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Feijs-Žaja KLH, Ikenga NJ, Žaja R. Pathological and physiological roles of ADP-ribosylation: established functions and new insights. Biol Chem 2024; 0:hsz-2024-0057. [PMID: 39066732 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2024-0057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
The posttranslational modification of proteins with poly(ADP-ribose) was discovered in the sixties. Since then, we have learned that the enzymes involved, the so-called poly(ADP-ribosyl)polymerases (PARPs), are transferases which use cofactor NAD+ to transfer ADP-ribose to their targets. Few PARPs are able to create poly(ADP-ribose), whereas the majority transfers a single ADP-ribose. In the last decade, hydrolases were discovered which reverse mono(ADP-ribosyl)ation, detection methods were developed and new substrates were defined, including nucleic acids. Despite the continued effort, relatively little is still known about the biological function of most PARPs. In this review, we summarise key functions of ADP-ribosylation and introduce emerging insights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla L H Feijs-Žaja
- 9165 Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, RWTH Aachen University , Pauwelsstrasse 30, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Nonso J Ikenga
- 9165 Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, RWTH Aachen University , Pauwelsstrasse 30, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Roko Žaja
- 9165 Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, RWTH Aachen University , Pauwelsstrasse 30, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
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Ma X, Li M, Liu Y, Zhang X, Yang X, Wang Y, Li Y, Wang J, Liu X, Yan Z, Yu X, Wu C. ARTC1-mediated VAPB ADP-ribosylation regulates calcium homeostasis. J Mol Cell Biol 2024; 15:mjad043. [PMID: 37381178 PMCID: PMC10928986 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjad043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Mono-ADP-ribosylation (MARylation) is a post-translational modification that regulates a variety of biological processes, including DNA damage repair, cell proliferation, metabolism, and stress and immune responses. In mammals, MARylation is mainly catalyzed by ADP-ribosyltransferases (ARTs), which consist of two groups: ART cholera toxin-like (ARTCs) and ART diphtheria toxin-like (ARTDs, also known as PARPs). The human ARTC (hARTC) family is composed of four members: two active mono-ADP-ARTs (hARTC1 and hARTC5) and two enzymatically inactive enzymes (hARTC3 and hARTC4). In this study, we systematically examined the homology, expression, and localization pattern of the hARTC family, with a particular focus on hARTC1. Our results showed that hARTC3 interacted with hARTC1 and promoted the enzymatic activity of hARTC1 by stabilizing hARTC1. We also identified vesicle-associated membrane protein-associated protein B (VAPB) as a new target of hARTC1 and pinpointed Arg50 of VAPB as the ADP-ribosylation site. Furthermore, we demonstrated that knockdown of hARTC1 impaired intracellular calcium homeostasis, highlighting the functional importance of hARTC1-mediated VAPB Arg50 ADP-ribosylation in regulating calcium homeostasis. In summary, our study identified a new target of hARTC1 in the endoplasmic reticulum and suggested that ARTC1 plays a role in regulating calcium signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyao Ma
- College of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Mengyuan Li
- College of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Yi Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Xuefang Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Xiaoyun Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Yun Wang
- Department of Public Health, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Yipeng Li
- College of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Jiayue Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Xiuhua Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Zhenzhen Yan
- College of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Xiaochun Yu
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou 310024, China
- School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, China
- Institute of Biology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Chen Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
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Tian L, Guo T, Wu F, Bai R, Ai S, Wang H, Song Y, Zhu M, Jiang Y, Ma S, Zhuang X, Guo S. The pseudoenzyme ADPRHL1 affects cardiac function by regulating the ROCK pathway. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:309. [PMID: 37880701 PMCID: PMC10601310 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03507-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pseudoenzymes, catalytically deficient variants of active enzymes, have a wide range of regulatory functions. ADP-ribosylhydrolase-like 1 (ADPRHL1), a pseudoenzyme belonging to a small group of ADP-ribosylhydrolase enzymes that lacks the amino acid residues necessary for catalytic activity, may have a significant role in heart development based on accumulating evidence. However, the specific function of ADPRHL1 in this process has not been elucidated. To investigate the role of ADPRHL1 in the heart, we generated the first in vitro human embryonic stem cell model with an ADPRHL1 knockout. METHOD Using the CRISPR/Cas9 system, we generated ADPRHL1 knockout in the human embryonic stem cell (hESC) H9 line. The cells were differentiated into cardiomyocytes using a chemically defined and xeno-free method. We employed confocal laser microscopy to detect calcium transients and microelectrode array (MEA) to assess the electrophysiological activity of ADPRHL1 deficiency cardiomyocytes. Additionally, we investigated the cellular mechanism of ADPRHL1 by Bulk RNA sequencing and western blot. RESULTS The results indicate that the absence of ADPRHL1 in cardiomyocytes led to adhered abnormally, as well as perturbations in calcium transients and electrophysiological activity. We also revealed that disruption of focal adhesion formation in these cardiomyocytes was due to an excessive upregulation of the ROCK-myosin II pathway. Notably, inhibition of ROCK and myosin II effectively restores focal adhesions in ADPRHL1-deficient cardiomyocytes and improved electrical conduction and calcium activity. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate that ADPRHL1 plays a critical role in maintaining the proper function of cardiomyocytes by regulating the ROCK-myosin II pathway, suggesting that it may serve as a potential drug target for the treatment of ADPRHL1-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Tian
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
- Department of Nephrology, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, 23 Meishuguanhou Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100010, China
| | - Tianwei Guo
- Beijing Laboratory for Cardiovascular Precision Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering for Cardiovascular Disease Research, Ministry of Education, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Fujian Wu
- Translational Medicine Collaborative Innovation Center, The Second Clinical Medical College (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Jinan University, Shenzhen, 518020, China
- Post-Doctoral Scientific Research Station of Basic Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Rui Bai
- Fuwai Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenzhen, 518057, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Sinan Ai
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Hongyue Wang
- Department of Cardiology, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Fuwai Hospital, Beilishi Rd 167, Xicheng District, Beijing City, 100037, China
| | - Yuanxiu Song
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, 310003, China
| | - Min Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Fuwai Hospital, Beilishi Rd 167, Xicheng District, Beijing City, 100037, China
| | - Youxu Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Jingba Road, Zhengzhou, 450053, China
| | - Shuhong Ma
- Department of Cardiology, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Fuwai Hospital, Beilishi Rd 167, Xicheng District, Beijing City, 100037, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhuang
- Department of Cardiology, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Fuwai Hospital, Beilishi Rd 167, Xicheng District, Beijing City, 100037, China.
| | - Shuzhen Guo
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
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Ishiwata-Endo H, Kato J, Oda H, Sun J, Yu ZX, Liu C, Springer DA, Dagur P, Lizak MJ, Murphy E, Moss J. Mono-ADP-ribosyltransferase 1 ( Artc1 )-deficiency decreases tumorigenesis, increases inflammation, decreases cardiac contractility, and reduces survival. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.06.527366. [PMID: 36945646 PMCID: PMC10028742 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.06.527366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Arginine-specific mono-ADP-ribosylation is a reversible post-translational modification; arginine-specific, cholera toxin-like mono-ADP-ribosyltransferases (ARTCs) transfer ADP-ribose from NAD + to arginine, followed by cleavage of ADP-ribose-(arginine)protein bond by ADP-ribosylarginine hydrolase 1 (ARH1), generating unmodified (arginine)protein. ARTC1 has been shown to enhance tumorigenicity as does Arh1 deficiency. In this study, Artc1 -KO and Artc1/Arh1 -double-KO mice showed decreased spontaneous tumorigenesis and increased age-dependent, multi-organ inflammation with upregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF- α . In a xenograft model using tumorigenic Arh1 -KO mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs), tumorigenicity was decreased in Artc1 -KO and heterozygous recipient mice, with tumor infiltration by CD8 + T cells and macrophages, leading to necroptosis, suggesting that ARTC1 promotes the tumor microenvironment. Furthermore, Artc1/Arh1 -double-KO MEFs showed decreased tumorigenesis in nude mice, showing that tumor cells as well as tumor microenvironment require ARTC1. By echocardiography and MRI, Artc1 -KO and heterozygous mice showed male-specific, reduced myocardial contractility. Furthermore, Artc1 -KO male hearts exhibited enhanced susceptibility to myocardial ischemia-reperfusion-induced injury with increased receptor-interacting protein kinase 3 (RIP3) protein levels compared to WT mice, suggesting that ARTC1 suppresses necroptosis. Overall survival rate of Artc1 -KO was less than their Artc1 -WT counterparts, primarily due to enhanced immune response and inflammation. Thus, anti-ARTC1 agents may reduce tumorigenesis but may increase multi-organ inflammation and decrease cardiac contractility.
