1
|
Luo S, Schmid B, Hector A, Scherer-Lorenzen M, Verheyen K, Barsoum N, Bauhus J, Beyer F, Bruelheide H, Ferlian O, Godbold D, Hall JS, Hajek P, Huang Y, Hölscher D, Kreft H, Liu X, Messier C, Nock C, Paquette A, Parker JD, Parker WC, Paterno GB, Reich PB, Rewald B, Sandén H, Sinacore K, Stefanski A, Williams L, Eisenhauer N. Mycorrhizal associations modify tree diversity-productivity relationships across experimental tree plantations. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 243:1205-1219. [PMID: 38855965 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Decades of studies have demonstrated links between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning, yet the generality of the relationships and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear, especially for forest ecosystems. Using 11 tree-diversity experiments, we tested tree species richness-community productivity relationships and the role of arbuscular (AM) or ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungal-associated tree species in these relationships. Tree species richness had a positive effect on community productivity across experiments, modified by the diversity of tree mycorrhizal associations. In communities with both AM and ECM trees, species richness showed positive effects on community productivity, which could have resulted from complementarity between AM and ECM trees. Moreover, both AM and ECM trees were more productive in mixed communities with both AM and ECM trees than in communities assembled by their own mycorrhizal type of trees. In communities containing only ECM trees, species richness had a significant positive effect on productivity, whereas species richness did not show any significant effects on productivity in communities containing only AM trees. Our study provides novel explanations for variations in diversity-productivity relationships by suggesting that tree-mycorrhiza interactions can shape productivity in mixed-species forest ecosystems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shan Luo
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
| | - Bernhard Schmid
- Department of Geography, Remote Sensing Laboratories, University of Zürich, Zürich, CH-8006, Switzerland
| | - Andy Hector
- Department of Biology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3RB, UK
| | | | - Kris Verheyen
- Department of Environment, Forest & Nature Lab, Ghent University, Melle-Gontorde, B-9090, Belgium
| | - Nadia Barsoum
- Forest Research, Alice Holt Lodge, Farnham, Surrey, GU10 4LH, UK
| | - Juergen Bauhus
- Chair of Silviculture, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, 79108, Germany
| | - Friderike Beyer
- Chair of Silviculture, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, 79108, Germany
| | - Helge Bruelheide
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
- Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, 06108, Germany
| | - Olga Ferlian
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
| | - Douglas Godbold
- Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, Forest Ecology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Vienna, 1190, Austria
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, 61300, Czech Republic
| | - Jefferson S Hall
- Agua Salud Project, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, 401 Ancón, Panamá, Panama
| | - Peter Hajek
- Geobotany, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, 79104, Germany
| | - Yuanyuan Huang
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
| | - Dirk Hölscher
- Tropical Silviculture and Forest Ecology, University of Goettingen, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
| | - Holger Kreft
- Biodiversity, Macroecology and Biogeography, Faculty of Forest Sciences and Forest Ecology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
- Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use (CBL), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
| | - Xiaojuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Christian Messier
- Centre for Forest Research, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, H2X 3Y7, Canada
- Institut des Sciences de la Forêt Tempérée, Université du Québec en Outaouais, Ripon, QC, J0V 1V0, Canada
| | - Charles Nock
- Department of Renewables Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Alain Paquette
- Centre for Forest Research, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, H2X 3Y7, Canada
| | - John D Parker
- Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Edgewater, MD, 21037, USA
| | - William C Parker
- Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry, Sault Ste. Marie, ON, P6A 2E5, Canada
| | - Gustavo B Paterno
- Biodiversity, Macroecology and Biogeography, Faculty of Forest Sciences and Forest Ecology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
| | - Peter B Reich
- Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
- Institute for Global Change Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Boris Rewald
- Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, Forest Ecology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Vienna, 1190, Austria
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, 61300, Czech Republic
| | - Hans Sandén
- Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, Forest Ecology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Vienna, 1190, Austria
| | - Katherine Sinacore
- Agua Salud Project, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, 401 Ancón, Panamá, Panama
| | - Artur Stefanski
- Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Laura Williams
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Nico Eisenhauer
