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Fridley JD, Bauerle TL, Craddock A, Ebert AR, Frank DA, Heberling JM, Hinman ED, Jo I, Martinez KA, Smith MS, Woolhiser LJ, Yin J. Fast but steady: An integrated leaf-stem-root trait syndrome for woody forest invaders. Ecol Lett 2022; 25:900-912. [PMID: 35098634 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Successful control and prevention of biological invasions depend on identifying traits of non-native species that promote fitness advantages in competition with native species. Here, we show that, among 76 native and non-native woody plants of deciduous forests of North America, invaders express a unique functional syndrome that combines high metabolic rate with robust leaves of longer lifespan and a greater duration of annual carbon gain, behaviours enabled by seasonally plastic xylem structure and rapid production of thin roots. This trait combination was absent in all native species examined and suggests the success of forest invaders is driven by a novel resource-use strategy. Furthermore, two traits alone-annual leaf duration and nuclear DNA content-separated native and invasive species with 93% accuracy, supporting the use of functional traits in invader risk assessments. A trait syndrome reflecting both fast growth capacity and understorey persistence may be a key driver of forest invasions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason D Fridley
- Department of Biology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Taryn L Bauerle
- School of Integrative Plant Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Alaä Craddock
- Department of Biology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Alex R Ebert
- Department of Biology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Douglas A Frank
- Department of Biology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | | | - Elise D Hinman
- Department of Biology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Insu Jo
- Department of Biology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | | | - Maria S Smith
- School of Integrative Plant Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | | | - Jingjing Yin
- School of Integrative Plant Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
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2
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Simulated nitrogen deposition induces shifts in growth and resource-use strategies during range expansion of an invasive plant. Biol Invasions 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-021-02668-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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3
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Verryckt LT, Van Langenhove L, Ciais P, Courtois EA, Vicca S, Peñuelas J, Stahl C, Coste S, Ellsworth DS, Posada JM, Obersteiner M, Chave J, Janssens IA. Coping with branch excision when measuring leaf net photosynthetic rates in a lowland tropical forest. Biotropica 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.12774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Philippe Ciais
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement CEA‐CNRS‐UVSQ Gif‐sur‐Yvette France
| | - Elodie A. Courtois
- Laboratoire Ecologie, Évolution, Interactions des Systèmes Amazoniens (LEEISA) Université de Guyane CNRS IFREMER Cayenne French Guiana
| | - Sara Vicca
- Department of Biology University of Antwerp Wilrijk Belgium
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- CSIC Global Ecology CREAF‐CEAB‐CSIC‐UAB Cerdanyola del Valles Barcelona Spain
| | - Clément Stahl
- UMR Ecofog, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Cirad INRA Université des Antilles Université de Guyane Kourou France
| | - Sabrina Coste
- UMR Ecofog, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Cirad INRA Université des Antilles Université de Guyane Kourou France
| | - David S. Ellsworth
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment Western Sydney University Penrith NSW Australia
| | - Juan M. Posada
- Biology Department Faculty of Natural Sciences Universidad del Rosario Bogotá Colombia
| | - Michael Obersteiner
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA) Laxenburg Austria
| | - Jérôme Chave
- UMR 5174 Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité Biologique Université Paul Sabatier CNRS Toulouse France
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4
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Martinez KA, Fridley JD, Oguchi R, Aiba M, Hikosaka K. Functional shifts in leaves of woody invaders of deciduous forests between their home and away ranges. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 39:1551-1560. [PMID: 31209471 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpz065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Temperate forests are widely invaded by shade-tolerant shrubs and trees, including those of Eastern North America (ENA). However, it remains unknown whether these invaders are 'preadapted' for success in their new ranges due to unique aspects of their evolutionary history or whether selection due to enemy release or other postintroduction processes have driven rapid evolution in the invaded range. We sampled leaf traits of populations of woody understory invaders across light gradients in their native range in Japan and in their invaded ENA range to examine potential phenotypic shifts related to carbon gain and nitrogen use between ranges. We also measured leaf traits in three co-occurring ENA native shrub species. In their invaded range, invaders invested significantly less in leaf chlorophyll content (both per unit leaf mass and area) compared with native range populations of the same species, yet maintained similar rates of photosynthesis in low light. In addition, compared with ENA natives, ENA invaders displayed greater trait variation in response to increasing light availability (forest edges, gaps), giving them a potential advantage over ENA natives in a variety of light conditions. We conclude that, for this group of species, newly evolved phenotypes in the invaded range are more important than preadaptation for their success as shade-tolerant forest invaders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jason D Fridley
- Department of Biology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Riichi Oguchi
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Masahiro Aiba
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Kouki Hikosaka
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
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Hinman ED, Fridley JD. To spend or to save? Assessing energetic growth-storage tradeoffs in native and invasive woody plants. Oecologia 2018; 188:659-669. [PMID: 29882168 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-018-4177-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2018] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Many non-native woody plants invade low-light forest understories but differ from native species in leaf phenology and seasonality of photosynthesis. It is unknown whether such differences in assimilation patterns are due to contrasting strategies of energy allocation. In a group of native and invasive species in Eastern North America, we hypothesized that invaders employ a grow-first strategy, prioritizing allocation to new structural biomass over carbon storage compared to native congeners. We also hypothesized that species producing a single spring leaf flush exhibit a more conservative carbon storage strategy than species with continuous leaf production. We measured sugar and starch concentrations (non-structural carbohydrates; NSCs) in spring and fall in the stems and roots of 39 species of native and non-native shrubs in a common garden, and compared these to patterns of leaf production across species. Native species had higher soluble sugar concentrations than invaders, but invaders tended to store more root starch in spring. We found no difference in leaf production between natives and invaders. Determinate species had more soluble sugars than indeterminate species but had lower root starch. We found no relationship between aboveground productivity and carbon storage. Our results suggest that closely related species with contrasting evolutionary histories have different carbon storage strategies, although not necessarily in relation to their growth potential. The higher soluble sugar concentrations of native species may reflect their evolutionary response to historical disturbances, or different interactions with soil microbes, while increased spring root starch in invaders may support fine root or fruit production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise D Hinman
- Biology Department, Syracuse University, 107 College Place, Syracuse, NY, 13244, USA.
| | - Jason D Fridley
- Biology Department, Syracuse University, 107 College Place, Syracuse, NY, 13244, USA
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Hirsch H, Richardson DM, Le Roux JJ. Introduction to the special issue: Tree invasions: towards a better understanding of their complex evolutionary dynamics. AOB PLANTS 2017; 9:plx014. [PMID: 28533897 PMCID: PMC5420828 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plx014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Many invasive plants show evidence of trait-based evolutionary change, but these remain largely unexplored for invasive trees. The increasing number of invasive trees and their tremendous impacts worldwide, however, illustrates the urgent need to bridge this knowledge gap to apply efficient management. Consequently, an interdisciplinary workshop, held in 2015 at Stellenbosch University in Stellenbosch, South Africa, brought together international researchers to discuss our understanding of evolutionary dynamics in invasive trees. The main outcome of this workshop is this Special Issue of AoB PLANTS. The collection of papers in this issue has helped to identify and assess the evolutionary mechanisms that are likely to influence tree invasions. It also facilitated expansion of the unified framework for biological invasions to incorporate key evolutionary processes. The papers cover a wide range of evolutionary mechanisms in tree genomes (adaptation), epigenomes (phenotypic plasticity) and their second genomes (mutualists), and show how such mechanisms can impact tree invasion processes and management. The special issue provides a comprehensive overview of the factors that promote and mitigate the invasive success of tree species in many parts of the world. It also shows that incorporating evolutionary concepts is crucial for understanding the complex drivers of tree invasions and has much potential to improve management. The contributions of the special issue also highlight many priorities for further work in the face of ever-increasing tree invasions; the complexity of this research needs calls for expanded interdisciplinary research collaborations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Hirsch
