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Olszyk D, Pfleeger T, Nash M, Plocher M. Effects of Simulated Glyphosate Drift to Native Prairie Plants and Canola-Compatible Brassicaceae Species of North Dakota, United States. CROP PROTECTION (GUILDFORD, SURREY) 2024; 182:106692. [PMID: 39439886 PMCID: PMC11492983 DOI: 10.1016/j.cropro.2024.106692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2024]
Abstract
This study evaluated effects to native plant and weedy Brassicaceae species growing in areas potentially affected by drift of glyphosate used with glyphosate-resistant canola (Brassica napus). Ten native grass and forb species were selected based on importance in prairie areas of North Dakota, US; and four introduced Brassicaceae species (Brassica juncea, Brassica nigra, Brassica rapa, and Sinapis arvensis ssp. arvensis) were selected based on their ability to cross with B. napus. Greenhouse-grown seedlings were treated with 0 (carrier control), 0.00056, 0.0032, 0.018 and 0.1 × a field application rate (FAR) of 829 g ha-1 acid glyphosate (g acid equivalent or a.e. ha-1), along with no spray plants; with each treatment repeated in two experiments. Shoot dry weight and height were measured 14 days after treatment, and data were subjected to analysis of variance or covariance followed by a Dunnett's multiple comparison test to obtain No-Observed-Adverse-Effect-Rates (NOAERs) for both parameters. A Weibull regression was used to obtain the rate producing a 25% reduction (ER25) for shoot dry weight or height for a limited number of species and experiment combinations. Based on NOAER values for both shoot dry weight and height, most native species had reductions in growth with 0.1 x FAR resulting in NOAERs of 0.018 × FAR for at least one experiment. Nassella viridula was the most sensitive native species, with a NOAER of 0.0032 x FAR for shoot dry weight and one experiment for height. The Brassicaceae species responded similarly to glyphosate as the native species, with NOAER values ranging from 0.0032 to 0.018 × FAR. Only four species had valid regression analyses for shoot dry weight or height resulting in ER25 values between 0.007 and 0.054 x FAR. Pascopyrum smithii and Schizachyrium scoparium were not affected by glyphosate as indicated by NOAER values. This study indicated that drift concentrations between approximately 0.003, but more commonly ≥ 0.1 × FAR (2.49 and 82.9 g ha-1 acid glyphosate, respectively) may affect the growth and potential competitiveness of selected native plant species, and Brassicaceae species sexually compatible with glyphosate-resistant B. napus in North Dakota.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Olszyk
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Pacific Ecological Systems Division, 200 SW 35 St., Corvallis, OR, USA. 97333
| | - Thomas Pfleeger
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Pacific Ecological Systems Division, 200 SW 35 St., Corvallis, OR, USA. 97333
| | - Maliha Nash
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Pacific Ecological Systems Division, 2111 SE Marine Science, Dr., Newport, OR, USA. 97365
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Ferreira NGC, da Silva KA, Guimarães ATB, de Oliveira CMR. Hotspots of soil pollution: Possible glyphosate and aminomethylphosphonic acid risks on terrestrial ecosystems and human health. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 179:108135. [PMID: 37647703 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
The study presents a literature review of glyphosate (GLY) occurrence and its breakdown product, aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA), in soils worldwide, but with a specific focus on South America. In addition, an ecological risk approach based on the ecotoxicological endpoints for key soil biota (e.g., collembolans, and earthworms) assessed the impact of GLY and AMPA on these organisms. A generic probabilistic model for human health risk was also calculated for the different world regions. For what reports the risk for edaphic species and the level of pollution under the worst-case scenario, the South American continent was identified as the region of most concern. Nonetheless, other areas may also be in danger, but no risk could be calculated due to the lack of data. Since tropical countries are the top food exporters worldwide, the results obtained in this study must be carefully examined for their implications on a global scale. Some of the factors behind the high levels of these two chemicals in soils are debated (e.g., permissive protection policies, the extensive use of genetically modified crops), and some possible guidelines are presented that include, for example, further environmental characterisation and management of pesticide residues. The present review integrates data that can be used as a base by policymakers and decision-makers to develop and implement environmental policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuno G C Ferreira
- CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Terminal de Cruzeiros de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; School of Biosciences - Cardiff University, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, United Kingdom.
| | - Karlo Alves da Silva
- Graduate Program in Environmental Management (PPGAmb), Universidade Positivo (UP) and Centro de Pesquisa da Universidade Positivo (CPUP), Professor Pedro Viriato Parigot de Souza, 81280-330 Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Ana Tereza Bittencourt Guimarães
- Laboratory of Biological Investigations, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Rua Universitária, Cascavel 2069, Paraná, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biosciences and Health, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Rua Universitária, Cascavel 2069, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Cíntia Mara Ribas de Oliveira
- Graduate Program in Environmental Management (PPGAmb), Universidade Positivo (UP) and Centro de Pesquisa da Universidade Positivo (CPUP), Professor Pedro Viriato Parigot de Souza, 81280-330 Curitiba, Brazil.
