BM-BT, and CMT led to similar clinical effects on the FMA-UE and can be considered effective alternative interventions for post-stroke upper-limb motor rehabilitation. UM-BT and BM-BT showed within-group improvements in functional performance in the patients' affected upper limbs in real-life activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Ta Lee
- Department of Occupational Therapy and Graduate Institute of Behavioral Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chi Chen
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hsuan-Lun Lu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Da-Yeh University, Changhua County, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Wei Hsieh
- Department of Occupational Therapy and Graduate Institute of Behavioral Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
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3
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Chen Z, Yan T, Wu J, Liu Y, Zhang C, Cui T. Sensorimotor rhythm and muscle activity in patients with stroke using mobile serious games to assist upper extremity rehabilitation. FRONTIERS IN REHABILITATION SCIENCES 2023; 4:1234216. [PMID: 38046523 PMCID: PMC10690953 DOI: 10.3389/fresc.2023.1234216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Exercise rehabilitation is crucial for neurological recovery in hemiplegia-induced upper limb dysfunction. Technology-assisted cortical activation in sensorimotor areas has shown potential for restoring motor function. This study assessed the feasibility of mobile serious games for stroke patients' motor rehabilitation. Methods A dedicated mobile application targeted shoulder, elbow, and wrist training. Twelve stroke survivors attempted a motor task under two conditions: serious mobile game-assisted and conventional rehabilitation. Electroencephalography and electromyography measured the therapy effects. Results Patients undergoing game-assisted rehabilitation showed stronger event-related desynchronization (ERD) in the contralateral hemisphere's motor perception areas compared to conventional rehabilitation (p < 0.05). RMS was notably higher in game-assisted rehabilitation, particularly in shoulder training (p < 0.05). Discussion Serious mobile game rehabilitation activated the motor cortex without directly improving muscle activity. This suggests its potential in neurological recovery for stroke patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihe Chen
- School of Art, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tingmin Yan
- School of Art, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinchun Wu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yixuan Liu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chunyun Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Tianjian Cui
- School of Art, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
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Wang D, Ding L, Wang X, Zhang K, Tong S, Jia J, Guo X. The Effect of Mirror Visual Feedback Therapy on the Hand Mental Rotation in Stroke Patients: An ERP study. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2023; 2023:1-4. [PMID: 38083543 DOI: 10.1109/embc40787.2023.10340733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Mirror visual feedback (MVF) intervention is an adjunctive approach for motor recovery after stroke. It has been hypothesized that MVF can increase visual perception, motor imagery, and attention of/to the hands. However, neuroimaging evidence for this hypothesis is still lacking. In this study, we used a hand mental rotation task and event-related potential (ERP) analysis to explore the effect of MVF intervention on visual perception, motor preparation, and motor imagery of hands. We recruited 46 patients and randomly divided them into a mirror visual feedback group (MG) and a conventional intervention group (CG). By comparing ERP amplitude between the two groups and between before and after the intervention, we found that the N200 component, which was considered to be related to motor preparation, was significantly less negative in the affected hemisphere than that in the unaffected counterpart. After intervention, the N200 amplitude became more negative, reflecting a recovery of motor preparation. Specifically, MG showed a significant effect on the N200 for the hand pictures at large orientations, while the CG showed an effect mainly for the upright hand stimuli. The results suggested an improvement of preparation for motor imagery of complex and precise hand movements after MVF intervention.Clinical Relevance- This study might be helpful for understanding the neural mechanisms of MVF which can help stroke patients regain upper extremity function.
