1
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Roy S, Nag Chowdhury S, Kundu S, Sar GK, Banerjee J, Rakshit B, Mali PC, Perc M, Ghosh D. Time delays shape the eco-evolutionary dynamics of cooperation. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14331. [PMID: 37653103 PMCID: PMC10471784 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41519-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
We study the intricate interplay between ecological and evolutionary processes through the lens of the prisoner's dilemma game. But while previous studies on cooperation amongst selfish individuals often assume instantaneous interactions, we take into consideration delays to investigate how these might affect the causes underlying prosocial behavior. Through analytical calculations and numerical simulations, we demonstrate that delays can lead to oscillations, and by incorporating also the ecological variable of altruistic free space and the evolutionary strategy of punishment, we explore how these factors impact population and community dynamics. Depending on the parameter values and the initial fraction of each strategy, the studied eco-evolutionary model can mimic a cyclic dominance system and even exhibit chaotic behavior, thereby highlighting the importance of complex dynamics for the effective management and conservation of ecological communities. Our research thus contributes to the broader understanding of group decision-making and the emergence of moral behavior in multidimensional social systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourav Roy
- Department of Mathematics, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Sayantan Nag Chowdhury
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Srilena Kundu
- Department of Ecology & Evolution, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Gourab Kumar Sar
- Physics and Applied Mathematics Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata, 700108, India
| | - Jeet Banerjee
- BYJU'S, Think & Learn Pvt. Ltd., IBC Knowledge Park, 4/1 Bannerghatta Main Road, Bangalore, 560029, India
| | - Biswambhar Rakshit
- Department of Mathematics, Amrita School of Physical Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Coimbatore, 641112, India
| | | | - Matjaž Perc
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Maribor, Koroška cesta 160, 2000, Maribor, Slovenia
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, 404332, Taiwan
- Alma Mater Europaea, Slovenska ulica 17, 2000, Maribor, Slovenia
- Complexity Science Hub Vienna, Josefstädterstraße 39, 1080, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Physics, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dibakar Ghosh
- Physics and Applied Mathematics Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata, 700108, India.
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2
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Tälle M, Öckinger E, Löfroth T, Pettersson LB, Smith HG, Stjernman M, Ranius T. Land sharing complements land sparing in the conservation of disturbance-dependent species. AMBIO 2023; 52:571-584. [PMID: 36565407 PMCID: PMC9849535 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-022-01820-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Alteration of natural disturbances in human-modified landscapes has resulted in many disturbance-dependent species becoming rare. Conservation of such species requires efforts to maintain or recreate disturbance regimes. We compared benefits of confining efforts to habitats in protected areas (a form of land sparing) versus integrating them with general management of production land (a form of land sharing), using two examples: fire in forests and grazing in semi-natural grasslands. We reviewed empirical studies from the temperate northern hemisphere assessing effects of disturbances in protected and non-protected areas, and compiled information from organisations governing and implementing disturbances in Sweden. We found advantages with protection of areas related to temporal continuity and quality of disturbances, but the spatial extent of disturbances is higher on production land. This suggests that an approach where land sparing is complemented with land sharing will be most effective for preservation of disturbance-dependent species in forests and semi-natural grasslands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malin Tälle
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7044, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Erik Öckinger
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7044, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Therese Löfroth
- Department of Wildlife, Fish and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 901 83 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Lars B. Pettersson
- Department of Biology, Biodiversity Unit, Lund University, Ecology Building, 223 62 Lund, Sweden
| | - Henrik G. Smith
- Department of Biology, Biodiversity Unit, Lund University, Ecology Building, 223 62 Lund, Sweden
- Centre for Environmental and Climate Science, Lund University, Ecology Building, 223 62 Lund, Sweden
| | - Martin Stjernman
- Department of Biology, Biodiversity Unit, Lund University, Ecology Building, 223 62 Lund, Sweden
| | - Thomas Ranius
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7044, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
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3
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Iglesias MC, Hermoso V, Campos JC, Carvalho-Santos C, Fernandes PM, Freitas TR, Honrado JP, Santos JA, Sil Â, Regos A, Azevedo JC. Climate- and fire-smart landscape scenarios call for redesigning protection regimes to achieve multiple management goals. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 322:116045. [PMID: 36067662 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Integrated management of biodiversity and ecosystem services (ES) in heterogeneous landscapes requires considering the potential trade-offs between conflicting objectives. The UNESCO's Biosphere Reserve zoning scheme is a suitable context to address these trade-offs by considering multiple management zones that aim to minimise conflicts between management objectives. Moreover, in Mediterranean ecosystems, management and planning also needs to consider drivers of landscape dynamics such as wildfires and traditional farming and forestry practices that have historically shaped landscapes and the biodiversity they host. In this study, we applied a conservation planning approach to prioritise the allocation of management zones under future landscape and climate scenarios. We tested different landscape management scenarios reflecting the outcomes of climate-smart and fire-smart policies. We projected the expected landscape dynamics and associated changes on the distribution of 207 vertebrate species, 4 ES and fire hazard under each scenario. We used Marxan with Zones to allocate three management zones, replicating the Biosphere Reserves zoning scheme ("Core area", "Buffer zone" and "Transition area") to address the various management objectives within the Biosphere Reserve. Our results show that to promote ES supply and biodiversity conservation, while also minimising fire hazard, the reserve will need to: i) Redefine its zoning, especially regarding Core Areas, which need a considerable expansion to help mitigate changes in biodiversity and accommodate ES supply under expected changes in climate and species distribution. ii) Revisit current management policies that will result in encroached landscapes prone to high intensity, uncontrollable wildfires with the potential to heavily damage ecosystems and compromise the supply of ES. Our results support that both climate- and fire-smart policies in the Meseta Ibérica can help develop multifunctional landscapes that help mitigate and adapt to climate change and ensure the best possible maintenance of biodiversity and ES supply under uncertain future climate conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Cánibe Iglesias
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253, Bragança, Portugal; Laboratório Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253, Bragança, Portugal; Departamento de Zooloxía, Xenética e Antropoloxía Física, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Virgilio Hermoso
- Centre de Ciència i Tecnologia Forestal de Catalunya (CTFC), Ctra. Sant Llorenç de Morunys, km2. 25280, Solsona, Lleida, Spain; Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012, Sevilla, Spain.