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany & Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Matieland 7602, South Africa
| | - David M. Richardson
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany & Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Matieland 7602, South Africa
| | - Johannes J. Le Roux
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany & Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Matieland 7602, South Africa
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Aerts R, Ewald M, Nicolas M, Piat J, Skowronek S, Lenoir J, Hattab T, Garzón-López CX, Feilhauer H, Schmidtlein S, Rocchini D, Decocq G, Somers B, Van De Kerchove R, Denef K, Honnay O. Invasion by the Alien Tree Prunus serotina Alters Ecosystem Functions in a Temperate Deciduous Forest. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:179. [PMID: 28261238 PMCID: PMC5307375 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Alien invasive species can affect large areas, often with wide-ranging impacts on ecosystem structure, function, and services. Prunus serotina is a widespread invader of European temperate forests, where it tends to form homogeneous stands and limits recruitment of indigenous trees. We hypotesized that invasion by P. serotina would be reflected in the nutrient contents of the native species' leaves and in the respiration of invaded plots as efficient resource uptake and changes in nutrient cycling by P. serotina probably underly its aggressive invasiveness. We combined data from 48 field plots in the forest of Compiègne, France, and data from an experiment using 96 microcosms derived from those field plots. We used general linear models to separate effects of invasion by P. serotina on heterotrophic soil and litter respiration rates and on canopy foliar nutrient content from effects of soil chemical properties, litter quantity, litter species composition, and tree species composition. In invaded stands, average respiration rates were 5.6% higher for soil (without litter) and 32% higher for soil and litter combined. Compared to indigenous tree species, P. serotina exhibited higher foliar N (+24.0%), foliar P (+50.7%), and lower foliar C:N (-22.4%) and N:P (-10.1%) ratios. P. serotina affected foliar nutrient contents of co-occuring indigenous tree species leading to decreased foliar N (-8.7 %) and increased C:N ratio (+9.5%) in Fagus sylvatica, decreased foliar N:P ratio in Carpinus betulus (-13.5%) and F. sylvatica (-11.8%), and increased foliar P in Pinus sylvestris (+12.3%) in invaded vs. uninvaded stands. Our results suggest that P. serotina is changing nitrogen, phosphorus, and carbon cycles to its own advantage, hereby increasing carbon turnover via labile litter, affecting the relative nutrient contents in the overstory leaves, and potentially altering the photosynthetic capacity of the long-lived indigenous broadleaved species. Uncontrolled invasion of European temperate forests by P. serotina may affect the climate change mitigation potential of these forests in the long term, through additive effects on local nutrient cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raf Aerts
- Ecology, Evolution and Biodiversity Conservation Section, KU LeuvenLeuven, Belgium
- Division Forest, Nature and Landscape, KU LeuvenLeuven, Belgium
- *Correspondence: Raf Aerts
| | - Michael Ewald
- Institut für Geographie und Geoökologie, Karlsruher Institut für TechnologieKarlsruhe, Germany
| | - Manuel Nicolas
- Office National des Forêts, Fontainebleau and CompiègneFrance
| | - Jérôme Piat
- Office National des Forêts, Fontainebleau and CompiègneFrance
| | | | - Jonathan Lenoir
- Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés (EDYSAN, FRE 3498 CNRS-UPJV), Université de Picardie Jules VerneAmiens, France
| | - Tarek Hattab
- Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés (EDYSAN, FRE 3498 CNRS-UPJV), Université de Picardie Jules VerneAmiens, France
| | - Carol X. Garzón-López
- Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés (EDYSAN, FRE 3498 CNRS-UPJV), Université de Picardie Jules VerneAmiens, France
| | | | - Sebastian Schmidtlein
- Institut für Geographie und Geoökologie, Karlsruher Institut für TechnologieKarlsruhe, Germany
| | - Duccio Rocchini
- Department of Biodiversity and Molecular Ecology, Research and Innovation Centre (CRI) - Edmund Mach FoundationTrento, Italy
| | - Guillaume Decocq
- Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés (EDYSAN, FRE 3498 CNRS-UPJV), Université de Picardie Jules VerneAmiens, France
| | - Ben Somers
- Division Forest, Nature and Landscape, KU LeuvenLeuven, Belgium
| | | | - Karolien Denef
- Central Instrument Facility, Department of Chemistry, Colorado State UniversityFort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Olivier Honnay
- Ecology, Evolution and Biodiversity Conservation Section, KU LeuvenLeuven, Belgium
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8
