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Yuan G, Levi EE, Davidson TA, Lauridsen TL, Søndergaard M, Yang Z, Wu A, Cao T, Li Y, Fu H, Jeppesen E. Warming alters the network of physiological traits and their contribution to plant abundance. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 939:173573. [PMID: 38823703 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
The impact of global warming on plant abundance has been widely discussed, but it remains unclear how warming affects plant physiological traits, and how these traits contribute to the abundance of aquatic plants. We explored the adjustments in physiological traits of two common aquatic plant species (Potamogeton crispus L. and Elodea canadensis Michx.) and their links to plant abundance in three temperature treatments by determining twelve physiological traits and plant abundance over an 11-month period in outdoor mesocosms. This mesocosms facility has been running uninteruptedly for 16 years, rendering the plants a unique opportunity to adapt to the warming differences. We found that 1) warming reduced the starch storage in winter for P. crispus and in summer for E. canadensis while increased the nitrogenous substances (e.g., TN, FAA, and proline) in winter for P. crispus. 2) For E. canadensis, TC, starch, SC, and sucrose contents were higher in summer than in winter regardless of warming, while TC, SC, and sucrose contents were lower in summer for P. crispus. 3) Warming decreased the association strength between physiological traits and plant abundance for P. crispus but enhanced it for E. canadensis. 4) E. canadensis showed increased interaction strength among physiological traits under warming, indicating increased metabolic exertion in the response to warming, which contributed to the reduction in abundance. Trait interaction strength of P. crispus was reduced under warming, but with less impact on plant abundance compared with E. canadensis. Our study emphasizes that warming alters the network of plant physiological traits and their contribution to abundance and that different strengths of susceptibility to warming of the various plant species may alter the composition of plant communities in freshwater ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guixiang Yuan
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Rural Ecosystem Health in Dongting Lake Area, Ecology Department, College of Environment and Ecology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; Department of Ecoscience and Centre for Water Technology (WATEC), Aarhus University, C.F. Møllers Allé 3, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Eti E Levi
- Department of Ecoscience and Centre for Water Technology (WATEC), Aarhus University, C.F. Møllers Allé 3, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Thomas A Davidson
- Department of Ecoscience and Centre for Water Technology (WATEC), Aarhus University, C.F. Møllers Allé 3, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Torben L Lauridsen
- Department of Ecoscience and Centre for Water Technology (WATEC), Aarhus University, C.F. Møllers Allé 3, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark; Sino-Danish Centre for Education and Research, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Martin Søndergaard
- Department of Ecoscience and Centre for Water Technology (WATEC), Aarhus University, C.F. Møllers Allé 3, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark; Sino-Danish Centre for Education and Research, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhenzhi Yang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Rural Ecosystem Health in Dongting Lake Area, Ecology Department, College of Environment and Ecology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Aiping Wu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Rural Ecosystem Health in Dongting Lake Area, Ecology Department, College of Environment and Ecology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Te Cao
- Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Youzhi Li
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Rural Ecosystem Health in Dongting Lake Area, Ecology Department, College of Environment and Ecology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
| | - Hui Fu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Rural Ecosystem Health in Dongting Lake Area, Ecology Department, College of Environment and Ecology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; Department of Ecoscience and Centre for Water Technology (WATEC), Aarhus University, C.F. Møllers Allé 3, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Erik Jeppesen
- Department of Ecoscience and Centre for Water Technology (WATEC), Aarhus University, C.F. Møllers Allé 3, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark; Sino-Danish Centre for Education and Research, Beijing 100049, China; Limnology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences and Centre for Ecosystem Research and Implementation, Middle East Technical University, Ankara 60800, Turkey; Institute of Marine Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Erdemli, Mersin 33731, Turkey; Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
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de la Mata R, Mollá-Morales A, Méndez-Vigo B, Torres-Pérez R, Oliveros JC, Gómez R, Marcer A, Castilla AR, Nordborg M, Alonso-Blanco C, Picó FX. Variation and plasticity in life-history traits and fitness of wild Arabidopsis thaliana populations are not related to their genotypic and ecological diversity. BMC Ecol Evol 2024; 24:56. [PMID: 38702598 PMCID: PMC11067129 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-024-02246-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite its implications for population dynamics and evolution, the relationship between genetic and phenotypic variation in wild populations remains unclear. Here, we estimated variation and plasticity in life-history traits and fitness of the annual plant Arabidopsis thaliana in two common garden experiments that differed in environmental conditions. We used up to 306 maternal inbred lines from six Iberian populations characterized by low and high genotypic (based on whole-genome sequences) and ecological (vegetation type) diversity. RESULTS Low and high genotypic and ecological diversity was found in edge and core Iberian environments, respectively. Given that selection is expected to be stronger in edge environments and that ecological diversity may enhance both phenotypic variation and plasticity, we expected genotypic diversity to be positively associated with phenotypic variation and plasticity. However, maternal lines, irrespective of the genotypic and ecological diversity of their population of origin, exhibited a substantial amount of phenotypic variation and plasticity for all traits. Furthermore, all populations harbored maternal lines with canalization (robustness) or sensitivity in response to harsher environmental conditions in one of the two experiments. CONCLUSIONS Overall, we conclude that the environmental attributes of each population probably determine their genotypic diversity, but all populations maintain substantial phenotypic variation and plasticity for all traits, which represents an asset to endure in changing environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raul de la Mata
- Departamento de Biología Evolutiva, Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Sevilla, 41092, Spain
- Faculty of Forestry, Institute of Dehesa Research (INDEHESA), Universidad de Extremadura, 10600, Plasencia, Spain
| | | | - Belén Méndez-Vigo
- Departamento de Genética Molecular de Plantas, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Torres-Pérez
- Departamento de Genética Molecular de Plantas, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Oliveros
- Departamento de Genética Molecular de Plantas, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rocío Gómez
- Departamento de Biología Evolutiva, Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Sevilla, 41092, Spain
| | - Arnald Marcer
- CREAF, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), 08193, Catalonia, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), 08193, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Antonio R Castilla
- Department of Plant Biology, Ecology, and Evolution, College of Arts and Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078-3031, USA
| | - Magnus Nordborg
- Gregor Mendel Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1030, Vienna, Austria
| | - Carlos Alonso-Blanco
- Departamento de Genética Molecular de Plantas, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - F Xavier Picó
- Departamento de Biología Evolutiva, Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Sevilla, 41092, Spain.
