1
|
Marková S, Lanier HC, Escalante MA, da Cruz MOR, Horníková M, Konczal M, Weider LJ, Searle JB, Kotlík P. Local adaptation and future climate vulnerability in a wild rodent. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7840. [PMID: 38030627 PMCID: PMC10686993 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43383-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
As climate change continues, species pushed outside their physiological tolerance limits must adapt or face extinction. When change is rapid, adaptation will largely harness ancestral variation, making the availability and characteristics of that variation of critical importance. Here, we used whole-genome sequencing and genetic-environment association analyses to identify adaptive variation and its significance in the context of future climates in a small Palearctic mammal, the bank vole (Clethrionomys glareolus). We found that peripheral populations of bank vole in Britain are already at the extreme bounds of potential genetic adaptation and may require an influx of adaptive variation in order to respond. Analyses of adaptive loci suggest regional differences in climate variables select for variants that influence patterns of population adaptive resilience, including genes associated with antioxidant defense, and support a pattern of thermal/hypoxic cross-adaptation. Our findings indicate that understanding potential shifts in genomic composition in response to climate change may be key to predicting species' fate under future climates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Marková
- Laboratory of Molecular Ecology, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Rumburská 89, 277 21, Liběchov, Czech Republic
| | - Hayley C Lanier
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Oklahoma, 730 Van Vleet Oval, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
- Sam Noble Museum, University of Oklahoma, 2401 Chautauqua Ave, Norman, OK, 73072, USA
| | - Marco A Escalante
- Laboratory of Molecular Ecology, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Rumburská 89, 277 21, Liběchov, Czech Republic
| | - Marcos O R da Cruz
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Oklahoma, 730 Van Vleet Oval, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
- Sam Noble Museum, University of Oklahoma, 2401 Chautauqua Ave, Norman, OK, 73072, USA
| | - Michaela Horníková
- Laboratory of Molecular Ecology, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Rumburská 89, 277 21, Liběchov, Czech Republic
| | - Mateusz Konczal
- Faculty of Biology, Evolutionary Biology Group, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - Lawrence J Weider
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Oklahoma, 730 Van Vleet Oval, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
| | - Jeremy B Searle
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Corson Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Petr Kotlík
- Laboratory of Molecular Ecology, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Rumburská 89, 277 21, Liběchov, Czech Republic.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wersebe MJ, Sherman RE, Jeyasingh PD, Weider LJ. The roles of recombination and selection in shaping genomic divergence in an incipient ecological species complex. Mol Ecol 2023; 32:1478-1496. [PMID: 35119153 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Speciation genomic studies have revealed that genomes of diverging lineages are shaped jointly by the actions of gene flow and selection. These evolutionary forces acting in concert with processes such as recombination and genome features such as gene density shape a mosaic landscape of divergence. We investigated the roles of recombination and gene density in shaping the patterns of differentiation and divergence between the cyclically parthenogenetic ecological sister-taxa, Daphnia pulicaria and Daphnia pulex. First, we assembled a phased chromosome-scale genome assembly using trio-binning for D. pulicaria and constructed a genetic map using an F2-intercross panel to understand sex-specific recombination rate heterogeneity. Finally, we used a ddRADseq data set with broad geographic sampling of D. pulicaria, D. pulex, and their hybrids to understand the patterns of genome-scale divergence and demographic parameters. Our study provides the first sex-specific estimates of recombination rates for a cyclical parthenogen, and unlike other eukaryotic species, we observed male-biased heterochiasmy in D. pulicaria, which may be related to this somewhat unique breeding mode. Additionally, regions of high gene density and recombination are generally more divergent than regions of suppressed recombination. Outlier analysis indicated that divergent genomic regions are probably driven by selection on D. pulicaria, the derived lineage colonizing a novel lake habitat. Together, our study supports a scenario of selection acting on genes related to local adaptation shaping genome-wide patterns of differentiation despite high local recombination rates in this species complex. Finally, we discuss the limitations of our data in light of demographic uncertainty.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Wersebe
- Department of Biology, Program in Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Ryan E Sherman
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Punidan D Jeyasingh
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Lawrence J Weider
- Department of Biology, Program in Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sherman RE, Hartnett R, Kiehnau EL, Weider LJ, Jeyasingh PD. Quantitative genetics of phosphorus content in the freshwater herbivore, Daphnia pulicaria. J Anim Ecol 2020; 90:909-916. [PMID: 33368234 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) is essential for growth of all organisms, and P content is correlated with growth in most taxa. Although P content was initially considered to be a trait fixed at the species level, there is growing evidence for considerable intraspecific variation. Selection on such variation can thus alter the rates at which P fluxes through food webs. Nevertheless, prior work describing the sources and extent of intraspecific variation in P content were not genetically explicit, confounded by unknown genetic background and evolutionary history. We constructed an F2 recombinant population of the dominant freshwater grazer, Daphnia pulicaria to mitigate such issues. F2 recombinants exhibited considerable variation in growth rate, P content (0.49%-1.97%), P use efficiency (PUE; 51-208 mg biomass/mg P), and correlated traits such as hatching time of resting eggs, in common garden conditions. These results clearly demonstrate the scope of genetic recombination in generating variation in ecologically relevant traits. The absence of environmental selection is a likely component driving such variation not observed in natural settings. Although phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI) genotype was significantly associated with variation in hatching time of resting eggs, contrary to prior work with less rigorous designs, and allelic variation at the PGI locus did not explain variation in P content and PUE of Daphnia, indicating that such quantitative traits are under polygenic control. Together, these results suggest that although there is considerable genetic scope for variation in key ecologically relevant traits, such as P content and efficiency of P use, these traits are likely under strong stabilizing selection, most likely due to selection on growth rate and size. Importantly, our observations suggest that anthropogenic alterations to P supply due to eutrophication could alter selection on these traits, thereby rapidly altering the role Daphnia plays in the P cycle of lakes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan E Sherman
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Rachel Hartnett
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA.,Department of Biology, Program in Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
| | - Emily L Kiehnau
- Department of Biology, Program in Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
| | - Lawrence J Weider
- Department of Biology, Program in Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
| | - Punidan D Jeyasingh