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Kadžienė G, Pranaitienė S, Auškalnienė O, Veršulienė A, Supronienė S, Žvirdauskienė R, Gecaitė V, Cesevičienė J, Semaškienė R. Oilseed Rape, Wheat, and Barley Grain Contamination as Affected by Different Glyphosate Usage. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1335. [PMID: 36987023 PMCID: PMC10056239 DOI: 10.3390/plants12061335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate is one of the most widely used herbicides, but is still in the spotlight due to its controversial impact on the environment and human health. The main purpose of this study was to explore the effects of different glyphosate usages on harvested grain/seed contamination. Two field experiments of different glyphosate usage were carried out in Central Lithuania during 2015-2021. The first experiment was a pre-harvest application, with two timings, the first according to the label (14-10 days), and the other applied 4-2 days before harvest (off-label), performed in winter wheat and spring barley in 2015 and 2016. The second experiment consisted of glyphosate applications at label rate (1.44 kg ha-1) and double dose rate (2.88 kg ha-1) at two application timings (pre-emergence of crop and at pre-harvest), conducted in spring wheat and spring oilseed rape in 2019-2021. The results suggest that pre-emergence application at both dose rates did not affect the harvested spring wheat grain or spring oilseed rape seeds-no residues were found. The use of glyphosate at pre-harvest, despite the dosage and application timing, led to glyphosate's, as well as its metabolite, aminomethosphonic acid's, occurrence in grain/seeds, but the amounts did not reach the maximum residue levels according to Regulation (EC) No. 293/2013. The grain storage test showed that glyphosate residues remain in grain/seeds at steady concentrations for longer than one year. A one year study of glyphosate distribution within main and secondary products showed that glyphosate residues were mainly concentrated in wheat bran and oilseed rape meal, while no residues found in cold-pressed oil and wheat white flour, when glyphosate used at pre-harvest at the label rate.
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Kodikara KAS, Ransara GBM, Madarasinghe SK, Dissanayake NP, Abeysinghe NK, Prasangika KD, Dahdouh-Guebas F, Jayatissa LP. A Growing Threat to Tidal Forests: Incursion of Mangrove Ecosystems by Invasive Alien Species Acacia auriculiformis A. Cunn. ex Benth. (Fabaceae). RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS 2023. [DOI: 10.1134/s207511172301006x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
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Madeira Antunes P. Uncovering subtle mechanisms hindering the efficacy of biological control in plant invasions. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 237:1941-1942. [PMID: 36795473 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
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A GROWING THREAT TO TIDAL FORESTS: INCURSION OF MANGROVE ECOSYSTEMS BY INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES <i>ACACIA AURICULIFORMIS </i>A. CUNN. EX BENTH. (FABACEAE). RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.35885/1996-1499-15-4-102-105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Mangrove forests are reported to be invaded by invasive alien species (IAS). This study was therefore aimed at studying the level of distribution of the IAS, Acacia auriculiformis A. Cunn. ex Benth. in mangrove ecosystems in the southern coast of Sri Lanka and assessing the risk to periphery of mangrove forest by considering the Rekawa mangrove forest as a model site. Growth performances of two mangrove species; Rhizophora mucronata and Avicennia marina in the presence of Acacia plants were also tested under three different competition levels; low, moderate and high. According to the results, infestation of Acacia plants was significant in the southern coast of Sri Lanka, particularly in Matara and Hambantota districts (p<0.05). Species diversity determined as the Simpson diversity index was high (0.77) in the periphery of the Rekawa mangrove forest. Four true mangroves and two associates co-occurring with A. auriculiformis in the periphery could be observed during the field validation experiment. The highest seedling (15.4±2.2 m) and sapling (11.2±2.8 m) densities were reported for A. auriculiformis plants. Dominance, calculated as the importance value index of different species in the mangrove periphery varied from 18.0-120.6 and the latter highest was recorded for Acacia which has the highest relative density (42.1%) and the relative dominance (52.5%). The total leaf area of the Rhizophora plants grown in the high-competition level was significantly lower than that of the control plants while the dry weights at three different competition levels; were significantly higher (p<0.05) than the control. This could be due to the higher root biomass allocation. In Avicennia plants, cumulative shoot height, total leaf area and dry weight of the plants grown at the high-competition level were significantly lower than that of the control plants (p<0.05). A. auriculiformis plants grown with these true mangrove species better performed and did not show any significant deviation from the respective control plants. The level of survival of Acacia was significantly reduced at 25 psu (p<0.05). Early intervention and serious scrutiny are much needed to reverse the possible impacts of IAS on mangrove forests and the need for forest conservation is emphasized.