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Ishiwata-Endo H, Kato J, Yamashita S, Chea C, Koike K, Lee DY, Moss J. ARH Family of ADP-Ribose-Acceptor Hydrolases. Cells 2022; 11:3853. [PMID: 36497109 PMCID: PMC9738213 DOI: 10.3390/cells11233853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The ARH family of ADP-ribose-acceptor hydrolases consists of three 39-kDa members (ARH1-3), with similarities in amino acid sequence. ARH1 was identified based on its ability to cleave ADP-ribosyl-arginine synthesized by cholera toxin. Mammalian ADP-ribosyltransferases (ARTCs) mimicked the toxin reaction, with ARTC1 catalyzing the synthesis of ADP-ribosyl-arginine. ADP-ribosylation of arginine was stereospecific, with β-NAD+ as substrate and, α-anomeric ADP-ribose-arginine the reaction product. ARH1 hydrolyzed α-ADP-ribose-arginine, in addition to α-NAD+ and O-acetyl-ADP-ribose. Thus, ADP-ribose attached to oxygen-containing or nitrogen-containing functional groups was a substrate. Arh1 heterozygous and knockout (KO) mice developed tumors. Arh1-KO mice showed decreased cardiac contractility and developed myocardial fibrosis. In addition to Arh1-KO mice showed increased ADP-ribosylation of tripartite motif-containing protein 72 (TRIM72), a membrane-repair protein. ARH3 cleaved ADP-ribose from ends of the poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR) chain and released the terminal ADP-ribose attached to (serine)protein. ARH3 also hydrolyzed α-NAD+ and O-acetyl-ADP-ribose. Incubation of Arh3-KO cells with H2O2 resulted in activation of poly-ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP)-1, followed by increased nuclear PAR, increased cytoplasmic PAR, leading to release of Apoptosis Inducing Factor (AIF) from mitochondria. AIF, following nuclear translocation, stimulated endonucleases, resulting in cell death by Parthanatos. Human ARH3-deficiency is autosomal recessive, rare, and characterized by neurodegeneration and early death. Arh3-KO mice developed increased brain infarction following ischemia-reperfusion injury, which was reduced by PARP inhibitors. Similarly, PARP inhibitors improved survival of Arh3-KO cells treated with H2O2. ARH2 protein did not show activity in the in vitro assays described above for ARH1 and ARH3. ARH2 has a restricted tissue distribution, with primary involvement of cardiac and skeletal muscle. Overall, the ARH family has unique functions in biological processes and different enzymatic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroko Ishiwata-Endo
- Laboratory of Translational Research, Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jiro Kato
- Laboratory of Translational Research, Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sachiko Yamashita
- Laboratory of Translational Research, Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Chanbora Chea
- Laboratory of Translational Research, Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kazushige Koike
- Laboratory of Translational Research, Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Duck-Yeon Lee
- Biochemistry Core, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Joel Moss
- Laboratory of Translational Research, Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Li P, Lei Y, Qi J, Liu W, Yao K. Functional roles of ADP-ribosylation writers, readers and erasers. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:941356. [PMID: 36035988 PMCID: PMC9404506 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.941356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
ADP-ribosylation is a reversible post-translational modification (PTM) tightly regulated by the dynamic interplay between its writers, readers and erasers. As an intricate and versatile PTM, ADP-ribosylation plays critical roles in various physiological and pathological processes. In this review, we discuss the major players involved in the ADP-ribosylation cycle, which may facilitate the investigation of the ADP-ribosylation function and contribute to the understanding and treatment of ADP-ribosylation associated disease.
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7
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Abstract
Post-translational modifications exist in different varieties to regulate diverse characteristics of their substrates, ultimately leading to maintenance of cell health. The enzymes of the intracellular poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) family can transfer either a single ADP-ribose to targets, in a reaction called mono(ADP-ribosyl)ation or MARylation, or multiple to form chains of poly(ADP-ribose) or PAR. Traditionally thought to be attached to arginine or glutamate, recent data have added serine, tyrosine, histidine and others to the list of potential ADP-ribose acceptor amino acids. PARylation by PARP1 has been relatively well studied, whereas less is known about the other family members such as PARP7 and PARP10. ADP-ribosylation on arginine and serine is reversed by ARH1 and ARH3 respectively, whereas macrodomain-containing MACROD1, MACROD2 and TARG1 reverse modification of acidic residues. For the other amino acids, no hydrolases have been identified to date. For many PARPs, it is not clear yet what their endogenous targets are. Better understanding of their biochemical reactions is required to be able to determine their biological functions in future studies. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge of PARP specificity in vitro and in cells, as well as provide an outlook for future research.
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Damgaard MV, Nielsen TS, Basse AL, Chubanava S, Trost K, Moritz T, Dellinger RW, Larsen S, Treebak JT. Intravenous nicotinamide riboside elevates mouse skeletal muscle NAD+ without impacting respiratory capacity or insulin sensitivity. iScience 2022; 25:103863. [PMID: 35198907 PMCID: PMC8844641 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.103863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In clinical trials, oral supplementation with nicotinamide riboside (NR) fails to increase muscle mitochondrial respiratory capacity and insulin sensitivity but also does not increase muscle NAD+ levels. This study tests the feasibility of chronically elevating skeletal muscle NAD+ in mice and investigates the putative effects on mitochondrial respiratory capacity, insulin sensitivity, and gene expression. Accordingly, to improve bioavailability to skeletal muscle, we developed an experimental model for administering NR repeatedly through a jugular vein catheter. Mice on a Western diet were treated with various combinations of NR, pterostilbene (PT), and voluntary wheel running, but the metabolic effects of NR and PT treatment were modest. We conclude that the chronic elevation of skeletal muscle NAD+ by the intravenous injection of NR is possible but does not affect muscle respiratory capacity or insulin sensitivity in either sedentary or physically active mice. Our data have implications for NAD+ precursor supplementation regimens. A model was developed for daily intravenous NR injections Intravenous NR stably elevates NAD+ of skeletal muscle and adipose, but not liver Voluntary running and intravenous NR synergize to boost mouse skeletal muscle NAD+ NR did not impact skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity or respiratory capacity
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Affiliation(s)
- Mads V. Damgaard
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Thomas S. Nielsen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Astrid L. Basse
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Sabina Chubanava
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Kajetan Trost
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Thomas Moritz
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | | | - Steen Larsen
- Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Jonas T. Treebak
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
- Corresponding author
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Su X, You X, Luo H, Liang K, Chen L, Tian W, Ye Z, He J. Community-Acquired Respiratory Distress Syndrome Toxin: Unique Exotoxin for M. pneumoniae. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:766591. [PMID: 34867898 PMCID: PMC8640204 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.766591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection often causes respiratory diseases in humans, particularly in children and adults with atypical pneumonia and community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), and is often exacerbated by co-infection with other lung diseases, such as asthma, bronchitis, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder. Community-acquired respiratory distress syndrome toxin (CARDS TX) is the only exotoxin produced by M. pneumoniae and has been extensively studied for its ADP-ribosyltransferase (ADPRT) activity and cellular vacuolization properties. Additionally, CARDS TX induces inflammatory responses, resulting in cell swelling, nuclear lysis, mucus proliferation, and cell vacuolization. CARDS TX enters host cells by binding to the host receptor and is then reverse transported to the endoplasmic reticulum to exert its pathogenic effects. In this review, we focus on the structural characteristics, functional activity, distribution and receptors, mechanism of cell entry, and inflammatory response of CARDS TX was examined. Overall, the findings of this review provide a theoretical basis for further investigation of the mechanism of M. pneumoniae infection and the development of clinical diagnosis and vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Su
- The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Xiaoxing You
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical School, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Haodang Luo
- The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Keying Liang
- The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Li Chen
- The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Wei Tian
- The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Zufeng Ye
- The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Jun He
- The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
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Cavalieri V. The Expanding Constellation of Histone Post-Translational Modifications in the Epigenetic Landscape. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12101596. [PMID: 34680990 PMCID: PMC8535662 DOI: 10.3390/genes12101596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of a nucleosome-based chromatin structure accompanied the evolutionary transition from prokaryotes to eukaryotes. In this scenario, histones became the heart of the complex and precisely timed coordination between chromatin architecture and functions during adaptive responses to environmental influence by means of epigenetic mechanisms. Notably, such an epigenetic machinery involves an overwhelming number of post-translational modifications at multiple residues of core and linker histones. This review aims to comprehensively describe old and recent evidence in this exciting field of research. In particular, histone post-translational modification establishing/removal mechanisms, their genomic locations and implication in nucleosome dynamics and chromatin-based processes, as well as their harmonious combination and interdependence will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Cavalieri
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy
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11
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Leutert M, Duan Y, Winzer R, Menzel S, Tolosa E, Magnus T, Hottiger MO, Koch-Nolte F, Rissiek B. Identification of the Mouse T Cell ADP-Ribosylome Uncovers ARTC2.2 Mediated Regulation of CD73 by ADP-Ribosylation. Front Immunol 2021; 12:703719. [PMID: 34504490 PMCID: PMC8421852 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.703719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mouse T cells express the ecto-ADP-ribosyltransferase ARTC2.2, which can transfer the ADP-ribose group of extracellular nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) to arginine residues of various cell surface proteins thereby influencing their function. Several targets of ARTC2.2, such as P2X7, CD8a and CD25 have been identified, however a comprehensive mouse T cell surface ADP-ribosylome analysis is currently missing. Using the Af1521 macrodomain-based enrichment of ADP-ribosylated peptides and mass spectrometry, we identified 93 ADP-ribsoylated peptides corresponding to 67 distinct T cell proteins, including known targets such as CD8a and CD25 but also previously unknown targets such as CD73. We evaluated the impact of ADP-ribosylation on the capability of CD73 to generate adenosine from adenosine monophosphate. Our results show that extracellular NAD+ reduces the enzymatic activity of CD73 HEK cells co-transfected with CD73/ARTC2.2. Importantly, NAD+ significantly reduced CD73 activity on WT CD8 T cells compared to ARTC2ko CD8 T cells or WT CD8 T cells treated with an ARTC2.2-blocking nanobody. Our study provides a comprehensive list of T cell membrane proteins that serve as targets for ADP-ribosylation by ARTC2.2 and whose function may be therefore affected by ADP-ribosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Leutert