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Zhi JF, Liao QH, He YB, Xu WW, Zhu DW, Shao LH. Superior treatment efficacy of neuromodulation rehabilitation for upper limb recovery after stroke: a meta-analysis. Expert Rev Neurother 2022; 22:875-888. [PMID: 36242781 DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2022.2137405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aims to explore the treatment efficacy of different motor rehabilitation interventions for upper limb impairment recovery. RESEARCH DESIGN & METHODS Publications were searched in PubMed and Embase. 4 grouped motor rehabilitation treatments (training, technological intervention, pharmacological intervention, and neuromodulation) were compared. The change of the Fugl-Meyer Assessment Scale for Upper Extremity (FMA-UE) was applied to assess upper limb function after stroke. RESULTS 56 studies including 5292 patients were identified. A significant difference was found among the 4 groups (P = 0.02). Neuromodulation interventions had the best treatment efficacy among the 4 types of interventions (P < 0.01). Among neuromodulation interventions, acupuncture, electric, or magnetic intervention all had therapeutic efficacy for stroke upper limb recovery, without significant subgroup difference (P = 0.34). Stroke patients with mild upper limb impairment might not benefit from motor rehabilitation (P = 0.14). CONCLUSION Neuromodulation interventions might have the best therapeutic efficacy among motor rehabilitation treatments for upper limb impairment after stroke. It is a potential treatment direction for upper limb recovery among stroke patients. However, since a large proportion of the original studies are low to very low-quality evidence, large-scale RCTs should be conducted in the future to validate current findings and assess treatment effects based on patient characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Feng Zhi
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, the First People's Hospital of Jiashan/Jiashan Branch of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qing-Hong Liao
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, the First People's Hospital of Jiashan/Jiashan Branch of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yu-Bo He
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, the First People's Hospital of Jiashan/Jiashan Branch of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wen-Wen Xu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, the First People's Hospital of Jiashan/Jiashan Branch of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dan-Wei Zhu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, the First People's Hospital of Jiashan/Jiashan Branch of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lin-Hong Shao
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, the First People's Hospital of Jiashan/Jiashan Branch of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, China
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Jia J. Exploration on neurobiological mechanisms of the central–peripheral–central closed-loop rehabilitation. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:982881. [PMID: 36119128 PMCID: PMC9479450 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.982881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Central and peripheral interventions for brain injury rehabilitation have been widely employed. However, as patients’ requirements and expectations for stroke rehabilitation have gradually increased, the limitations of simple central intervention or peripheral intervention in the rehabilitation application of stroke patients’ function have gradually emerged. Studies have suggested that central intervention promotes the activation of functional brain regions and improves neural plasticity, whereas peripheral intervention enhances the positive feedback and input of sensory and motor control modes to the central nervous system, thereby promoting the remodeling of brain function. Based on the model of a central–peripheral–central (CPC) closed loop, the integration of center and peripheral interventions was effectively completed to form “closed-loop” information feedback, which could be applied to specific brain areas or function-related brain regions of patients. Notably, the closed loop can also be extended to central and peripheral immune systems as well as central and peripheral organs such as the brain–gut axis and lung–brain axis. In this review article, the model of CPC closed-loop rehabilitation and the potential neuroimmunological mechanisms of a closed-loop approach will be discussed. Further, we highlight critical questions about the neuroimmunological aspects of the closed-loop technique that merit future research attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Jia
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- National Regional Medical Center, Fujian, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China
- *Correspondence: Jie Jia,
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7