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Marková S, Horníková M, Lanier HC, Henttonen H, Searle JB, Weider LJ, Kotlík P. High genomic diversity in the bank vole at the northern apex of a range expansion: The role of multiple colonizations and end-glacial refugia. Mol Ecol 2020; 29:1730-1744. [PMID: 32248595 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The history of repeated northern glacial cycling and southern climatic stability has long dominated explanations for how genetic diversity is distributed within temperate species in Eurasia and North America. However, growing evidence indicates the importance of cryptic refugia for northern colonization dynamics. An important geographic region to assess this is Fennoscandia, where recolonization at the end of the last glaciation was restricted to specific routes and temporal windows. We used genomic data to analyse genetic diversity and colonization history of the bank vole (Myodes glareolus) throughout Europe (>800 samples) with Fennoscandia as the northern apex. We inferred that bank voles colonized Fennoscandia multiple times by two different routes; with three separate colonizations via a southern land-bridge route deriving from a "Carpathian" glacial refugium and one via a north-eastern route from an "Eastern" glacial refugium near the Ural Mountains. Clustering of genome-wide SNPs revealed high diversity in Fennoscandia, with eight genomic clusters: three of Carpathian origin and five Eastern. Time estimates revealed that the first of the Carpathian colonizations occurred before the Younger Dryas (YD), meaning that the first colonists survived the YD in Fennoscandia. Results also indicated that introgression between bank and northern red-backed voles (Myodes rutilus) took place in Fennoscandia just after end-glacial colonization. Therefore, multiple colonizations from the same and different cryptic refugia, temporal and spatial separations and interspecific introgression have shaped bank vole genetic variability in Fennoscandia. Together, these processes drive high genetic diversity at the apex of the northern expansion in this emerging model species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Marková
- Laboratory of Molecular Ecology, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Liběchov, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Horníková
- Laboratory of Molecular Ecology, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Liběchov, Czech Republic.,Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Hayley C Lanier
- Department of Biology, Program in Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA.,Sam Noble Museum, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
| | | | - Jeremy B Searle
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Lawrence J Weider
- Department of Biology, Program in Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
| | - Petr Kotlík
- Laboratory of Molecular Ecology, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Liběchov, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yousey AM, Chowdhury PR, Biddinger N, Shaw JH, Jeyasingh PD, Weider LJ. Resurrected 'ancient' Daphnia genotypes show reduced thermal stress tolerance compared to modern descendants. R Soc Open Sci 2018; 5:172193. [PMID: 29657812 PMCID: PMC5882736 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.172193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Understanding how populations adapt to rising temperatures has been a challenge in ecology. Research often evaluates multiple populations to test whether local adaptation to temperature regimes is occurring. Space-for-time substitutions are common, as temporal constraints limit our ability to observe evolutionary responses. We employed a resurrection ecology approach to understand how thermal tolerance has changed in a Daphnia pulicaria population over time. Temperatures experienced by the oldest genotypes were considerably lower than the youngest. We hypothesized clones were adapted to the thermal regimes of their respective time periods. We performed two thermal shock experiments that varied in length of heat exposure. Overall trends revealed that younger genotypes exhibited higher thermal tolerance than older genotypes; heat shock protein (hsp70) expression increased with temperature and varied among genotypes, but not across time periods. Our results indicate temperature may have been a selective factor on this population, although the observed responses may be a function of multifarious selection. Prior work found striking changes in population genetic structure, and in other traits that were strongly correlated with anthropogenic changes. Resurrection ecology approaches should help our understanding of interactive effects of anthropogenic alterations to temperature and other stressors on the evolutionary fate of natural populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aime'e M. Yousey
- Department of Biology, University of Oklahoma, 730 Van Vleet Oval, Norman, OK 73019, USA
| | - Priyanka Roy Chowdhury
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oklahoma State University, 501 Life Sciences West, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Nicole Biddinger
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oklahoma State University, 501 Life Sciences West, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Jennifer H. Shaw
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oklahoma State University, 501 Life Sciences West, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Punidan D. Jeyasingh
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oklahoma State University, 501 Life Sciences West, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Lawrence J. Weider
- Department of Biology, University of Oklahoma, 730 Van Vleet Oval, Norman, OK 73019, USA
- Program in Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Oklahoma, 730 Van Vleet Oval, Norman, OK 73019, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Sherman RE, Chowdhury PR, Baker KD, Weider LJ, Jeyasingh PD. Genotype-specific relationships among phosphorus use, growth and abundance in Daphnia pulicaria. R Soc Open Sci 2017; 4:170770. [PMID: 29308224 PMCID: PMC5749992 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.170770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The framework ecological stoichiometry uses elemental composition of species to make predictions about growth and competitive ability in defined elemental supply conditions. Although intraspecific differences in stoichiometry have been observed, we have yet to understand the mechanisms generating and maintaining such variation. We used variation in phosphorus (P) content within a Daphnia species to test the extent to which %P can explain variation in growth and competition. Further, we measured 33P kinetics (acquisition, assimilation, incorporation and retention) to understand the extent to which such variables improved predictions. Genotypes showed significant variation in P content, 33P kinetics and growth rate. P content alone was a poor predictor of growth rate and competitive ability. While most genotypes exhibited the typical growth penalty under P limitation, a few varied little in growth between P diets. These observations indicate that some genotypes can maintain growth under P-limited conditions by altering P use, suggesting that decomposing P content of an individual into physiological components of P kinetics will improve stoichiometric models. More generally, attention to the interplay between nutrient content and nutrient-use is required to make inferences regarding the success of genotypes in defined conditions of nutrient supply.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan E. Sherman
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | | | - Kristina D. Baker
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Lawrence J. Weider
- Department of Biology, Program in Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
| | - Punidan D. Jeyasingh
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Weider LJ, Jeyasingh PD, Frisch D. Evolutionary aspects of resurrection ecology: Progress, scope, and applications-An overview. Evol Appl 2017; 11:3-10. [PMID: 29302267 PMCID: PMC5748524 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This perspective provides an overview to the Special Issue on Resurrection Ecology (RE). It summarizes the contributions to this Special Issue, and provides background information and future prospects for the use of RE in both basic and applied evolutionary studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence J Weider
- Department of Biology Program in Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Oklahoma Norman OK USA
| | - Punidan D Jeyasingh
- Department of Integrative Biology Oklahoma State University Stillwater OK USA
| | - Dagmar Frisch
- School of Biosciences University of Birmingham Birmingham UK