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Boltovskoy D, Guiaşu R, Burlakova L, Karatayev A, Schlaepfer MA, Correa N. Misleading estimates of economic impacts of biological invasions: Including the costs but not the benefits. AMBIO 2022; 51:1786-1799. [PMID: 35191001 PMCID: PMC9200917 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-022-01707-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The economic costs of non-indigenous species (NIS) are a key factor for the allocation of efforts and resources to eradicate or control baneful invasions. Their assessments are challenging, but most suffer from major flaws. Among the most important are the following: (1) the inclusion of actual damage costs together with various ancillary expenditures which may or may not be indicative of the real economic damage due to NIS; (2) the inclusion of the costs of unnecessary or counterproductive control initiatives; (3) the inclusion of controversial NIS-related costs whose economic impacts are questionable; (4) the assessment of the negative impacts only, ignoring the positive ones that most NIS have on the economy, either directly or through their ecosystem services. Such estimates necessarily arrive at negative and often highly inflated values, do not reflect the net damage and economic losses due to NIS, and can significantly misguide management and resource allocation decisions. We recommend an approach based on holistic costs and benefits that are assessed using likely scenarios and their counter-factual.
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Affiliation(s)
- Demetrio Boltovskoy
- IEGEBA, Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Pabellón 2, Ciudad Universitaria, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Radu Guiaşu
- Biology Program, Glendon College, York University, 2275 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, ON M4N 3M6 Canada
| | - Lyubov Burlakova
- Great Lakes Center, SUNY Buffalo State, 1300 Elmwood Ave., Buffalo, NY 14222 USA
| | - Alexander Karatayev
- Great Lakes Center, SUNY Buffalo State, 1300 Elmwood Ave., Buffalo, NY 14222 USA
| | - Martin A. Schlaepfer
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, University of Geneva, Boulevard Carl-Vogt 66, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nancy Correa
- Servicio de Hidrografía Naval y Escuela de Ciencias del Mar, Sede Educativa Universitaria, Facultad de la Armada, UNDEF, Av. Montes de Oca 2124, 1271 Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Sesin V, Freeland JR, Gilbert JM, Stevens KJ, Davy CM. Legacies of invasive plant management: effects of leaching from glyphosate-treated and untreated plants on germination and early growth of native macrophytes. Biol Invasions 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-022-02794-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Serrão JE, Plata-Rueda A, Martínez LC, Zanuncio JC. Side-effects of pesticides on non-target insects in agriculture: a mini-review. Naturwissenschaften 2022; 109:17. [PMID: 35138481 DOI: 10.1007/s00114-022-01788-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Climate change mediated by anthropogenic activity induces significant alterations on pest abundance and behavior and a potential increase in the use of agrochemicals for crop protection. Pesticides have been a tool in the control of pests, diseases, and weeds of agricultural systems. However, little attention has been given to their toxic effects on beneficial insect communities that contribute to the maintenance and sustainability of agroecosystems. In addition to pesticide-induced direct mortality, their sublethal effects on arthropod physiology and behavior must be considered for a complete analysis of their impact. This review describes the sublethal effects of pesticides on agriculturally beneficial insects and provides new information about the impacts on the behavior and physiology of these insects. The different types of sublethal effects of pesticides used in agriculture on pollinators, predators, parasitoids, and coprophagous insects were detailed.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Eduardo Serrão
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-000, Brazil.