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Qiu Y, Zheng Y, Liu Y, Luo W, Du R, Liang J, Yilifate A, You Y, Jiang Y, Zhang J, Chen A, Zhang Y, Huang S, Wang B, Ou H, Lin Q. Synergistic Immediate Cortical Activation on Mirror Visual Feedback Combined With a Soft Robotic Bilateral Hand Rehabilitation System: A Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy Study. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:807045. [PMID: 35185457 PMCID: PMC8855034 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.807045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mirror visual feedback (MVF) has been widely used in neurological rehabilitation. Due to the potential gain effect of the MVF combination therapy, the related mechanisms still need be further analyzed. Methods Our self-controlled study recruited 20 healthy subjects (age 22.150 ± 2.661 years) were asked to perform four different visual feedback tasks with simultaneous functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) monitoring. The right hand of the subjects was set as the active hand (performing active movement), and the left hand was set as the observation hand (static or performing passive movement under soft robotic bilateral hand rehabilitation system). The four VF tasks were designed as RVF Task (real visual feedback task), MVF task (mirror visual feedback task), BRM task (bilateral robotic movement task), and MVF + BRM task (Mirror visual feedback combined with bilateral robotic movement task). Results The beta value of the right pre-motor cortex (PMC) of MVF task was significantly higher than the RVF task (RVF task: -0.015 ± 0.029, MVF task: 0.011 ± 0.033, P = 0.033). The beta value right primary sensorimotor cortex (SM1) in MVF + BRM task was significantly higher than MVF task (MVF task: 0.006 ± 0.040, MVF + BRM task: 0.037 ± 0.036, P = 0.016). Conclusion Our study used the synchronous fNIRS to compare the immediate hemodynamics cortical activation of four visual feedback tasks in healthy subjects. The results showed the synergistic gain effect on cortical activation from MVF combined with a soft robotic bilateral hand rehabilitation system for the first time, which could be used to guide the clinical application and the future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxian Qiu
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuxin Zheng
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yawen Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenxi Luo
- Department of Rehabilitation, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rongwei Du
- Department of Rehabilitation, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junjie Liang
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Anniwaer Yilifate
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaoyao You
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongchun Jiang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiahui Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Aijia Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanni Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Siqi Huang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Benguo Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Longgang District People’s Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Third Affiliated Hospital of The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Haining Ou
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Haining Ou,
| | - Qiang Lin
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Qiang Lin,
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Hsieh YW, Lee MT, Chen CC, Hsu FL, Wu CY. Development and user experience of an innovative multi-mode stroke rehabilitation system for the arm and hand for patients with stroke. Sci Rep 2022; 12:1868. [PMID: 35115543 PMCID: PMC8813916 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-05314-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Many individuals with stroke experience upper-limb motor deficits, and a recent trend is to develop novel devices for enhancing their motor function. This study aimed to develop a new upper-limb rehabilitation system with the integration of two rehabilitation therapies into one system, digital mirror therapy (MT) and action observation therapy (AOT), and to test the usability of this system. In the part I study, the new system was designed to operate in multiple training modes of digital MT (i.e., unilateral and bilateral modes) and AOT (i.e., pre-recorded and self-recorded videos) with self-developed software. In the part II study, 4 certified occupational therapists and 10 stroke patients were recruited for evaluating usability. The System Usability Scale (SUS) (maximum score = 100) and a self-designed questionnaire (maximum score = 50) were used. The mean scores of the SUS were 79.38 and 80.00, and those of the self-designed questionnaire were 41.00 and 42.80, respectively, for the therapists and patients after using this system, which indicated good usability and user experiences. This novel upper-limb rehabilitation system with good usability might be further used to increase the delivery of two emerging rehabilitation therapies, digital AOT and MT, to individuals with stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Wei Hsieh
- Department of Occupational Therapy and Graduate Institute of Behavioral Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, No. 259, Wenhua 1st Rd., Guishan Dist., Taoyuan City, 33302, Taiwan. .,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, 33305, Taiwan.
| | - Meng-Ta Lee
- Department of Occupational Therapy and Graduate Institute of Behavioral Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, No. 259, Wenhua 1st Rd., Guishan Dist., Taoyuan City, 33302, Taiwan.