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mas E, Cochard H, Deluigi J, Didion-Gency M, Martin-StPaul N, Morcillo L, Valladares F, Vilagrosa A, Grossiord C. Interactions between beech and oak seedlings can modify the effects of hotter droughts and the onset of hydraulic failure. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 241:1021-1034. [PMID: 37897156 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Mixing species with contrasting resource use strategies could reduce forest vulnerability to extreme events. Yet, how species diversity affects seedling hydraulic responses to heat and drought, including mortality risk, is largely unknown. Using open-top chambers, we assessed how, over several years, species interactions (monocultures vs mixtures) modulate heat and drought impacts on the hydraulic traits of juvenile European beech and pubescent oak. Using modeling, we estimated species interaction effects on timing to drought-induced mortality and the underlying mechanisms driving these impacts. We show that mixtures mitigate adverse heat and drought impacts for oak (less negative leaf water potential, higher stomatal conductance, and delayed stomatal closure) but enhance them for beech (lower water potential and stomatal conductance, narrower leaf safety margins, faster tree mortality). Potential underlying mechanisms include oak's larger canopy and higher transpiration, allowing for quicker exhaustion of soil water in mixtures. Our findings highlight that diversity has the potential to alter the effects of extreme events, which would ensure that some species persist even if others remain sensitive. Among the many processes driving diversity effects, differences in canopy size and transpiration associated with the stomatal regulation strategy seem the primary mechanisms driving mortality vulnerability in mixed seedling plantations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eugénie Mas
- Plant Ecology Research Laboratory (PERL), School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, EPFL, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Community Ecology Unit, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape WSL, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Hervé Cochard
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, PIAF, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Janisse Deluigi
- Plant Ecology Research Laboratory (PERL), School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, EPFL, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Community Ecology Unit, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape WSL, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Margaux Didion-Gency
- Plant Ecology Research Laboratory (PERL), School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, EPFL, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Community Ecology Unit, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape WSL, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Martin-StPaul
- Unité Ecologie des Forêts Méditerranéennes (UR629), INRAE, DomaineSaint Paul, Site Agroparc, 84914, Avignon Cedex 9, France
| | - Luna Morcillo
- CEAM Foundation, Joint Research Unit University of Alicante-CEAM, Department of Ecology, University of Alicante, PO Box 99, C. San Vicente del Raspeig, s/n, 03080, Alicante, Spain
| | - Fernando Valladares
- Depto de Biogeografía y Cambio Global, LINCGlobal, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN-CSIC), 28006, Madrid, Spain
- Área de Biodiversidad y Conservación, Univ. Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, 28933, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Vilagrosa
- CEAM Foundation, Joint Research Unit University of Alicante-CEAM, Department of Ecology, University of Alicante, PO Box 99, C. San Vicente del Raspeig, s/n, 03080, Alicante, Spain
| | - Charlotte Grossiord
- Plant Ecology Research Laboratory (PERL), School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, EPFL, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Community Ecology Unit, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape WSL, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chen X, Taylor AR, Reich PB, Hisano M, Chen HYH, Chang SX. Tree diversity increases decadal forest soil carbon and nitrogen accrual. Nature 2023:10.1038/s41586-023-05941-9. [PMID: 37100916 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-05941-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Increasing soil carbon and nitrogen storage can help mitigate climate change and sustain soil fertility1,2. A large number of biodiversity-manipulation experiments collectively suggest that high plant diversity increases soil carbon and nitrogen stocks3,4. It remains debated, however, whether such conclusions hold in natural ecosystems5-12. Here we analyse Canada's National Forest Inventory (NFI) database with the help of structural equation modelling (SEM) to explore the relationship between tree diversity and soil carbon and nitrogen accumulation in natural forests. We find that greater tree diversity is associated with higher soil carbon and nitrogen accumulation, validating inferences from biodiversity-manipulation experiments. Specifically, on a decadal scale, increasing species evenness from its minimum to maximum value increases soil carbon and nitrogen in the organic horizon by 30% and 42%, whereas increasing functional diversity enhances soil carbon and nitrogen in the mineral horizon by 32% and 50%, respectively. Our results highlight that conserving and promoting functionally diverse forests could promote soil carbon and nitrogen storage, enhancing both carbon sink capacity and soil nitrogen fertility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinli Chen