| | - João C Campos
- InBIO/CIBIO - Centro de Investigacão em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Campus Agrário de Vairão, Rua Padre Armando Quintas, nº 7, 4485-661, Vairão, Portugal; CICGE - Centro de Investigação em Ciências Geo-Espaciais, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Alameda do Monte da Virgem, 4430-146, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal.
| | - Cláudia Carvalho-Santos
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA) & Institute for Bio-Sustainability (IB-S), University of Minho, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.
| | - Paulo M Fernandes
- CITAB - Centro de Investigação e de Tecnologias Agro-Ambientais e Biológicas, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5001-801, Vila Real, Portugal.
| | - Teresa R Freitas
- CITAB - Centro de Investigação e de Tecnologias Agro-Ambientais e Biológicas, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5001-801, Vila Real, Portugal.
| | - João P Honrado
- InBIO/CIBIO - Centro de Investigacão em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Campus Agrário de Vairão, Rua Padre Armando Quintas, nº 7, 4485-661, Vairão, Portugal; Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, S/N, Edifício FC4, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal; BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de Vairão, 4485-661, Vairão, Portugal.
| | - João A Santos
- CITAB - Centro de Investigação e de Tecnologias Agro-Ambientais e Biológicas, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5001-801, Vila Real, Portugal.
| | - Ângelo Sil
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253, Bragança, Portugal; Laboratório Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253, Bragança, Portugal; InBIO/CIBIO - Centro de Investigacão em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Campus Agrário de Vairão, Rua Padre Armando Quintas, nº 7, 4485-661, Vairão, Portugal; CITAB - Centro de Investigação e de Tecnologias Agro-Ambientais e Biológicas, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5001-801, Vila Real, Portugal; BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de Vairão, 4485-661, Vairão, Portugal.
| | - Adrián Regos
- Departamento de Zooloxía, Xenética e Antropoloxía Física, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Centre de Ciència i Tecnologia Forestal de Catalunya (CTFC), Ctra. Sant Llorenç de Morunys, km2. 25280, Solsona, Lleida, Spain; InBIO/CIBIO - Centro de Investigacão em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Campus Agrário de Vairão, Rua Padre Armando Quintas, nº 7, 4485-661, Vairão, Portugal; BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de Vairão, 4485-661, Vairão, Portugal.
| | - João C Azevedo
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253, Bragança, Portugal; Laboratório Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253, Bragança, Portugal.
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4
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Reed J, Chervier C, Borah JR, Gumbo D, Moombe KB, Mbanga TM, O’Connor A, Siangulube F, Yanou M, Sunderland T. Co-producing theory of change to operationalize integrated landscape approaches. SUSTAINABILITY SCIENCE 2022; 18:839-855. [PMID: 36119558 PMCID: PMC9465133 DOI: 10.1007/s11625-022-01190-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Integrated landscape approaches that engage diverse stakeholder groups in landscape governance are increasingly promoted to address linked social-ecological challenges in tropical landscapes. Recent research suggests that a transdisciplinary approach to landscape management can help identify common research needs, enhance knowledge co-production, guide evidence-based policy development, and harmonize cross-sectorial integration. Meanwhile, guiding principles for landscape approaches suggest that identifying common concerns and negotiating a process of change are fundamental to implementation and evaluation efforts. As such, the use of decision support tools such as theory of change models that build ordered sequences of actions towards a desired, and agreed, future state are increasingly advocated. However, the application of the theory of change concept to integrated landscape approaches is limited thus far, particularly within the scientific literature. Here, we address this gap by applying the principles of landscape approaches and knowledge co-production to co-produce a theory of change to address current unsustainable landscape management and associated conflicts in the Kalomo Hills Local Forest Reserve No. P.13 (KFR13) of Zambia. The participatory process engaged a diverse range of stakeholders including village head people, local and international researchers, district councillors, and civil society representatives amongst others. Several pathways, actions, and interventions were developed around the themes of deforestation, biodiversity and wildlife conservation, socio-economic development, access rights, and law enforcement. To make the theory of change actionable, participants identified a need for enhanced cross-sector and multi-level communication, capacity development, and improved governance, while a lack of commitment towards coordinated knowledge exchange and access to information along with poor policy formulation and weak enforcement of rules were among potential impediments to action. Use of theory of change can both inform evidence-based policy design (by revealing place-based challenges and proposing solutions) and support policy mechanisms that promote integration between state and non-state actors (by clarifying actor rights, roles and responsibilities). Co-developing a theory of change for integrated landscape management is inherently context specific, but the process and outcomes of this study should hold relevance across a range of contexts faced with sustainability challenges related to reconciling both conservation and development objectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Reed
- Center for International Forestry Research, Bogor, Indonesia
- School of International Development, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, UK
| | - Colas Chervier
- Center for International Forestry Research, Bogor, Indonesia
- Centre de Coopération International en Recherche Agronomique pour le développement (CIRAD), Montpellier, France
| | - Joli Rumi Borah
- Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Davison Gumbo
- Center for International Forestry Research, Lusaka, Zambia
| | | | - Teddy M. Mbanga
- Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Alida O’Connor
- Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Freddie Siangulube
- Center for International Forestry Research, Bogor, Indonesia
- Centre for Social Science Research (CSSR), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Malaika Yanou
- Center for International Forestry Research, Bogor, Indonesia