| | - Chih-Chi Chen
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, 33305, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 33302, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Lin Hsu
- Department of Occupational Therapy and Graduate Institute of Behavioral Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, No. 259, Wenhua 1st Rd., Guishan Dist., Taoyuan City, 33302, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yi Wu
- Department of Occupational Therapy and Graduate Institute of Behavioral Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, No. 259, Wenhua 1st Rd., Guishan Dist., Taoyuan City, 33302, Taiwan.,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, 33305, Taiwan.,Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 33302, Taiwan
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9
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Zhuang JY, Ding L, Shu BB, Chen D, Jia J. Associated Mirror Therapy Enhances Motor Recovery of the Upper Extremity and Daily Function after Stroke: A Randomized Control Study. Neural Plast 2021; 2021:7266263. [PMID: 34630560 PMCID: PMC8494575 DOI: 10.1155/2021/7266263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bimanual cooperation plays a vital role in functions of the upper extremity and daily activities. Based on the principle of bilateral movement, mirror therapy could provide bimanual cooperation training. However, conventional mirror therapy could not achieve the isolation of the mirror. A novel paradigm mirror therapy called associated mirror therapy (AMT) was proposed to achieve bimanual cooperation task-based mirror visual feedback isolating from the mirror. The study was aimed at exploring the feasibility and effectiveness of AMT on stroke patients. We conducted a single-blind, randomized controlled trial. Thirty-six eligible patients were equally assigned into the experimental group (EG) receiving AMT and the control group (CG) receiving bimanual training without mirroring for five days/week, lasting four weeks. The Fugl-Meyer Assessment Upper Limb subscale (FMA-UL) for upper extremity motor impairment was used as the primary outcome. The secondary outcomes were the Box and Block Test (BBT) and Functional Independence Measure (FIM) for motor and daily function. All patients participated in trials throughout without adverse events or side effects. The scores of FMA-UL and FIM improved significantly in both groups following the intervention. Compared to CG, the scores of FMA-UL and FIM were improved more significantly in EG after the intervention. The BBT scores were improved significantly for EG following the intervention, but no differences were found in the BBT scores of CG after the intervention. However, no differences in BBT scores were observed between the two groups. In summary, our study suggested that AMT was a feasible and practical approach to enhance the motor recovery of paretic arms and daily function in stroke patients. Furthermore, AMT may improve manual dexterity for poststroke rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Yang Zhuang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Ding
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bei-Bei Shu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai Jing'an District Central Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Dan Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai Jing'an District Central Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Jia
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai Jing'an District Central Hospital, Shanghai, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, China
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Rong J, Ding L, Xiong L, Zhang W, Wang W, Deng M, Wang Y, Chen Z, Jia J. Mirror Visual Feedback Prior to Robot-Assisted Training Facilitates Rehabilitation After Stroke: A Randomized Controlled Study. Front Neurol 2021; 12:683703. [PMID: 34305792 PMCID: PMC8297738 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.683703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Robot-assisted training has been widely used in neurorehabilitation, but its effect on facilitating recovery after stroke remains controversial. One possible reason might be lacking consideration of the role of embodiment in robotic systems. Mirror visual feedback is an ideal method to approach embodiment. Thus, we hypothesized that mirror visual feedback priming with subsequent robot-assisted training might provide additional treatment benefits in rehabilitation. Method: This is a prospective, assessor-blinded, randomized, controlled study. Forty subacute stroke patients were randomly assigned into an experimental group (N = 20) or a control group (N = 20). They received either mirror visual feedback or sham-mirror visual feedback prior to robot-assisted training for 1.5 h/day, 5 days/week for 4 weeks. Before and after intervention, the Fugl-Meyer Assessment Upper Limb subscale, the Functional Independence Measure, the modified Barthel Index, and grip strength were measured. Scores of four specified games were recorded pre and post one-time mirror visual feedback priming before intervention in the experimental group. Results: All measurements improved significantly in both groups following interventions. Moreover, the Fugl-Meyer Assessment Upper Limb subscale, self-care subscale of the Functional Independence Measure, and the grip strength were improved significantly in the experimental group after a 4-week intervention, compared with the control group. Significantly higher scores of two games were revealed after one-time priming. Conclusions: Mirror visual feedback prior to robot-assisted training could prompt motor recovery, increase ability of self-care, and potentially enhance grip strength in stroke patients, compared to control treatment. Moreover, mirror visual feedback priming might have the capability to improve the patient's performance and engagement during robot-assisted training, which could prompt the design and development of robotic systems. Clinical Trial Registration: www.ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier: ChiCTR1900023356.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jifeng Rong