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Lack JB, Weider LJ, Jeyasingh PD. Whole genome amplification and sequencing of a
Daphnia
resting egg. Mol Ecol Resour 2017; 18:118-127. [DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.12720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 09/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Justin B. Lack
- CCR Collaborative Bioinformatics Resource National Cancer Institute NIH Bethesda MD USA
- Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc. Frederick MD USA
| | - Lawrence J. Weider
- Department of Biology Program in Ecology & Evolutionary Biology University of Oklahoma Norman OK USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Guignard MS, Leitch AR, Acquisti C, Eizaguirre C, Elser JJ, Hessen DO, Jeyasingh PD, Neiman M, Richardson AE, Soltis PS, Soltis DE, Stevens CJ, Trimmer M, Weider LJ, Woodward G, Leitch IJ. Impacts of Nitrogen and Phosphorus: From Genomes to Natural Ecosystems and Agriculture. Front Ecol Evol 2017. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2017.00070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
|
10
|
Weider LJ, Hobaek A, Colbourne JK, Crease TJ, Dufresne F, Hebert PDN. HOLARCTIC PHYLOGEOGRAPHY OF AN ASEXUAL SPECIES COMPLEX I. MITOCHONDRIAL DNA VARIATION IN ARCTIC DAPHNIA. Evolution 2017; 53:777-792. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1999.tb05372.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/1997] [Accepted: 02/04/1999] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Anders Hobaek
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research; Nordnesboder 5 N-5005 Bergen Norway
| | - John K. Colbourne
- Department of Zoology; University of Guelph; Guelph Ontario N1G 2W1 Canada
| | - Teresa J. Crease
- Department of Zoology; University of Guelph; Guelph Ontario N1G 2W1 Canada
| | - France Dufresne
- Département de Biologie; Université de Laval, Pavilion Vachon; Ste-Foy Québec G5L 3A1 Canada
| | - Paul D. N. Hebert
- Department of Zoology; University of Guelph; Guelph Ontario N1G 2W1 Canada
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Weider LJ. A TEST OF THE "GENERAL-PURPOSE" GENOTYPE HYPOTHESIS: DIFFERENTIAL TOLERANCE TO THERMAL AND SALINITY STRESS AMONG DAPHNIA CLONES. Evolution 2017; 47:965-969. [PMID: 28567908 DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1993.tb01251.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/1992] [Accepted: 10/13/1992] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence J Weider
- Abteilung Ökophysiologie, Max-Planck-Institut für Limnologie, Postfach 165, 24302, Plön, Federal Republic of Germany
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Weider LJ, Beaton MJ, Hebert PDN. CLONAL DIVERSITY IN HIGH-ARCTIC POPULATIONS OFDAPHNIA PULEX, A POLYPLOID APOMICTIC COMPLEX. Evolution 2017; 41:1335-1346. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1987.tb02471.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/1986] [Accepted: 06/16/1987] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence J. Weider
- Department of Biological Sciences; University of Windsor; Windsor ON N9B 3P4 Canada
| | - Margaret J. Beaton
- Department of Biological Sciences; University of Windsor; Windsor ON N9B 3P4 Canada
| | - Paul D. N. Hebert
- Department of Biological Sciences; University of Windsor; Windsor ON N9B 3P4 Canada
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Hebert PDN, Ward RD, Weider LJ. CLONAL-DIVERSITY PATTERNS AND BREEDING-SYSTEM VARIATION IN DAPHNIA PULEX, AN ASEXUAL-SEXUAL COMPLEX. Evolution 2017; 42:147-159. [PMID: 28563844 DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1988.tb04115.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/1986] [Accepted: 08/14/1987] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Some individuals of the cladoceran crustacean, Daphnia pulex, reproduce by cyclic parthenogenesis, while others are obligate parthenogens. Cyclic parthenogenesis is the primitive breeding system; the transition to obligate parthenogenesis has been linked to sex-limited meiosis-suppression. Detailed study of patterns of breeding-system distribution and clonal diversity is justified because D. pulex is the first species in which the loss of sex has been related to this mechanism. The present study investigated the genotypic characteristics of 10 D. pulex populations from each of 22 sites in the Great Lakes watershed. This analysis revealed that populations reproducing by cyclic parthenogenesis were uncommon and restricted to southern sites. Most populations reproduced by obligate parthenogenesis, with the electrophoretic survey revealing an average of three clones per pond and 145 unique clones over the watershed. A combinatorial analysis was used to examine the relationships between clone discovery in the asexual populations and both sample size and genetic-sampling intensity. This analysis showed that the few clones found in individual ponds were readily discriminated, while diversity on a regional scale was underestimated. These methods provide a quantitative basis for assessing the level of clonal diversity in asexual populations and in asexually transmitted segments of the genome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul D N Hebert
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, N9B 3P4, CANADA
| | - Robert D Ward
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, N9B 3P4, CANADA
| | - Lawrence J Weider
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, N9B 3P4, CANADA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Frisch D, Morton PK, Culver BW, Edlund MB, Jeyasingh PD, Weider LJ. Paleogenetic records of Daphnia pulicaria in two North American lakes reveal the impact of cultural eutrophication. Glob Chang Biol 2017; 23:708-718. [PMID: 27474788 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the evolutionary consequences of the green revolution, particularly in wild populations, is an important frontier in contemporary biology. Because human impacts have occurred at varying magnitudes or time periods depending on the study ecosystem, evolutionary histories may vary considerably among populations. Paleogenetics in conjunction with paleolimnology enable us to associate microevolutionary dynamics with detailed information on environmental change. We used this approach to reconstruct changes in the temporal population genetic structure of the keystone zooplankton grazer, Daphnia pulicaria, using dormant eggs extracted from sediments in two Minnesota lakes (South Center, Hill). The extent of agriculture and human population density in the catchment of these lakes has differed markedly since European settlement in the late 19th century and is reflected in their environmental histories reconstructed here. The reconstructed environments of these two lakes differed strongly in terms of environmental stability and their associated patterns of Daphnia population structure. We detected long periods of stability in population structure and environmental conditions in South Center Lake that were followed by a dramatic temporal shift in population genetic structure after the onset of European settlement and industrialized agriculture in its watershed. In particular, we noted a 24.3-fold increase in phosphorus (P) flux between pre-European and modern sediment P accumulation rates (AR) in this lake. In contrast, no such shifts were detected in Hill Lake, where the watershed was not as impacted by European settlement and rates of change were less directional with a much smaller increase in sediment P AR (2.3-fold). We identify direct and indirect effects of eutrophication proxies on genetic structure in these lake populations and demonstrate the power of using this approach in understanding the consequences of anthropogenic environmental change on natural populations throughout historic time periods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dagmar Frisch
- Program in Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Department of Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73071, USA
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Philip K Morton
- Program in Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Department of Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73071, USA
- Division of Science, Murray State College, Tishomingo, OK, 73460, USA
| | - Billy W Culver
- Program in Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Department of Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73071, USA
| | - Mark B Edlund
- St. Croix Watershed Research Station, Science Museum of Minnesota, Marine on St. Croix, MN, 55047, USA
| | - Punidan D Jeyasingh
