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Dane M, Anderson NJ, Osburn CL, Colbourne JK, Frisch D. Centennial clonal stability of asexual Daphnia in Greenland lakes despite climate variability. Ecol Evol 2020; 10:14178-14188. [PMID: 33391708 PMCID: PMC7771157 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Climate and environmental condition drive biodiversity at many levels of biological organization, from populations to ecosystems. Combined with paleoecological reconstructions, palaeogenetic information on resident populations provides novel insights into evolutionary trajectories and genetic diversity driven by environmental variability. While temporal observations of changing genetic structure are often made of sexual populations, little is known about how environmental change affects the long-term fate of asexual lineages. Here, we provide information on obligately asexual, triploid Daphnia populations from three Arctic lakes in West Greenland through the past 200-300 years to test the impact of environmental change on the temporal and spatial population genetic structure. The contrasting ecological state of the lakes, specifically regarding salinity and habitat structure may explain the observed lake-specific clonal composition over time. Palaeolimnological reconstructions show considerable regional environmental fluctuations since 1,700 (the end of the Little Ice Age), but the population genetic structure in two lakes was almost unchanged with at most two clones per time period. Their local populations were strongly dominated by a single clone that has persisted for 250-300 years. We discuss possible explanations for the apparent population genetic stability: (a) persistent clones are general-purpose genotypes that thrive under broad environmental conditions, (b) clonal lineages evolved subtle genotypic differences unresolved by microsatellite markers, or (c) epigenetic modifications allow for clonal adaptation to changing environmental conditions. Our results motivate research into the mechanisms of adaptation in these populations, as well as their evolutionary fate in the light of accelerating climate change in the polar regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maison Dane
- School of BiosciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
| | | | - Christopher L. Osburn
- Department of Marine, Earth, and Atmospheric SciencesNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNCUSA
| | | | - Dagmar Frisch
- School of BiosciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
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Buij R, Melman TCP, Loonen MJJE, Fox AD. Balancing ecosystem function, services and disservices resulting from expanding goose populations. AMBIO 2017; 46:301-318. [PMID: 28215006 PMCID: PMC5316333 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-017-0902-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
As goose populations increase in abundance, their influence on ecological processes is increasing. We review the evidence for key ecological functions of wild goose populations in Eurasia and North America, including aquatic invertebrate and plant propagule transport, nutrient deposition in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, the influence of goose populations on vegetation biomass, carbon storage and methane emission, species diversity and disease transmission. To estimate the implications of their growing abundance for humans, we explore how these functions contribute to the provision of ecosystem services and disservices. We assess the weight, extent and trends among such impacts, as well as the balance of their value to society. We examine key unresolved issues to enable a more balanced assessment of the economic costs or benefits of migratory geese along their flyways, including the spatial and temporal variation in services and their contrasting value to different user groups. Many ecological functions of geese are concluded to provide neither services nor disservices and, ecosystem disservices currently appear to outweigh services, although this varies between regions. We consider an improved quantification of ecosystem services and disservices, and how these vary along population flyways with respect to variation in valuing certain cultural services, and under different management scenarios aimed at reducing their disservices, essential for a more balanced management of goose populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralph Buij
- Team Animal Ecology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | | | | | - Anthony D. Fox
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Kalø, Grenåvej 14, 8410 Rønde, Denmark
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Haileselasie TH, Mergeay J, Weider LJ, Sommaruga R, Davidson TA, Meerhoff M, Arndt H, Jürgens K, Jeppesen E, De Meester L. Environment not dispersal limitation drives clonal composition of Arctic Daphnia in a recently deglaciated area. Mol Ecol 2016; 25:5830-5842. [PMID: 27662259 DOI: 10.1111/mec.13843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Revised: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
One of the most prominent manifestations of the ongoing climate warming is the retreat of glaciers and ice sheets around the world. Retreating glaciers result in the formation of new ponds and lakes, which are available for colonization. The gradual appearance of these new habitat patches allows us to determine to what extent the composition of asexual Daphnia (water flea) populations is affected by environmental drivers vs. dispersal limitation. Here, we used a landscape genetics approach to assess the processes structuring the clonal composition of species in the D. pulex species complex that have colonized periglacial habitats created by ice-sheet retreat in western Greenland. We analysed 61 populations from a young (<50 years) and an old cluster (>150 years) of lakes and ponds. We identified 42 asexual clones that varied widely in spatial distribution. Beta-diversity was higher among older than among younger systems. Lineage sorting by the environment explained 14% of the variation in clonal composition whereas the pure effect of geographical distance was very small and statistically insignificant (Radj2 = 0.010, P = 0.085). Dispersal limitation did not seem important, even among young habitat patches. The observation of several tens of clones colonizing the area combined with environmentally driven clonal composition of populations illustrates that population assembly of asexual species in the Arctic is structured by environmental gradients reflecting differences in the ecology of clones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsegazeabe H Haileselasie
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution and Conservation, KU Leuven, Ch. Deberiotstraat 32, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Biology, College of Natural and Computational Sciences (CNCS), Mekelle University, P.O.Box: 231, Mekelle, Ethiopia
| | - Joachim Mergeay
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution and Conservation, KU Leuven, Ch. Deberiotstraat 32, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium.,Research Institute for Nature and Forest, Gaverstraat 4, Geraardsbergen, 9500, Belgium
| | - Lawrence J Weider
- Department of Biology, Program in Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73071, USA
| | - Ruben Sommaruga
- Lake and Glacier Research Group, Institute of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstr. 25, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Thomas A Davidson
- Department of Bioscience, Arctic Research Centre, Aarhus University, Vejlsøvej 25, Silkeborg, 8600, Denmark
| | - Mariana Meerhoff
- Department of Bioscience, Arctic Research Centre, Aarhus University, Vejlsøvej 25, Silkeborg, 8600, Denmark.,Department of Ecology and Environmental Management, CURE-Faculty of Sciences, University of the Republic (Uruguay), Maldonado, 20000, Uruguay
| | - Hartmut Arndt
- Cologne Biocenter, Institute for Zoology, General Ecology, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Str. 47b, D-50674, Köln, Germany
| | - Klaus Jürgens
- Biological Oceanography Department, Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research, Seestrasse 15, D-18119, Rostock, Germany
| | - Erik Jeppesen
- Department of Bioscience, Arctic Research Centre, Aarhus University, Vejlsøvej 25, Silkeborg, 8600, Denmark.,Sino-Danish Centre for Education and Research (SDC), University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 3 Zhongguancun South 1st Alley, Haidian District, 100190, Beijing, China
| | - Luc De Meester
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution and Conservation, KU Leuven, Ch. Deberiotstraat 32, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
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