- The Center of Rehabilitation Therapy, The First Rehabilitation Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Ding
- The Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Xiong
- The Center of Rehabilitation Therapy, The First Rehabilitation Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- The Center of Rehabilitation Therapy, The First Rehabilitation Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Weining Wang
- The Center of Rehabilitation Therapy, The First Rehabilitation Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Meikui Deng
- The Center of Rehabilitation Therapy, The First Rehabilitation Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Yana Wang
- The Center of Rehabilitation Therapy, The First Rehabilitation Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen Chen
- The Neurorehabilitation Centre, The First Rehabilitation Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Jia
- The Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,The National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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11
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Zhang JJ, Fong KNK. The Modulatory Effects of Intermittent Theta Burst Stimulation in Combination With Mirror Hand Motor Training on Functional Connectivity: A Proof-of-Concept Study. Front Neural Circuits 2021; 15:548299. [PMID: 33994954 PMCID: PMC8116554 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2021.548299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mirror training (MT) is an observation-based motor learning strategy. Intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS) is an accelerated form of excitatory repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) that has been used to enhance the cortical excitability of the motor cortices. This study aims to investigate the combined effects of iTBS with MT on the resting state functional connectivity at alpha frequency band in healthy adults. Eighteen healthy adults were randomized into one of three groups—Group 1: iTBS plus MT, Group 2: iTBS plus sham MT, and Group 3: sham iTBS plus MT. Participants in Groups 1 and 3 observed the mirror illusion of the moving (right) hand in a plain mirror for four consecutive sessions, one session/day, while participants in Group 2 received the same training with a covered mirror. Real or sham iTBS was applied daily over right motor cortex prior to the training. Resting state electroencephalography (EEG) at baseline and post-training was recorded when participants closed their eyes. The mixed-effects model demonstrated a significant interaction effect in the coherence between FC4 and C4 channels, favoring participants in Group 1 over Group 3 (Δβ = −0.84, p = 0.048). A similar effect was also found in the coherence between FC3 and FC4 channels favoring Group 1 over Group 3 (Δβ = −0.43, p = 0.049). In contrast to sham iTBS combined with MT, iTBS combined with MT may strengthen the functional connectivity between bilateral premotor cortices and ipsilaterally within the motor cortex of the stimulated hemisphere. In contrast to sham MT, real MT, when combined with iTBS, might diminish the connectivity among the contralateral parietal–frontal areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack Jiaqi Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
| | - Kenneth N K Fong
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
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Ding L, He J, Yao L, Zhuang J, Chen S, Wang H, Jiang N, Jia J. Mirror Visual Feedback Combining Vibrotactile Stimulation Promotes Embodiment Perception: An Electroencephalogram (EEG) Pilot Study. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:553270. [PMID: 33195118 PMCID: PMC7649359 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.553270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
As one determinant of the efficacy of mirror visual feedback (MVF) in neurorehabilitation, the embodiment perception needs to be sustainable and enhanced. This study explored integrating vibrotactile stimulation into MVF to promote the embodiment perception and provide evidence of the potential mechanism of MVF. In the experiment, the participants were instructed to keep their dominant hand still (static side), while open and close their non-dominant hand (active side) and concentrate on the image of the hand movement in the mirror. They were asked to tap the pedal with the foot of the active side once the embodiment perception is generated. A vibrotactile stimulator was attached on the hand of the active side, and three conditions were investigated: no vibration (NV), continuous vibration (CV), and intermittent vibration (IV). The effects were analyzed on both objective data, including latency time (LT) and electroencephalogram (EEG) signals, and subjective data, including embodiment questionnaire (EQ). Results of LT and EQ suggested a stronger subjective sense of embodiment under the condition of CV and IV, comparing with NV. No significant difference was found between CV and IV. EEG analysis showed that in the hemisphere of the static side, the desynchronization of CV and IV around the central-frontal region (C3 and F3) in the alpha band (8–13 Hz) was significantly prominent compared to NV, and in the hemisphere of the active side, the desynchronization of three conditions was similar. The network analysis of EEG data indicated that there was no significant difference in the efficiency of neural communication under the three conditions. These results demonstrated that MVF combined with vibrotactile stimulation could strengthen the embodiment perception with increases in motor cortical activation, which indicated an evidence-based protocol of MVF to facilitate the recovery of patients with stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ding
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiayuan He
- Department of Systems Design Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Lin Yao
