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Suding KN, Collins CG, Hallett LM, Larios L, Brigham LM, Dudney J, Farrer EC, Larson JE, Shackelford N, Spasojevic MJ. Biodiversity in changing environments: An external-driver internal-topology framework to guide intervention. Ecology 2024; 105:e4322. [PMID: 39014865 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.4322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
Accompanying the climate crisis is the more enigmatic biodiversity crisis. Rapid reorganization of biodiversity due to global environmental change has defied prediction and tested the basic tenets of conservation and restoration. Conceptual and practical innovation is needed to support decision making in the face of these unprecedented shifts. Critical questions include: How can we generalize biodiversity change at the community level? When are systems able to reorganize and maintain integrity, and when does abiotic change result in collapse or restructuring? How does this understanding provide a template to guide when and how to intervene in conservation and restoration? To this end, we frame changes in community organization as the modulation of external abiotic drivers on the internal topology of species interactions, using plant-plant interactions in terrestrial communities as a starting point. We then explore how this framing can help translate available data on species abundance and trait distributions to corresponding decisions in management. Given the expectation that community response and reorganization are highly complex, the external-driver internal-topology (EDIT) framework offers a way to capture general patterns of biodiversity that can help guide resilience and adaptation in changing environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharine N Suding
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
- Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Courtney G Collins
- Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
- Biodiversity Research Centre, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Lauren M Hallett
- Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
- Department of Biology and Environmental Studies Program, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, USA
| | - Loralee Larios
- Department of Botany & Plant Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Laurel M Brigham
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
- Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Joan Dudney
- Environmental Studies Program, Santa Barbara, California, USA
- Bren School of Environmental Science & Management, UC Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, USA
| | - Emily C Farrer
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Julie E Larson
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
- Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
- USDA Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Oregon Agricultural Research Center, Burns, Oregon, USA
| | - Nancy Shackelford
- Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
- School of Environmental Studies, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Marko J Spasojevic
- Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
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2
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Zhao Z, Zhang L, Yuan L, Bouma TJ. Seed settling and trapping during submerged secondary dispersal: Implications for saltmarsh recruitment and restoration. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 348:119301. [PMID: 37837761 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
Given the decline of global salt marshes, there is a pressing need to pinpoint the key processes that limit and facilitate seed-based pioneer recruitment. Secondary seed dispersal, in the form of short-distance submerged movement, is a prerequisite for initiating pioneer establishment in adjacent tidal flats but has not been fully appreciated and understood. In this study, using a settling tube and race-track flume, seeds of four global occurring saltmarsh species were studied in terms of their settlement speed and trapping opportunity to understand how seed traits and physical settings affect submerged dispersal behavior and thus seed-based saltmarsh recruitment. Present study led to the following novel insights: 1) Seeds have density-dependent settling speeds, which are comparable to that of fine sand, but much faster than that of very fine sand and silt. Since the latter is the type of sediment commonly found in many estuaries worldwide (such as the Scheldt), seeds will typically settle faster than local sediments. A sufficiently long hydrodynamic-calm period allows slowly settling sediment to bury settled seeds, otherwise, seeds will remain uncovered if the period is short. 2) Seed trapping ratio increased linearly with surface roughness (a proxy for local topographic complexity), but this effect becomes smaller with increasing hydrodynamic intensity. Seed drag coefficient was identified as the key biotic factor contributing to interspecies variability in trapping ratio. Overall, present results suggest that submerged seed dispersal may form a primary bottleneck for salt marsh recruitment by limiting seed availability via two mechanisms: i) reduced chance of seed burial through asynchronous settling of seeds and sediment particles; ii) reduced probability of seed trapping due to encountering smooth tidal flat surfaces. This study provide mechanistic and data basis for the targeted application of biophysical models in predicting outcomes of saltmarsh recruitment and long-term maintenance, thereby informing seed-based conservation and restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, Institute of Eco-Chongming, Center for Blue Carbon Science and Technology, East China Normal University, 200241, Shanghai, China; Department of Estuarine and Delta Systems, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, 4401 NT, Yerseke, the Netherlands; Faculty of Geosciences, Department of Physical Geography, Utrecht University, 3584 CB, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Liquan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, Institute of Eco-Chongming, Center for Blue Carbon Science and Technology, East China Normal University, 200241, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, Institute of Eco-Chongming, Center for Blue Carbon Science and Technology, East China Normal University, 200241, Shanghai, China; Yangtze Delta Estuarine Wetland Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, 202162, Shanghai, China.
