1
|
Xue C, He N, Zhao X, Ni Y, Wang B, Tong Y, Tang Q, Liu Y. Submicron-Thickness Ultraflexible Organic Light-Emitting Diodes via a Photoregulated Stripping Strategy. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2024; 16:14015-14025. [PMID: 38446708 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c17782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
With the rapid advances in imperceptible and epidermal electronics, the research on ultraflexible organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) has become increasingly significant, owing to their excellent flexibility and conformability to the human body. It is highly desirable to develop submicrometer-thick ultraflexible OLEDs to enable the devices to seamlessly conform to the surface of arbitrary-shaped objects and still function properly. However, it remains a huge challenge for currently reported OLEDs due to the lack of an appropriate stripping strategy. Here, for the first time, we develop a facile photoregulated stripping strategy for the fabrication of high-performance ultraflexible OLEDs with submicron thickness. Under ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, the surface adhesion force of the ultrathin photopolymer membrane can be adjusted from 16.9 to 5.1 N/m, thereby effectively controlling the laminating and detaching process. Based on this strategy, the resultant device thickness is as low as 0.821 μm, which is the lowest record among flexible OLEDs reported to date. More remarkably, excellent electrical properties with a maximum current efficiency (CE) of 62.5 cd/A, an external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 17.8%, and a low turn-on voltage of 2.5 V are realized, which are superior to almost all of the reported ultraflexible OLEDs with thicknesses below 10 μm. Based on versatile ultraflexible OLEDs, all-organic and skin-mounted displays are successfully realized by employing a conformable organic thin-film transistor (OTFT) as the driver. This work offers a feasible strategy for advancing OLEDs from flexible to ultraflexible, showing significant application potential in future epidermal electronics and conformal displays.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chuang Xue
- Center for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research, and Key Lab of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Ning He
- Center for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research, and Key Lab of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhao
- Center for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research, and Key Lab of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Yanping Ni
- Center for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research, and Key Lab of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Center for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research, and Key Lab of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Yanhong Tong
- Center for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research, and Key Lab of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Qingxin Tang
- Center for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research, and Key Lab of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Yichun Liu
- Center for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research, and Key Lab of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhang L, Du W, Kim JH, Yu CC, Dagdeviren C. An Emerging Era: Conformable Ultrasound Electronics. Adv Mater 2024; 36:e2307664. [PMID: 37792426 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202307664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Conformable electronics are regarded as the next generation of personal healthcare monitoring and remote diagnosis devices. In recent years, piezoelectric-based conformable ultrasound electronics (cUSE) have been intensively studied due to their unique capabilities, including nonradiative monitoring, soft tissue imaging, deep signal decoding, wireless power transfer, portability, and compatibility. This review provides a comprehensive understanding of cUSE for use in biomedical and healthcare monitoring systems and a summary of their recent advancements. Following an introduction to the fundamentals of piezoelectrics and ultrasound transducers, the critical parameters for transducer design are discussed. Next, five types of cUSE with their advantages and limitations are highlighted, and the fabrication of cUSE using advanced technologies is discussed. In addition, the working function, acoustic performance, and accomplishments in various applications are thoroughly summarized. It is noted that application considerations must be given to the tradeoffs between material selection, manufacturing processes, acoustic performance, mechanical integrity, and the entire integrated system. Finally, current challenges and directions for the development of cUSE are highlighted, and research flow is provided as the roadmap for future research. In conclusion, these advances in the fields of piezoelectric materials, ultrasound transducers, and conformable electronics spark an emerging era of biomedicine and personal healthcare.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhang
- Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Wenya Du
- Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Jin-Hoon Kim
- Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Chia-Chen Yu
- Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Canan Dagdeviren
- Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Franco M, Motealleh A, Costa CM, Perinka N, Ribeiro C, Tubio CR, Carabineiro SA, Costa P, Lanceros-Méndez S. Environmentally Friendlier Printable Conductive and Piezoresistive Sensing Materials Compatible with Conformable Electronics. ACS Appl Polym Mater 2023; 5:7144-7154. [PMID: 37705715 PMCID: PMC10496113 DOI: 10.1021/acsapm.3c01151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Flexible and conformable conductive composites have been developed using different polymers, including water-based polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), chemical-resistant polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), and elastomeric styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene (SEBS) reinforced with nitrogen-doped reduced graphene oxide with suitable viscosity in composites for printable solutions with functional properties. Manufactured by screen-printing using low-toxicity solvents, leading to more environmentally friendly conductive materials, the materials present an enormous step toward functional devices. The materials were enhanced in terms of filler/binder ratio, achieving screen-printed films with a sheet resistance lower than Rsq < 100 Ω/sq. The materials are biocompatible and support bending deformations up to 10 mm with piezoresistive performance for the different polymers up to 100 bending cycles. The piezoresistive performance of the SEBS binder is greater than double that the other composites, with a gauge factor near 4. Thermoforming was applied to all materials, with the PVP-based ones showing the lowest electrical resistance after the bending process. These conductive materials open a path for developing sustainable and functional devices for printable and conformable electronics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Franco
- Center
of Physics, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- Institute
of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustaninability (IB-S), University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | | | - Carlos M. Costa
- Center
of Physics, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- Institute
of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustaninability (IB-S), University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Nikola Perinka
- BCMaterials,
Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, UPV/EHU Science Park, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Clarisse Ribeiro
- Center
of Physics, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- LaPMET -
Laboratory of Physics for Materials and Emergent Technologies, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Carmen R Tubio
- BCMaterials,
Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, UPV/EHU Science Park, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | | | - Pedro Costa
- Center
of Physics, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- Institute
for Polymers and Composites (IPC), University
of Minho, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Senentxu Lanceros-Méndez
- Center
of Physics, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- BCMaterials,
Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, UPV/EHU Science Park, 48940 Leioa, Spain
- LaPMET -
Laboratory of Physics for Materials and Emergent Technologies, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- IKERBASQUE,
Basque Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Khodagholy D, Ferrero JJ, Park J, Zhao Z, Gelinas JN. Large-scale, closed-loop interrogation of neural circuits underlying cognition. Trends Neurosci 2022; 45:968-983. [PMID: 36404457 PMCID: PMC10437206 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2022.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive functions are increasingly understood to involve coordinated activity patterns between multiple brain regions, and their disruption by neuropsychiatric disorders is similarly complex. Closed-loop neurostimulation can directly modulate neural signals with temporal and spatial precision. How to leverage such an approach to effectively identify and target distributed neural networks implicated in mediating cognition remains unclear. We review current conceptual and technical advances in this area, proposing that devices that enable large-scale acquisition, integrated processing, and multiregion, arbitrary waveform stimulation will be critical for mechanistically driven manipulation of cognitive processes in physiological and pathological brain networks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dion Khodagholy
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.
| | - Jose J Ferrero
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 701 W 168(th) St., New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Jaehyo Park
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Zifang Zhao
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 701 W 168(th) St., New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Jennifer N Gelinas
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 701 W 168(th) St., New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA..
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Taccola S, Poliziani A, Santonocito D, Mondini A, Denk C, Ide AN, Oberparleiter M, Greco F, Mattoli V. Toward the Use of Temporary Tattoo Electrodes for Impedancemetric Respiration Monitoring and Other Electrophysiological Recordings on Skin. Sensors (Basel) 2021; 21:s21041197. [PMID: 33567724 PMCID: PMC7915056 DOI: 10.3390/s21041197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The development of dry, ultra-conformable and unperceivable temporary tattoo electrodes (TTEs), based on the ink-jet printing of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) on top of commercially available temporary tattoo paper, has gained increasing attention as a new and promising technology for electrophysiological recordings on skin. In this work, we present a TTEs epidermal sensor for real time monitoring of respiration through transthoracic impedance measurements, exploiting a new design, based on the application of soft screen printed Ag ink and magnetic interlink, that guarantees a repositionable, long-term stable and robust interconnection of TTEs with external “docking” devices. The efficiency of the TTE and the proposed interconnection strategy under stretching (up to 10%) and over time (up to 96 h) has been verified on a dedicated experimental setup and on humans, fulfilling the proposed specific application of transthoracic impedance measurements. The proposed approach makes this technology suitable for large-scale production and suitable not only for the specific use case presented, but also for real time monitoring of different bio-electric signals, as demonstrated through specific proof of concept demonstrators.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Taccola
- Center for Micro-BioRobotics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, Pontedera, 56025 Pisa, Italy; (A.P.); (A.M.)
- Future Manufacturing Processes Research Group, School of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
- Correspondence: (S.T.); (F.G.); (V.M.)
| | - Aliria Poliziani
- Center for Micro-BioRobotics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, Pontedera, 56025 Pisa, Italy; (A.P.); (A.M.)