- Centre for Social Science Research (CSSR), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Terry Sunderland
- Center for International Forestry Research, Bogor, Indonesia
- Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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5
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Balmford A. Concentrating vs. spreading our footprint: how to meet humanity's needs at least cost to nature. J Zool (1987) 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jzo.12920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Balmford
- Conservation Science Group Department of Zoology University of Cambridge Cambridge UK
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6
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Cimon-Morin J, Goyette JO, Mendes P, Pellerin S, Poulin M. A systematic conservation planning approach to maintaining ecosystem service provision in working landscapes. Facets (Ott) 2021. [DOI: 10.1139/facets-2020-0100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Balancing human well-being with the maintenance of ecosystem services (ES) for future generations has become one of the central sustainability challenges of the 21st century. In working landscapes, past and ongoing production-centered objectives have resulted in the conversion of ecosystems into simple land-use types, which has also altered the provision of most ES. These inevitable trade-offs between the efficient production of individual provisioning ES and the maintenance of regulating and cultural ES call for the development of a land-use strategy based on the multifunctional use of the landscape. Due to the heterogeneous nature of working landscapes, both protection and restoration actions are needed to improve their multifunctionality. Systematic conservation planning (SCP) offers a decision support framework that can support landscape multifunctionality by indicating where ES management efforts should be implemented. We describe an approach that we developed to include ES provision protection and restoration objectives in SCP with the goal of providing ongoing benefits to society. We explain the general framework of this approach and discuss concepts, challenges, innovations, and prospects for the further development of a comprehensive decision support tool. We illustrate our approach with two case studies implemented in the pan-Canadian project ResNet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Cimon-Morin
- Département des sciences du bois et de la forêt, Faculté de Foresterie, de Géographie et de Géomatique, Université Laval, 2405 rue de la Terrasse, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Centre d’étude de la forêt, Université du Québec à Montréal, 141 Président-Kennedy, Montréal, QC H2X 1Y4, Canada
| | - Jean-Olivier Goyette
- Quebec Centre for Biodiversity Science, McGill University, 1205 Dr. Penfield Avenue, Montreal, QC H3A 1B1, Canada
- Département de phytologie, Faculté des Sciences de l’Agriculture et de l’Alimentation, Université Laval, 2425 rue de l’agriculture, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Poliana Mendes
- Quebec Centre for Biodiversity Science, McGill University, 1205 Dr. Penfield Avenue, Montreal, QC H3A 1B1, Canada
- Département de phytologie, Faculté des Sciences de l’Agriculture et de l’Alimentation, Université Laval, 2425 rue de l’agriculture, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Stéphanie Pellerin
- Quebec Centre for Biodiversity Science, McGill University, 1205 Dr. Penfield Avenue, Montreal, QC H3A 1B1, Canada
- Département des sciences biologiques, Institut de recherche en biologie végétale, Université de Montréal, 4101 rue Sherbrooke Est, Montréal, QC H1X 2B2, Canada
| | - Monique Poulin
- Quebec Centre for Biodiversity Science, McGill University, 1205 Dr. Penfield Avenue, Montreal, QC H3A 1B1, Canada
- Département de phytologie, Faculté des Sciences de l’Agriculture et de l’Alimentation, Université Laval, 2425 rue de l’agriculture, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
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7
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Meijaard E, Brooks TM, Carlson KM, Slade EM, Garcia-Ulloa J, Gaveau DLA, Lee JSH, Santika T, Juffe-Bignoli D, Struebig MJ, Wich SA, Ancrenaz M, Koh LP, Zamira N, Abrams JF, Prins HHT, Sendashonga CN, Murdiyarso D, Furumo PR, Macfarlane N, Hoffmann R, Persio M, Descals A, Szantoi Z, Sheil D. The environmental impacts of palm oil in context. NATURE PLANTS 2020; 6:1418-1426. [PMID: 33299148 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-020-00813-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Delivering the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) requires balancing demands on land between agriculture (SDG 2) and biodiversity (SDG 15). The production of vegetable oils and, in particular, palm oil, illustrates these competing demands and trade-offs. Palm oil accounts for ~40% of the current global annual demand for vegetable oil as food, animal feed and fuel (210 Mt), but planted oil palm covers less than 5-5.5% of the total global oil crop area (approximately 425 Mha) due to oil palm's relatively high yields. Recent oil palm expansion in forested regions of Borneo, Sumatra and the Malay Peninsula, where >90% of global palm oil is produced, has led to substantial concern around oil palm's role in deforestation. Oil palm expansion's direct contribution to regional tropical deforestation varies widely, ranging from an estimated 3% in West Africa to 50% in Malaysian Borneo. Oil palm is also implicated in peatland draining and burning in Southeast Asia. Documented negative environmental impacts from such expansion include biodiversity declines, greenhouse gas emissions and air pollution. However, oil palm generally produces more oil per area than other oil crops, is often economically viable in sites unsuitable for most other crops and generates considerable wealth for at least some actors. Global demand for vegetable oils is projected to increase by 46% by 2050. Meeting this demand through additional expansion of oil palm versus other vegetable oil crops will lead to substantial differential effects on biodiversity, food security, climate change, land degradation and livelihoods. Our Review highlights that although substantial gaps remain in our understanding of the relationship between the environmental, socio-cultural and economic impacts of oil palm, and the scope, stringency and effectiveness of initiatives to address these, there has been little research into the impacts and trade-offs of other vegetable oil crops. Greater research attention needs to be given to investigating the impacts of palm oil production compared to alternatives for the trade-offs to be assessed at a global scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Meijaard
- Borneo Futures, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei.
- Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK.
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Thomas M Brooks
- Science and Knowledge Unit, IUCN, Gland, Switzerland
- World Agroforestry Center (ICRAF), University of The Philippines Los Baños, Laguna, The Philippines
- Institute for Marine & Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Kimberly M Carlson
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Management, University of Hawai'i Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
- Department of Environmental Studies, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eleanor M Slade
- Asian School of the Environment, Nanyang Technological University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - John Garcia-Ulloa
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Janice Ser Huay Lee
- Asian School of the Environment, Nanyang Technological University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Truly Santika
- Borneo Futures, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei
- Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
| | - Diego Juffe-Bignoli
- Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
- UN Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC), Cambridge, UK
| | - Matthew J Struebig
- Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
| | - Serge A Wich
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marc Ancrenaz
- Borneo Futures, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei
- Kinabatangan Orang-Utan Conservation Programme, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Lian Pin Koh
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Jesse F Abrams
- Department of Ecological Dynamics, Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Berlin, Germany
- Global Systems Institute and Institute for Data Science and Artificial Intelligence, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Herbert H T Prins
- Animal Sciences Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Daniel Murdiyarso
- Center for International Forestry Research, Bogor, Indonesia
- Department of Geophysics and Meteorology, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Paul R Furumo
- Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Rachel Hoffmann
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Marcos Persio
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Adrià Descals
- Centre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions Forestals, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Zoltan Szantoi
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy
- Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Douglas Sheil
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
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8
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Meijaard E, Brooks TM, Carlson KM, Slade EM, Garcia-Ulloa J, Gaveau DLA, Lee JSH, Santika T, Juffe-Bignoli D, Struebig MJ, Wich SA, Ancrenaz M, Koh LP, Zamira N, Abrams JF, Prins HHT, Sendashonga CN, Murdiyarso D, Furumo PR, Macfarlane N, Hoffmann R, Persio M, Descals A, Szantoi Z, Sheil D. The environmental impacts of palm oil in context. NATURE PLANTS 2020. [PMID: 33299148 DOI: 10.31223/osf.io/e69bz] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Delivering the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) requires balancing demands on land between agriculture (SDG 2) and biodiversity (SDG 15). The production of vegetable oils and, in particular, palm oil, illustrates these competing demands and trade-offs. Palm oil accounts for ~40% of the current global annual demand for vegetable oil as food, animal feed and fuel (210 Mt), but planted oil palm covers less than 5-5.5% of the total global oil crop area (approximately 425 Mha) due to oil palm's relatively high yields. Recent oil palm expansion in forested regions of Borneo, Sumatra and the Malay Peninsula, where >90% of global palm oil is produced, has led to substantial concern around oil palm's role in deforestation. Oil palm expansion's direct contribution to regional tropical deforestation varies widely, ranging from an estimated 3% in West Africa to 50% in Malaysian Borneo. Oil palm is also implicated in peatland draining and burning in Southeast Asia. Documented negative environmental impacts from such expansion include biodiversity declines, greenhouse gas emissions and air pollution. However, oil palm generally produces more oil per area than other oil crops, is often economically viable in sites unsuitable for most other crops and generates considerable wealth for at least some actors. Global demand for vegetable oils is projected to increase by 46% by 2050. Meeting this demand through additional expansion of oil palm versus other vegetable oil crops will lead to substantial differential effects on biodiversity, food security, climate change, land degradation and livelihoods. Our Review highlights that although substantial gaps remain in our understanding of the relationship between the environmental, socio-cultural and economic impacts of oil palm, and the scope, stringency and effectiveness of initiatives to address these, there has been little research into the impacts and trade-offs of other vegetable oil crops. Greater research attention needs to be given to investigating the impacts of palm oil production compared to alternatives for the trade-offs to be assessed at a global scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Meijaard
- Borneo Futures, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei.
- Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK.