| | - Tjeerd J Bouma
- Department of Estuarine and Delta Systems, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, 4401 NT, Yerseke, the Netherlands; Faculty of Geosciences, Department of Physical Geography, Utrecht University, 3584 CB, Utrecht, the Netherlands; HZ University of Applied Sciences, Building with Nature Group, 4382 NW, Vlissingen, the Netherlands.
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3
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Hallett LM, Aoyama L, Barabás G, Gilbert B, Larios L, Shackelford N, Werner CM, Godoy O, Ladouceur ER, Lucero JE, Weiss-Lehman CP, Chase JM, Chu C, Harpole WS, Mayfield MM, Faist AM, Shoemaker LG. Restoration ecology through the lens of coexistence theory. Trends Ecol Evol 2023; 38:1085-1096. [PMID: 37468343 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2023.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Advances in restoration ecology are needed to guide ecological restoration in a variable and changing world. Coexistence theory provides a framework for how variability in environmental conditions and species interactions affects species success. Here, we conceptually link coexistence theory and restoration ecology. First, including low-density growth rates (LDGRs), a classic metric of coexistence, can improve abundance-based restoration goals, because abundances are sensitive to initial treatments and ongoing variability. Second, growth-rate partitioning, developed to identify coexistence mechanisms, can improve restoration practice by informing site selection and indicating necessary interventions (e.g., site amelioration or competitor removal). Finally, coexistence methods can improve restoration assessment, because initial growth rates indicate trajectories, average growth rates measure success, and growth partitioning highlights interventions needed in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M Hallett
- Department of Biology and Environmental Studies Program, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA.
| | - Lina Aoyama
- Department of Biology and Environmental Studies Program, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
| | - György Barabás
- Division of Ecological and Environmental Modeling (ECOMOD), Dept. IFM, Linköping University, SE-58183 Linköping, Sweden; Institute of Evolution, Centre for Ecological Research, 1121 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Benjamin Gilbert
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2, Canada
| | - Loralee Larios
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Nancy Shackelford
- School of Environmental Studies, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Chhaya M Werner
- University of Wyoming, Botany Department, Laramie, WY 82071, USA; Department of Environmental Science, Policy, & Sustainability, Southern Oregon University, Ashland, OR 97520, USA
| | - Oscar Godoy
- Departamento de Biología, Instituto Universitario de Investigación Marina (INMAR), Universidad de Cádiz, E-11510 Puerto Real, Spain
| | - Emma R Ladouceur
- Helmholtz Center for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Physiological Diversity, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Puschstrasse 4, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jacob E Lucero
- Department of Rangeland, Wildlife, and Fisheries Management, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | | | - Jonathan M Chase
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Puschstrasse 4, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Chengjin Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Ecology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - W Stanley Harpole
- Helmholtz Center for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Physiological Diversity, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Puschstrasse 4, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, am Kirchtor 1, 06108 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Margaret M Mayfield
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Akasha M Faist
- Department of Animal and Range Sciences, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA; Department of Ecosystem and Conservation Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA
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Aoyama L, Shoemaker LG, Gilbert B, Collinge SK, Faist AM, Shackelford N, Temperton VM, Barabás G, Larios L, Ladouceur E, Godoy O, Bowler C, Hallett LM. Application of modern coexistence theory to rare plant restoration provides early indication of restoration trajectories. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2022; 32:e2649. [PMID: 35560687 PMCID: PMC9787931 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Restoration ecology commonly seeks to re-establish species of interest in degraded habitats. Despite a rich understanding of how succession influences re-establishment, there are several outstanding questions that remain unaddressed: are short-term abundances sufficient to determine long-term re-establishment success, and what factors contribute to unpredictable restorations outcomes? In other words, when restoration fails, is it because the restored habitat is substandard, because of strong competition with invasive species, or alternatively due to changing environmental conditions that would equally impact established populations? Here, we re-purpose tools developed from modern coexistence theory to address these questions, and apply them to an effort to restore the endangered Contra Costa goldfields (Lasthenia conjugens) in constructed ("restored") California vernal pools. Using 16 years of data, we construct a population model of L. conjugens, a species of conservation concern due primarily to habitat loss and invasion of exotic grasses. We show that initial, short-term appearances of restoration success from population abundances is misleading, as year-to-year fluctuations cause long-term population growth rates to fall below zero. The failure of constructed pools is driven by lower maximum growth rates compared with reference ("natural") pools, coupled with a stronger negative sensitivity to annual fluctuations in abiotic conditions that yield decreased maximum growth rates. Nonetheless, our modeling shows that fluctuations in competition (mainly with exotic grasses) benefit L. conjugens through periods of competitive release, especially in constructed pools of intermediate pool depth. We therefore show how reductions in invasives and seed addition in pools of particular depths could change the outcome of restoration for L. conjugens. By applying a largely theoretical framework to the urgent goal of ecological restoration, our study provides a blueprint for predicting restoration success, and identifies future actions to reverse species loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Aoyama
- Biology DepartmentUniversity of OregonEugeneOregonUSA
- Environmental Studies ProgramUniversity of OregonEugeneOregonUSA
| | | | - Benjamin Gilbert
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
| | | | - Akasha M. Faist
- Department of Animal and Range SciencesNew Mexico State UniversityLas CrucesNew MexicoUSA
| | - Nancy Shackelford
- School of Environmental StudiesUniversity of VictoriaVictoriaBritish ColumbiaCanada
- Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of Colorado BoulderBoulderColoradoUSA
| | | | - György Barabás
- Division of Theoretical Biology, Department of IFMLinköping UniversityLinköpingSweden
- MTA‐ELTE Theoretical Biology and Evolutionary Ecology Research GroupBudapestHungary
| | - Loralee Larios
- Department of Botany and Plant SciencesUniversity of California RiversideRiversideCaliforniaUSA
| | - Emma Ladouceur
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Leipzig‐Halle‐JenaLeipzigGermany
- Department of Physiological DiversityHelmholtz Centre for Environmental Research –UFZLeipzigGermany
| | - Oscar Godoy
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación Marina (INMAR), Dpto de BiologíaPuerto RealSpain
| | - Catherine Bowler
- School of Biological Sciences University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Lauren M. Hallett
- Biology DepartmentUniversity of OregonEugeneOregonUSA
- Environmental Studies ProgramUniversity of OregonEugeneOregonUSA
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5
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Tortorelli CM, Kerns BK, Krawchuk MA. The invasive annual grass Ventenata dubia is insensitive to experimental removal of above-ground resident biomass across a productivity gradient. Biol Invasions 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-022-02823-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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6
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Capdevila P, Noviello N, McRae L, Freeman R, Clements CF. Global patterns of resilience decline in vertebrate populations. Ecol Lett 2021; 25:240-251. [PMID: 34784650 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Maintaining the resilience of natural populations, their ability to resist and recover from disturbance, is crucial to prevent biodiversity loss. However, the lack of appropriate data and quantitative tools has hampered our understanding of the factors determining resilience on a global scale. Here, we quantified the temporal trends of two key components of resilience-resistance and recovery-in >2000 population time-series of >1000 vertebrate species globally. We show that the number of threats to which a population is exposed is the main driver of resilience decline in vertebrate populations. Such declines are driven by a non-uniform loss of different components of resilience (i.e. resistance and recovery). Increased anthropogenic threats accelerating resilience loss through a decline in the recovery ability-but not resistance-of vertebrate populations. These findings suggest we may be underestimating the impacts of global change, highlighting the need to account for the multiple components of resilience in global biodiversity assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pol Capdevila