- Oklahoma State University, Department of Integrative Biology, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | - Lawrence J Weider
- Program in Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Department of Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73071, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Haileselasie TH, Mergeay J, Weider LJ, Sommaruga R, Davidson TA, Meerhoff M, Arndt H, Jürgens K, Jeppesen E, De Meester L. Environment not dispersal limitation drives clonal composition of Arctic Daphnia in a recently deglaciated area. Mol Ecol 2016; 25:5830-5842. [PMID: 27662259 DOI: 10.1111/mec.13843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Revised: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
One of the most prominent manifestations of the ongoing climate warming is the retreat of glaciers and ice sheets around the world. Retreating glaciers result in the formation of new ponds and lakes, which are available for colonization. The gradual appearance of these new habitat patches allows us to determine to what extent the composition of asexual Daphnia (water flea) populations is affected by environmental drivers vs. dispersal limitation. Here, we used a landscape genetics approach to assess the processes structuring the clonal composition of species in the D. pulex species complex that have colonized periglacial habitats created by ice-sheet retreat in western Greenland. We analysed 61 populations from a young (<50 years) and an old cluster (>150 years) of lakes and ponds. We identified 42 asexual clones that varied widely in spatial distribution. Beta-diversity was higher among older than among younger systems. Lineage sorting by the environment explained 14% of the variation in clonal composition whereas the pure effect of geographical distance was very small and statistically insignificant (Radj2 = 0.010, P = 0.085). Dispersal limitation did not seem important, even among young habitat patches. The observation of several tens of clones colonizing the area combined with environmentally driven clonal composition of populations illustrates that population assembly of asexual species in the Arctic is structured by environmental gradients reflecting differences in the ecology of clones.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tsegazeabe H Haileselasie
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution and Conservation, KU Leuven, Ch. Deberiotstraat 32, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Biology, College of Natural and Computational Sciences (CNCS), Mekelle University, P.O.Box: 231, Mekelle, Ethiopia
| | - Joachim Mergeay
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution and Conservation, KU Leuven, Ch. Deberiotstraat 32, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium.,Research Institute for Nature and Forest, Gaverstraat 4, Geraardsbergen, 9500, Belgium
| | - Lawrence J Weider
- Department of Biology, Program in Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73071, USA
| | - Ruben Sommaruga
- Lake and Glacier Research Group, Institute of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstr. 25, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Thomas A Davidson
- Department of Bioscience, Arctic Research Centre, Aarhus University, Vejlsøvej 25, Silkeborg, 8600, Denmark
| | - Mariana Meerhoff
- Department of Bioscience, Arctic Research Centre, Aarhus University, Vejlsøvej 25, Silkeborg, 8600, Denmark.,Department of Ecology and Environmental Management, CURE-Faculty of Sciences, University of the Republic (Uruguay), Maldonado, 20000, Uruguay
| | - Hartmut Arndt
- Cologne Biocenter, Institute for Zoology, General Ecology, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Str. 47b, D-50674, Köln, Germany
| | - Klaus Jürgens
- Biological Oceanography Department, Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research, Seestrasse 15, D-18119, Rostock, Germany
| | - Erik Jeppesen
- Department of Bioscience, Arctic Research Centre, Aarhus University, Vejlsøvej 25, Silkeborg, 8600, Denmark.,Sino-Danish Centre for Education and Research (SDC), University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 3 Zhongguancun South 1st Alley, Haidian District, 100190, Beijing, China
| | - Luc De Meester
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution and Conservation, KU Leuven, Ch. Deberiotstraat 32, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Muñoz J, Chaturvedi A, De Meester L, Weider LJ. Characterization of genome-wide SNPs for the water flea Daphnia pulicaria generated by genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS). Sci Rep 2016; 6:28569. [PMID: 27346179 PMCID: PMC4921830 DOI: 10.1038/srep28569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The keystone aquatic herbivore Daphnia has been studied for more than 150 years in the context of evolution, ecology and ecotoxicology. Although it is rapidly becoming an emergent model for environmental and population genomics, there have been limited genome-wide level studies in natural populations. We report a unique resource of novel Single Nucleotide Polymorphic (SNP) markers for Daphnia pulicaria using the reduction in genomic complexity with the restriction enzymes approach, genotyping-by-sequencing. Using the genome of D. pulex as a reference, SNPs were scored for 53 clones from five natural populations that varied in lake trophic status. Our analyses resulted in 32,313 highly confident and bi-allelic SNP markers. 1,364 outlier SNPs were mapped on the annotated D. pulex genome, which identified 2,335 genes, including 565 within functional genes. Out of 885 EuKaryotic Orthologous Groups that we found from outlier SNPs, 294 were involved in three metabolic and four regulatory pathways. Bayesian-clustering analyses showed two distinct population clusters representing the possible combined effects of geography and lake trophic status. Our results provide an invaluable tool for future population genomics surveys in Daphnia targeting informative regions related to physiological processes that can be linked to the ecology of this emerging eco-responsive taxon.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joaquín Muñoz
- Doñana Biological Station (CSIC), Isla de La Cartuja, Av. Américo Vespucio S/N, 41092-Seville, Spain.,Department of Biology, Program in Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, The University of Oklahoma, 730 Van Vleet Oval, Norman, OK 73019, USA
| | - Anurag Chaturvedi
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution and Conservation, University of Leuven, Ch. Deberiotstraat 32, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Luc De Meester
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution and Conservation, University of Leuven, Ch. Deberiotstraat 32, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Lawrence J Weider
- Department of Biology, Program in Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, The University of Oklahoma, 730 Van Vleet Oval, Norman, OK 73019, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Haileselasie TH, Mergeay J, Weider LJ, Jeppesen E, De Meester L. Colonization history and clonal richness of asexual Daphnia in periglacial habitats of contrasting age in West Greenland. J Anim Ecol 2016; 85:1108-17. [PMID: 27279332 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.12513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Due to climate change, Arctic ice sheets are retreating. This leads to the formation of numerous new periglacial ponds and lakes, which are being colonized by planktonic organisms such as the water flea Daphnia. This system provides unique opportunities to test genotype colonization dynamics and the genetic assemblage of populations. Here, we studied clonal richness of the Daphnia pulex species complex in novel periglacial habitats created by glacial retreat in the Jakobshavn Isbrae area of western Greenland. Along a 10 km transect, we surveyed 73 periglacial habitats out of which 61 were colonized by Daphnia pulex. Hence, for our analysis, we used 21 ponds and 40 lakes in two clusters of habitats differing in age (estimated <50 years vs. >150 years). We tested the expectation that genetic diversity would be low in recently formed (i.e. young), small habitats, but would increase with increasing age and size. We identified a total of 42 genetically distinct clones belonging to two obligately asexual species of the D. pulex species complex: D. middendorffiana and the much more abundant D. pulicaria. While regional clonal richness was high, most clones were rare: 16 clones were restricted to a single habitat and the five most widespread clones accounted for 68% of all individuals sampled. On average, 3·2 clones (range: 1-12) coexisted in a given pond or lake. There was no relationship between clonal richness and habitat size when we controlled for habitat age. Whereas clonal richness was statistically higher in the cluster of older habitats when compared with the cluster of younger ponds and lakes, most young habitats were colonized by multiple genotypes. Our data suggest that newly formed (periglacial) ponds and lakes are colonized within decades by multiple genotypes via multiple colonization events, even in the smallest of our study systems (4 m(2) ).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Joachim Mergeay