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Thomas M Brooks
- Science and Knowledge Unit, IUCN, Gland, Switzerland
- World Agroforestry Center (ICRAF), University of The Philippines Los Baños, Laguna, The Philippines
- Institute for Marine & Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Kimberly M Carlson
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Management, University of Hawai'i Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
- Department of Environmental Studies, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eleanor M Slade
- Asian School of the Environment, Nanyang Technological University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - John Garcia-Ulloa
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Janice Ser Huay Lee
- Asian School of the Environment, Nanyang Technological University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Truly Santika
- Borneo Futures, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei
- Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
| | - Diego Juffe-Bignoli
- Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
- UN Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC), Cambridge, UK
| | - Matthew J Struebig
- Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
| | - Serge A Wich
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marc Ancrenaz
- Borneo Futures, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei
- Kinabatangan Orang-Utan Conservation Programme, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Lian Pin Koh
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Jesse F Abrams
- Department of Ecological Dynamics, Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Berlin, Germany
- Global Systems Institute and Institute for Data Science and Artificial Intelligence, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Herbert H T Prins
- Animal Sciences Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Daniel Murdiyarso
- Center for International Forestry Research, Bogor, Indonesia
- Department of Geophysics and Meteorology, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Paul R Furumo
- Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Rachel Hoffmann
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Marcos Persio
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Adrià Descals
- Centre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions Forestals, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Zoltan Szantoi
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy
- Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Douglas Sheil
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
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9
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Erős T, Bányai Z. Sparing and sharing land for maintaining the multifunctionality of large floodplain rivers. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 728:138441. [PMID: 32361357 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Large floodplain rivers (LFRs) are among the most threatened ecosystems on Earth and their utilization is expected to grow. Therefore, the need to develop more effective spatial prioritization tools to maintain their multifunctionality becomes increasingly important. We present a novel approach to land use design and conservation planning of LFRs and demonstrate its applicability using a case study for the Danube River, Central-Europe. Specifically, we use indicators of habitat naturalness and complexity to define four main land use functions for LFRs: (1) relatively intact areas with high habitat complexity, which are of high priority for conservation (C), (2) degraded and simplified areas, which are not suited for conservation, but for human utilization (HU), (3) relatively natural areas with low habitat complexity, which are suited both for conservation and for sustainable use of goods and services (LS), (4) degraded areas with relatively high habitat complexity potential, which should be used for rehabilitation (R). While C and HU spare land primarily for conservation and for human utilization, respectively, categories LS and R share land both for biodiversity conservation and for human use and well-being. Results of the case study show that the different land use functions did not clearly separate spatially along the evaluated segment, but distributed relatively equally. Area weighted indices highlighted the importance of large floodplains, while non-weighted indices indicated the importance of many smaller segments with narrow floodplain riparian zone, which can still be important for conservation or rehabilitation purposes. Our multiscale analysis revealed how land use categorizations depend on index use, index weightings and spatial resolution of land use function maps, which should be considered by management. The suggested methodology provides a transparent framework to any stakeholder groups on how to plan out management actions in the context of land conservation and ecosystem services delivery of LFRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tibor Erős
- Danube Research Institute, Centre for Ecological Research, Karolina út 29., H-1113 Budapest, Hungary; Balaton Limnological Institute, Centre for Ecological Research, Klebelsberg Kuno u. 3., H-8237 Tihany, Hungary.
| | - Zsombor Bányai
- Danube Research Institute, Centre for Ecological Research, Karolina út 29., H-1113 Budapest, Hungary
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10
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Macchi L, Decarre J, Goijman AP, Mastrangelo M, Blendinger PG, Gavier‐Pizarro GI, Murray F, Piquer‐Rodriguez M, Semper‐Pascual A, Kuemmerle T. Trade‐offs between biodiversity and agriculture are moving targets in dynamic landscapes. J Appl Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leandro Macchi
- Instituto de Ecología Regional (IER) CONICET ‐ Universidad Nacional de Tucumán Tucumán Argentina
| | - Julieta Decarre
- Instituto de Recursos Biológicos (IRB‐CIRN) Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA) Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Andrea P. Goijman
- Instituto de Recursos Biológicos (IRB‐CIRN) Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA) Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Matías Mastrangelo
- Grupo de Estudios de Agroecosistemas y Paisajes Rurales (GEAP) CONICET ‐ Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Pedro G. Blendinger
- Instituto de Ecología Regional (IER) CONICET ‐ Universidad Nacional de Tucumán Tucumán Argentina
| | - Gregorio I. Gavier‐Pizarro
- Instituto de Recursos Biológicos (IRB‐CIRN) Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA) Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Francisco Murray
- Agencia de Extensión Rural San Luis Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA) San Luis Argentina
| | - María Piquer‐Rodriguez
- Instituto de Ecología Regional (IER) CONICET ‐ Universidad Nacional de Tucumán Tucumán Argentina
| | | | - Tobias Kuemmerle
- Geography Department Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin Berlin Germany
- Integrative Research Institute on Transformations of Human‐Environment Systems (IRI‐THESys) Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin Berlin Germany
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11
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Identifying trade-offs between biodiversity conservation and ecosystem services delivery for land-use decisions. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7971. [PMID: 32409694 PMCID: PMC7224365 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64668-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sustainable land-use management must account for the potential trade-offs between biodiversity conservation, productive land uses and ecosystem services. In this study, we used Marxan with Zones to generate land use plans that optimize conservation, farming and forestry land uses to reach biodiversity targets while minimizing the opportunity cost for local communities in an inhabited but data-poor National Park in the Andes of Bolivia. Based on six alternative land-use plans, we identified the synergies and trade-offs between the biodiversity benefits achieved in the different plans and the delivery of four locally important water-related ecosystem services modeled with the web-based tool AguAAndes. Although we find synergies between the conservation of high altitude Polylepis woodlands and their associated avifauna and three of the ecosystem services investigated, soil erosion levels were actually higher in scenarios with higher achieved biodiversity benefits. Our study shows how systematic conservation planning and ecosystem service delivery modelling can be used to solve land-use conflicts and identify trade-offs between biodiversity conservation and ecosystem services in a data-poor tropical area.
