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Sim KY, An J, Bae SE, Yang T, Ko GH, Hwang JR, Choi KY, Park JE, Lee JS, Kim BC, Lee KH, Park SG. Alzheimer's disease risk associated with changes in Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen 1-specific epitope targeting antibody levels. J Infect Public Health 2024; 17:102462. [PMID: 38824738 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2024.05.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder influenced by age, sex, genetic factors, immune alterations, and infections. Multiple lines of evidence suggest that changes in antibody response are linked to AD pathology. METHODS To elucidate the mechanisms underlying AD development, we investigated antibodies that target autoimmune epitopes using high-resolution epitope microarrays. Our study compared two groups: individuals with AD (n = 19) and non-demented (ND) controls (n = 19). To validate the results, we measured antibody levels in plasma samples from AD patients (n = 96), mild cognitive impairment (MCI; n = 91), and ND controls (n = 97). To further explore the invlovement of EBV, we performed epitope masking immunofluorescence microscopy analysis and tests to induce lytic replication using the B95-8 cell line. RESULTS In this study, we analyzed high-resolution epitope-specific serum antibody levels in AD, revealing significant disparities in antibodies targeting multiple epitopes between the AD and control groups. Particularly noteworthy was the significant down-regulation of antibody (anti-DG#29) targeting an epitope of Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA1). This down-regulation increased AD risk in female patients (odds ratio up to 6.6), but not in male patients. Our investigation further revealed that the down-regulation of the antibody (anti-DG#29) is associated with EBV reactivation in AD, as indicated by the analysis of EBV VCA IgG or IgM levels. Additionally, our data demonstrated that the epitope region on EBNA1 for the antibody is hidden during the EBV lytic reactivation of B95-8 cells. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest a potential relationship of EBV in the development of AD in female. Moreover, we propose that antibodies targeting the epitope (DG#29) of EBNA1 could serve as valuable indicators of AD risk in female.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyu-Young Sim
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaekyeung An
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Eun Bae
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Taewoo Yang
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwang-Hoon Ko
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Ryul Hwang
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu Yeong Choi
- Asian Dementia Research Initiative, Chosun University, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Eun Park
- Asian Dementia Research Initiative, Chosun University, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Science and BK21-plus Research Team for Bioactive Control Technology, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Sup Lee
- Asian Dementia Research Initiative, Chosun University, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Science and BK21-plus Research Team for Bioactive Control Technology, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong C Kim
- Asian Dementia Research Initiative, Chosun University, Republic of Korea; Department of Neurology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Kun Ho Lee
- Asian Dementia Research Initiative, Chosun University, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Science and BK21-plus Research Team for Bioactive Control Technology, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea; Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Gyoo Park
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Hudu SA, Shinkafi SH, Jimoh AO. A critical review of diagnostic and prognostic markers of chronic hepatitis B infection. MEDICAL REVIEW (2021) 2024; 4:225-234. [PMID: 38919396 PMCID: PMC11195425 DOI: 10.1515/mr-2024-0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
A major worldwide health concern, chronic hepatitis B necessitates precise prognostic and diagnostic indicators for clinical guidance. This article highlights the clinical importance and current issues of the major markers used in both the detection and prognosis of chronic hepatitis B. An important indicator of an ongoing and persistent infection is the hepatitis B surface antigen. Hepatitis B virus DNA quantification monitoring aids in assessing viral load and hepatic cancer risk. While limited evidence of liver damage is provided by alanine aminotransferase levels, the hepatitis B core antibody verifies acute infection. Seroconversion to the hepatitis B e antibody is linked to a lower risk of disease development, and the hepatitis B e antigen status is a critical prognostic factor. Treatment choices are guided by a biopsy of the liver or minimally invasive liver fibrosis detection. Genotypes of the hepatitis B virus and host variables influence the prognosis by adding to the disease's variability. Noninvasive techniques to evaluate the severity of the disease are provided by serum markers of fibrosis, such as the fibrosis score based on four criteria and the aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index. The requirement for indicators that distinguish between distinct viral phases and increase specificity in evaluating liver damage is one of the challenges facing chronic hepatitis B research. Even though it is quite difficult to find reliable biomarkers for resistance especially when it comes to hepatocellular cancer risk estimation, there are advanced methods, which include imaging and omics that can help in improving the accuracy of the diagnostics and prognosis. Interventions early point that improve patient outcomes are made possible using diagnostics and prognostics as they are quite effective in managing the complicated landscape of chronic hepatitis B. Key in addressing these challenges today and improving the diagnostic and prognostic markers in the future, particularly those that would support the development of successful treatment plans for people living with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV), are scientific research, technological advances and collaborations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaibu Abdullahi Hudu