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Yinghui Duan
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Riekje Winzer
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stephan Menzel
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Mildred Scheel Cancer Career Center HaTriCS4, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Eva Tolosa
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tim Magnus
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael O Hottiger
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Friedrich Koch-Nolte
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Björn Rissiek
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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12
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Gondé H, Demeules M, Hardet R, Scarpitta A, Junge M, Pinto-Espinoza C, Varin R, Koch-Nolte F, Boyer O, Adriouch S. A Methodological Approach Using rAAV Vectors Encoding Nanobody-Based Biologics to Evaluate ARTC2.2 and P2X7 In Vivo. Front Immunol 2021; 12:704408. [PMID: 34489954 PMCID: PMC8417108 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.704408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
On murine T cells, mono-ADP ribosyltransferase ARTC2.2 catalyzes ADP-ribosylation of various surface proteins when nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is released into the extracellular compartment. Covalent ADP-ribosylation of the P2X7 receptor by ARTC2.2 thereby represents an additional mechanism of activation, complementary to its triggering by extracellular ATP. P2X7 is a multifaceted receptor that may represents a potential target in inflammatory, and neurodegenerative diseases, as well as in cancer. We present herein an experimental approach using intramuscular injection of recombinant AAV vectors (rAAV) encoding nanobody-based biologics targeting ARTC2.2 or P2X7. We demonstrate the ability of these in vivo generated biologics to potently and durably block P2X7 or ARTC2.2 activities in vivo, or in contrast, to potentiate NAD+- or ATP-induced activation of P2X7. We additionally demonstrate the ability of rAAV-encoded functional heavy chain antibodies to elicit long-term depletion of T cells expressing high levels of ARTC2.2 or P2X7. Our approach of using rAAV to generate functional nanobody-based biologics in vivo appears promising to evaluate the role of ARTC2.2 and P2X7 in murine acute as well as chronic disease models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henri Gondé
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1234, Pathophysiology, Autoimmunity, Neuromuscular Diseases and Regenerative THERapies, Rouen, France.,Rouen University Hospital, Department of Pharmacy, Rouen, France
| | - Mélanie Demeules
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1234, Pathophysiology, Autoimmunity, Neuromuscular Diseases and Regenerative THERapies, Rouen, France
| | - Romain Hardet
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1234, Pathophysiology, Autoimmunity, Neuromuscular Diseases and Regenerative THERapies, Rouen, France
| | - Allan Scarpitta
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1234, Pathophysiology, Autoimmunity, Neuromuscular Diseases and Regenerative THERapies, Rouen, France
| | - Marten Junge
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Rémi Varin
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1234, Pathophysiology, Autoimmunity, Neuromuscular Diseases and Regenerative THERapies, Rouen, France.,Rouen University Hospital, Department of Pharmacy, Rouen, France
| | - Friedrich Koch-Nolte
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Olivier Boyer
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1234, Pathophysiology, Autoimmunity, Neuromuscular Diseases and Regenerative THERapies, Rouen, France.,Rouen University Hospital, Department of Immunology and Biotherapy, Rouen, France
| | - Sahil Adriouch
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1234, Pathophysiology, Autoimmunity, Neuromuscular Diseases and Regenerative THERapies, Rouen, France
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13
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Tan A, Doig CL. NAD + Degrading Enzymes, Evidence for Roles During Infection. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:697359. [PMID: 34485381 PMCID: PMC8415550 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.697359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Declines in cellular nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) contribute to metabolic dysfunction, increase susceptibility to disease, and occur as a result of pathogenic infection. The enzymatic cleavage of NAD+ transfers ADP-ribose (ADPr) to substrate proteins generating mono-ADP-ribose (MAR), poly-ADP-ribose (PAR) or O-acetyl-ADP-ribose (OAADPr). These important post-translational modifications have roles in both immune response activation and the advancement of infection. In particular, emergent data show viral infection stimulates activation of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) mediated NAD+ depletion and stimulates hydrolysis of existing ADP-ribosylation modifications. These studies are important for us to better understand the value of NAD+ maintenance upon the biology of infection. This review focuses specifically upon the NAD+ utilising enzymes, discusses existing knowledge surrounding their roles in infection, their NAD+ depletion capability and their influence within pathogenic infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnold Tan
- Interdisciplinary Science and Technology Centre, Department of Biosciences, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Craig L Doig
- Interdisciplinary Science and Technology Centre, Department of Biosciences, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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14
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Sanders KM, Mutafova-Yambolieva VN. Neurotransmitters responsible for purinergic motor neurotransmission and regulation of GI motility. Auton Neurosci 2021; 234:102829. [PMID: 34146957 DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2021.102829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Classical concepts of peripheral neurotransmission were insufficient to explain enteric inhibitory neurotransmission. Geoffrey Burnstock and colleagues developed the idea that ATP or a related purine satisfies the criteria for a neurotransmitter and serves as an enteric inhibitory neurotransmitter in GI muscles. Cloning of purinergic receptors and development of specific drugs and transgenic mice have shown that enteric inhibitory responses depend upon P2Y1 receptors in post-junctional cells. The post-junctional cells that transduce purinergic neurotransmitters in the GI tract are PDGFRα+ cells and not smooth muscle cells (SMCs). PDGFRα+ cells express P2Y1 receptors, are activated by enteric inhibitory nerve stimulation and generate Ca2+ oscillations, express small-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channels (SK3), and generate outward currents when exposed to P2Y1 agonists. These properties are consistent with post-junctional purinergic responses, and similar responses and effectors are not functional in SMCs. Refinements in methodologies to measure purines in tissue superfusates, such as high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with etheno-derivatization of purines and fluorescence detection, revealed that multiple purines are released during stimulation of intrinsic nerves. β-NAD+ and other purines, better satisfy criteria for the purinergic neurotransmitter than ATP. HPLC has also allowed better detection of purine metabolites, and coupled with isolation of specific types of post-junctional cells, has provided new concepts about deactivation of purine neurotransmitters. In spite of steady progress, many unknowns about purinergic neurotransmission remain and require additional investigation to understand this important regulatory mechanism in GI motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenton M Sanders
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada, School of Medicine, 1664 North Virginia Street, Reno, NV 89557, USA.
| | - Violeta N Mutafova-Yambolieva
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada, School of Medicine, 1664 North Virginia Street, Reno, NV 89557, USA
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15
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Weixler L, Schäringer K, Momoh J, Lüscher B, Feijs KLH, Žaja R. ADP-ribosylation of RNA and DNA: from in vitro characterization to in vivo function. Nucleic Acids Res 2021; 49:3634-3650. [PMID: 33693930 PMCID: PMC8053099 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The functionality of DNA, RNA and proteins is altered dynamically in response to physiological and pathological cues, partly achieved by their modification. While the modification of proteins with ADP-ribose has been well studied, nucleic acids were only recently identified as substrates for ADP-ribosylation by mammalian enzymes. RNA and DNA can be ADP-ribosylated by specific ADP-ribosyltransferases such as PARP1-3, PARP10 and tRNA 2'-phosphotransferase (TRPT1). Evidence suggests that these enzymes display different preferences towards different oligonucleotides. These reactions are reversed by ADP-ribosylhydrolases of the macrodomain and ARH families, such as MACROD1, TARG1, PARG, ARH1 and ARH3. Most findings derive from in vitro experiments using recombinant components, leaving the relevance of this modification in cells unclear. In this Survey and Summary, we provide an overview of the enzymes that ADP-ribosylate nucleic acids, the reversing hydrolases, and the substrates' requirements. Drawing on data available for other organisms, such as pierisin1 from cabbage butterflies and the bacterial toxin-antitoxin system DarT-DarG, we discuss possible functions for nucleic acid ADP-ribosylation in mammals. Hypothesized roles for nucleic acid ADP-ribosylation include functions in DNA damage repair, in antiviral immunity or as non-conventional RNA cap. Lastly, we assess various methods potentially suitable for future studies of nucleic acid ADP-ribosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Weixler
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, Aachen, Germany
| | - Katja Schäringer
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jeffrey Momoh
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, Aachen, Germany
| | - Bernhard Lüscher
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, Aachen, Germany
| | - Karla L H Feijs
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, Aachen, Germany
| | - Roko Žaja
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, Aachen, Germany
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16
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Gasparrini M, Sorci L, Raffaelli N. Enzymology of extracellular NAD metabolism. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:3317-3331. [PMID: 33755743 PMCID: PMC8038981 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03742-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular NAD represents a key signaling molecule in different physiological and pathological conditions. It exerts such function both directly, through the activation of specific purinergic receptors, or indirectly, serving as substrate of ectoenzymes, such as CD73, nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1, CD38 and its paralog CD157, and ecto ADP ribosyltransferases. By hydrolyzing NAD, these enzymes dictate extracellular NAD availability, thus regulating its direct signaling role. In addition, they can generate from NAD smaller signaling molecules, like the immunomodulator adenosine, or they can use NAD to ADP-ribosylate various extracellular proteins and membrane receptors, with significant impact on the control of immunity, inflammatory response, tumorigenesis, and other diseases. Besides, they release from NAD several pyridine metabolites that can be taken up by the cell for the intracellular regeneration of NAD itself. The extracellular environment also hosts nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase and nicotinic acid phosphoribosyltransferase, which inside the cell catalyze key reactions in NAD salvaging pathways. The extracellular forms of these enzymes behave as cytokines, with pro-inflammatory functions. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the extracellular NAD metabolome and describes the major biochemical properties of the enzymes involved in extracellular NAD metabolism, focusing on the contribution of their catalytic activities to the biological function. By uncovering the controversies and gaps in their characterization, further research directions are suggested, also to better exploit the great potential of these enzymes as therapeutic targets in various human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimiliano Gasparrini
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Leonardo Sorci
- Division of Bioinformatics and Biochemistry, Department of Materials, Environmental Sciences and Urban Planning, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Nadia Raffaelli
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy.