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12
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Butsic V, Kuemmerle T, Pallud L, Helmstedt KJ, Macchi L, Potts MD. Aligning biodiversity conservation and agricultural production in heterogeneous landscapes. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2020; 30:e02057. [PMID: 31837241 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the trade-offs between biodiversity conservation and agricultural production has become a fundamental question in sustainability science. Substantial research has focused on how species' populations respond to agricultural intensification, with the goal to understand whether conservation policies that spatially separate agriculture and conservation or, alternatively, integrate the two are more beneficial. Spatial heterogeneity in both species abundance and agricultural productivity have been largely left out of this discussion, although these patterns are ubiquitous from local to global scales due to varying land capacity. Here, we address the question of how to align agricultural production and biodiversity conservation in heterogeneous landscapes. Using model simulations of species abundance and agricultural yields, we show that trade-offs between agricultural production and species' abundance can be reduced by minimizing the cost (in terms of species abundance) of agricultural production. We find that when species' abundance and agricultural yields vary across landscapes, the optimal strategy to minimize trade-offs is rarely pure land sparing or land sharing. Instead, landscapes that combine elements of both strategies are optimal. Additionally, we show how the reference population of a species is defined has important influences on optimization results. Our findings suggest that in the real world, understanding the impact of heterogeneous land capacity on biodiversity and agricultural production is crucial to designing multi-use landscapes that jointly maximize conservation and agricultural benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van Butsic
- Department of Environmental Science Policy and Management, UC Berkeley, 130 Mulford Hall, Berkeley, California, 94720, USA
| | - Tobias Kuemmerle
- Geography Department, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Unter den Linden 6, 10099, Berlin, Germany
- Integrative Research Institute on Transformations in Human-Environment Systems (IRI THESys), Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Unter den Linden 6, 10099, Berlin, Germany
| | - Leo Pallud
- ENSTA ParisTech, 828 Bd des Marechaux, 91120, Palaiseau, France
| | - Kate J Helmstedt
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, 4000, Australia
| | - Leandro Macchi
- Geography Department, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Unter den Linden 6, 10099, Berlin, Germany
- Instituto de Ecología Regional, UNT - CONICET, Residencia Universitaria Horco Molle, Edificio las Cúpulas, 4107, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Matthew D Potts
- Department of Environmental Science Policy and Management, UC Berkeley, 130 Mulford Hall, Berkeley, California, 94720, USA
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13
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Finch T, Green RE, Massimino D, Peach WJ, Balmford A. Optimising nature conservation outcomes for a given region‐wide level of food production. J Appl Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tom Finch
- RSPB Centre for Conservation Science RSPB The Lodge Sandy UK
| | - Rhys E. Green
- Conservation Science Group Department of Zoology University of Cambridge Cambridge UK
| | | | - Will J. Peach
- RSPB Centre for Conservation Science RSPB The Lodge Sandy UK
| | - Andrew Balmford
- Conservation Science Group Department of Zoology University of Cambridge Cambridge UK
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14
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15
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Edwards DP, Socolar JB, Mills SC, Burivalova Z, Koh LP, Wilcove DS. Conservation of Tropical Forests in the Anthropocene. Curr Biol 2019; 29:R1008-R1020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2019.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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16
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Finch T, Gillings S, Green RE, Massimino D, Peach WJ, Balmford A. Bird conservation and the land sharing-sparing continuum in farmland-dominated landscapes of lowland England. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2019; 33:1045-1055. [PMID: 30900280 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.13316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Empirical evidence from many regions suggests that most species would be least negatively affected if human food demand were met through high-yield agricultural production and conservation of nonfarm ecosystems (land sparing), rather than through wildlife-friendly farming over a larger area (land sharing). However, repeated glaciation and a long history of agriculture may lead to different results in regions such as western Europe. We compared the consequences of land sparing and land sharing on breeding bird species in 2 lowland regions of England, The Fens, with 101 species, and Salisbury Plain, with 83. We derived density-yield responses for each species and then estimated regional population size under regional food production strategies, including land sharing and land sparing, a range of intermediate strategies, and a novel mixed strategy. In both regions, more species achieved maximum regional population size under land sparing than land sharing. In The Fens, the majority of birds were loser species (estimated to have smaller populations under all food production strategies than in the preagricultural baseline scenario), whereas in Salisbury Plain the majority were winners (smaller populations in the preagricultural baseline scenario). Loser species overwhelmingly achieved maximum regional population size under land sparing, whereas winner species achieved maximum regional population size under either land sharing or an intermediate strategy, highlighting the importance of defining which groups of species are the target of conservation. A novel 3-compartment strategy (combining high-yield farming, natural habitat, and low-yield farming) often performed better than either land sharing or land sparing. Our results support intermediate or 3-compartment land-sparing strategies to maximize bird populations across lowland agricultural landscapes. To deliver conservation outcomes, any shift toward land sparing must, however, ensure yield increases are sustainable in the long term, do not entail increased negative effects on surrounding areas, and are linked to allocation of land for nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Finch
- RSPB Centre for Conservation Science, RSPB, The Lodge, Sandy, Bedfordshire, U.K
- Conservation Science Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K
| | | | - Rhys E Green
- RSPB Centre for Conservation Science, RSPB, The Lodge, Sandy, Bedfordshire, U.K
- Conservation Science Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K
| | | | - Will J Peach
- RSPB Centre for Conservation Science, RSPB, The Lodge, Sandy, Bedfordshire, U.K
| | - Andrew Balmford
- Conservation Science Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K
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17