| | - Angelica Plata-Rueda
- Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-000, Brazil
| | - Luis Carlos Martínez
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-000, Brazil
| | - José Cola Zanuncio
- Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-000, Brazil
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Florido FG, Regitano JB, Andrade PAM, Andreote FD, Brancalion PHS. A comprehensive experimental assessment of glyphosate ecological impacts in riparian forest restoration. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2022; 32:e02472. [PMID: 34652865 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Competition with invasive grasses is one of the most important drivers of tree planting failures, especially in tropical forests. A widely disseminated weeding approach has been glyphosate spraying, the most used herbicide globally in forestry and ecosystem restoration. However, glyphosate use in restoration is highly controversial and requires further studies to elucidate its effects on restoration processes and the environment. We evaluated the use of glyphosate in riparian forest restoration and its impacts on tree planting costs, weed control efficiency, planted seedling performance, herbaceous and woody species regeneration, soil bacteria, and environmental contamination, using mowing treatments as a reference and based on a controlled experiment established in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Glyphosate spraying reduced by one-half and one-third the accumulated aboveground biomass of, respectively, weeds in general and of the invasive grass Urochloa decumbens compared to mowing treatments, and it reduced the cost by half. The performance of planted tree seedlings was markedly favored by glyphosate spraying compared to mowing treatments, as expressed by improved seedling height (~twice higher), crown area (~5× higher), and basal area (~5× higher); the regeneration of both native woody and ruderal herbaceous plants were also enhanced. Neither glyphosate nor its metabolite Aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) residues were detected in either water runoff or soil samples, but they were found at relatively high concentrations in the runoff sediments (from 1.32 to 24.75 mg/kg for glyphosate and from 1.75 to 76.13 mg/kg for AMPA). Soil bacteria communities differed before and after glyphosate spraying in comparison to mowing plots (without glyphosate). Glyphosate spraying was far more cost effective than mowing for controlling U. decumbens and greatly improved the performance of planted tree seedlings and natural regeneration, while not leaving residues in soil and water. However, the changes in the structure of bacterial communities and high concentration of glyphosate and AMPA residues in runoff sediments highlight the need for caution when using this herbicide in riparian buffers. We present alternatives for reducing glyphosate use and minimizing its risks in tree planting initiatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávia G Florido
- Department of Forest Sciences, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Avenida Pádua Dias, 11, Piracicaba, Sao Paulo, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Jussara B Regitano
- Department of Soil Sciences, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Avenida Pádua Dias, 11, Piracicaba, Sao Paulo, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Pedro A M Andrade
- Department of Genetics, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Avenida Pádua Dias, 11, Piracicaba, Sao Paulo, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Fernando D Andreote
- Department of Soil Sciences, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Avenida Pádua Dias, 11, Piracicaba, Sao Paulo, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Pedro H S Brancalion
- Department of Forest Sciences, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Avenida Pádua Dias, 11, Piracicaba, Sao Paulo, 13418-900, Brazil
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Sesin V, Davy CM, Freeland JR. Review of Typha spp. (cattails) as toxicity test species for the risk assessment of environmental contaminants on emergent macrophytes. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 284:117105. [PMID: 33901981 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Macrophytes play an important role in aquatic ecosystems, and thus are often used in ecological risk assessments of potentially deleterious anthropogenic substances. Risk assessments for macrophyte populations or communities are commonly based on inferences drawn from standardized toxicity tests conducted on floating non-rooted Lemna species, or submerged-rooted Myriophyllum species. These tests follow strict guidelines to produce reliable and robust results with legal credibility for environmental regulations. However, results and inferences from these tests may not be transferrable to emergent macrophytes due to their different morphology and physiology. Emergent macrophytes of the genus Typha L. are increasingly used for assessing phytotoxic effects of environmental stressors, although standardized testing protocols have not yet been developed for this genus. In this review we present a synthesis of previous toxicity studies with Typha, based on which we evaluate the potential to develop standard toxicity tests for Typha spp. with seven selection criteria: ecological relevance to the ecosystem; suitability for different exposure pathways; availability of plant material; ease of cultivation; uniform growth; appropriate and easily measurable toxicity endpoints; and sensitivity toward contaminants. Typha meets criteria 1-3 fully, criteria 4 and 5 partly based on current limited data, and we identify knowledge gaps that limit evaluation of the remaining two criteria. We provide suggestions for addressing these gaps, and we summarize the experimental design of ecotoxicology studies that have used Typha. We conclude that Typha spp. can serve as future standard test species for ecological risk assessments of contaminants to emergent macrophytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Sesin
- Environmental and Life Sciences, Trent University, 1600 West Bank Drive, Peterborough, ON, K9L 0G2, Canada.