- The BioRobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, Pontedera, 56025 Pisa, Italy
- Department of Excellence in Robotics & AI, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Piazza Martiri della Libertà, 33, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Daniele Santonocito
- Emerging Application Department, MED-EL Elektromedizinische Geräte Gesellschaft m.b.H., Fürstenweg 77a, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (D.S.); (C.D.); (A.N.I.); (M.O.)
| | - Alessio Mondini
- Center for Micro-BioRobotics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, Pontedera, 56025 Pisa, Italy; (A.P.); (A.M.)
| | - Christian Denk
- Emerging Application Department, MED-EL Elektromedizinische Geräte Gesellschaft m.b.H., Fürstenweg 77a, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (D.S.); (C.D.); (A.N.I.); (M.O.)
| | - Alessandro Noriaki Ide
- Emerging Application Department, MED-EL Elektromedizinische Geräte Gesellschaft m.b.H., Fürstenweg 77a, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (D.S.); (C.D.); (A.N.I.); (M.O.)
| | - Markus Oberparleiter
- Emerging Application Department, MED-EL Elektromedizinische Geräte Gesellschaft m.b.H., Fürstenweg 77a, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (D.S.); (C.D.); (A.N.I.); (M.O.)
| | - Francesco Greco
- Center for Micro-BioRobotics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, Pontedera, 56025 Pisa, Italy; (A.P.); (A.M.)
- Institute of Solid State Physics, NAWI Graz, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 16, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Correspondence: (S.T.); (F.G.); (V.M.)
| | - Virgilio Mattoli
- Center for Micro-BioRobotics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, Pontedera, 56025 Pisa, Italy; (A.P.); (A.M.)
- Correspondence: (S.T.); (F.G.); (V.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Reuveny A, Lee S, Yokota T, Fuketa H, Siket CM, Lee S, Sekitani T, Sakurai T, Bauer S, Someya T. High-Frequency, Conformable Organic Amplifiers. Adv Mater 2016; 28:3298-3304. [PMID: 26922899 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201505381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2015] [Revised: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Large-bandwidth, low-operation-voltage, and uniform organic amplifiers are fabricated on ultrathin foils. By the integration of short-channel OTFTs and AlOx capacitors, organic amplifiers with a bandwidth of 25 kHz are realized, demonstrating the highest gain-bandwidth product (GBWP) reported to date. Owing to material and process advancements, closed-loop architectures operate at frequencies of several kilohertz with an area smaller than 30 mm(2) .
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amir Reuveny
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Sunghoon Lee
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Yokota
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Fuketa
- Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 153-8505, Japan
| | - Christian M Siket
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
- Linz Institute of Technology LIT, Soft Matter Physics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, 4040, Linz, Austria
| | - Sungwon Lee
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Sekitani
- Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (ISIR), Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka, 567-0047, Japan
| | - Takayasu Sakurai
- Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 153-8505, Japan
| | - Siegfried Bauer
- Linz Institute of Technology LIT, Soft Matter Physics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, 4040, Linz, Austria
| | - Takao Someya
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zucca A, Cipriani C, Sudha, Tarantino S, Ricci D, Mattoli V, Greco F. Tattoo conductive polymer nanosheets for skin-contact applications. Adv Healthc Mater 2015; 4:983-90. [PMID: 25702914 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201400761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Revised: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Conductive tattoo nanosheets are fabricated on top of decal transfer paper and transferred on target surfaces as temporary transfer tattoos. Circuits are patterned with ink-jet printing. Tattoo nanosheets are envisioned as unperceivable human-device interfaces because of conformal adhesion to complex surfaces including skin. They are tested as dry electrodes for surface electromyography (sEMG), which permits the control of a robotic hand.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Zucca
- Center for Micro-BioRobotics @SSSA; Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia; Viale R. Piaggio 34 56025 Pontedera Italy
- The Biorobotics Institute; Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna; Viale R. Piaggio 34 56025 Pontedera Italy
| | - Christian Cipriani
- The Biorobotics Institute; Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna; Viale R. Piaggio 34 56025 Pontedera Italy
| | - Sudha
- Center for Micro-BioRobotics @SSSA; Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia; Viale R. Piaggio 34 56025 Pontedera Italy
- Department of Robotics; Brain and Cognitive Science; Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia; Via Morego 30 16163 Genova Italy
| | - Sergio Tarantino
- The Biorobotics Institute; Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna; Viale R. Piaggio 34 56025 Pontedera Italy
| | - Davide Ricci
- Department of Robotics; Brain and Cognitive Science; Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia; Via Morego 30 16163 Genova Italy
| | - Virgilio Mattoli
- Center for Micro-BioRobotics @SSSA; Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia; Viale R. Piaggio 34 56025 Pontedera Italy
| | - Francesco Greco
- Center for Micro-BioRobotics @SSSA; Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia; Viale R. Piaggio 34 56025 Pontedera Italy
| |
Collapse
|