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Orzechowska A, Szymańska R, Sarna M, Żądło A, Trtílek M, Kruk J. The interaction between titanium dioxide nanoparticles and light can have dualistic effects on the physiological responses of plants. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:13706-13721. [PMID: 38265580 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-31970-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
The model plant Arabidopsis thaliana was exposed to combined stress factors, i.e., titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiNPs) and high light. The concentrations of TiNPs used for irrigation were 250, 500, and 1000 μg/mL. This study shows that TiNPs alter the morphology and nanomechanical properties of chloroplasts in A. thaliana, which leads to a decrease in membrane elasticity. We found that TiNPs contributed to a delay in the thermal response of A. thaliana under dynamic light conditions, as revealed by non-invasive thermal imaging. The thermal time constants of TiNP-treated plants under excessive light are determined, showing a shortening in comparison to control plants. The results indicate that TiNPs may contribute to an alleviation of temperature stress experienced by plants under exposure to high light. In this research, we observed a decline in photosystem II photochemical efficiency accompanied by an increase in energy dissipation upon exposure to TiNPs. Interestingly, concentrations exceeding 250 µg/mL TiNPs appeared to mitigate the effects of high light, as shown by reduced differences in the values of specific OJIP parameters (FV/FM, ABS/RC, DI0/RC, and Pi_Abs) before and after light exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Orzechowska
- AGH University of Krakow, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Renata Szymańska
- AGH University of Krakow, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059, Kraków, Poland
| | - Michał Sarna
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
| | - Andrzej Żądło
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
- Department of Biophysics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Św. Łazarza 16, 31-530, Kraków, Poland
| | - Martin Trtílek
- Photon Systems Instruments, Průmyslova 470, 664 24, Drásov, Czech Republic
| | - Jerzy Kruk
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
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Schepers JR, Heblack J, Willi Y. Negative interaction effect of heat and drought stress at the warm end of species distribution. Oecologia 2024; 204:173-185. [PMID: 38253704 PMCID: PMC10830594 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-023-05497-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Geographic range limits of species are often a reflection of their ecological niche limits. In many organisms, important niche limits that coincide with distribution limits are warm and warm-dry conditions. We investigated the effects of heat and drought, as they can occur at the warm end of distribution. In a greenhouse experiment, we raised North American Arabidopsis lyrata from the centre of its distribution as well as from low- and high-latitude limits under average and extreme conditions. We assessed plant growth and development, as well as leaf and root functional traits, and tested for a decline in performance and selection acting on growth, leaf, and root traits. Drought and heat, when applied alone, lowered plant performance, while combined stress caused synergistically negative effects. Plants from high latitudes did not survive under combined stress, whereas plants originating from central and low latitudes had low to moderate survival, indicating divergent adaptation. Traits positively associated with survival under drought, with or without heat, were delayed and slowed growth, though plastic responses in these traits were generally antagonistic to the direction of selection. In line, higher tolerance of stress in southern populations did not involve aspects of growth but rather a higher root-to-shoot ratio and thinner leaves. In conclusion, combined heat and drought, as can occur at southern range edges and presumably more so under global change, seriously impede the long-term persistence of A. lyrata, even though they impose selection and populations may adapt, though under likely interference by considerable maladaptive plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith R Schepers
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, 4056, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Jessica Heblack
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Yvonne Willi
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
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Restrepo C, Delgado D, Debrot AO, Vries AJ, Houtepen E, Freitas JA. Phenological trajectories of Caribbean very dry tropical forests diverge under different geologic formations. Biotropica 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.13117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carla Restrepo
- Department of Biology University of Puerto Rico at Rio Piedras San Juan Puerto Rico
| | - Diana Delgado
- Department of Biology University of Puerto Rico at Rio Piedras San Juan Puerto Rico
| | - Adolphe O. Debrot
- Carmabi Foundation Willemstad Curaçao
- Wageningen Marine Research Wageningen University and Research Centre Den Helder The Netherlands
- Marine Animal Ecology, Wageningen University and Research Centre Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - Albert J. Vries
- Department of Earth Sciences Utrecht University Utrecht The Netherlands
- Department PAV Ministry of Agriculture, Nature and Food Qualify The Hague The Netherlands