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17
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Rodriguez KM, Buch-Larsen SC, Kirby IT, Siordia IR, Hutin D, Rasmussen M, Grant DM, David LL, Matthews J, Nielsen ML, Cohen MS. Chemical genetics and proteome-wide site mapping reveal cysteine MARylation by PARP-7 on immune-relevant protein targets. eLife 2021; 10:60480. [PMID: 33475084 PMCID: PMC7880690 DOI: 10.7554/elife.60480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 7 (PARP-7) has emerged as a critically important member of a large enzyme family that catalyzes ADP-ribosylation in mammalian cells. PARP-7 is a critical regulator of the innate immune response. What remains unclear is the mechanism by which PARP-7 regulates this process, namely because the protein targets of PARP-7 mono-ADP-ribosylation (MARylation) are largely unknown. Here, we combine chemical genetics, proximity labeling, and proteome-wide amino acid ADP-ribosylation site profiling for identifying the direct targets and sites of PARP-7-mediated MARylation in a cellular context. We found that the inactive PARP family member, PARP-13-a critical regulator of the antiviral innate immune response-is a major target of PARP-7. PARP-13 is preferentially MARylated on cysteine residues in its RNA binding zinc finger domain. Proteome-wide ADP-ribosylation analysis reveals cysteine as a major MARylation acceptor of PARP-7. This study provides insight into PARP-7 targeting and MARylation site preference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsie M Rodriguez
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, United States
| | - Sara C Buch-Larsen
- Proteomics program, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ilsa T Kirby
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, United States
| | - Ivan Rodriguez Siordia
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, United States
| | - David Hutin
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Marit Rasmussen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Denis M Grant
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Larry L David
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, United States
| | - Jason Matthews
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Michael L Nielsen
- Proteomics program, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael S Cohen
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, United States
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18
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Poltronieri P, Celetti A, Palazzo L. Mono(ADP-ribosyl)ation Enzymes and NAD + Metabolism: A Focus on Diseases and Therapeutic Perspectives. Cells 2021; 10:cells10010128. [PMID: 33440786 PMCID: PMC7827148 DOI: 10.3390/cells10010128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mono(ADP-ribose) transferases and mono(ADP-ribosyl)ating sirtuins use NAD+ to perform the mono(ADP-ribosyl)ation, a simple form of post-translational modification of proteins and, in some cases, of nucleic acids. The availability of NAD+ is a limiting step and an essential requisite for NAD+ consuming enzymes. The synthesis and degradation of NAD+, as well as the transport of its key intermediates among cell compartments, play a vital role in the maintenance of optimal NAD+ levels, which are essential for the regulation of NAD+-utilizing enzymes. In this review, we provide an overview of the current knowledge of NAD+ metabolism, highlighting the functional liaison with mono(ADP-ribosyl)ating enzymes, such as the well-known ARTD10 (also named PARP10), SIRT6, and SIRT7. To this aim, we discuss the link of these enzymes with NAD+ metabolism and chronic diseases, such as cancer, degenerative disorders and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palmiro Poltronieri
- Institute of Sciences of Food Productions, National Research Council of Italy, via Monteroni 7, 73100 Lecce, Italy
- Correspondence: (P.P.); (A.C.); (L.P.)
| | - Angela Celetti
- Institute for the Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council of Italy, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence: (P.P.); (A.C.); (L.P.)
| | - Luca Palazzo
- Institute for the Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council of Italy, Via Tommaso de Amicis 95, 80145 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence: (P.P.); (A.C.); (L.P.)
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19
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Er-Lukowiak M, Duan Y, Rassendren F, Ulmann L, Nicke A, Ufer F, Friese MA, Koch-Nolte F, Magnus T, Rissiek B. A P2rx7 Passenger Mutation Affects the Vitality and Function of T cells in Congenic Mice. iScience 2020; 23:101870. [PMID: 33336163 PMCID: PMC7733020 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Among laboratory mouse strains many genes are differentially expressed in the same cell population. As consequence, gene targeting in 129-derived embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and backcrossing the modified mice onto the C57BL/6 background can introduce passenger mutations in the close proximity of the targeted gene. Here, we demonstrate that several transgenic mice carry a P2rx7 passenger mutation that affects the function of T cells. By the example of P2rx4tm1Rass we demonstrate that P2X4ko T cells express higher levels of P2X7 and are more sensitive toward the P2X7 activators ATP and NAD+, rendering these cells more vulnerable toward NAD-induced cell death (NICD) compared with wild type (WT). The enhanced NICD sensitivity confounded functional assays e.g. cytokine production and cell migration. Our results need to be considered when working with P2rx4tm1Rass mice or other 129-based transgenic strains that target P2rx7 neighboring genes. T cells from 129 mice express higher level of P2X7 compared with T cells from B6 mice P2rx4tm1Rass T cells express high level of P2X7 due to a P2rx7 passenger mutation P2rx4tm1Rass T cells are highly susceptible to NAD-induced cell death (NICD) NICD susceptibility of P2rx4tm1Rass T cells confounds the outcome of functional assays
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Er-Lukowiak
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Yinghui Duan
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Francois Rassendren
- IGF, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, 34094 Montpellier, France.,LabEx ICST, 34094 Montpellier, France
| | - Lauriane Ulmann
- IGF, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, 34094 Montpellier, France.,LabEx ICST, 34094 Montpellier, France
| | - Annette Nicke
- Walther Straub Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Friederike Ufer
- Institute of Neuroimmunology und Multiple Sclerosis (INIMS), University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Manuel A Friese
- Institute of Neuroimmunology und Multiple Sclerosis (INIMS), University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Friedrich Koch-Nolte
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tim Magnus
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Björn Rissiek
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
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20
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ARH1 in Health and Disease. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12020479. [PMID: 32092898 PMCID: PMC7072381 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12020479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Arginine-specific mono-adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-ribosylation is a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)+-dependent, reversible post-translational modification involving the transfer of an ADP-ribose from NAD+ by bacterial toxins and eukaryotic ADP-ribosyltransferases (ARTs) to arginine on an acceptor protein or peptide. ADP-ribosylarginine hydrolase 1 (ARH1) catalyzes the cleavage of the ADP-ribose-arginine bond, regenerating (arginine)protein. Arginine-specific mono-ADP-ribosylation catalyzed by bacterial toxins was first identified as a mechanism of disease pathogenesis. Cholera toxin ADP-ribosylates and activates the α subunit of Gαs, a guanine nucleotide-binding protein that stimulates adenylyl cyclase activity, increasing cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), and resulting in fluid and electrolyte loss. Arginine-specific mono-ADP-ribosylation in mammalian cells has potential roles in membrane repair, immunity, and cancer. In mammalian tissues, ARH1 is a cytosolic protein that is ubiquitously expressed. ARH1 deficiency increased tumorigenesis in a gender-specific manner. In the myocardium, in response to cellular injury, an arginine-specific mono-ADP-ribosylation cycle, involving ART1 and ARH1, regulated the level and cellular distribution of ADP-ribosylated tripartite motif-containing protein 72 (TRIM72). Confirmed substrates of ARH1 in vivo are Gαs and TRIM72, however, more than a thousand proteins, ADP-ribosylated on arginine, have been identified by proteomic analysis. This review summarizes the current understanding of the properties of ARH1, e.g., bacterial toxin action, myocardial membrane repair following injury, and tumorigenesis.
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21
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Stevens LA, Kato J, Kasamatsu A, Oda H, Lee DY, Moss J. The ARH and Macrodomain Families of α-ADP-ribose-acceptor Hydrolases Catalyze α-NAD + Hydrolysis. ACS Chem Biol 2019; 14:2576-2584. [PMID: 31599159 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.9b00429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
ADP-ribosyltransferases transfer ADP-ribose from β-NAD+ to acceptors; ADP-ribosylated acceptors are cleaved by ADP-ribosyl-acceptor hydrolases (ARHs) and proteins containing ADP-ribose-binding modules termed macrodomains. On the basis of the ADP-ribosyl-arginine hydrolase 1 (ARH1) stereospecific hydrolysis of α-ADP-ribosyl-arginine and the hypothesis that α-NAD+ is generated as a side product of β-NAD+/ NADH metabolism, we proposed that α-NAD+ was a substrate of ARHs and macrodomain proteins. Here, we report that ARH1, ARH3, and macrodomain proteins (i.e., MacroD1, MacroD2, C6orf130 (TARG1), Af1521, hydrolyzed α-NAD+ but not β-NAD+. ARH3 had the highest α-NADase specific activity. The ARH and macrodomain protein families, in stereospecific reactions, cleave ADP-ribose linkages to N- or O- containing functional groups; anomerization of α- to β-forms (e.g., α-ADP-ribosyl-arginine to β-ADP-ribose- (arginine) protein) may explain partial hydrolysis of ADP-ribosylated acceptors with an increase in content of ADP-ribosylated substrates. Af1521 and ARH3 crystal structures with bound ADP-ribose revealed similar ADP-ribose-binding pockets with the catalytic residues of the ARH and macrodomain protein families in the N-terminal helix and loop. Although the biological roles of the ARHs and macrodomain proteins differ, they share enzymatic and structural properties that may regulate metabolites such as α-NAD+.
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22
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Proteomic Characterization of the Heart and Skeletal Muscle Reveals Widespread Arginine ADP-Ribosylation by the ARTC1 Ectoenzyme. Cell Rep 2019; 24:1916-1929.e5. [PMID: 30110646 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.07.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The clostridium-like ecto-ADP-ribosyltransferase ARTC1 is expressed in a highly restricted manner in skeletal muscle and heart tissue. Although ARTC1 is well studied, the identification of ARTC1 targets in vivo and subsequent characterization of ARTC1-regulated cellular processes on the proteome level have been challenging and only a few ARTC1-ADP-ribosylated targets are known. Applying our recently developed mass spectrometry-based workflow to C2C12 myotubes and to skeletal muscle and heart tissues from wild-type mice, we identify hundreds of ARTC1-ADP-ribosylated proteins whose modifications are absent in the ADP-ribosylome of ARTC1-deficient mice. These proteins are ADP-ribosylated on arginine residues and mainly located on the cell surface or in the extracellular space. They are associated with signal transduction, transmembrane transport, and muscle function. Validation of hemopexin (HPX) as a ARTC1-target protein confirmed the functional importance of ARTC1-mediated extracellular arginine ADP-ribosylation at the systems level.