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Institute for Global Change Biology, School for Environment and Sustainability, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Anthony R Taylor
- Faculty of Forestry and Environmental Management, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Peter B Reich
- Institute for Global Change Biology, School for Environment and Sustainability, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Masumi Hisano
- Department of Ecosystem Studies, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Han Y H Chen
- Faculty of Natural Resources Management, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Scott X Chang
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yan P, He N, Yu K, Xu L, Van Meerbeek K. Integrating multiple plant functional traits to predict ecosystem productivity. Commun Biol 2023; 6:239. [PMID: 36869238 PMCID: PMC9984401 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04626-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Quantifying and predicting variation in gross primary productivity (GPP) is important for accurate assessment of the ecosystem carbon budget under global change. Scaling traits to community scales for predicting ecosystem functions (i.e., GPP) remain challenging, while it is promising and well appreciated with the rapid development of trait-based ecology. In this study, we aim to integrate multiple plant traits with the recently developed trait-based productivity (TBP) theory, verify it via Bayesian structural equation modeling (SEM) and complementary independent effect analysis. We further distinguish the relative importance of different traits in explaining the variation in GPP. We apply the TBP theory based on plant community traits to a multi-trait dataset containing more than 13,000 measurements of approximately 2,500 species in Chinese forest and grassland systems. Remarkably, our SEM accurately predicts variation in annual and monthly GPP across China (R2 values of 0.87 and 0.73, respectively). Plant community traits play a key role. This study shows that integrating multiple plant functional traits into the TBP theory strengthens the quantification of ecosystem primary productivity variability and further advances understanding of the trait-productivity relationship. Our findings facilitate integration of the growing plant trait data into future ecological models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pu Yan
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Division Forest, Nature and Landscape, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nianpeng He
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
- Center for Ecological Research, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China.
| | - Kailiang Yu
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
- High Meadows Environmental Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Li Xu
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Earth Critical Zone and Flux Research Station of Xing'an Mountains, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Daxing'anling, 165200, China
| | - Koenraad Van Meerbeek
- Division Forest, Nature and Landscape, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- KU Leuven Plant Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Dietrich P, Ferlian O, Huang Y, Luo S, Quosh J, Eisenhauer N. Tree diversity effects on productivity depend on mycorrhizae and life strategies in a temperate forest experiment. Ecology 2023; 104:e3896. [PMID: 36215064 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Tree species are known to predominantly interact either with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) or ectomycorrhizal (EM) fungi. However, there is a knowledge gap regarding whether these mycorrhizae differently influence biodiversity-ecosystem functioning (BEF) relationships and whether a combination of both can increase community productivity. In 2015, we established a tree-diversity experiment by growing tree communities with varying species richness levels (one, two, or four species) and either with AM or EM tree species or a combination of both. We investigated basal area and annual basal area increment from 2015 to 2020 as proxies for community productivity. We found significant positive relationships between tree species richness and community productivity, which strengthened over time. Further, AM and EM tree species differently influenced productivity; however, there was no overyielding when AM and EM trees grew together. EM tree communities were characterized by low productivity in the beginning but an increase of increment over time and showed overall strong biodiversity effects. For AM tree communities the opposite was true. Although young trees did not benefit from the presence of the other mycorrhizal type, dissimilar mechanisms underlying BEF relationships in AM and EM trees indicate that maximizing tree and mycorrhizal diversity may increase ecosystem functioning in the long run.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Dietrich
- German Centre of Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Institute of Biology, Experimental Interaction Ecology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Olga Ferlian
- German Centre of Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Institute of Biology, Experimental Interaction Ecology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Yuanyuan Huang
- German Centre of Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Institute of Biology, Experimental Interaction Ecology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Shan Luo