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Hanson JO, Schuster R, Strimas‐Mackey M, Bennett JR. Optimality in prioritizing conservation projects. Methods Ecol Evol 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/2041-210x.13264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey O. Hanson
- School of Biological Sciences The University of Queensland Brisbane QLD Australia
| | - Richard Schuster
- Department of Biology Carleton University Ottawa ON Canada
- Ecosystem Science and Management Program University of Northern British Prince George BC Canada
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18
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Zheng H, Wang L, Wu T. Coordinating ecosystem service trade-offs to achieve win-win outcomes: A review of the approaches. J Environ Sci (China) 2019; 82:103-112. [PMID: 31133255 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2019.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Ecosystem service (ES) trade-offs have been broadly recognized and studied over the past decade. However, how to coordinate the relationships among ES trade-offs to achieve win-win outcomes remains a considerable challenge for decision makers. Here, we summarize the current approaches applied to minimize ES trade-offs for win-wins and analyze the trade-offs among different ESs and their drivers. Based on a systematic review of the literature from 2005 to 2018, we identified 170 potentially relevant articles, 47 of which were selected for the review, recording 70 actual or potential trade-offs. Analysis of these case studies showed that trade-off pairs between provisioning services and regulating services/biodiversity accounted for 80% of total pairs. Furthermore, more than half of the ES trade-offs were driven by land use/land cover changes. Harvest and resource demand, natural resource management, and policy instruments were also among the main drivers. Four approaches to coordinate ES trade-offs were identified, including ecosystem, landscape-scale, multi-objective optimization, and policy intervention (and other) approaches. Based on the above, we recommend a rigorous understanding of the roles of different stakeholders, spatial scales of management, trade-off dynamics, and integrated implementation of diverse approaches to coordinate ES trade-offs in order to better achieve win-win outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Lijuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
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19
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Sabatini FM, de Andrade RB, Paillet Y, Ódor P, Bouget C, Campagnaro T, Gosselin F, Janssen P, Mattioli W, Nascimbene J, Sitzia T, Kuemmerle T, Burrascano S. Trade-offs between carbon stocks and biodiversity in European temperate forests. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2019; 25:536-548. [PMID: 30565806 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Policies to mitigate climate change and biodiversity loss often assume that protecting carbon-rich forests provides co-benefits in terms of biodiversity, due to the spatial congruence of carbon stocks and biodiversity at biogeographic scales. However, it remains unclear whether this holds at the scales relevant for management, and particularly large knowledge gaps exist for temperate forests and for taxa other than trees. We built a comprehensive dataset of Central European temperate forest structure and multi-taxonomic diversity (beetles, birds, bryophytes, fungi, lichens, and plants) across 352 plots. We used Boosted Regression Trees (BRTs) to assess the relationship between above-ground live carbon stocks and (a) taxon-specific richness, (b) a unified multidiversity index. We used Threshold Indicator Taxa ANalysis to explore individual species' responses to changing above-ground carbon stocks and to detect change-points in species composition along the carbon-stock gradient. Our results reveal an overall weak and highly variable relationship between richness and carbon stock at the stand scale, both for individual taxonomic groups and for multidiversity. Similarly, the proportion of win-win and trade-off species (i.e., species favored or disadvantaged by increasing carbon stock, respectively) varied substantially across taxa. Win-win species gradually replaced trade-off species with increasing carbon, without clear thresholds along the above-ground carbon gradient, suggesting that community-level surrogates (e.g., richness) might fail to detect critical changes in biodiversity. Collectively, our analyses highlight that leveraging co-benefits between carbon and biodiversity in temperate forest may require stand-scale management that prioritizes either biodiversity or carbon in order to maximize co-benefits at broader scales. Importantly, this contrasts with tropical forests, where climate and biodiversity objectives can be integrated at the stand scale, thus highlighting the need for context-specificity when managing for multiple objectives. Accounting for critical change-points of target taxa can help to deal with this specificity, by defining a safe operating space to manipulate carbon while avoiding biodiversity losses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Maria Sabatini
- Geography Department, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) - Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institut für Biologie, Martin-Luther-Universität, Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | | | | | - Péter Ódor
- MTA Centre for Ecological Research, Institute of Ecology and Botany, Vácrátót, Hungary
| | | | - Thomas Campagnaro
- Department of Land, Environment, Agriculture and Forestry, Università degli Studi di Padova, Legnaro, Italy
| | | | - Philippe Janssen
- Université Grenoble-Alpes, Irstea, UR LESSEM, Saint-Martin-d'Hères, France
| | - Walter Mattioli
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Forestry and Wood (CREA-FL), Arezzo, Italy
| | - Juri Nascimbene
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Tommaso Sitzia
- Department of Land, Environment, Agriculture and Forestry, Università degli Studi di Padova, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Tobias Kuemmerle
- Geography Department, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Integrative Research Institute for Human Environment Transformation (IRI THESys), Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sabina Burrascano
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza, University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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20
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Balmford B, Green RE, Onial M, Phalan B, Balmford A. How imperfect can land sparing be before land sharing is more favourable for wild species? J Appl Ecol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ben Balmford
- Department of ZoologyUniversity of Oxford Oxford UK
- Land, Environment, Economics and Policy InstituteUniversity of Exeter Exeter UK
| | - Rhys E. Green
- Department of ZoologyUniversity of CambridgeConservation Science Group Cambridge UK
| | - Malvika Onial
- Department of ZoologyUniversity of CambridgeConservation Science Group Cambridge UK
| | - Ben Phalan
- Department of ZoologyUniversity of CambridgeConservation Science Group Cambridge UK
- Department of Forest Ecosystems and SocietyOregon State University Corvallis Oregon
| | - Andrew Balmford