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23
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Lassak J, Koller F, Krafczyk R, Volkwein W. Exceptionally versatile – arginine in bacterial post-translational protein modifications. Biol Chem 2019; 400:1397-1427. [DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2019-0182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Post-translational modifications (PTM) are the evolutionary solution to challenge and extend the boundaries of genetically predetermined proteomic diversity. As PTMs are highly dynamic, they also hold an enormous regulatory potential. It is therefore not surprising that out of the 20 proteinogenic amino acids, 15 can be post-translationally modified. Even the relatively inert guanidino group of arginine is subject to a multitude of mostly enzyme mediated chemical changes. The resulting alterations can have a major influence on protein function. In this review, we will discuss how bacteria control their cellular processes and develop pathogenicity based on post-translational protein-arginine modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Lassak
- Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich (CiPSM), Department of Biology I, Microbiology , Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München , Grosshaderner Strasse 2-4 , D-82152 Planegg , Germany
| | - Franziska Koller
- Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich (CiPSM), Department of Biology I, Microbiology , Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München , Grosshaderner Strasse 2-4 , D-82152 Planegg , Germany
| | - Ralph Krafczyk
- Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich (CiPSM), Department of Biology I, Microbiology , Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München , Grosshaderner Strasse 2-4 , D-82152 Planegg , Germany
| | - Wolfram Volkwein
- Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich (CiPSM), Department of Biology I, Microbiology , Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München , Grosshaderner Strasse 2-4 , D-82152 Planegg , Germany
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24
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Di Girolamo M, Fabrizio G. Overview of the mammalian ADP-ribosyl-transferases clostridia toxin-like (ARTCs) family. Biochem Pharmacol 2019; 167:86-96. [PMID: 31283932 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Mono-ADP-ribosylation is a reversible post-translational protein modification that modulates the function of proteins involved in different cellular processes, including signal transduction, protein transport, transcription, cell cycle regulation, DNA repair and apoptosis. In mammals, mono-ADP-ribosylation is mainly catalyzed by members of two different classes of enzymes: ARTCs and ARTDs. The human ARTC family is composed of four structurally related ecto-mono-ARTs, expressed at the cell surface or secreted into the extracellular compartment that are either active mono-ARTs (hARTC1, hARTC5) or inactive proteins (hARTC3, hARTC4). The human ARTD enzyme family consists of 17 multidomain proteins that can be divided on the basis of their catalytic activity into polymerases (ARTD1-6), mono-ART (ARTD7-17), and the inactive ARTD13. In recent years, ADP-ribosylation was intensively studied, and research was dominated by studies focusing on the role of this modification and its implication on various cellular processes. The aim of this review is to provide a general overview of the ARTC enzymes. In the following sections, we will report the mono-ADP-ribosylation reactions that are catalysed by the active ARTC enzymes, with a particular focus on hARTC1 that recently has been intensively studied with the discovery of new targets and functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Di Girolamo
- SoL&Pharma s.r.l. Biotechnology Research, Registered Office, Via Brasile 13, 66030 Mozzagrogna, CH, Italy.
| | - Gaia Fabrizio
- SoL&Pharma s.r.l. Biotechnology Research, Registered Office, Via Brasile 13, 66030 Mozzagrogna, CH, Italy
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25
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Abstract
ADP-ribosylation (ADPr) is an ancient reversible modification of cellular macromolecules controlling major biological processes as diverse as DNA damage repair, transcriptional regulation, intracellular transport, immune and stress responses, cell survival and proliferation. Furthermore, enzymatic reactions of ADPr are central in the pathogenesis of many human diseases, including infectious conditions. By providing a review of ADPr signalling in bacterial systems, we highlight the relevance of this chemical modification in the pathogenesis of human diseases depending on host-pathogen interactions. The post-antibiotic era has raised the need to find alternative approaches to antibiotic administration, as major pathogens becoming resistant to antibiotics. An in-depth understanding of ADPr reactions provides the rationale for designing novel antimicrobial strategies for treatment of infectious diseases. In addition, the understanding of mechanisms of ADPr by bacterial virulence factors offers important hints to improve our knowledge on cellular processes regulated by eukaryotic homologous enzymes, which are often involved in the pathogenesis of human diseases.
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26
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Lewis MS, Danelishvili L, Rose SJ, Bermudez LE. MAV_4644 Interaction with the Host Cathepsin Z Protects Mycobacterium avium subsp. hominissuis from Rapid Macrophage Killing. Microorganisms 2019; 7:microorganisms7050144. [PMID: 31117286 PMCID: PMC6560410 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7050144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium avium subspecies hominissuis (MAH) is an opportunistic pathogen that is ubiquitous in the environment and often isolated from faucets and showerheads. MAH mostly infects humans with an underlying disease, such as chronic pulmonary disorder, cystic fibrosis, or individuals that are immunocompromised. In recent years, MAH infections in patients without concurrent disease are increasing in prevalence as well. This pathogen is resistant to many antibiotics due to the impermeability of its envelope and due to the phenotypic resistance established within the host macrophages, making difficult to treat MAH infections. By screening a MAH transposon library for mutants that are susceptible to killing by reactive nitrogen intermediaries, we identified the MAV_4644 (MAV_4644:Tn) gene knockout clone that was also significantly attenuated in growth within the host macrophages. Complementation of the mutant restored the wild-type phenotype. The MAV_4644 gene encodes a dual-function protein with a putative pore-forming function and ADP-ribosyltransferase activity. Protein binding assay suggests that MAV_4644 interacts with the host lysosomal peptidase cathepsin Z (CTSZ), a key regulator of the cell signaling and inflammation. Pathogenic mycobacteria have been shown to suppress the action of many cathepsins to establish their intracellular niche. Our results demonstrate that knocking-down the cathepsin Z in human macrophages rescues the attenuated phenotype of MAV_4644:Tn clone. Although, the purified cathepsin Z by itself does not have any killing effect on MAH, it contributes to bacterial killing in the presence of the nitric oxide (NO). Our data suggest that the cathepsin Z is involved in early macrophage killing of MAH, and the virulence factor MAV_4644 protects the pathogen from this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew S Lewis
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
| | - Lia Danelishvili
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
| | - Sasha J Rose
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
| | - Luiz E Bermudez
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
- Department of Microbiology, College of Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
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27
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Lin KY, Huang D, Kraus WL. Generating Protein-Linked and Protein-Free Mono-, Oligo-, and Poly(ADP-Ribose) In Vitro. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1813:91-108. [PMID: 30097863 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8588-3_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
ADP-ribosylation is a covalent posttranslational modification of proteins that is catalyzed by various types of ADP-ribosyltransferase (ART) enzymes, including members of the poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) family. ADP-ribose (ADPR) modifications can occur as mono(ADP-ribosyl)ation, oligo(ADP-ribosyl)ation, or poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation, depending on the particular ART enzyme catalyzing the reaction, as well as the specific reaction conditions. Understanding the biology of ADP-ribosylation requires facile and robust means of generating and detecting the modification in all of its forms. Here we describe how to generate protein-linked mono(ADP-ribose), oligo(ADP-ribose), and poly(ADP-ribose) (MAR, OAR, and PAR, respectively) in vitro as an automodification of PARPs 1 or 3. First, epitope-tagged PARP-1 (a PARP polyenzyme) and PARP-3 (a PARP monoenzyme) are expressed individually in insect cells using baculovirus expression vectors, and purified using immunoaffinity chromatography. Second, the purified recombinant PARPs are incubated individually in the presence of different concentrations of NAD+ (as a donor of ADPR groups) and sheared DNA (to activate their catalytic activities) resulting in various forms of auto-ADP-ribosylation. Third, the products are confirmed using ADPR detection reagents that can distinguish among MAR, OAR, and PAR. Finally, if desired, the OAR and PAR can be deproteinized. The protein-linked and free MAR, OAR, and PAR generated in these reactions can be used as standards, substrates, or binding partners in a variety of ADPR-related assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Y Lin
- Laboratory of Signaling and Gene Regulation, Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Division of Basic Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Dan Huang
- Laboratory of Signaling and Gene Regulation, Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Division of Basic Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Clinical Center of Human Gene Research, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, P.R. China
| | - W Lee Kraus
- Laboratory of Signaling and Gene Regulation, Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA. .,Division of Basic Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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28
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Stevens LA, Moss J. Mono-ADP-Ribosylation Catalyzed by Arginine-Specific ADP-Ribosyltransferases. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1813:149-165. [PMID: 30097866 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8588-3_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Methods are described for determination of arginine-specific mono-ADP-ribosyltransferase activity of purified proteins and intact cells by monitoring the transfer of ADP-ribose from NAD+ to a model substrate, e.g., arginine, agmatine, and peptide (human neutrophil peptide-1 [HNP1]), and for the nonenzymatic hydrolysis of ADP-ribose-arginine to ornithine, a noncoded amino acid. In addition, preparation of purified ADP-ribosylarginine is included as a control substrate for ADP-ribosylation reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda A Stevens
- Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Joel Moss
- Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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Feldmann J, Li Y, Tor Y. Emissive Synthetic Cofactors: A Highly Responsive NAD + Analogue Reveals Biomolecular Recognition Features. Chemistry 2019; 25:4379-4389. [PMID: 30648291 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201805520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Apart from its vital function as a redox cofactor, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+ ) has emerged as a crucial substrate for NAD+ -consuming enzymes, including poly(ADP-ribosyl)transferase 1 (PARP1) and CD38/CD157. Their association with severe diseases, such as cancer, Alzheimer's disease, and depressions, necessitates the development of new analytical tools based on traceable NAD+ surrogates. Here, the synthesis, photophysics and biochemical utilization of an emissive, thieno[3,4-d]pyrimidine-based NAD+ surrogate, termed Nth AD+ , are described. Its preparation was accomplished by enzymatic conversion of synthetic th ATP by nicotinamide mononucleotide adenylyltransferase 1 (NMNAT1). The new NAD+ analogue possesses useful photophysical features including redshifted absorption and emission maxima as well as a relatively high quantum yield. Serving as a versatile substrate, Nth AD+ was reduced by alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) to Nth ADH and afforded th ADP-ribose (th ADPr) upon hydrolysis by NAD+ -nucleosidase (NADase). Furthermore, Nth AD+ was engaged in cholera toxin A (CTA)-catalyzed mono(th ADP-ribosyl)ation, but was found incapable in promoting PARP1-mediated poly(th ADP-ribosyl)ation. Due to its high photophysical responsiveness, Nth AD+ is suited for spectroscopic real-time monitoring. Intriguingly, and as an N7-lacking NAD+ surrogate, the thieno-based cofactor showed reduced compatibility (i.e., functional similarity compared to native NAD+ ) relative to its isothiazolo-based analogue. The distinct tolerance, displayed by diverse NAD+ producing and consuming enzymes, suggests unique biological recognition features and dependency on the purine N7 moiety, which is found to be of importance, if not essential, for PARP1-mediated reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Feldmann