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution and Conservation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Research Institute for Nature and Forest, Gaverstraat 4, 9500, Geraardsbergen, Belgium
| | - Lawrence J Weider
- Department of Biology, Program in Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73071, USA
| | - Erik Jeppesen
- Department of Bioscience and Arctic Research Centre, Aarhus University, Silkeborg, Denmark.,Sino-Danish Centre for Education and Research (SDC), UCAS, Beijing, China
| | - Luc De Meester
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution and Conservation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Alfsnes K, Hobæk A, Weider LJ, Hessen DO. Birds, nutrients, and climate change: mtDNA haplotype diversity of Arctic Daphnia on Svalbard revisited. Polar Biol 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-015-1868-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
19
|
Neiman M, Beaton MJ, Hessen DO, Jeyasingh PD, Weider LJ. Endopolyploidy as a potential driver of animal ecology and evolution. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2015; 92:234-247. [PMID: 26467853 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Revised: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Endopolyploidy - the existence of higher-ploidy cells within organisms that are otherwise of a lower ploidy level (generally diploid) - was discovered decades ago, but remains poorly studied relative to other genomic phenomena, especially in animals. Our synthetic review suggests that endopolyploidy is more common in animals than often recognized and probably influences a number of fitness-related and ecologically important traits. In particular, we argue that endopolyploidy is likely to play a central role in key traits such as gene expression, body and cell size, and growth rate, and in a variety of cell types, including those responsible for tissue regeneration, nutrient storage, and inducible anti-predator defences. We also summarize evidence for intraspecific genetic variation in endopolyploid levels and make the case that the existence of this variation suggests that endopolyploid levels are likely to be heritable and thus a potential target for natural selection. We then discuss why, in light of evident benefits of endopolyploidy, animals remain primarily diploid. We conclude by highlighting key areas for future research such as comprehensive evaluation of the heritability of endopolyploidy and the adaptive scope of endopolyploid-related traits, the extent to which endopolyploid induction incurs costs, and characterization of the relationships between environmental variability and endopolyploid levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maurine Neiman
- Department of Biology, University of Iowa, 143 Biology Building, Iowa City, IA 52242, U.S.A
| | - Margaret J Beaton
- Biology Department, Mount Allison University, Sackville, NB E4L 1G7, Canada
| | - Dag O Hessen
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Box 1066, Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Punidan D Jeyasingh
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oklahoma State University, 501 Life Sciences West, Stillwater, OK 74078, U.S.A
| | - Lawrence J Weider
- Department of Biology, Program in Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Oklahoma, 730 Van Vleet Oval, Room 304, Norman, OK 73019, U.S.A
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Roy Chowdhury P, Frisch D, Becker D, Lopez JA, Weider LJ, Colbourne JK, Jeyasingh PD. Differential transcriptomic responses of ancient and modern Daphnia genotypes to phosphorus supply. Mol Ecol 2015; 24:123-35. [PMID: 25410011 DOI: 10.1111/mec.13009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Revised: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Little is known about the role of transcriptomic changes in driving phenotypic evolution in natural populations, particularly in response to anthropogenic environmental change. Previous analyses of Daphnia genotypes separated by centuries of evolution in a lake using methods in resurrection ecology revealed striking genetic and phenotypic shifts that were highly correlated with anthropogenic environmental change, specifically phosphorus (P)-driven nutrient enrichment (i.e. eutrophication). Here, we compared the transcriptomes of two ancient (~700-year-old) and two modern (~10-year-old) genotypes in historic (low P) and contemporary (high P) environmental conditions using microarrays. We found considerable transcriptomic variation between 'ancient' and 'modern' genotypes in both treatments, with stressful (low P) conditions eliciting differential expression (DE) of a larger number of genes. Further, more genes were DE between 'ancient' and 'modern' genotypes than within these groups. Expression patterns of individual genes differed greatly among genotypes, suggesting that different transcriptomic responses can result in similar phenotypes. While this confounded patterns between 'ancient' and 'modern' genotypes at the gene level, patterns were discernible at the functional level: annotation of DE genes revealed particular enrichment of genes involved in metabolic pathways in response to P-treatments. Analyses of gene families suggested significant DE in pathways already known to be important in dealing with P-limitation in Daphnia as well as in other organisms. Such observations on genotypes of a single natural population, separated by hundreds of years of evolution in contrasting environmental conditions before and during anthropogenic environmental changes, highlight the important role of transcriptional mechanisms in the evolutionary responses of populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Roy Chowdhury
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oklahoma State University, 501 Life Sciences West, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Chowdhury PR, Lopez JA, Weider LJ, Colbourne JK, Jeyasingh PD. Functional genomics of intraspecific variation in carbon and phosphorus kinetics in Daphnia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 321:387-98. [PMID: 24838198 DOI: 10.1002/jez.1869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Revised: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Understanding how the genome interacts with the environment to produce a diversity of phenotypes is a central challenge in biology. However, we know little about how traits involved in nutrient processing interact with key ecological parameters, such as the supply of mineral nutrients, particularly in animals. The framework of ecological stoichiometry uses information on the content of key elements such as carbon (C) and phosphorus (P) in individuals to predict the success of species. Nevertheless, intraspecific variation in content and the underlying mechanisms that generate such variation has been poorly explored. We studied two genotypes (G1 and G2) of Daphnia pulex that exhibit striking genotype × environment (G × E) interaction in response to shifts in dietary stoichiometry (C:P). G1 had higher fitness under C:P ∼ 100 diet, while G2 performed better in C:P ∼ 800. Dual (14) C/(33) P radiotracer assays show that G1 was more efficient in C processing, while G2 was more efficient in P use. Microarrays revealed that after 3 days of incubation, the genotypes differentially expressed ∼ 25% (7,224) of the total genes on the array under C:P ∼ 100 diet, and ∼ 30% (8,880) of genes under C:P ∼ 800. These results indicate large differences in C and P use between two coexisting genotypes. Importantly, such physiological differences can arise via differential expression of the genome due to alterations in dietary stoichiometry. Basic frameworks such as ecological stoichiometry enable integration of physiological and transcriptomic data, and represent initial steps toward understanding the interplay between fundamental ecological parameters such as nutrient supply and important evolutionary processes such as G × E interactions.