- German Centre of Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Institute of Biology, Experimental Interaction Ecology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Julius Quosh
- German Centre of Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Institute of Biology, Experimental Interaction Ecology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nico Eisenhauer
- German Centre of Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Institute of Biology, Experimental Interaction Ecology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhang M, Li G, Wang Y, Pan D, Sun J, Wang L. Land use intensification alters the relative contributions of plant functional diversity and soil properties on grassland productivity. Oecologia 2023; 201:119-127. [PMID: 36396838 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-022-05288-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms of grassland productivity variation is critical for global carbon cycling and climate change mitigation. Heretofore, it is unknown how different environmental factors drive small-scale spatial variation in productivity, and whether land use intensification, one of the most important global changes, can regulate the processes that drive productivity change. Here we performed an 18-year exclosure experiment across six sites with high-intensity mowing/grazing history in northern China to examine the effects of land use intensification on plant functional diversity, soil properties, and their relative contributions to above-ground net primary productivity (ANPP). We found that plant functional diversity and soil properties contributed to the variation in ANPP both independently and equally in enclosed grasslands (plant diversity: 20.6%; soil properties: 19.5%). Intensive land use significantly decreased the Rao's quadratic entropy (RaoQ) and community-weighted mean value (CWM) of plant height, and further suppressed the contributions of plant functional diversity to ANPP. In contrast, intensive land use increased soil available N, P, pH, electrical conductivity, and homogeneity of soil available P, and strengthened their contributions to ANPP (31.5%). Our results indicate that high-intensity land use practices in grasslands decrease the role of plant functional diversity, but strengthen the effects of soil properties on productivity. We, therefore, suggest that plant functional diversity can be used effectively to boost productivity in undisturbed grasslands, while soil properties might be a more critical consideration for grassland management in an areas with increased land use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minna Zhang
- Institute of Grassland Science, Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Songnen Grassland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Guangyin Li
- Institute of Grassland Science, Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Songnen Grassland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Institute of Grassland Science, Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Songnen Grassland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Duofeng Pan
- Institute of Forage and Grassland Sciences, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Jinyan Sun
- Institute of Animal Husbandry, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Ling Wang
- Institute of Grassland Science, Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Songnen Grassland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Huang L, Zhao R, Zhao X, Tian Q, Yue P, Liu F. Effects of stand condition and root density on fine-root dynamics across root functional groups in a subtropical montane forest. JOURNAL OF FORESTRY RESEARCH 2022; 34:665-675. [PMID: 35909796 PMCID: PMC9307969 DOI: 10.1007/s11676-022-01514-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Fine roots play key roles in belowground C cycling in terrestrial ecosystems. Based on their distinct functions, fine roots are either absorptive fine roots (AFRs) or transport fine roots (TFRs). However, the function-based fine root dynamics of trees and their responses to forest stand properties remain unclear. Here, we studied the dynamics of AFRs and TFRs and their responses to stand conditions and root density in a subtropical montane mixed forest based on a 2-a root window experiment. Mean (± SE) annual production, mortality, and turnover rate of AFRs were 7.87 ± 0.17 m m-2 a-1, 8.13 ± 0.20 m m-2 a-1and 2.96 ± 0.24 a-1, respectively, compared with 7.09 ± 0.17 m m-2 a-1, 4.59 ± 0.17 m m-2 a-1, and 2.01 ± 0.22 a-1, respectively, for TFRs. The production and mortality of fine roots were significantly higher in high root-density sites than in low-root density sites, whereas the turnover of fine roots was faster in the low root-density sites. Furthermore, root density had a larger positive effect than other environmental factors on TFR production but had no obvious impact on AFR production. Tree species diversity had an apparent positive effect on AFR production and was the crucial driver of AFR production, probably due to a complementary effect, but had no evident impact on TFR. Both tree density and tree species diversity were positively correlated with the mortality of AFRs and negatively related to the turnover of TFRs, suggesting that higher root density caused stronger competition for rooting space and that plants tend to reduce maintenance costs by decreasing TFR turnover. These findings illustrated the importance of root functional groups in understanding root dynamics and their responses to changes in environmental conditions. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11676-022-01514-0.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074 People’s Republic of China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 People’s Republic of China