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0358, USA.,Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Yao Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0358, USA
| | - Yitzhak Tor
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0358, USA
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30
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Mashimo M, Bu X, Aoyama K, Kato J, Ishiwata-Endo H, Stevens LA, Kasamatsu A, Wolfe LA, Toro C, Adams D, Markello T, Gahl WA, Moss J. PARP1 inhibition alleviates injury in ARH3-deficient mice and human cells. JCI Insight 2019; 4:124519. [PMID: 30830864 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.124519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation refers to the covalent attachment of ADP-ribose to protein, generating branched, long chains of ADP-ribose moieties, known as poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR). Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) is the main polymerase and acceptor of PAR in response to DNA damage. Excessive intracellular PAR accumulation due to PARP1 activation leads cell death in a pathway known as parthanatos. PAR degradation is mainly controlled by poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase (PARG) and ADP-ribose-acceptor hydrolase 3 (ARH3). Our previous results demonstrated that ARH3 confers protection against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) exposure, by lowering cytosolic and nuclear PAR levels and preventing apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) nuclear translocation. We identified a family with an ARH3 gene mutation that resulted in a truncated, inactive protein. The 8-year-old proband exhibited a progressive neurodegeneration phenotype. In addition, parthanatos was observed in neurons of the patient's deceased sibling, and an older sibling exhibited a mild behavioral phenotype. Consistent with the previous findings, the patient's fibroblasts and ARH3-deficient mice were more sensitive, respectively, to H2O2 stress and cerebral ischemia/reperfusion-induced PAR accumulation and cell death. Further, PARP1 inhibition alleviated cell death and injury resulting from oxidative stress and ischemia/reperfusion. PARP1 inhibitors may attenuate the progression of neurodegeneration in affected patients with ARH3 deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Mashimo
- Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)
| | - Xiangning Bu
- Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)
| | - Kazumasa Aoyama
- Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)
| | - Jiro Kato
- Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)
| | | | - Linda A Stevens
- Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)
| | | | - Lynne A Wolfe
- NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Program, Common Fund, Office of the Director, and
| | - Camilo Toro
- NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Program, Common Fund, Office of the Director, and
| | - David Adams
- NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Program, Common Fund, Office of the Director, and.,Office of the Clinical Director, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Thomas Markello
- NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Program, Common Fund, Office of the Director, and
| | - William A Gahl
- NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Program, Common Fund, Office of the Director, and.,Office of the Clinical Director, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Joel Moss
- Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)
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31
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Qiu J, Luo ZQ. Methods to study phosphoribosylated ubiquitin ligation and removal. Methods Enzymol 2019; 618:149-166. [PMID: 30850050 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2019.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Ubiquitination is a prevalent protein modification catalyzed by E1, E2, and E3 enzymes that activate, conjugate, and ligate, respectively, the ubiquitin protein to substrate protein. In order to establish a mutualistic or parasitic relationship with their eukaryotic hosts, many microorganisms hijack different aspects of the ubiquitination machinery using bacterial proteins that function as E3 ligases or as enzymes that modify E2s or ubiquitin. Recently, the SidE family of effector proteins (SidEs) from the intracellular bacterial pathogen Legionella pneumophila was found to catalyze ubiquitination by a mechanism unrelated to the classical three-enzyme cascade. Instead of utilizing ATP, SidEs-catalyzed ubiquitination reactions are energized by nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD). Ubiquitin is first activated by ADP-ribosylation at residue Arg42 to form ADP-ribosylated ubiquitin (ADPR-Ub). ADPR-Ub is then cleaved by an activity conferred by a phosphodiesterase (PDE)-related domain also embedded in the SidE family proteins. ADPR-Ub cleavage is coupled to covalent attachment of phosphoribosylated ubiquitin to serine residues of target proteins and the release of AMP. Furthermore, SidE-induced ubiquitination can be reversed by SidJ, another virulence factor from L. pneumophila. Here, we describe the experimental details for SdeA-induced ubiquitination of the small GTPase Rab33b and its reversal by SidJ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiazhang Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhao-Qing Luo
- Purdue Institute for Inflammation, Immunology and Infectious Disease and Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States.
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32
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Kemmotsu T, Yokoyama U, Saito J, Ito S, Uozumi A, Nishimaki S, Iwasaki S, Seki K, Ito S, Ishikawa Y. Antenatal Administration of Betamethasone Contributes to Intimal Thickening of the Rat Ductus Arteriosus. Circ J 2019; 83:654-661. [PMID: 30726804 DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-18-1033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antenatal betamethasone (BMZ) is a standard therapy for reducing respiratory distress syndrome in preterm infants. Recently, some reports have indicated that BMZ promotes ductus arteriosus (DA) closure. DA closure requires morphological remodeling; that is, intimal thickening (IT) formation; however, the role of BMZ in IT formation has not yet been reported. Methods and Results: First, DNA microarray analysis using smooth muscle cells (SMCs) of rat preterm DA on gestational day 20 (pDASMCs) stimulated with BMZ was performed. Among 58,717 probe sets, ADP-ribosyltransferase 3 (Art3) was markedly increased by BMZ stimulation. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) confirmed the BMZ-induced increase of Art3 in pDASMCs, but not in aortic SMCs. Immunocytochemistry showed that BMZ stimulation increased lamellipodia formation. BMZ significantly increased total paxillin protein expression and the ratio of phosphorylated to total paxillin. A scratch assay demonstrated that BMZ stimulation promoted pDASMC migration, which was attenuated byArt3-targeted siRNAs transfection. pDASMC proliferation was not promoted by BMZ, which was analyzed by a 5'-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) assay. Whether BMZ increased IT formation in vivo was examined. BMZ or saline was administered intravenously to maternal rats on gestational days 18 and 19, and DA tissues were obtained on gestational day 20. The ratio of IT to tunica media was significantly higher in the BMZ-treated group. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that antenatal BMZ administration promotes DA IT through Art3-mediated DASMC migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Kemmotsu
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yokohama City University
| | - Utako Yokoyama
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yokohama City University
| | - Junichi Saito
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yokohama City University
| | - Satoko Ito
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yokohama City University
| | - Azusa Uozumi
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University
| | - Shigeru Nishimaki
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University
| | - Shiho Iwasaki
- Perinatal Center, Yokohama City University Medical Center
| | - Kazuo Seki
- Perinatal Center, Yokohama City University Medical Center
| | - Shuichi Ito
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University
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33
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ADP-ribosylation and intracellular traffic: an emerging role for PARP enzymes. Biochem Soc Trans 2019; 47:357-370. [DOI: 10.1042/bst20180416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AbstractADP-ribosylation is an ancient and reversible post-translational modification (PTM) of proteins, in which the ADP-ribose moiety is transferred from NAD+ to target proteins by members of poly-ADP-ribosyl polymerase (PARP) family. The 17 members of this family have been involved in a variety of cellular functions, where their regulatory roles are exerted through the modification of specific substrates, whose identification is crucial to fully define the contribution of this PTM. Evidence of the role of the PARPs is now available both in the context of physiological processes and of cell responses to stress or starvation. An emerging role of the PARPs is their control of intracellular transport, as it is the case for tankyrases/PARP5 and PARP12. Here, we discuss the evidence pointing at this novel aspect of PARPs-dependent cell regulation.
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34
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Enhanced sensitivity to cholera toxin in female ADP-ribosylarginine hydrolase (ARH1)-deficient mice. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0207693. [PMID: 30500844 PMCID: PMC6267974 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0207693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholera toxin, an 84-kDa multimeric protein and a major virulence factor of Vibrio cholerae, uses the ADP-ribosyltransferase activity of its A subunit to intoxicate host cells. ADP-ribosylation is a posttranslational modification of proteins, in which the ADP-ribose moiety of NAD+ is transferred to an acceptor. In mammalian cells, ADP-ribosylation of acceptors appears to be reversible. ADP-ribosyltransferases (ARTs) catalyze the modification of acceptor proteins, and ADP-ribose-acceptor hydrolases (ARHs) cleave the ADP-ribose-acceptor bond. ARH1 specifically cleaves the ADP-ribose-arginine bond. We previously demonstrated a role for endogenous ARH1 in regulating the extent of cholera toxin-mediated fluid and electrolyte abnormalities in a mouse model of intoxication. Murine ARH1-knockout (KO) cells and ARH1-KO mice exhibited increased sensitivity to cholera toxin compared to their wild-type (WT) counterparts. In the current report, we examined the sensitivity to cholera toxin of male and female ARH1-KO and WT mice. Intestinal loops derived from female ARH1-KO mice when injected with cholera toxin showed increased fluid accumulation compared to male ARH1-KO mice. WT mice did not show gender differences in fluid accumulation, ADP-ribosylarginine content, and ADP-ribosyl Gαs levels. Injection of 8-Bromo-cAMP into the intestinal loops also increased fluid accumulation, however, there was no significant difference between female and male mice or in WT and KO mice. Female ARH1-KO mice showed greater amounts of ADP-ribosylated Gαs protein and increased ADP-ribosylarginine content both in whole intestine and in epithelial cells than did male ARH1-KO mice. These results demonstrate that female ARH1-KO mice are more sensitive to cholera toxin than male mice. Loss of ARH1 confers gender sensitivity to the effects of cholera toxin but not of cyclic AMP. These observations may in part explain the finding noted in some clinical reports of enhanced symptoms of cholera and/or diarrhea in women than men.