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Nicola Noviello
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Louise McRae
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, London, UK
| | - Robin Freeman
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, London, UK
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7
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Read HJ, Bealey CE. The restoration of heathland and mire from secondary woodland: How realistic are target vegetation communities? J Nat Conserv 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnc.2020.125943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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8
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Davies KW, Leger EA, Boyd CS, Hallett LM. Living with exotic annual grasses in the sagebrush ecosystem. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 288:112417. [PMID: 33765575 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Exotic annual grasses dominate millions of hectares and increase fire frequency in the sagebrush ecosystem of North America. This devastating invasion is so costly and challenging to revegetate with perennial vegetation that restoration efforts need to be prioritized and strategically implemented. Management needs to break the annual grass-fire cycle and prevent invasion of new areas, while research is needed to improve restoration success. Under current land management and climate regimes, extensive areas will remain annual grasslands, because of their expansiveness and the low probability of transition to perennial dominance. We propose referring to these communities as Intermountain West Annual Grasslands, recognizing that they are a stable state and require different management goals and objectives than perennial-dominated systems. We need to learn to live with annual grasslands, reducing their costs and increasing benefits derived from them, at the same time maintaining landscape-level plant diversity that could allow transition to perennial dominance under future scenarios. To accomplish this task, we propose a framework and research to improve our ability to live with exotic annual grasses in the sagebrush biome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirk W Davies
- Eastern Oregon Agricultural Research Center, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, 67826-A Hwy 205, Burns, OR, 97720, USA.
| | - Elizabeth A Leger
- Department of Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, 1664 N. Virginia St., Reno, NV, 89557, USA
| | - Chad S Boyd
- Eastern Oregon Agricultural Research Center, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, 67826-A Hwy 205, Burns, OR, 97720, USA
| | - Lauren M Hallett
- Department of Biology and Environmental Studies Program, University of Oregon, 12010 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, 97405, USA
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Abstract
This study estimates demographic resilience in local socioeconomic systems of Southern Europe using long-term population dynamics. We assume attractive places with a continuously expanding (resident) population as ‘demographically resilient’, and locations experiencing a persistent decline of population as more fragile to external shocks. Based on these premises, a comprehensive assessment of demographic resilience in more than 1000 municipalities along the urban–rural gradient in Greece, a Mediterranean country with marked regional disparities, was carried out between 1961 and 2011. Municipalities were considered representative of homogeneous local communities, especially in rural areas. The results of non-parametric correlations suggest how basic geographical gradients (coastal–inland and urban–rural) have significantly influenced the demographic resilience of Greek municipalities. These findings outline two contrasting spatial patterns that reflect (i) continuous expansion of peri-urban local communities and (ii) a particularly intense rural shrinkage, linking depopulation to land abandonment and scarce accessibility of inland districts. While long-term population growth in Greece has progressively re-shaped the intrinsic divide in urban and rural areas, the traditional gap in central and peripheral districts is still reflected in the spatial polarization between the ‘demographically resilient’, socially dynamic coastal locations and the ‘demographically fragile’ inland, economically marginal places. These results indicate the persistence of a center–periphery model characterizing long-term settlement expansion in Greece, with spatial patterns delineating ‘resilient’ and ‘fragile’ districts based essentially on infrastructures, accessibility, and amenities.