| | - Rudong Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxiang Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074 People’s Republic of China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiuxiang Tian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074 People’s Republic of China
| | - Pengyun Yue
- CAS Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074 People’s Republic of China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 People’s Republic of China
| | - Feng Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074 People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Jing X, Muys B, Baeten L, Bruelheide H, De Wandeler H, Desie E, Hättenschwiler S, Jactel H, Jaroszewicz B, Jucker T, Kardol P, Pollastrini M, Ratcliffe S, Scherer-Lorenzen M, Selvi F, Vancampenhout K, van der Plas F, Verheyen K, Vesterdal L, Zuo J, Van Meerbeek K. Climatic conditions, not above- and belowground resource availability and uptake capacity, mediate tree diversity effects on productivity and stability. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 812:152560. [PMID: 34952080 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Tree species diversity promotes multiple ecosystem functions and services. However, little is known about how above- and belowground resource availability (light, nutrients, and water) and resource uptake capacity mediate tree species diversity effects on aboveground wood productivity and temporal stability of productivity in European forests and whether the effects differ between humid and arid regions. We used the data from six major European forest types along a latitudinal gradient to address those two questions. We found that neither leaf area index (a proxy for light uptake capacity), nor fine root biomass (a proxy for soil nutrient and water uptake capacity) was related to tree species richness. Leaf area index did, however, enhance productivity, but negatively affected stability. Productivity was further promoted by soil nutrient availability, while stability was enhanced by fine root biomass. We only found a positive effect of tree species richness on productivity in arid regions and a positive effect on stability in humid regions. This indicates a possible disconnection between productivity and stability regarding tree species richness effects. In other words, the mechanisms that drive the positive effects of tree species richness on productivity do not per se benefit stability simultaneously. Our findings therefore suggest that tree species richness effects are largely mediated by differences in climatic conditions rather than by differences in above- and belowground resource availability and uptake capacity at the regional scales.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Jing
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200E, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bart Muys
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200E, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Lander Baeten
- Forest & Nature Lab, Campus Gontrode, Department of Environment, Ghent University, Geraardsbergsesteenweg 267, BE-9090 Melle-Gontrode, Belgium.
| | - Helge Bruelheide
- Institute of Biology / Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Am Kirchtor 1, 06108 Halle (Saale), Germany; German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Hans De Wandeler
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200E, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ellen Desie
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200E, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Stephan Hättenschwiler
- CEFE, University of Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Univ. Paul-Valéry Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
| | - Hervé Jactel
- INRAE, University of Bordeaux, BIOGECO, F-33610 Cestas, France.
| | - Bogdan Jaroszewicz
- Białowieża Geobotanical Station, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Sportowa 19, 17-230 Białowieża, Poland.
| | - Tommaso Jucker
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
| | - Paul Kardol
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Skogsmarksgränd, 901 83 Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Martina Pollastrini
- University of Firenze, Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry, Firenze, Italy.
| | | | - Michael Scherer-Lorenzen
- Geobotany, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schaenzlestr. 1, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Federico Selvi
- University of Firenze, Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry, Firenze, Italy.
| | - Karen Vancampenhout
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200E, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Fons van der Plas
- Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation Group, Wageningen University, PO Box 47, 6700, AA Wageningen, the Netherlands; Systematic Botany and Functional Biodiversity, Life science, Leipzig University, Germany
| | - Kris Verheyen
- Forest & Nature Lab, Campus Gontrode, Department of Environment, Ghent University, Geraardsbergsesteenweg 267, BE-9090 Melle-Gontrode, Belgium.
| | - Lars Vesterdal
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 23, DK-1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
| | - Juan Zuo
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200E, 3001 Leuven, Belgium; Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Koenraad Van Meerbeek
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200E, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|