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35
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Rissiek B, Lukowiak M, Raczkowski F, Magnus T, Mittrücker HW, Koch-Nolte F. In Vivo Blockade of Murine ARTC2.2 During Cell Preparation Preserves the Vitality and Function of Liver Tissue-Resident Memory T Cells. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1580. [PMID: 30038627 PMCID: PMC6046629 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
On murine T cells, GPI-anchored ADP-ribosyltransferase 2.2 (ARTC2.2) ADP-ribosylates the P2X7 ion channel at arginine 125 in response to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) released during cell preparation. We have previously shown that chronic gating of P2X7 by ADP-ribosylation reduces the vitality and function of regulatory T cells and natural killer T cells that co-express high levels of ARTC2.2 and P2X7. Here, we evaluated the expression of ARTC2.2 and P2X7 by effector and memory T cells in the liver of naïve mice and after infection with Listeria monocytogenes (Lm). We found that KLRG1−/CD69+ tissue-resident memory T cells (Trm) in the liver of naïve mice and 7 weeks after infection with Lm express high levels of ARTC2.2 and P2X7. Isolation of liver Trm and subsequent incubation at 37°C resulted in cell death of the majority of CD4+ and CD8+ Trm. Injection of the ARTC2.2-blocking nanobody s+16a 30 min prior to organ harvesting effectively prevented ADP-ribosylation of P2X7 during cell preparation and thereby prevented NAD-induced cell death of the isolated Trm upon subsequent incubation at 37°C. Consequently, preserving Trm vitality by s+16a injection enabled a highly sensitive in vitro cytokine expression profile analyses of FACS sorted liver Trm. We conclude that in vivo blockade of ARTC2.2 during cell preparation by nanobody s+16a injection represents a valuable strategy to study the role and function of liver Trm in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn Rissiek
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center, Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marco Lukowiak
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center, Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Friederike Raczkowski
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center, Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tim Magnus
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center, Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hans-Willi Mittrücker
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center, Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Friedrich Koch-Nolte
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center, Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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36
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Wang Y, Shi M, Feng H, Zhu Y, Liu S, Gao A, Gao P. Structural Insights into Non-canonical Ubiquitination Catalyzed by SidE. Cell 2018; 173:1231-1243.e16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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37
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Crawford K, Bonfiglio JJ, Mikoč A, Matic I, Ahel I. Specificity of reversible ADP-ribosylation and regulation of cellular processes. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2018; 53:64-82. [PMID: 29098880 DOI: 10.1080/10409238.2017.1394265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Proper and timely regulation of cellular processes is fundamental to the overall health and viability of organisms across all kingdoms of life. Thus, organisms have evolved multiple highly dynamic and complex biochemical signaling cascades in order to adapt and survive diverse challenges. One such method of conferring rapid adaptation is the addition or removal of reversible modifications of different chemical groups onto macromolecules which in turn induce the appropriate downstream outcome. ADP-ribosylation, the addition of ADP-ribose (ADPr) groups, represents one of these highly conserved signaling chemicals. Herein we outline the writers, erasers and readers of ADP-ribosylation and dip into the multitude of cellular processes they have been implicated in. We also review what we currently know on how specificity of activity is ensured for this important modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerryanne Crawford
- a Sir William Dunn School of Pathology , University of Oxford , Oxford , UK
| | | | - Andreja Mikoč
- c Division of Molecular Biology , Ruđer Bošković Institute , Zagreb , Croatia
| | - Ivan Matic
- b Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing , Cologne , Germany
| | - Ivan Ahel
- a Sir William Dunn School of Pathology , University of Oxford , Oxford , UK
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Menzel S, Adriouch S, Bannas P, Haag F, Koch-Nolte F. Monitoring Expression and Enzyme Activity of Ecto-ARTCs. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1813:167-186. [PMID: 30097867 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8588-3_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian ARTCs are expressed as glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored ectoenzymes (ARTC1-ARTC4) or secretory proteins (ARTC5) by different cell types. The ARTC2 enzymes catalyze mono-ADP-ribosylation of arginine residues in the extracellular domain of membrane proteins or secretory proteins. In this chapter we provide protocols to monitor the expression and activity of ARTCs on the cell membrane of living cells and in soluble form in biological fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Menzel
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sahil Adriouch
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Rouen, Rouen, France
| | - Peter Bannas
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Friedrich Haag
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Friedrich Koch-Nolte
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
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39
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Gibson BA, Conrad LB, Huang D, Kraus WL. Generation and Characterization of Recombinant Antibody-like ADP-Ribose Binding Proteins. Biochemistry 2017; 56:6305-6316. [PMID: 29053245 PMCID: PMC6465537 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.7b00670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
ADP-ribosylation is an enzyme-catalyzed post-translational modification of proteins in which the ADP-ribose (ADPR) moiety of NAD+ is transferred to a specific amino acid in a substrate protein. The biological functions of ADP-ribosylation are numerous and diverse, ranging from normal physiology to pathological conditions. Biochemical and cellular studies of the diverse forms and functions of ADPR require immunological reagents that can be used for detection and enrichment. The lack of a complete set of tools that recognize all forms of ADPR [i.e., mono-, oligo-, and poly(ADP-ribose)] has hampered progress. Herein, we describe the generation and characterization of a set of recombinant antibody-like ADP-ribose binding proteins, in which naturally occurring ADPR binding domains, including macrodomains and WWE domains, have been functionalized by fusion to the Fc region of rabbit immunoglobulin. These reagents, which collectively recognize all forms of ADPR with different specificities, are useful in a broad array of antibody-based assays, such as immunoblotting, immunofluorescent staining of cells, and immunoprecipitation. Observations from these assays suggest that the biology of ADPR is more diverse, rich, and complex than previously thought. The ARBD-Fc fusion proteins described herein will be useful tools for future exploration of the chemistry, biochemistry, and biology of ADP-ribose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan A. Gibson
- The Laboratory of Signaling and Gene Expression, Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390-8511
- The Division of Basic Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390-8511
| | - Lesley B. Conrad
- The Laboratory of Signaling and Gene Expression, Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390-8511
- The Division of Basic Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390-8511
- The Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390-9032
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Dan Huang
- The Laboratory of Signaling and Gene Expression, Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390-8511
- The Division of Basic Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390-8511
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Clinical Center for Human Gene Research, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, Hubei Province, P. R. China
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - W. Lee Kraus
- The Laboratory of Signaling and Gene Expression, Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390-8511
- The Division of Basic Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390-8511
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40
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CagL from Helicobacter pylori has ADP-ribosylation activity and exerts partial protective efficacy in mice. Arch Biochem Biophys 2017; 635:102-109. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2017.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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41
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Rissiek B, Menzel S, Leutert M, Cordes M, Behr S, Jank L, Ludewig P, Gelderblom M, Rissiek A, Adriouch S, Haag F, Hottiger MO, Koch-Nolte F, Magnus T. Ecto-ADP-ribosyltransferase ARTC2.1 functionally modulates FcγR1 and FcγR2B on murine microglia. Sci Rep 2017; 7:16477. [PMID: 29184112 PMCID: PMC5705771 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-16613-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian ecto-ADP-ribosyltransferases (ecto-ARTs or also ARTCs) catalyze the ADP-ribosylation of cell surface proteins using extracellular nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) as substrate. By this post-translational protein modification, ecto-ARTs modulate the function of various target proteins. A functional role of ARTC2 has been demonstrated for peripheral immune cells such as T cells and macrophages. Yet, little is known about the role of ecto-ARTs in the central nervous system and on microglia. Here, we identified ARTC2.1 as the major ecto-ART expressed on murine microglia. ARTC2.1 expression was strongly upregulated on microglia upon co-stimulation with LPS and an ERK1/2 inhibitor or upon IFNβ stimulation. We identified several target proteins modified by ARTC2.1 on microglia with a recently developed mass spectrometry approach, including two receptors for immunoglobulin G (IgG), FcγR1 and FcγR2B. Both proteins were verified as targets of ARTC2.1 in vitro using a radiolabeling assay with 32P-NAD+ as substrate. Moreover, ADP-ribosylation of both targets strongly inhibited their capacity to bind IgG. In concordance, ARTC2.1 induction in WT microglia and subsequent cell surface ADP-ribosylation significantly reduced the phagocytosis of IgG-coated latex beads, which was unimpaired in NAD+/DTT treated microglia from ARTC2.1-/- mice. Hence, induction of ARTC2.1 expression under inflammatory conditions, and subsequent ADP-ribosylation of cell surface target proteins could represent a hitherto unnoticed mechanism to regulate the immune response of murine microglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn Rissiek
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Stephan Menzel
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mario Leutert
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maike Cordes
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sarah Behr
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Larissa Jank
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Peter Ludewig
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mathias Gelderblom
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anne Rissiek
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sahil Adriouch
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSERM, U1234, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Rouen, France
| | - Friedrich Haag
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael O Hottiger
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Friedrich Koch-Nolte
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tim Magnus
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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42
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Lüscher B, Bütepage M, Eckei L, Krieg S, Verheugd P, Shilton BH. ADP-Ribosylation, a Multifaceted Posttranslational Modification Involved in the Control of Cell Physiology in Health and Disease. Chem Rev 2017; 118:1092-1136. [PMID: 29172462 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Posttranslational modifications (PTMs) regulate protein functions and interactions. ADP-ribosylation is a PTM, in which ADP-ribosyltransferases use nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) to modify target proteins with ADP-ribose. This modification can occur as mono- or poly-ADP-ribosylation. The latter involves the synthesis of long ADP-ribose chains that have specific properties due to the nature of the polymer. ADP-Ribosylation is reversed by hydrolases that cleave the glycosidic bonds either between ADP-ribose units or between the protein proximal ADP-ribose and a given amino acid side chain. Here we discuss the properties of the different enzymes associated with ADP-ribosylation and the consequences of this PTM on substrates. Furthermore, the different domains that interpret either mono- or poly-ADP-ribosylation and the implications for cellular processes are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Lüscher
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University , 52057 Aachen, Germany
| | - Mareike Bütepage
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University , 52057 Aachen, Germany
| | - Laura Eckei
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University , 52057 Aachen, Germany
| | - Sarah Krieg
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University , 52057 Aachen, Germany
| | - Patricia Verheugd
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University , 52057 Aachen, Germany
| | - Brian H Shilton
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University , 52057 Aachen, Germany.,Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario , Medical Sciences Building Room 332, London, Ontario Canada N6A 5C1
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43
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Berk JM, Hochstrasser M. Protein Modification: Bacterial Effectors Rewrite the Rules of Ubiquitylation. Curr Biol 2017; 26:R539-R542. [PMID: 27404243 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2016.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
A family of virulence factors from the bacterial pathogen Legionella pneumophila has been discovered to modify human Rab GTPases with ubiquitin. Surprisingly, this modification occurs via a non-canonical mechanism that uses nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide as a cofactor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason M Berk
- Department of Molecular Biophysics & Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Mark Hochstrasser
- Department of Molecular Biophysics & Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
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44
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Rovira AR, Fin A, Tor Y. Emissive Synthetic Cofactors: An Isomorphic, Isofunctional, and Responsive NAD + Analogue. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:15556-15559. [PMID: 29043790 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b05852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis, photophysics, and biochemical utility of a fluorescent NAD+ analogue based on an isothiazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidine core (NtzAD+) are described. Enzymatic reactions, photophysically monitored in real time, show NtzAD+ and NtzADH to be substrates for yeast alcohol dehydrogenase and lactate dehydrogenase, respectively, with reaction rates comparable to that of the native cofactors. A drop in fluorescence is seen as NtzAD+ is converted to NtzADH, reflecting a complementary photophysical behavior to that of the native NAD+/NADH. NtzAD+ and NtzADH serve as substrates for NADase, which selectively cleaves the nicotinamide's glycosidic bond yielding tzADP-ribose. NtzAD+ also serves as a substrate for ribosyl transferases, including human adenosine ribosyl transferase 5 (ART5) and Cholera toxin subunit A (CTA), which hydrolyze the nicotinamide and transfer tzADP-ribose to an arginine analogue, respectively. These reactions can be monitored by fluorescence spectroscopy, in stark contrast to the corresponding processes with the nonemissive NAD+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander R Rovira
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego , La Jolla, California 92093-0358, United States
| | - Andrea Fin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego , La Jolla, California 92093-0358, United States
| | - Yitzhak Tor
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego , La Jolla, California 92093-0358, United States
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45
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Zhu J, Lv Y, Han X, Xu D, Han W. Understanding the differences of the ligand binding/unbinding pathways between phosphorylated and non-phosphorylated ARH1 using molecular dynamics simulations. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12439. [PMID: 28963484 PMCID: PMC5622063 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12031-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
ADP-ribosylhydrolases (ARH1, ARH2 and ARH3) are a family of enzymes to catalyze ADP-ribosylation, a reversible and covalent post-translational modification (PTM). There are four phosphorylated sites (Tyr-4, Tyr-19, Tyr-20, and Tyr-205) in ARH1. To explore the structural changes and functional impact induced by phosphorylation, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and steered molecular dynamics (SMD) simulations were performed for the phosphorylated and non-phosphorylated ARH1 with the ligands. MD simulations results indicate that: (1) Glu-25 is more frequently in the α helix group in the phosphorylated state with the adenosine-5-diphosphate-ribosylarginine (ADP-RA) complex (51.56%) than that of the non-phosphorylated state(2.12%); (2) Ser-124 and Ser-264 become less flexible in the phosphorylated state with ADP-RA complex, which helps two residues form hydrogen bonds with ADP-RA; and (3) Tyr-211 is also less flexible in the phosphorylated state with ADP-RA complex, which helps stabilize the cation-π interaction of Y211-R119. All these changes facilitate ADP-RA to bind ARH1. In addition, according to the crystal structure of adenosine-5-diphosphate-ribose (ADP-ribose) in complex with non-phosphorylated and phosphorylated ARH1, the possible unbinding pathways of ADP-ribose from non-phosphorylated and phosphorylated ARH1 were explored respectively using SMD simulations. Our results show that phosphorylated ARH1 has more ordered structures than the non-phosphorylated type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxuan Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Yishuo Lv
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Xiaosong Han
- Department of Electric Engineering and Computer Science, C.S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, 65211, USA
- College of Computer Science and Technology Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Dong Xu
- Department of Electric Engineering and Computer Science, C.S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, 65211, USA.