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10
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Hallett LM, Shoemaker LG, White CT, Suding KN. Rainfall variability maintains grass-forb species coexistence. Ecol Lett 2019; 22:1658-1667. [PMID: 31298471 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Environmental variability can structure species coexistence by enhancing niche partitioning. Modern coexistence theory highlights two fluctuation-dependent temporal coexistence mechanisms -the storage effect and relative nonlinearity - but empirical tests are rare. Here, we experimentally test if environmental fluctuations enhance coexistence in a California annual grassland. We manipulate rainfall timing and relative densities of the grass Avena barbata and forb Erodium botrys, parameterise a demographic model, and partition coexistence mechanisms. Rainfall variability was integral to grass-forb coexistence. Variability enhanced growth rates of both species, and early-season drought was essential for Erodium persistence. While theoretical developments have focused on the storage effect, it was not critical for coexistence. In comparison, relative nonlinearity strongly stabilised coexistence, where Erodium experienced disproportionately high growth under early-season drought due to competitive release from Avena. Our results underscore the importance of environmental variability and suggest that relative nonlinearity is a critical if underappreciated coexistence mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M Hallett
- Environmental Studies Program and Department of Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, 97403, USA
| | | | - Caitlin T White
- Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Katharine N Suding
- Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
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Shriver RK, Andrews CM, Arkle RS, Barnard DM, Duniway MC, Germino MJ, Pilliod DS, Pyke DA, Welty JL, Bradford JB. Transient population dynamics impede restoration and may promote ecosystem transformation after disturbance. Ecol Lett 2019; 22:1357-1366. [DOI: 10.1111/ele.13291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert K. Shriver
- U.S. Geological SurveySouthwest Biological Science Center2255 N Gemini Rd Flagstaff AZ USA
| | - Caitlin M. Andrews
- U.S. Geological SurveySouthwest Biological Science Center2255 N Gemini Rd Flagstaff AZ USA
| | - Robert S. Arkle
- U.S. Geological SurveyForest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center970 S Lusk St Boise ID USA
| | - David M. Barnard
- U.S. Geological SurveyForest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center970 S Lusk St Boise ID USA
| | - Michael C. Duniway
- U.S. Geological SurveySouthwest Biological Science Center2290 Resource Blvd Moab UT USA
| | - Matthew J. Germino
- U.S. Geological SurveyForest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center970 S Lusk St Boise ID USA
| | - David S. Pilliod
- U.S. Geological SurveyForest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center970 S Lusk St Boise ID USA
| | - David A. Pyke
- U.S. Geological Survey Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center 3200 SW Jefferson Way Corvallis OR USA
| | - Justin L. Welty
- U.S. Geological SurveyForest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center970 S Lusk St Boise ID USA
| | - John B. Bradford
- U.S. Geological SurveySouthwest Biological Science Center2255 N Gemini Rd Flagstaff AZ USA
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12
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars A. Brudvig
- Department of Plant Biology and Program in Ecology; Evolutionary Biology and Behavior; Michigan State University; 612 Wilson Road, Room 368 East Lansing MI 48824 USA
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13
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Brudvig LA, Barak RS, Bauer JT, Caughlin TT, Laughlin DC, Larios L, Matthews JW, Stuble KL, Turley NE, Zirbel CR. Interpreting variation to advance predictive restoration science. J Appl Ecol 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.12938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lars A. Brudvig
- Department of Plant Biology and Program in Ecology, Evolutionary Biology and Behavior Michigan State University 612 Wilson Rd Room 368 East Lansing MI 48824 USA
| | - Rebecca S. Barak
- Program in Plant Biology and Conservation Northwestern University O.T. Hogan Hall Room 6‐140B 2205 Tech Drive Evanston IL 60208 USA
- Plant Science and Conservation Chicago Botanic Garden 1000 Lake Cook Road Glencoe IL 60022 USA
| | | | - T. Trevor Caughlin
- School of Forest Resources and Conservation University of Florida Gainesville FL 32601 USA
| | - Daniel C. Laughlin
- Department of Botany University of Wyoming 1000 University Ave Laramie WY 82071 USA
| | - Loralee Larios
- Department of Botany & Plant Sciences University of California 2140 Bachelor Hall Riverside CA 92521 USA
| | - Jeffrey W. Matthews
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign 1102 South Goodwin Avenue Urbana IL 61801 USA
| | | | - Nash E. Turley
- Department of Plant Biology and Program in Ecology, Evolutionary Biology and Behavior Michigan State University 612 Wilson Rd Room 368 East Lansing MI 48824 USA
| | - Chad R. Zirbel
- Department of Plant Biology and Program in Ecology, Evolutionary Biology and Behavior Michigan State University 612 Wilson Rd Room 368 East Lansing MI 48824 USA
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