| | - Christina M Davy
- Wildlife Research and Monitoring Section, Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry, 2140 East Bank Drive, Peterborough, ON, K9J 7B8, Canada; Department of Biology, Trent University, 1600 West Bank Drive, Peterborough, ON, K9L 0G2, Canada
| | - Joanna R Freeland
- Department of Biology, Trent University, 1600 West Bank Drive, Peterborough, ON, K9L 0G2, Canada
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Sesin V, Davy CM, Stevens KJ, Hamp R, Freeland JR. Glyphosate Toxicity to Native Nontarget Macrophytes Following Three Different Routes of Incidental Exposure. INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT 2021; 17:597-613. [PMID: 32979014 PMCID: PMC8246556 DOI: 10.1002/ieam.4350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A major goal of invasive plant management is the restoration of native biodiversity, but effective methods for invasive plant control can be harmful to native plants. Informed application of control methods is required to reach restoration goals. The herbicide glyphosate, commonly applied in invasive plant management, can be toxic to native macrophytes. Our study assessed the response of 2 macrophytes that are endangered in our study area (Ammannia robusta and Sida hermaphrodita) to glyphosate concentrations that mimic incidental exposure from nearby invasive plant control: spray drift of 4 × 10-7 % to 5% glyphosate; pulse and continuous immersion in water containing 2 to 41 µg/L glyphosate; and rhizosphere contact with 5%-glyphosate-wicked invasive plants. We assessed macrophyte sensitivity at 14-d postexposure, and quantified abundance of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Glyphosate spray concentrations as low as 0.1% reduced macrophyte growth. Ammannia was more sensitive overall to glyphosate spray than Sida, although sensitivity varied among measured endpoints. Conversely, macrophytes were not affected by immersion in low concentrations of glyphosate or rhizosphere contact with a glyphosate-wicked plant. Likewise, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi abundance in roots was similar among glyphosate-sprayed and control plants. Based on our results, we recommend that invasive plant managers reduce risks to native nontarget plants through implementing measures that limit off-target spray drift, and consider the feasibility of more targeted applications, such as with wick equipment. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2021;17:597-613. © 2020 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Sesin
- Environment and Life Sciences, Trent UniversityPeterboroughOntarioCanada
| | - Christina M Davy
- Wildlife Research and Monitoring Section, Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and ForestryPeterboroughOntarioCanada
- Department of BiologyTrent UniversityPeterboroughOntarioCanada
| | - Kevin J Stevens
- Department of BiologyWilfrid Laurier UniversityWaterlooOntarioCanada
| | - Rebekah Hamp
- Department of BiologyWilfrid Laurier UniversityWaterlooOntarioCanada
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Angoh SYJ, Freeland J, Paterson J, Rupasinghe PA, Davy CM. Effects of invasive wetland macrophytes on habitat selection and movement by freshwater turtles. Biol Invasions 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-021-02505-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
AbstractInvasive species can significantly impact native wildlife by structurally altering habitats and access to resources. Understanding how native species respond to habitat modification by invasive species can inform effective habitat restoration, avoiding inadvertent harm to species at risk. The invasive graminoids Phragmites australis australis (hereafter Phragmites) and Typha × glauca are increasingly dominating Nearctic wetlands, often outcompeting native vegetation. Previous research suggests that turtles may avoid invasive Phragmites when moving through their home ranges, but the mechanisms driving avoidance are unclear. We tested two hypotheses that could explain avoidance of invaded habitat: (1) that stands of invasive macrophytes (Phragmites and Typha x glauca) impede movement, and (2) that they provide inadequate thermal conditions for turtles. We quantified active-season movements of E. blandingii (n = 14, 1328 relocations) and spotted turtles (Clemmys guttata; n = 12, 2295 relocations) in a coastal wetland in the Laurentian Great Lakes. Neither hypothesis was supported by the data. Phragmites and mixed-species Typha stands occurred within the home ranges of mature, active E. blandingii and C. guttata, and were used similarly to most other available habitats, regardless of macrophyte stem density. Turtles using stands of invasive macrophytes did not experience restricted movements or cooler shell temperatures compared to other wetland habitat types. Control of invasive macrophytes can restore habitat heterogeneity and benefit native wetland species. However, such restoration work should be informed by the presence of at-risk turtles, as heavy machinery used for control or removal may injure turtles that use these stands as habitat.
