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Hu L, Fu L, Ren X, Jin R, Qiu C, Xu Z, Li X, Yan Y. Broad bandwidth and excellent thermal stability in BiScO 3-PbTiO 3 high-temperature ultrasonic transducer for non-destructive testing. ULTRASONICS 2024; 143:107427. [PMID: 39116791 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2024.107427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
High-temperature ultrasonic transducer (HTUT) is essential for non-destructive testing (NDT) in harsh environments. In this paper, a HTUT based on BiScO3-PbTiO3 (BS-PT) piezoelectric ceramics was developed, and the effect of different backing layers on its bandwidth were analyzed. The HTUT demonstrates a broad bandwidth and excellent thermal stability with operation temperature up to 400 °C. By using a 10 mm thick porous alumina backing layer, the HTUT achieves a broad -6 dB bandwidth of 100 %, which is about 4 times superior to the transducer with an air backing layer. The center frequency (fc) of the HTUT remains stable with fluctuations of less than 10 % across the temperature range from room temperature to 400 °C. The HTUT successfully detected simulated defects in pulse-echo mode for NDT over 200 °C. This research not only advances high-temperature ultrasonic transducer technology but also expands the NDT applications in harsh environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqing Hu
- Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education and International Center for Dielectric Research, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Liwen Fu
- Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education and International Center for Dielectric Research, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Xiaodan Ren
- Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education and International Center for Dielectric Research, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Ruoqi Jin
- Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education and International Center for Dielectric Research, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Chenyu Qiu
- Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education and International Center for Dielectric Research, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Zhuo Xu
- Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education and International Center for Dielectric Research, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Xiaotian Li
- College of Semiconductors, College of Integrated Circuits, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China.
| | - Yongke Yan
- Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education and International Center for Dielectric Research, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
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Cai Y, Xu L, Zhang T, Suo D, Ma J. Ultrasound transducers with both imaging and power output capabilities by anti-matching at backing layers. APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS 2024; 124. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0191191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/11/2024]
Abstract
Precise ultrasound therapy requires long-term power output and imaging guidance. However, traditional therapeutic transducers do not have imaging capabilities due to the low bandwidth and long ringing. Whereas for a diagnostic transducer, 20%–30% of the energy is dissipated as heat in the backing layer, resulting in degradation of the transducer under high duty cycle and high voltage excitation. Therefore, the transducers with both power output and imaging capabilities are unmet demands for precise ultrasonic treatment. To address this problem, we propose an ultrasound transducer with both imaging and power output capabilities. An anti-matching layer is designed at the position of the backing layer of the transducer, which reflects the backward ultrasound waves to forward waves. Therefore, the majority of the energy is transmitted efficiently and little energy is dissipated in the backing layer. Finite element simulations demonstrated that a double-layer anti-matching design reflects 99.8% of the backward energy, resulting in an insertion loss of −27.7 dB. The performance was validated by a transducer prototype with transmission measurement using hydrophone and pulse-echo test. This design of transducers with both imaging and power output capabilities indicates a promising application of self-guided ultrasound therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqi Cai
- School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronics Engineering, Beihang University 1 , Beijing 100191, China
| | - Lijun Xu
- School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronics Engineering, Beihang University 1 , Beijing 100191, China
| | - Teng Zhang
- School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronics Engineering, Beihang University 1 , Beijing 100191, China
| | - Dingjie Suo
- School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology 2 , Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jianguo Ma
- School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronics Engineering, Beihang University 1 , Beijing 100191, China