- College of Computer Science and Technology Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, China.
| | - Weiwei Han
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, China.
- Department of Electric Engineering and Computer Science, C.S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, 65211, USA.
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46
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Palazzo L, Mikoč A, Ahel I. ADP-ribosylation: new facets of an ancient modification. FEBS J 2017; 284:2932-2946. [PMID: 28383827 PMCID: PMC7163968 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Rapid response to environmental changes is achieved by uni- and multicellular organisms through a series of molecular events, often involving modification of macromolecules, including proteins, nucleic acids and lipids. Amongst these, ADP-ribosylation is of emerging interest because of its ability to modify different macromolecules in the cells, and its association with many key biological processes, such as DNA-damage repair, DNA replication, transcription, cell division, signal transduction, stress and infection responses, microbial pathogenicity and aging. In this review, we provide an update on novel pathways and mechanisms regulated by ADP-ribosylation in organisms coming from all kingdoms of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Palazzo
- Sir William Dunn School of PathologyUniversity of OxfordUK
| | - Andreja Mikoč
- Division of Molecular BiologyRuđer Bošković InstituteZagrebCroatia
| | - Ivan Ahel
- Sir William Dunn School of PathologyUniversity of OxfordUK
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47
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Fontana P, Bonfiglio JJ, Palazzo L, Bartlett E, Matic I, Ahel I. Serine ADP-ribosylation reversal by the hydrolase ARH3. eLife 2017; 6:e28533. [PMID: 28650317 PMCID: PMC5552275 DOI: 10.7554/elife.28533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
ADP-ribosylation (ADPr) is a posttranslational modification (PTM) of proteins that controls many cellular processes, including DNA repair, transcription, chromatin regulation and mitosis. A number of proteins catalyse the transfer and hydrolysis of ADPr, and also specify how and when the modification is conjugated to the targets. We recently discovered a new form of ADPr that is attached to serine residues in target proteins (Ser-ADPr) and showed that this PTM is specifically made by PARP1/HPF1 and PARP2/HPF1 complexes. In this work, we found by quantitative proteomics that histone Ser-ADPr is reversible in cells during response to DNA damage. By screening for the hydrolase that is responsible for the reversal of Ser-ADPr, we identified ARH3/ADPRHL2 as capable of efficiently and specifically removing Ser-ADPr of histones and other proteins. We further showed that Ser-ADPr is a major PTM in cells after DNA damage and that this signalling is dependent on ARH3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Fontana
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Luca Palazzo
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Edward Bartlett
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ivan Matic
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ivan Ahel
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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48
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Mashimo M, Moss J. Functional Role of ADP-Ribosyl-Acceptor Hydrolase 3 in poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-1 Response to Oxidative Stress. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2017; 17:633-640. [PMID: 27090906 DOI: 10.2174/1389203717666160419144603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Poly-ADP-ribosylation has been proposed to be a reversible protein modification, participating in diverse cellular functions including DNA repair, chromatin remodeling, genetic stability, mitosis, and cell death. Poly-ADP-ribosylation is initiated by the transfer of the ADP-ribose moiety of NAD+ primarily to the carboxyl groups of glutamate and aspartate and amino group of lysine residues in target proteins, followed by elongation of poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR) chains via α-O-glycosidic (C- 1"-C-2') ribose-ribose bonds. PAR consists of polymers of ADP-ribose (up to 200 units) with branching via α-O-glycosidic (C-1"'-C-2") ribose-ribose bonds. Further, the pyrophosphate group of each ADP-ribose has two negative charges. Therefore, in proteins modified by PAR, a complex structure with negative charges may lead to dynamic changes of functions. PAR formation is catalyzed by poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) and terminated by several types of enzymes with PAR-degrading activities; poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase (PARG), ADP-ribosylacceptor hydrolase (ARH) 3, ARH1, and macrodomain-containing proteins. PARG has been thought to be primarily responsible for PAR degradation. In 2006, ARH3 was cloned and identified as another type of PAR-degrading protein. Although PAR-degrading activity of ARH3 is less than that of PARG, different mechanisms of PAR recognition and the cellular localization of ARH3 appear to be responsible for unique cellular roles of ARH3 involving PAR. In the present review, we focused on our findings regarding structure, biological properties, and cellular functions of ARH3. In addition, we describe the current knowledge of poly-ADP-ribosylation and cell death pathways regulated PARP1, PARG, and ARH3.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joel Moss
- Rm. 6D05, Bldg. 10, MSC 1590, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1590; USA.
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49
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Kistemaker HAV, Nardozza AP, Overkleeft HS, van der Marel GA, Ladurner AG, Filippov DV. Synthesis and Macrodomain Binding of Mono-ADP-Ribosylated Peptides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201604058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hans A. V. Kistemaker
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry; Dept. of Bio-organic Synthesis; Leiden University; Einsteinweg 55 2333 CC Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Aurelio Pio Nardozza
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Biomedical Center; Faculty of Medicine; Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; Großhaderner Street 9 82152 Planegg-Martinsried Germany
| | - Herman S. Overkleeft
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry; Dept. of Bio-organic Synthesis; Leiden University; Einsteinweg 55 2333 CC Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Gijs A. van der Marel
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry; Dept. of Bio-organic Synthesis; Leiden University; Einsteinweg 55 2333 CC Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Andreas G. Ladurner
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Biomedical Center; Faculty of Medicine; Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; Großhaderner Street 9 82152 Planegg-Martinsried Germany
- Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPSM); Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; Butenandt Street 5 81377 Munich Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy); Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; Feodor Lynen Street 17 81377 Munich Germany
| | - Dmitri V. Filippov
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry; Dept. of Bio-organic Synthesis; Leiden University; Einsteinweg 55 2333 CC Leiden The Netherlands
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50
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Kistemaker HAV, Nardozza AP, Overkleeft HS, van der Marel GA, Ladurner AG, Filippov DV. Synthesis and Macrodomain Binding of Mono-ADP-Ribosylated Peptides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:10634-8. [PMID: 27464500 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201604058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Mono-ADP-ribosylation is a dynamic posttranslational modification (PTM) with important roles in signaling. Mammalian proteins that recognize or hydrolyze mono-ADP-ribosylated proteins have been described. We report the synthesis of ADP-ribosylated peptides from the proteins histone H2B, RhoA and, HNP-1. An innovative procedure was applied that makes use of pre-phosphorylated amino acid building blocks. Binding assays revealed that the macrodomains of human MacroD2 and TARG1 exhibit distinct specificities for the different ADP-ribosylated peptides, thus showing that the sequence surrounding ADP-ribosylated residues affects the substrate selectivity of macrodomains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans A V Kistemaker
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Dept. of Bio-organic Synthesis, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Aurelio Pio Nardozza
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Großhaderner Street 9, 82152, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Herman S Overkleeft
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Dept. of Bio-organic Synthesis, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Gijs A van der Marel
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Dept. of Bio-organic Synthesis, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Andreas G Ladurner
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Großhaderner Street 9, 82152, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany. .,Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPSM), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandt Street 5, 81377, Munich, Germany. .,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Feodor Lynen Street 17, 81377, Munich, Germany.
| | - Dmitri V Filippov
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Dept. of Bio-organic Synthesis, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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