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Peterson PG, Merrett MF, Fowler SV, Barrett DP, Paynter Q. Comparing biocontrol and herbicide for managing an invasive non‐native plant species: Efficacy, non‐target effects and secondary invasion. J Appl Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Douglas Paul Barrett
- School of Agriculture and Environment Massey University Palmerston North New Zealand
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Weidlich EWA, Flórido FG, Sorrini TB, Brancalion PHS. Controlling invasive plant species in ecological restoration: A global review. J Appl Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Flávia G. Flórido
- Department of Forest Sciences ‘Luiz de Queiroz’ College of Agriculture (ESALQ) University of São Paulo (USP) Piracicaba SP Brazil
| | - Taísi B. Sorrini
- Department of Forest Sciences ‘Luiz de Queiroz’ College of Agriculture (ESALQ) University of São Paulo (USP) Piracicaba SP Brazil
| | - Pedro H. S. Brancalion
- Department of Forest Sciences ‘Luiz de Queiroz’ College of Agriculture (ESALQ) University of São Paulo (USP) Piracicaba SP Brazil
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16
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Schultz CB, Ferguson JA. Demographic costs and benefits of herbicide‐based restoration to enhance habitat for an endangered butterfly and a threatened plant. Restor Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.13102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Shanta PV, Li B, Stuart DD, Cheng Q. Plasmonic Gold Templates Enhancing Single Cell Lipidomic Analysis of Microorganisms. Anal Chem 2020; 92:6213-6217. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b05285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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18
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Landres P, Hahn BA, Biber E, Spencer DT. Protected area stewardship in the Anthropocene: integrating science, law, and ethics to evaluate proposals for ecological restoration in wilderness. Restor Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.13104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Landres
- Aldo Leopold Wilderness Research Institute, USDA Forest ServiceRocky Mountain Research Station Missoula MT 59801 U.S.A
| | - Beth A. Hahn
- Aldo Leopold Wilderness Research Institute, USDA Forest ServiceRocky Mountain Research Station Missoula MT 59801 U.S.A
| | - Eric Biber
- Berkeley School of LawUniversity of California, Berkeley Berkeley CA 94720 U.S.A
| | - Daniel T. Spencer
- Environmental StudiesThe University of Montana Missoula MT 59812 U.S.A
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Caldwell LK, Courter LA. Abiotic Factors Influence Surface Water Herbicide Concentrations Following Silvicultural Aerial Application in Oregon's North Coast Range. INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT 2020; 16:114-127. [PMID: 31334905 PMCID: PMC6973150 DOI: 10.1002/ieam.4196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Nontarget impacts of routine aerial silvicultural practices on surface water quality are not well documented. Thus, uncertainty remains regarding herbicide treatment effects on ecological and human health. To investigate factors that influence silvicultural herbicide concentrations in surface water and identify any potential risks, we conducted a 2-year study that monitored multiple streams for herbicide residues following aerial application of glyphosate, clopyralid, sulfometuron methyl (SMM), and metsulfuron methyl (MSM). The monitored streams drain recently harvested forest lands that also serve as municipal water sources for nearby communities in western Oregon's north coast range. A paired watershed design targeted predicted episodic pulses with water samples collected before, during, and after herbicide application, and during the first posttreatment storm events. We report no relic herbicide detections in control or test streams. Aerial application of glyphosate, clopyralid, SMM, and MSM resulted in no detections in control streams and only trace, episodic concentrations in test streams. Across all test streams from both study years, maximum SMM and MSM detections (≤0.030 μg/L) consistently occurred during the first storm event at sampling locations closest to the treated harvest unit. Results indicate that proximity to the treatment site, time from application, and rainfall influence herbicide presence and concentrations in surface water. Furthermore, detections of trace SMM and MSM concentrations were more than 25 000-fold and 60 000-fold below federal human health safety benchmarks for chronic exposure, respectively. We provide empirical context for understanding surface water herbicide presence following aerial silviculture application under modern forestry best management practices and identify potential risk to ecological and human health. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2019;00:1-14. © 2019 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC).