Collapse
|
22
|
Frisch D, Morton PK, Chowdhury PR, Culver BW, Colbourne JK, Weider LJ, Jeyasingh PD. A millennial-scale chronicle of evolutionary responses to cultural eutrophication inDaphnia. Ecol Lett 2014; 17:360-8. [DOI: 10.1111/ele.12237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Revised: 08/16/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dagmar Frisch
- University of Oklahoma; Biological Station; Kingston OK 73439 USA
| | - Philip K. Morton
- University of Oklahoma; Biological Station; Kingston OK 73439 USA
| | | | - Billy W. Culver
- University of Oklahoma; Biological Station; Kingston OK 73439 USA
- University of Oklahoma; Department of Biology; Norman OK 73071 USA
| | - John K. Colbourne
- University of Birmingham; School of Biosciences; Birmingham B15 2TT UK
| | - Lawrence J. Weider
- University of Oklahoma; Biological Station; Kingston OK 73439 USA
- University of Oklahoma; Department of Biology; Norman OK 73071 USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Orsini L, Schwenk K, De Meester L, Colbourne JK, Pfrender ME, Weider LJ. The evolutionary time machine: using dormant propagules to forecast how populations can adapt to changing environments. Trends Ecol Evol 2013; 28:274-82. [PMID: 23395434 PMCID: PMC3640660 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2013.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2012] [Revised: 01/11/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Evolutionary changes are determined by a complex assortment of ecological, demographic, and adaptive histories. Predicting how evolution will shape the genetic structures of populations coping with current (and future) environmental challenges has principally relied on investigations through space, in lieu of time, because long-term phenotypic and molecular data are scarce. Yet, dormant propagules in sediments, soils, and permafrost are convenient natural archives of population histories from which to trace adaptive trajectories along extended time periods. DNA sequence data obtained from these natural archives, combined with pioneering methods for analyzing both ecological and population genomic time-series data, are likely to provide predictive models to forecast evolutionary responses of natural populations to environmental changes resulting from natural and anthropogenic stressors, including climate change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Orsini
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution and Conservation, University of Leuven, Ch Deberiotstraat 32, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Latta LC, Weider LJ, Colbourne JK, Pfrender ME. The evolution of salinity tolerance inDaphnia: a functional genomics approach. Ecol Lett 2012; 15:794-802. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2012.01799.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2012] [Revised: 02/07/2012] [Accepted: 04/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leigh C. Latta
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology; Harvard University; 16 Divinity Ave; Cambridge; MA; 02138-2019; USA
| | - Lawrence J. Weider
- Department of Zoology and Biological Station; University of Oklahoma; 730 Van Vleet Oval; Norman; OK; 73019-0230; USA
| | - John K. Colbourne
- Center for Genomics and Bioinformatics; Indiana University; 915 East Third Street; Bloomington; IN; 47405; USA
| | - Michael E. Pfrender
- Department of Biological Sciences; University of Notre Dame; 109B Galvin Life Sciences; Notre Dame; IN; 46556; USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Hargrave CW, Hambright KD, Weider LJ. Variation in resource consumption across a gradient of increasing intra- and interspecific richness. Ecology 2011; 92:1226-35. [DOI: 10.1890/09-1948.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
26
|
|
27
|
Jeyasingh PD, Weider LJ, Sterner RW. Genetically-based trade-offs in response to stoichiometric food quality influence competition in a keystone aquatic herbivore. Ecol Lett 2009; 12:1229-37. [PMID: 19719840 DOI: 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2009.01368.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
28
|
Weider LJ, Frisch D, Hebert PDN. Long-term changes in metapopulation genetic structure: a quarter-century retrospective study on low-Arctic rock pool Daphnia. Proc Biol Sci 2009; 277:139-46. [PMID: 19812078 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2009.1326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Population genetic surveys approximately 25 years apart examined the distribution and abundance of asexual clones of the freshwater zooplankter Daphnia pulex complex in rock pools near Churchill, Manitoba, Canada. In 1984-1985, melanic members of this species complex were present in 131 rock pools at this site, but were only detected in 90 of these pools in 2007-2008. Allozymic surveys conducted during these two time periods revealed that 59 per cent of these populations showed unchanged clonal composition. Total clonal replacement occurred in 8 per cent of the populations, while the others (33%) included a mixture of 'resident' clones and new 'colonists'. We discuss these changes in light of shifts in biotic and abiotic factors. We also discuss the use of rock pool habitats as 'sentinel' systems for examining long-term environmental changes in the ecological genetics of aquatic organisms in the Arctic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence J Weider
- Department of Zoology and Biological Station, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Weider LJ, Hobæk A, Hebert PDN, Crease TJ. Holarctic phylogeography of an asexual species complex – II. Allozymic variation and clonal structure in Arctic
Daphnia. Mol Ecol 2008. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-294x.1999.00522.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence J. Weider
- Max‐Planck‐Institute für Limnologie, Postfach 165, D‐24302 Plön, Germany,
| | - Anders Hobæk
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Nordnesboder 5, N‐5005 Bergen, Norway,
| | - Paul D. N. Hebert
- Department of Zoology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2 W1, Canada
| | - Teresa J. Crease
- Department of Zoology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2 W1, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Affiliation(s)
- Punidan D Jeyasingh
- Program in Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Biological Station and Department of Zoology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
|
32
|
|
33
|
Weider LJ, Elser JJ, Crease TJ, Mateos M, Cotner JB, Markow TA. The Functional Significance of Ribosomal (r)DNA Variation: Impacts on the Evolutionary Ecology of Organisms. Annu Rev Ecol Evol Syst 2005. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.36.102003.152620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence J. Weider
- Department of Zoology and Biological Station, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019;
| | - James J. Elser
- Department of Life Sciences, Division of Ecology and Organismal Biology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85069-7100;
| | - Teresa J. Crease
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Canada N1G 2W1;
| | - Mariana Mateos
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721;
| | - James B. Cotner
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota St. Paul, Minnesota 55108;
| | - Therese A. Markow
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721;
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
|
35
|
Weider LJ, Makino W, Acharya K, Glenn KL, Kyle M, Urabe J, Elser JJ. Genotype × environment interactions, stoichiometric food quality effects, and clonal coexistence in Daphnia pulex. Oecologia 2005; 143:537-47. [PMID: 15791427 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-005-0003-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2004] [Accepted: 01/05/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The role of stoichiometric food quality in influencing genotype coexistence and competitive interactions between clones of the freshwater microcrustacean, Daphnia pulex, was examined in controlled laboratory microcosm experiments. Two genetically distinct clones of D. pulex, which show variation in their ribosomal rDNA structure, as well as differences in a number of previously characterized growth-rate-related features (i.e., life-history features), were allowed to compete in two different arenas: (1) batch cultures differing in algal food quality (i.e., high vs. low carbon:phosphorus (C:P ratio) in the green alga, Scenedesmus acutus); (2) continuous flow microcosms receiving different light levels (i.e., photosynthetically active radiation) that affected algal C:P ratios. In experiment 1, a clear genotype x environment interaction was determined with clone 1 out-competing clone 2 under high nutrient (i.e., low food C:P) conditions, while the exact opposite pattern was observed under low nutrient (i.e., high C:P) conditions. In experiment 2, clone 1 dominated over clone 2 under high light (higher C:P) conditions, but clonal coexistence was observed under low light (low C:P) conditions. These results indicate that food (nutrient) quality effects (hitherto an often overlooked factor) may play a role in microevolutionary (genotypic) responses to changing stoichiometric conditions in natural populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence J Weider
- Department of Zoology and Biological Station, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Abstract
As part of a large international Arctic biodiversity expedition (Tundra Northwest '99), we examined the distribution of members of the arctic Daphnia pulex complex (Cladocera, Anomopoda) from 121 tundra ponds, spread across 16 sites spanning a large portion of arctic Canada (i.e. from 62 degrees 22' N to 79 degrees 01' N; 66 degrees 45' W to 139 degrees 37' W). Using allozyme electrophoresis and mitochondrial (mt)DNA analyses, we examined the population genetic (clonal) structure of these populations. The following taxa were detected in this complex: Daphnia pulicaria, D. middendorffiana and D. tenebrosa. Clear geographical differences in mean clonal richness and diversity were observed, with most western sites exhibiting higher clonal richness and diversity, than sites in the eastern Canadian Arctic. For both the pulicaria group (i.e. D. pulicaria and D. middendorffiana) and D. tenebrosa, the highest mean regional clonal richness was detected from the southern section of Banks Island, an unglaciated site situated on the edge or directly in the eastern fringe of the Beringian glacial refuge. A significant negative correlation was found between geographical distance from the Beringian edge, and overall regional clonal richness (i.e. sites closer to the edge harboured greater clonal richness). These results clearly indicate that more recently deglaciated regions (i.e. eastern Canadian Arctic) harbour lower levels of clonal richness than western regions nearer Beringia. We discuss the role that glacial refugia have played in influencing both biotic and genetic diversity in arctic taxa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L J Weider
- University of Oklahoma Biological Station, HC-71, Box 205 Kingston, OK 73439, US, Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Bergen, Norway.
| | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Gorokhova E, Dowling TE, Weider LJ, Crease TJ, Elser JJ. Functional and ecological significance of rDNA intergenic spacer variation in a clonal organism under divergent selection for production rate. Proc Biol Sci 2002; 269:2373-9. [PMID: 12495506 PMCID: PMC1691159 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2002.2145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
It has recently been hypothesized that variation in the intergenic spacer (IGS) of rDNA has considerable developmental, evolutionary and ecological significance through effects on growth rate and body C : N : P stoichiometry resulting from the role of the IGS in production of rRNA. To test these ideas, we assessed changes in size and structure of the repetitive region of the IGS, juvenile growth rate (JGR), RNA and phosphorus (P) contents in clonal lineages of Daphnia pulex derived from a single female and subjected to divergent selection on weight-specific fecundity (WSF). As a result of selection, WSF diverged rapidly, with significant reductions within two generations. Other significant changes accompanying shifts in WSF were that juveniles produced by low-WSF females grew more rapidly and had higher RNA and P contents. An increased predominance of long IGS variants was observed in lineages with elevated JGRs and low WSF. The observed variations in IGS length were related to the number of subrepeat units carrying a promoter sequence in the repetitive region. These results strongly support the hypothesized relationships, indicate a genetic mechanism for the evolution of such associations and demonstrate that Daphnia (and perhaps other parthenogens) possess considerable potential for rapid adaptive change in major life-history traits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Gorokhova
- Department of Biology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-1501, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Abstract
Recent work on the diapausing egg banks of zooplankton, such as Daphnia (Crustacea: Anomopoda), indicates that these eggs can remain viable for decades while, theoretically, DNA can remain intact for even longer periods (i.e. centuries or millennia). We isolated diapausing eggs of Daphnia from a 30 m long sediment core taken from a hypereutrophic, northern German lake (Belauer See), with some eggs found in dated core material as old as 4500 years. Using microsatellite markers, we analysed the genetic structure of the resting eggs dated as old as ca. 200 years, and found that, although levels of heterozygosity remained remarkably stable, significant genetic differentiation (Nei's D = 0.36; F(ST) = 0.15) between recent and 'ancient' resting eggs (including allele frequency shifts and private alleles) was detected. These shifts represent either species-level changes in this complex (i.e. species-specific characters of ephippia are not always robust), or intraspecific shifts in genetic variation, or a combination of both. This study demonstrates that the egg banks of aquatic zooplankton can serve as repositories of both genetic (intrapopulational) and ecological (interspecific) information. The use of molecular markers, such as microsatellites, on diapausing egg/seed banks may open new avenues of enquiry related to tracking the long-term genetic (and/or species) shifts that are associated with long-term environmental changes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Petra A Limburg
- Max Planck Institute for Limnology, August-Thienemann-Strasse 2, 24306 Plön, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Hairston NG, Holtmeier CL, Lampert W, Weider LJ, Post DM, Fischer JM, Cáceres CE, Fox JA, Gaedke U. Natural selection for grazer resistance to toxic cyanobacteria: evolution of phenotypic plasticity? Evolution 2001; 55:2203-14. [PMID: 11794781 DOI: 10.1111/j.0014-3820.2001.tb00736.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We studied the selection response of the freshwater grazing zooplankter, Daphnia galeata, to increased abundance of cyanobacteria in its environment. Cyanobacteria are a poor-quality and often toxic food. Distinct genotypes of D. galeata were hatched from diapausing eggs extracted from three time horizons in the sediments of Lake Constance, Europe, covering the period 1962 to 1997, a time of change in both the prevalence of planktonic cyanobacteria and levels of phosphorus pollution. We assessed whether the grazers evolved to become more resistant to dietary cyanobacteria by exposing genetically distinct clones to two diets, one composed only of the nutritious green alga, Scenedesmus obliquus (good food), and the other a mixture of S. obliquus and the toxic cyanobacterium Microcvstis aeruginosa (poor food). Genotype performance was measured as the specific rate of weight gain from neonate to maturity (gj). We evaluated evolutionary change in the Daphnia population using an analysis of reaction norms based on relative (log-transformed) changes in gj. Log(gj) is a measure of the proportional effect of dietary cyanobacteria on other fitness components of the Daphnia phenotype. For comparison, we also analyze absolute (i.e., nontransformed) changes in gj and discuss the interpretations of the two approaches. Statistical results using a general linear model demonstrate a significant effect of genotype (showing differences in gj among genotypes), a significant genotype x food-type interaction (showing differences in phenotypic plasticity among genotypes), and, in the case of log-transformed data, a significant sediment-genotype-age x food-type interaction. The latter shows that phenotypic plasticity evolved over the period studied. Two constraints act on response to selection in the D. galeata-Lake Constance system. First, gj on a diet containing poor food is highly correlated with gj on a diet of good food, thus evolving resistance also meant evolving an increase in gj on both diets. Second, because genotypes with a high gj also grow to a large adult body size, which in turn increases Daphnia vulnerability to fish predation, we suggest that selection only acted to favor genotypes possessing a high potential gj after cyanobacteria became prevalent. The presence of cyanobacteria depressed realized gj and led to animals of small adult body size even if their genotypes had the potential for high gj and large size. With realized gj reduced, genotypes with an inherently high value could be selected even in the presence of predatory fish. The joint action of selection by dietary cyanobacteria and vulnerability to fish predation provides an explanation for the observed evolution of resistance to poor food through reduced phenotypic plasticity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N G Hairston
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Hairston NG, Lampert W, Cáceres CE, Holtmeier CL, Weider LJ, Gaedke U, Fischer JM, Fox JA, Post DM. Rapid evolution revealed by dormant eggs. Nature 1999. [DOI: 10.1038/46731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 302] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