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Zhang L, Du W, Kim JH, Yu CC, Dagdeviren C. An Emerging Era: Conformable Ultrasound Electronics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2307664. [PMID: 37792426 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202307664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Conformable electronics are regarded as the next generation of personal healthcare monitoring and remote diagnosis devices. In recent years, piezoelectric-based conformable ultrasound electronics (cUSE) have been intensively studied due to their unique capabilities, including nonradiative monitoring, soft tissue imaging, deep signal decoding, wireless power transfer, portability, and compatibility. This review provides a comprehensive understanding of cUSE for use in biomedical and healthcare monitoring systems and a summary of their recent advancements. Following an introduction to the fundamentals of piezoelectrics and ultrasound transducers, the critical parameters for transducer design are discussed. Next, five types of cUSE with their advantages and limitations are highlighted, and the fabrication of cUSE using advanced technologies is discussed. In addition, the working function, acoustic performance, and accomplishments in various applications are thoroughly summarized. It is noted that application considerations must be given to the tradeoffs between material selection, manufacturing processes, acoustic performance, mechanical integrity, and the entire integrated system. Finally, current challenges and directions for the development of cUSE are highlighted, and research flow is provided as the roadmap for future research. In conclusion, these advances in the fields of piezoelectric materials, ultrasound transducers, and conformable electronics spark an emerging era of biomedicine and personal healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhang
- Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Wenya Du
- Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Jin-Hoon Kim
- Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Chia-Chen Yu
- Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Canan Dagdeviren
- Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
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Toffessi Siewe S, Callé S, Vander Meulen F, Valente D, Grégoire JM, Banquart A, Chevalliot S, Capri A, Levassort F. High Acoustic Impedance and Attenuation Backing for High-Frequency Focused P(VDF-TrFE)-Based Transducers. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:4686. [PMID: 37430599 DOI: 10.3390/s23104686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Backing materials with tailored acoustic properties are beneficial for miniaturized ultrasonic transducer design. Whereas piezoelectric P(VDF-TrFE) films are common elements in high-frequency (>20 MHz) transducer design, their low coupling coefficient limits their sensitivity. Defining a suitable sensitivity-bandwidth trade-off for miniaturized high-frequency applications requires backings with impedances of >25 MRayl and strongly attenuating to account for miniaturized requirements. The motivation of this work is related to several medical applications such as small animal, skin or eye imaging. Simulations showed that increasing the acoustic impedance of the backing from 4.5 to 25 MRayl increases transducer sensitivity by 5 dB but decreases the bandwidth, which nevertheless remains high enough for the targeted applications. In this paper, porous sintered bronze material with spherically shaped grains, size-adapted for 25-30 MHz frequency, was impregnated with tin or epoxy resin to create multiphasic metallic backings. Microstructural characterizations of these new multiphasic composites showed that impregnation was incomplete and that a third air phase was present. The selected composites, sintered bronze-tin-air and sintered bronze-epoxy-air, at 5-35 MHz characterization, produced attenuation coefficients of 1.2 and >4 dB/mm/MHz and impedances of 32.4 and 26.4 MRayl, respectively. High-impedance composites were adopted as backing (thickness = 2 mm) to fabricate focused single-element P(VDF-TrFE)-based transducers (focal distance = 14 mm). The center frequency was 27 MHz, while the bandwidth at -6 dB was 65% for the sintered-bronze-tin-air-based transducer. We evaluated imaging performance using a pulse-echo system on a tungsten wire (diameter = 25 μm) phantom. Images confirmed the viability of integrating these backings in miniaturized transducers for imaging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean Toffessi Siewe
- GREMAN, UMR 7347, University of Tours, CNRS, INSA Centre Val de la Loire, 37200 Tours, France
- INSERM Imaging and Brain, UMR 1253, 37000 Tours, France
- Carestream Dental France, 77183 Croissy-Beaubourg, France
| | - Samuel Callé
- GREMAN, UMR 7347, University of Tours, CNRS, INSA Centre Val de la Loire, 37200 Tours, France
| | - François Vander Meulen
- GREMAN, UMR 7347, University of Tours, CNRS, INSA Centre Val de la Loire, 37200 Tours, France
| | - Damien Valente
- GREMAN, UMR 7347, University of Tours, CNRS, INSA Centre Val de la Loire, 37200 Tours, France
| | | | - Aline Banquart
- Carestream Dental France, 77183 Croissy-Beaubourg, France
| | | | - Arnaud Capri
- Carestream Dental France, 77183 Croissy-Beaubourg, France
| | - Franck Levassort
- GREMAN, UMR 7347, University of Tours, CNRS, INSA Centre Val de la Loire, 37200 Tours, France
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