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Sharma A, Kumar V, Shahzad B, Tanveer M, Sidhu GPS, Handa N, Kohli SK, Yadav P, Bali AS, Parihar RD, Dar OI, Singh K, Jasrotia S, Bakshi P, Ramakrishnan M, Kumar S, Bhardwaj R, Thukral AK. Worldwide pesticide usage and its impacts on ecosystem. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-019-1485-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 370] [Impact Index Per Article: 74.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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21
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Do No Harm: Efficacy of a Single Herbicide Application to Control an Invasive Shrub While Minimizing Collateral Damage to Native Species. PLANTS 2019; 8:plants8100426. [PMID: 31635358 PMCID: PMC6843660 DOI: 10.3390/plants8100426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Control of invasive exotic species in restorations without compromising the native plant community is a challenge. Efficacy of exotic species control needs to consider collateral effects on the associated plant community. We asked (1) if short-term control of a dominant exotic invasive, Lespedeza cuneata in grassland restorations allows establishment of a more diverse native plant community, and (2) if control of the exotic and supplemental seed addition allows establishment of native species. A manipulative experiment tested the effects of herbicide treatments (five triclopyr and fluroxypyr formulations plus an untreated control) and seed addition (and unseeded control) on taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity, and community composition of restored grasslands in three sites over three years. We assessed response of L. cuneata through stem density counts, and response of the plant community through estimates of canopy cover. Herbicide treatments reduced the abundance of the exotic in the first field season leading to a less dispersed community composition compared with untreated controls, with the exotic regaining dominance by the third year. Supplemental seed addition did not provide extra resistance of the native community to reinvasion of the exotic. The communities were phylogenetically over-dispersed, but there was a short-term shift to lower phylogenetic diversity in response to herbicides consistent with a decrease in biotic filtering. Native plant communities in these grassland restorations were resilient to short-term reduction in abundance of a dominant invasive even though it was insufficient to provide an establishment window for native species establishment.
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Osunkoya OO, Froese JG, Nicol S. Management feasibility of established invasive plant species in Queensland, Australia: A stakeholders' perspective. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 246:484-495. [PMID: 31200182 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.05.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Managing and monitoring invasive alien species (IAS) is costly, and because resources are limited, prioritization decisions are required for planning and management. We present findings on plant pest prioritization for 63 established invader species of natural and grazing ecosystems of Queensland, Australia. We used an expert elicitation approach to assess risk (species occurrence, spread, and impact) and feasibility of control for each IAS. We elicit semi-quantitative responses from diverse expert stakeholders to score IAS on three management approaches (biocontrol, chemical and mechanical) in relation to cost, effectiveness and practicality, and incorporate uncertainty in expert inputs and model outputs. In the process, we look for promising management opportunities as well as seek general trends across species' ecological groups and management methods. Stakeholders were cautiously optimistic about the feasibility of managing IAS. Taking into consideration all factors, the overall feasibility of control was uncorrelated with the stakeholders' level of confidence. However, within individual management criterion, positive trend was observed for the same bivariate traits for chemical control, and negative trends for biocontrol and mechanical controls. Utility and confidence in IAS management options were in the order: chemical > biocontrol = mechanical, with practicality and effectiveness being the main driver components. Management feasibility differed significantly between IAS life forms but not between habitats invaded. Lastly, we combined IAS risk assessment and management feasibility scores to create a risk matrix to guide policy goals (i.e. eradication, spread containment, protection of sensitive sites, targeted control, site management, monitoring, and limited action). The matrix identifies promising species to target for each of these policy outcomes. Overall, our general approach illustrates (i) the importance of understanding the feasibility of IAS control actions and the factors that drive it, and (ii) demonstrates how quantifying management feasibility can be used to enhance traditional risk assessment rankings to improve policy outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olusegun O Osunkoya
- Invasive Plant and Animal Science Unit, Biosecurity Sciences, Queensland Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Eco-sciences Precinct, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia.