- Department of Neurobiology, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, and the MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinyang Zhuang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shugeng Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hewei Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ning Jiang
- Department of Systems Design Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Jie Jia
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Ding L, Wang X, Chen S, Wang H, Tian J, Rong J, Shao P, Tong S, Guo X, Jia J. Camera-Based Mirror Visual Input for Priming Promotes Motor Recovery, Daily Function, and Brain Network Segregation in Subacute Stroke Patients. Neurorehabil Neural Repair 2019; 33:307-318. [PMID: 30909797 DOI: 10.1177/1545968319836207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Camera technique-based mirror visual feedback (MVF) is an optimal interface for mirror therapy. However, its efficiency for stroke rehabilitation and the underlying neural mechanisms remain unclear. OBJECTIVE To investigate the possible treatment benefits of camera-based MVF (camMVF) for priming prior to hand function exercise in subacute stroke patients, and to reveal topological reorganization of brain network in response to the intervention. METHODS Twenty subacute stroke patients were assigned randomly to the camMVF group (MG, N = 10) or a conventional group (CG, N = 10). Before, and after 2 and 4 weeks of intervention, the Fugl-Meyer Assessment Upper Limb subscale (FMA_UL), the Functional Independence Measure (FIM), the modified Ashworth Scale (MAS), manual muscle testing (MMT), and the Berg Balance Scale (BBS) were measured. Resting-state electroencephalography (EEG) signals were recorded before and after 4-week intervention. RESULTS The MG showed more improvements in the FMA_UL, the FMA_WH (wrist and hand), and the FIM than the CG. The clustering coefficient (CC) of the resting EEG network in the alpha band was increased globally in the MG after intervention but not in the CG. Nodal CC analyses revealed that the CC in the MG tended to increase in the ipsilesional occipital and temporal areas, and the bilateral central and parietal areas, suggesting improved local efficiency of communication in the visual, somatosensory, and motor areas. The changes of nodal CC at TP8 and PO8 were significantly positively correlated with the motor recovery. CONCLUSIONS The camMVF-based priming could improve the motor recovery, daily function, and brain network segregation in subacute stroke patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ding
- 1 Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu Wang
- 2 Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shugeng Chen
- 1 Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hewei Wang
- 1 Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Tian
- 1 Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jifeng Rong
- 3 The First Rehabilitation Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Shao
- 1 Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Xiaoli Guo
- 2 Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Jia
- 1 Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Ding L, Wang X, Guo X, Chen S, Wang H, Cui X, Rong J, Jia J. Effects of camera-based mirror visual feedback therapy for patients who had a stroke and the neural mechanisms involved: protocol of a multicentre randomised control study. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e022828. [PMID: 30833310 PMCID: PMC6443084 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-022828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION As a combination of visual stimulation and motor imagery, mirror visual feedback (MVF) is an effective treatment for motor impairment after stroke; however, few studies have investigated its effects on relevant cognitive processes such as visual perception and motor imagery. Camera-based MVF (camMVF) overcomes the intrinsic limitations of real mirrors and is recognised as an optimal setup. This study aims to investigate the effects of camMVF as an adjunct treatment for stroke patients, compare camMVF outcomes with those of conventional therapy and elucidate neural mechanisms through which MVF influences cognition and brain networks. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This will be a multicentre, single-blinded, randomised controlled trial including 90 patients randomised into three groups: camera-based mirror visual feedback intervention group (30), shielded mirror visual feedback intervention group (30) and conventional group (30). Patients in each group will receive a 60 min intervention 5 days per week over 4 weeks. The primary outcome will be the Fugl-Meyer Assessment Upper Limb subscale measurement. Secondary outcomes include the modified Ashworth Scale, Grip Strength test, Modified Barthel Index, Functional Independence Measure, Berg Balance Scale, 10-metre walking test, hand-laterality task and electroencephalography . ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethics approval was granted by the Huashan Hospital Institutional Review Board on 15 March (KY2017-230). We plan to submit the results to a peer-reviewed journal and present them at conferences, rehabilitation forums and to the general public. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ChiCTR-INR-17013644; Pre-results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ding
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoli Guo
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shugeng Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hewei Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Cui
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai Changning Tianshan Traditional Medicine Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jifeng Rong
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The first Rehabilitation Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Jia
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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