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Breitenbach AT, Bowden RM, Paitz RT. Effects of Constant and Fluctuating Temperatures on Gene Expression During Gonadal Development. Integr Comp Biol 2022; 62:21-29. [PMID: 35325145 DOI: 10.1093/icb/icac011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There is ample research demonstrating that temperature can have complex effects on biological processes, including the timing of when organisms respond to temperature; some responses occur rapidly while others require an extended exposure time. However, most of what we know about temperature effects comes from studies using constant temperature conditions, which are not reflective of natural, fluctuating temperatures. Species with temperature-dependent sex determination (TSD) present an ideal system to study the temporal aspects of the temperature response because prior research has established a number of temperature-responsive genes involved in TSD, albeit under constant temperatures. To investigate potential differences in timing of sexual development between constant and fluctuating incubation temperatures, we exposed Trachemys scripta embryos to two conditions that produce males (constant 26 °C and 26 ± 3 °C) and two that produce females (constant 31 °C and 31 ± 3 °C) and sampled embryonic gonads for gene expression analysis via qPCR. We analyzed three genes involved in testis differentiation (Kdm6b, Dmrt1, and Sox9) and two genes involved in ovary differentiation (Foxl2 and Cyp19A1). Results show that Kdm6b expression was significantly lower under fluctuating temperatures compared to constant temperatures. Foxl2 and Cyp19A1 expression were also lower under fluctuating temperatures, but not at all stages of development. These results suggest that constant temperatures caused increases in both Foxl2 and Cyp19A1 expression earlier (developmental stage 20) than fluctuating temperatures (stages 22-23). Dmrt1 and Sox9 expression did not differ between constant and fluctuating temperatures. These results highlight that not all genes in a temperature-dependent process respond to temperature in the same manner. Whether there are functional consequences of this variation remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rachel M Bowden
- School of Biological Sciences, Illinois State University, Normal, IL 61790, USA
| | - Ryan T Paitz
- School of Biological Sciences, Illinois State University, Normal, IL 61790, USA
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Wade MJ. Maternal-Offspring Interactions: Reciprocally Coevolving Social Environments. J Hered 2021; 113:54-60. [PMID: 34850902 PMCID: PMC8851670 DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esab044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal-zygotic co-evolution is one of the most common examples of indirect genetic effects. I investigate how maternal-zygotic gene interactions affect rates of evolution and adaptation. Using comparably parameterized population genetic models, I compare evolution to an abiotic environment with genotype-by-environment interaction (G × E) to evolution to a maternal environment with offspring genotype-by-maternal environment interaction (G × Gmaternal). There are strong parallels between the 2 models in the components of fitness variance but they differ in their rates of evolution measured in terms of ∆p, gene frequency change, or of ∆W, change in mean fitness. The Price Equation is used to partition ∆W into 2 components, one owing to the genetic variance in fitness by natural selection and a second owing to change in environment. Adaptive evolution is faster in the 2-locus model with G × Gmaternal with free recombination, than it is in the 1-locus model with G × E, because in the former the maternal genetic environment coevolves with the zygotic phenotype adapting to it. I discuss the relevance of these findings for the evolution of genes with indirect genetic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Wade
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
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Wolkovich EM, Donahue MJ. How phenological tracking shapes species and communities in non-stationary environments. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2021; 96:2810-2827. [PMID: 34288337 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Climate change alters the environments of all species. Predicting species responses requires understanding how species track environmental change, and how such tracking shapes communities. Growing empirical evidence suggests that how species track phenologically - how an organism shifts the timing of major biological events in response to the environment - is linked to species performance and community structure. Such research tantalizingly suggests a potential framework to predict the winners and losers of climate change, and the future communities we can expect. But developing this framework requires far greater efforts to ground empirical studies of phenological tracking in relevant ecological theory. Here we review the concept of phenological tracking in empirical studies and through the lens of coexistence theory to show why a community-level perspective is critical to accurate predictions with climate change. While much current theory for tracking ignores the importance of a multi-species context, basic community assembly theory predicts that competition will drive variation in tracking and trade-offs with other traits. We highlight how existing community assembly theory can help understand tracking in stationary and non-stationary systems. But major advances in predicting the species- and community-level consequences of climate change will require advances in theoretical and empirical studies. We outline a path forward built on greater efforts to integrate priority effects into modern coexistence theory, improved empirical estimates of multivariate environmental change, and clearly defined estimates of phenological tracking and its underlying environmental cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M Wolkovich
- Forest & Conservation Sciences, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Megan J Donahue
- Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Kān'eohe, HI, 96744, U.S.A
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