| | - Jens G Froese
- CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Eco-sciences Precinct, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Sam Nicol
- CSIRO Land and Water, Eco-sciences Precinct, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
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Osunkoya OO, Froese JG, Nicol S, Perrett C, Moore K, Callander J, Campbell S. A risk-based inventory of invasive plant species of Queensland, Australia: Regional, ecological and floristic insights. AUSTRAL ECOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/aec.12776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Olusegun O. Osunkoya
- Invasive Plant and Animal Science Unit; Department of Agriculture and Fisheries; Biosecurity Queensland; Eco-sciences Precinct; Brisbane Queensland 4102 Australia
| | - Jens G. Froese
- CSIRO Health and Biosecurity; Eco-sciences Precinct; Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - Sam Nicol
- CSIRO Land and Water; Eco-sciences Precinct; Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - Christine Perrett
- Invasive Plant and Animal Science Unit; Department of Agriculture and Fisheries; Biosecurity Queensland; Eco-sciences Precinct; Brisbane Queensland 4102 Australia
| | - Kerri Moore
- CSIRO Health and Biosecurity; Eco-sciences Precinct; Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - Jason Callander
- Invasive Plant and Animal Science Unit; Department of Agriculture and Fisheries; Biosecurity Queensland; Eco-sciences Precinct; Brisbane Queensland 4102 Australia
| | - Shane Campbell
- Invasive Plant and Animal Science Unit; Department of Agriculture and Fisheries; Biosecurity Queensland; Tropical Weeds Research Centre; Charters Towers Queensland Australia
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences; The University of Queensland; Gatton Queensland Australia
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McManamen C, Nelson CR, Wagner V. Timing of seeding after herbicide application influences rates of germination and seedling biomass of native plants used for grassland restoration. Restor Ecol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.12679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christine McManamen
- W. A. Franke College of Forestry and Conservation; University of Montana; Missoula MT 59802 U.S.A
| | - Cara R. Nelson
- W. A. Franke College of Forestry and Conservation; University of Montana; Missoula MT 59802 U.S.A
| | - Viktoria Wagner
- Department of Botany and Zoology; Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2; Brno CZ 61137 Czech Republic
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Lekberg Y, Wagner V, Rummel A, McLeod M, Ramsey PW. Strong indirect herbicide effects on mycorrhizal associations through plant community shifts and secondary invasions. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2017; 27:2359-2368. [PMID: 28851018 DOI: 10.1002/eap.1613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Revised: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Million of acres of U.S. wildlands are sprayed with herbicides to control invasive species, but relatively little is known about non-target effects of herbicide use. We combined greenhouse, field, and laboratory experiments involving the invasive forb spotted knapweed (Centaurea stoebe) and native bunchgrasses to assess direct and indirect effects of the forb-specific herbicide picloram on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), which are beneficial soil fungi that colonize most plants. Picloram had no effect on bunchgrass viability and their associated AMF in the greenhouse, but killed spotted knapweed and reduced AMF colonization of a subsequent host grown. Results were similar in the field where AMF abundance in bunchgrass-dominated plots was unaffected by herbicides one year after spraying based on 16:1ω5 phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) and neutral lipid fatty acid (NLFA) concentrations. In spotted-knapweed-dominated plots, however, picloram application shifted dominance from spotted knapweed, a good AMF host, to bulbous bluegrass (Poa bulbosa), a poor AMF host. This coincided with a 63% reduction in soil 16:1ω5 NLFA concentrations but no reduction of 16:1ω5 PLFA. Because 16:1ω5 NLFA quantifies AMF storage lipids and 16:1ω5 PLFA occurs in AMF membrane lipids, we speculate that the herbicide-mediated reduction in host quality reduced fungal carbon storage, but not necessarily fungal abundance after one year in the field. Overall, in greenhouse and field experiments, AMF were only affected when picloram altered host quantity and quality. This apparent lack of direct effect was supported by our in-vitro trial where picloram applied to AMF mycelia did not reduce fungal biomass and viability. We show that the herbicide picloram can have profound, indirect effects on AMF within one year. Depending on herbicide-mediated shifts in host quality, rapid interventions may be necessary post herbicide applications to prevent loss of AMF abundance. Future research should assess consequences of these potential shifts for the restoration of native plants that differ in mycorrhizal dependency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ylva Lekberg
- MPG Ranch, 1001 South Higgins Avenue, Suite A3, Missoula, Montana, 59801, USA
- Department of Ecosystem and Conservation Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, 59802, USA
| | - Viktoria Wagner
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, CZ-611 37, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Alexii Rummel
- MPG Ranch, 1001 South Higgins Avenue, Suite A3, Missoula, Montana, 59801, USA
| | - Morgan McLeod
- MPG Ranch, 1001 South Higgins Avenue, Suite A3, Missoula, Montana, 59801, USA
| | - Philip W Ramsey
- MPG Ranch, 1001 South Higgins Avenue, Suite A3, Missoula, Montana, 59801, USA
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26
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Management of invasive Phragmites australis in the Adirondacks: a cautionary tale about prospects of eradication. Biol Invasions 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-017-1513-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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