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Besnard G, Cuneo P. An ecological and evolutionary perspective on the parallel invasion of two cross-compatible trees. AOB PLANTS 2016; 8:plw056. [PMID: 27519914 PMCID: PMC5018386 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plw056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Invasive trees are generally seen as ecosystem-transforming plants that can have significant impacts on native vegetation, and often require management and control. Understanding their history and biology is essential to guide actions of land managers. Here, we present a summary of recent research into the ecology, phylogeography and management of invasive olives, which are now established outside of their native range as high ecological impact invasive trees. The parallel invasion of European and African olive in different climatic zones of Australia provides an interesting case study of invasion, characterized by early genetic admixture between domesticated and wild taxa. Today, the impact of the invasive olives on native vegetation and ecosystem function is of conservation concern, with European olive a declared weed in areas of South Australia, and African olive a declared weed in New South Wales and Pacific islands. Population genetics was used to trace the origins and invasion of both subspecies in Australia, indicating that both olive subspecies have hybridized early after introduction. Research also indicates that African olive populations can establish from a low number of founder individuals even after successive bottlenecks. Modelling based on distributional data from the native and invasive range identified a shift of the realized ecological niche in the Australian invasive range for both olive subspecies, which was particularly marked for African olive. As highly successful and long-lived invaders, olives offer further opportunities to understand the genetic basis of invasion, and we propose that future research examines the history of introduction and admixture, the genetic basis of adaptability and the role of biotic interactions during invasion. Advances on these questions will ultimately improve predictions on the future olive expansion and provide a solid basis for better management of invasive populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Besnard
- CNRS, UPS, ENFA, Laboratoire Evolution & Diversité Biologique, UMR 5174, 31062 Toulouse 4, France
| | - Peter Cuneo
- The Australian PlantBank, Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust, The Australian Botanic Garden, Mount Annan, NSW 2567, Australia
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Roiloa SR, Retuerto R, Campoy JG, Novoa A, Barreiro R. Division of Labor Brings Greater Benefits to Clones of Carpobrotus edulis in the Non-native Range: Evidence for Rapid Adaptive Evolution. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:349. [PMID: 27066022 PMCID: PMC4812061 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Why some species become invasive while others do not is a central research request in biological invasions. Clonality has been suggested as an attribute that could contribute to plant invasiveness. Division of labor is an important advantage of clonal growth, and it seems reasonable to anticipate that clonal plants may intensify this clonal attribute in an invaded range because of positive selection on beneficial traits. To test this hypothesis, we collected clones of Carpobrotus edulis from native and invasive populations, grew pairs of connected and severed ramets in a common garden and under negative spatial covariance of nutrients and light to induce division of labor, and measured biomass allocation ratios, final biomass, and photochemical efficiency. Our results showed that both clones from the native and invaded range develop a division of labor at morphological and physiological level. However, the benefit from the division of labor was significantly higher in apical ramets from the invaded range than in ramets from the native area. This is a novel and outstanding result because it provides the first evidence that the benefit of a key clonal trait such as division of labor may have been subjected to evolutionary adaptation in the invaded range. The division of labor can therefore be considered an important trait in the invasiveness of C. edulis. An appropriate assessment of the influence of clonal traits in plant invasions seems key for understanding the underlying mechanisms behind biological invasions of new environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio R. Roiloa
- BioCost Group, Department of Animal Biology, Plant Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of A CoruñaSpain
| | - Rubén Retuerto
- Unit of Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Santiago de CompostelaSantiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Josefina G. Campoy
- Unit of Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Santiago de CompostelaSantiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ana Novoa
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch UniversityMatieland, South Africa
- Invasive Species Programme, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Kirstenbosch Research CentreClaremont, South Africa
| | - Rodolfo Barreiro
- BioCost Group, Department of Animal Biology, Plant Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of A CoruñaSpain
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