41
|
Weider LJ, Hobaek A, Colbourne JK, Crease TJ, Dufresne F, Hebert PDN. Holarctic Phylogeography of an Asexual Species Complex I. Mitochondrial DNA Variation in Arctic Daphnia. Evolution 1999. [DOI: 10.2307/2640718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
42
|
Weider LJ, Lampert W, Wessels M, Colbourne JK, Limburg P. Long–term genetic shifts in a microcrustacean egg bank associated with anthropogenic changes in the Lake Constance ecosystem. Proc Biol Sci 1997. [DOI: 10.1098/rspb.1997.0225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Winfried Lampert
- Max-Planck-Institut für Limnologie, Postfach 165, D–24302 Plön, Germany
| | - Martin Wessels
- Limnologisches Institut, Universität Konstanz, Postfach 5560, D–78434 Konstanz, Germany
| | - John K. Colbourne
- Department of Zoology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Petra Limburg
- Max-Planck-Institut für Limnologie, Postfach 165, D–24302 Plön, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Weider LJ, Hobæk A. Postglacial dispersal, glacial refugia, and clonal structure in Russian/Siberian populations of the arctic Daphnia pulex complex. Heredity (Edinb) 1997. [DOI: 10.1038/hdy.1997.59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
|
44
|
Weider LJ, Hobaek A, Crease TJ, Stibor H. Molecular characterization of clonal population structure and biogeography of arctic apomictic Daphnia from Greenland and Iceland. Mol Ecol 1996; 5:107-18. [PMID: 9147686 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.1996.tb00296.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
As part of a continuing international project to characterize the population genetic (clonal) structure of arctic members of the Daphnia pulex complex, 34 populations from western Iceland (N = 1373), and 76 populations from western Greenland (N = 2917), were surveyed for allozymic variation at six polymorphic enzyme loci. Mean clonal richness (+/- SE) was 1.91 +/- 0.19 and 1.50 +/- 0.12 for Iceland and Greenland populations, respectively. Mean clonal diversity (+/-1 SE) was 1.20 +/- 0.07 and 1.13 +/- 0.04 for Iceland and Greenland populations, respectively. Four widely distributed clones constituted 92.2% of the total animals surveyed from Iceland, while three locally abundant clones constituted 80.1% of the total animals collected primarily from Disko Island, western Greenland. Selected populations were screened for mitochondrial (mt)DNA variation using PCR-based RFLP analysis of a 2100 bp fragment containing part of the ND4 and ND5 genes. One mtDNA haplotype was very widespread in both western Greenland and western Iceland, although, a number of mutational derivatives were also detected. These data indicate the potential for long-distance dispersal of mtDNA lineages, of the order of hundreds or thousands of kilometers across the arctic. Phylogenetic analysis of the sequence of a 254 base pair (bp) fragment of the control region of the mtDNA molecule revealed two major clades one of which consisted solely of non-melanic lineages, and the other of which consisted almost exclusively of melanic lineages (i.e. one non-melanic lineage also clustered in this clade). Sequence divergence between the two clades averaged 7.3%. Both mitochondrial analyses did not reveal any distinct intraregional clustering of lineages. We discuss our results in reference to previous molecular work done on this arctic Daphnia complex, and we attempt to infer phylogeographic patterning based on geological/glaciological historical events in this region of the arctic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L J Weider
- Max-Planck-Institut fur Limnologie, Abteilung Okophysiologie, Plon, Germany
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Mitchell SE, Meester LD, Weider LJ, Carvalho GR. No Evidence for Kin-Preferential Swarming in a Daphnia magna Population Coexisting with Fish. J Anim Ecol 1995. [DOI: 10.2307/5856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
46
|
Abstract
An electrophoretic survey of 81 populations of arctic Daphnia pulex from around the Svalbard archipelago revealed the presence of 49 unique allozyme clones (N = 3357). Two closely related clones accounted for 66% of the total sample, and were widespread across the archipelago. Restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) of a 2.1-kb fragment of mtDNA (NADH-4 and NADH-5 subunits), amplified using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), revealed the presence of eight mtDNA haplotypes. One haplotype was particularly widespread, and the two most abundant allozyme clones shared this haplotype. Nonrandom distribution patterns of clones were observed, and are most likely the result of historical events (i.e. founder effects) related to the past glacial history of the archipelago. The data are discussed with reference to past glaciation events, and attempts are made to discern the colonization history of this apomictic complex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L J Weider
- Abteilung Okophysiologie, Max-Planck-Institut für Limnologie, Plön, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Pijanowska J, Weider LJ, Lampert W. Predator-mediated genotypic shifts in a prey population: experimental evidence. Oecologia 1993; 96:40-42. [PMID: 28313751 DOI: 10.1007/bf00318028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/1993] [Accepted: 07/12/1993] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrate the effect of fish predation on genotype frequencies in a laboratory population composed of two Daphnia magna clones, with historically contrasting exposures to fish predation. The two clones differed in their responsiveness to predation via differential avoidance/escape behavior. The clone which coexists with fish in nature is more responsive to the presence of a fish predator, while the clone not exposed to fish predation does not exhibit the defensive reaction. Fish caused a rapid (within 18 h) and significant shift in Daphnia clonal composition, from 1:1 to 8:1, in favor of the responsive clone. Genotype-specific defensive abilities (modus defendi) can contribute greatly to the phenomenon of genotype replacement under selective predation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Pijanowska
- Max-Planck-Institut für Limnologie, Postfach 165, D-24306, Plön, Germany
| | - Lawrence J Weider
- Max-Planck-Institut für Limnologie, Postfach 165, D-24306, Plön, Germany
| | - Winfried Lampert
- Max-Planck-Institut für Limnologie, Postfach 165, D-24306, Plön, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
|
49
|
Weider LJ. A Test of the "General-Purpose" Genotype Hypothesis: Differential Tolerance to Thermal and Salinity Stress among Daphnia Clones. Evolution 1993. [DOI: 10.2307/2410201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
50
|
|