- Department of ZoologyUniversity of CambridgeConservation Science Group Cambridge UK
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21
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Mori AS, Isbell F, Seidl R. β-Diversity, Community Assembly, and Ecosystem Functioning. Trends Ecol Evol 2018; 33:549-564. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2018.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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22
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Geschke A, James S, Bennett AF, Nimmo DG. Compact cities or sprawling suburbs? Optimising the distribution of people in cities to maximise species diversity. J Appl Ecol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Geschke
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences; Deakin University; Burwood Vic. Australia
| | - Simon James
- School of Information Technology; Deakin University; Burwood Vic. Australia
| | - Andrew F. Bennett
- Department of Ecology, Environment & Evolution; La Trobe University; Burwood Vic. Australia
| | - Dale G. Nimmo
- Institute for Land, Water and Society; School of Environmental Science; Charles Sturt University; Albury NSW Australia
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23
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Law EA, Bennett NJ, Ives CD, Friedman R, Davis KJ, Archibald C, Wilson KA. Equity trade-offs in conservation decision making. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2018; 32:294-303. [PMID: 28861904 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.13008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Conservation decisions increasingly involve multiple environmental and social objectives, which result in complex decision contexts with high potential for trade-offs. Improving social equity is one such objective that is often considered an enabler of successful outcomes and a virtuous ideal in itself. Despite its idealized importance in conservation policy, social equity is often highly simplified or ill-defined and is applied uncritically. What constitutes equitable outcomes and processes is highly normative and subject to ethical deliberation. Different ethical frameworks may lead to different conceptions of equity through alternative perspectives of what is good or right. This can lead to different and potentially conflicting equity objectives in practice. We promote a more transparent, nuanced, and pluralistic conceptualization of equity in conservation decision making that particularly recognizes where multidimensional equity objectives may conflict. To help identify and mitigate ethical conflicts and avoid cases of good intentions producing bad outcomes, we encourage a more analytical incorporation of equity into conservation decision making particularly during mechanistic integration of equity objectives. We recommend that in conservation planning motivations and objectives for equity be made explicit within the problem context, methods used to incorporate equity objectives be applied with respect to stated objectives, and, should objectives dictate, evaluation of equity outcomes and adaptation of strategies be employed during policy implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Law
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, 4072, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, 4072, Australia
| | - Nathan J Bennett
- Institute for Resources, Environment and Sustainability, University of British Columbia, 2202 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
- School of Marine and Environmental Affairs, University of Washington, Box 355685, Seattle, WA 98195-5685, U.S.A
- Center for Ocean Solutions, Stanford University, 99 Pacific Street, Suite 555E, Monterey, CA 93940, U.S.A
| | - Christopher D Ives
- School of Geography, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Rachel Friedman
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, 4072, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, 4072, Australia
| | - Katrina J Davis
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, 4072, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, 4072, Australia
- UWA School of Agriculture & Environment, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, 6009, Australia
| | - Carla Archibald
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, 4072, Australia
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, 4072, Australia
| | - Kerrie A Wilson
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, 4072, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, 4072, Australia
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24
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Mori AS. Biodiversity and ecosystem services in forests: management and restoration founded on ecological theory. J Appl Ecol 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.12854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Akira S. Mori
- Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences; Yokohama National University; Yokohama Kanagawa Japan
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25
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Conservation Benefits of Tropical Multifunctional Land-Uses in and Around a Forest Protected Area of Bangladesh. LAND 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/land6010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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26
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Triviño M, Pohjanmies T, Mazziotta A, Juutinen A, Podkopaev D, Le Tortorec E, Mönkkönen M. Optimizing management to enhance multifunctionality in a boreal forest landscape. J Appl Ecol 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.12790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- María Triviño
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences; University of Jyvaskyla; PO Box 35 FI-40014 University of Jyvaskyla Finland
| | - Tähti Pohjanmies
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences; University of Jyvaskyla; PO Box 35 FI-40014 University of Jyvaskyla Finland
| | - Adriano Mazziotta
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences; University of Jyvaskyla; PO Box 35 FI-40014 University of Jyvaskyla Finland
- Center for Macroecology Evolution and Climate; Natural History Museum of Denmark; University of Copenhagen; Universitetsparken 15, Building 3 DK-2100 Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Artti Juutinen
- Department of Economics; University of Oulu; PO Box 4600 FI-90014 Oulu Finland
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, Oulu; University of Oulu; Paavo Havaksen tie 3, PO Box 413 FI-90014 Oulu Finland
| | - Dmitry Podkopaev
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences; University of Jyvaskyla; PO Box 35 FI-40014 University of Jyvaskyla Finland
- Systems Research Institute; Polish Academy of Sciences; Newelska 6 01-447 Warsaw Poland
- Department of Mathematical Information Technology; University of Jyvaskyla; PO Box 35 (Agora) FI-40014 University of Jyvaskyla Finland
| | - Eric Le Tortorec
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences; University of Jyvaskyla; PO Box 35 FI-40014 University of Jyvaskyla Finland
| | - Mikko Mönkkönen
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences; University of Jyvaskyla; PO Box 35 FI-40014 University of Jyvaskyla Finland
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