- Department of Basic Medical and Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Zarqa University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Sa’adatu Haruna Shinkafi
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto, Sokoto State, Nigeria
| | - Abdulgafar Olayiwola Jimoh
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Clinical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, 840232Sokoto State, Nigeria
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Du S, Shen X, Sun Y, Li J, Wang J, Cai Y, Li H. A retrospective study to determine the correlation among HBV PreS1 antigen, HBV e antigen, alanine aminotransferase, and HBV DNA. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2024; 48:102369. [PMID: 38719147 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2024.102369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection presents with indicators of varying clinical significance. We aimed to evaluate the correlation among HBV Pre-S1 antigen (HBV PreS1-Ag), HBV e antigen (HBeAg), HBV DNA, and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed 6180 serum samples collected between 2020 and 2022 at the Shanghai General Hospital, China. Data regarding PreS1-Ag, HBeAg, ALT, and HBV DNA were compiled. Correlation analyses and cross-tabulations were employed to explore the diagnostic indicators. RESULTS The detection rates of both antigen indicators showed a proportional increase with HBV DNA loads. The correlation between PreS1-Ag and HBV DNA (r = 0.616) was stronger than that between HBeAg and HBV DNA (r = 0.391). The specificity of PreS1-Ag (84.30 %) was lower than that of HBeAg (97.44 %), whereas the sensitivity of HBeAg (91.13 %) significantly surpassed that of PreS1-Ag (29.56 %). Among the HBV DNA positive patients, 92.04 % tested positive for at least one indicator, which exceeded the rate of PreS1+HBeAg- and PreS1-HBeAg+ (52. 28 % and 68. 56 %, respectively). Only 1.75 % of the patients exhibited double negativity, which was lower than the percentage of patients with single negativity (1.95 % and 12.00 % for PreS1-Ag and HBeAg, respectively). The PreS1 levels correlated with ALT levels (r = 0.317); patients with PreS1-positive status had higher ALT levels than patients with PreS1-negative status. CONCLUSION PreS1-Ag is a more robust HBV replication indicator than HBeAg. PreS1-Ag displayed high sensitivity, whereas HBeAg demonstrated high specificity. Moreover, PreS1-Ag levels correlated with ALT levels. A combination of these indicators demonstrated dependable clinical value for detecting HBV infection and evaluating liver function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sihan Du
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Ximin Shen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Yi Sun
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Jia Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Yiting Cai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China.
| | - He Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China.
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Wang J, Sun X, Wei S, Chen X, Zhu H, Liantang Y, Bao R, Du Y. Noninvasive models for the prediction of liver fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B. BMC Gastroenterol 2024; 24:183. [PMID: 38783185 PMCID: PMC11119390 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-024-03270-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of aspartate aminotransferase(AST)/ alanine transaminase (ALT), AST to platelet ratio index (APRI), fibrosis-4 score (FIB-4) and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase to platelet count ratio (GPR) for hepatic fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB). METHODS A total of 1210 CHB patients who underwent liver biopsy were divided into two groups: patients with no significant fibrosis (control group) and patients with significant fibrosis, and routine laboratory tests were retrospectively included. Logistic regression models were used for the prediction, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) was used to assess the diagnostic accuracy. RESULTS A total of 631 (52.1%) and 275 (22.7%) patients had significant fibrosis (≥ S2) and advanced fibrosis (≥ S3), respectively. The GPR showed significantly higher diagnostic accuracy than that of APRI, FiB-4, and AST/ALT to predict ≥ S2(significant fibrosis) and ≥ S3 fibrosis(advanced fibrosis), with an AUROC was 0.69 (95%CI: 0.66-0.71) and 0.72 (0.69-0.75), respectively. After stratified by the status of HBeAg ( positive or negative), GPR, APRI, and FiB-4 showed improved predicting performance for significant fibrosis and advanced fibrosis in HBeAg positive patients, with the most significant improvement was shown for GPR in predicting significant fibrosis (AUROC = 0.74, 95%CI: 0.70-0.78). CONCLUSIONS Among the four noninvasive models, GPR has the best performance in the diagnosis of hepatic fibrosis in CHB patients and is more valuable in HBeAg-positive patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanxia Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, No. 82 Cuiyingmen, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730030, China.
| | - Xince Sun
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, No. 82 Cuiyingmen, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730030, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730030, China
| | - Shibo Wei
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, No. 82 Cuiyingmen, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730030, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730030, China
| | - Xinyue Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, No. 82 Cuiyingmen, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730030, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730030, China
| | - Haoyu Zhu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, No. 82 Cuiyingmen, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730030, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730030, China
| | - Youyou Liantang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, No. 82 Cuiyingmen, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730030, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730030, China
| | - Ruikun Bao
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, No. 199 West Donggang R.D, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Yufeng Du
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, No. 199 West Donggang R.D, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China.
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Ma H, Yan QZ, Ma JR, Li DF, Yang JL. Overview of the immunological mechanisms in hepatitis B virus reactivation: Implications for disease progression and management strategies. World J Gastroenterol 2024; 30:1295-1312. [PMID: 38596493 PMCID: PMC11000084 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v30.i10.1295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation is a clinically significant challenge in disease management. This review explores the immunological mechanisms underlying HBV reactivation, emphasizing disease progression and management. It delves into host immune responses and reactivation's delicate balance, spanning innate and adaptive immunity. Viral factors' disruption of this balance, as are interactions between viral antigens, immune cells, cytokine networks, and immune checkpoint pathways, are examined. Notably, the roles of T cells, natural killer cells, and antigen-presenting cells are discussed, highlighting their influence on disease progression. HBV reactivation's impact on disease severity, hepatic flares, liver fibrosis progression, and hepatocellular carcinoma is detailed. Management strategies, including anti-viral and immunomodulatory approaches, are critically analyzed. The role of prophylactic anti-viral therapy during immunosuppressive treatments is explored alongside novel immunotherapeutic interventions to restore immune control and prevent reactivation. In conclusion, this comprehensive review furnishes a holistic view of the immunological mechanisms that propel HBV reactivation. With a dedicated focus on understanding its implications for disease progression and the prospects of efficient management strategies, this article contributes significantly to the knowledge base. The more profound insights into the intricate interactions between viral elements and the immune system will inform evidence-based approaches, ultimately enhancing disease management and elevating patient outcomes. The dynamic landscape of management strategies is critically scrutinized, spanning anti-viral and immunomodulatory approaches. The role of prophylactic anti-viral therapy in preventing reactivation during immunosuppressive treatments and the potential of innovative immunotherapeutic interventions to restore immune control and proactively deter reactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Ma
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130000, Jilin Province, China
| | - Qing-Zhu Yan
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130000, Jilin Province, China
| | - Jing-Ru Ma
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130000, Jilin Province, China
| | - Dong-Fu Li
- Digestive Diseases Center, Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Medicine, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130000, Jilin Province, China
| | - Jun-Ling Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130000, Jilin Province, China
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Bujandric N, Grujic J, Milanovic MK. An interesting case of isolated false-negative hepatitis B surface antigen in a blood donor. Vox Sang 2023. [PMID: 38157225 DOI: 10.1111/vox.13581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES An important requirement for a hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) screening assay is reliable detection of HBsAg mutant forms, especially in blood donation. Here we investigate and describe the case of an isolated false-negative result of commercial serology HBsAg screening assay of a blood donor. MATERIALS AND METHODS The current donation was routinely tested for HBsAg and hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA in the mini-pool mode nucleic acid testing (MP-NAT of six samples), and further evaluated by individual donation ID-NAT. Finally, it was quantified and sequenced. All previous donations were found to have negative HBsAg and HBV DNA, as also the subsequent sample taken 3 months after the marked donation. RESULTS The current donation of the 53-year-old unvaccinated female with 14 previous donations was initially HBsAg negative and HBV DNA (MP-NAT) positive. Further testing showed HBsAg positive using other HBV serological assays, antibodies to HBV core antigen immunoglobulin M positive and HBV DNA ID-NAT positive, and contained 200 IU/mL of HBV DNA. The implicated donation carried genotype D strains, subtype ayw2 (F83S, V96A, V190A, L193S, I195T, L213S, F220L). The mutations in three positions, namely amino acids T118A, P120T, and P127T, were proven subsequently. CONCLUSION This unique mutation combination near the target epitope of one of the immunoassay monoclonals is a possible cause of the reduced analytical sensitivity of the serology assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nevenka Bujandric
- Department of Transfusiology, Faculty of Medicine University in Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Blood Transfusion Institute of Vojvodina, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Jasmina Grujic
- Department of Transfusiology, Faculty of Medicine University in Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Blood Transfusion Institute of Vojvodina, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Mirjana Krga Milanovic
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Blood Transfusion Institute of Vojvodina, Novi Sad, Serbia
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Rosenberg M, Poluch M, Thomas C, Sindaco P, Khoo A, Porcu P. Hepatitis B Virus and B-cell lymphoma: evidence, unmet need, clinical impact, and opportunities. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1275800. [PMID: 37927464 PMCID: PMC10623156 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1275800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nearly a billion people worldwide are infected with the hepatitis B Virus (HBV) and about a third of them have chronic infection. HBV is an important cause of morbidity and mortality, including acute and chronic hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Screening and control of primary HBV infection through vaccination represent a major advance in global public health, but large sections of the world population, in both developed and underdeveloped countries, remain unscreened and unvaccinated. In addition to being a global cause of liver disease, an important role of HBV in lymphoma has also emerged. First, the high risk of HBV reactivation in previously infected patients receiving chemo-immunotherapy necessitates the systematic evaluation of HBV serological status in all non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) cases and preemptive antiviral therapy for those who may have chronic or occult HBV infection. Second, HBV has been shown to infect lymphocytes, namely B-cells, and has been associated with a higher risk of developing B-cell lymphoma, most clearly in countries where HBV is endemic. While the risk of HBV reactivation with chemoimmunotherapy in NHL is well known, the role and the impact of HBV as a global lymphoma risk factor and potential oncogenic driver in B-cells are very poorly understood. Here, we review the clinical and scientific evidence supporting an association between HBV and B-cell lymphoma, with a particular focus on diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and provide an overview of the estimated impact of HBV infection on the biology and clinical course of DLBCL. We also discuss ways to gain a better insight into the unmet need posed by HBV in lymphoma and whether assessing immune responses to HBV, measuring viral loads, and detecting the presence of HBV-encoded proteins in tumor tissue could be integrated into the molecular and clinical risk stratification of patients with DLBCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Rosenberg
- Department of Internal Medicine, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, United States
- Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Maria Poluch
- Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Colin Thomas
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Paola Sindaco
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Medical Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Alan Khoo
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Pierluigi Porcu
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Medical Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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Pondé RADA. Unusual serological profile in hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection associated with a probable clinical case of acute exacerbation of pre-existing chronic HBV infection. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:6435-6443. [PMID: 37326752 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08546-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute or chronic HBV infection in an individual can be laboratory characterized according to the serological profile of the viral markers in the bloodstream, and the dynamics monitoring of these markers is necessary to assess the disorder course and the infection outcome. However, under certain circumstances unusual or atypical serological profiles may be observed in both acute and chronic HBV infection. They are considered as such because they do not properly characterize the form or infection clinical phase or because they seem inconsistent, considering the viral markers dynamics in both clinical contexts. This manuscript comprises the analysis of an unusual serological profile in HBV infection. METHODS AND RESULTS This clinical-laboratory study, had as reference a patient who presented clinical profile suggestive of acute HBV infection after recent exposure, whose laboratory data were initially compatible with this clinical presentation. However, the serological profile analysis and its monitoring demonstrated unusual pattern of viral markers expression, which has been observed in several clinical contexts, and is often associated a number of agent- or host-related factors. CONCLUSION The serological profile analyzed here, associated with the biochemical markers serum levels found, is indicative of active chronic infection, consequence of viral reactivation. This finding suggests that in the event of unusual serological profiles in HBV infection, if the influence of agent- or host-related factors is not properly considered and neither the viral markers dynamics properly analyzed, there may be mistake in the infection clinical diagnosis, especially when the patient's clinical and epidemiological history is unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robério Amorim de Almeida Pondé
- Secretaria de Estado da Saúde -SES/Superintendência de Vigilância em Saúde-SUVISA/GO, Gerência de Vigilância Epidemiológica de Doenças Transmissíveis-GVEDT/Coordenação de Análises e Pesquisas-CAP, Goiânia, Brazil.
- Laboratory of Human Virology, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil.
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Yang ZW, Pham TTH, Hsu CC, Lien CH, Phan QH. Single-Layer-Graphene-Coated and Gold-Film-Based Surface Plasmon Resonance Prism Coupler Sensor for Immunoglobulin G Detection. SENSORS 2022; 22:s22041362. [PMID: 35214258 PMCID: PMC8962983 DOI: 10.3390/s22041362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A graphene-based surface plasmon resonance (SPR) prism coupler sensor is proposed for the rapid detection of immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies. The feasibility of the proposed sensor is demonstrated by measuring the IgG concentration in phantom mouse and human serum solutions over the range of 0–250 ng/mL. The results show that the circular dichroism and principal fast axis angle of linear birefringence increase in line with increases in IgG concentration over the considered range. Moreover, the proposed device has a resolution of 5–10 ng/mL and a response time of less than three minutes. In general, the sensor provides a promising approach for IgG detection and has significant potential for rapid infectious viral disease testing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe-Wei Yang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National United University, Miaoli 36063, Taiwan; (Z.-W.Y.); (C.-C.H.)
| | - Thi-Thu-Hien Pham
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, International University-Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam;
| | - Chin-Chi Hsu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National United University, Miaoli 36063, Taiwan; (Z.-W.Y.); (C.-C.H.)
| | - Chi-Hsiang Lien
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National United University, Miaoli 36063, Taiwan; (Z.-W.Y.); (C.-C.H.)
- Correspondence: (C.-H.L.); (Q.-H.P.)
| | - Quoc-Hung Phan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National United University, Miaoli 36063, Taiwan; (Z.-W.Y.); (C.-C.H.)
- Correspondence: (C.-H.L.); (Q.-H.P.)
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