1
|
Orikpete OF, Dennis NM, Kikanme KN, Ewim DRE. Advancing noise management in aviation: Strategic approaches for preventing noise-induced hearing loss. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 363:121413. [PMID: 38850921 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.121413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
As urbanization and population growth escalate, the challenge of noise pollution intensifies, particularly within the aviation industry. This review examines current insights into noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) in aviation, highlighting the risks to pilots, cabin crew, aircraft maintenance engineers, and ground staff from continuous exposure to high-level noise. It evaluates existing noise management and hearing conservation strategies, identifying key obstacles and exploring new technological solutions. While progress in developing protective devices and noise control technologies is evident, gaps in their widespread implementation persist. The study underscores the need for an integrated strategy combining regulatory compliance, technological advances, and targeted educational efforts. It advocates for global collaboration and policy development to safeguard the auditory health of aviation workers and proposes a strategic framework to enhance hearing conservation practices within the unique challenges of the aviation sector.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ochuko Felix Orikpete
- Centre for Occupational Health, Safety and Environment (COHSE), University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Rivers State, Nigeria
| | - Nicole M Dennis
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, University of Florida, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hom KN, Quigley TD, Rodriguez RD, Gdanski SG, Lazrinth XI, Jones R, Forlano PM. Characterization of anthropogenic noise and oyster toadfish (Opsanus tau) calling behavior in urban and small-town coastal soundscapesa). THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2024; 155:1230-1239. [PMID: 38341750 DOI: 10.1121/10.0024763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
The oyster toadfish (Opsanus tau) is an ideal model to examine the effects of anthropogenic noise on behavior because they rely on acoustic signals for mate attraction and social interactions. We predict that oyster toadfish have acclimated to living in noise-rich environments because they are common in waterways of urban areas, like New York City (NYC). We used passive acoustic monitoring at two locations to see if calling behavior patterns are altered in areas of typically high boat traffic versus low boat traffic (Pier 40, NYC, NY, and Eel Pond, Woods Hole, MA, respectively). We hypothesized that toadfish in NYC would adjust their circadian calling behavior in response to daily anthropogenic noise patterns. We quantified toadfish calls and ship noise over three 24-h periods in the summer reproductive period at both locations. We observed an inverse relationship between the duration of noise and the number of toadfish calls at Pier 40 in comparison to Eel Pond. Additionally, toadfish at Pier 40 showed significant differences in peak calling behavior compared to Eel Pond. Therefore, oyster toadfish may have acclimated to living in an urban environment by potentially altering their communication behavior in the presence of boat noise.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey N Hom
- Subprogram in Ecology, Evolutionary Biology and Behavior, The Graduate Center, City University of New York (CUNY), New York, New York 10031, USA
| | - Thomas D Quigley
- Subprogram in Ecology, Evolutionary Biology and Behavior, The Graduate Center, City University of New York (CUNY), New York, New York 10031, USA
| | - Rachel D Rodriguez
- Department of Biology, Brooklyn College, City University of New York (CUNY), Brooklyn, New York 11210, USA
| | - Sydney G Gdanski
- Department of Biology, Brooklyn College, City University of New York (CUNY), Brooklyn, New York 11210, USA
| | - Xylo I Lazrinth
- Department of Biology, Brooklyn College, City University of New York (CUNY), Brooklyn, New York 11210, USA
| | | | - Paul M Forlano
- Subprogram in Ecology, Evolutionary Biology and Behavior, The Graduate Center, City University of New York (CUNY), New York, New York 10031, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Richard G, Mathias D, Collin J, Chauvaud L, Bonnel J. Three-dimensional anthropogenic underwater noise modeling in an Arctic fjord for acoustic risk assessment. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 187:114487. [PMID: 36584437 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.114487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Sea-ice covering is drastically declining in the Arctic, opening new maritime routes and thus introducing underwater noise pollution in nearly pristine acoustic environments. Evaluating underwater noise pollution requires good acoustic propagation modeling to predict sound exposure levels. However, underwater noise modeling for acoustic risk assessments has often been carried out using simplistic propagation models, which approximate a 3D propagation in several planes (Nx2D), instead of using full 3D propagation models. However, Nx2D propagation models are impractical for winding geography and steep bathymetry as found in Arctic fjords. The purpose of this study is to estimate disturbance and masking effects on Arctic animal species from shipping noises, modeled through a traditional Nx2D BELLHOP model and a full 3D BELLHOP model. Classical Nx2D propagation modeling largely underestimates the anthropogenic noise footprint in Arctic fjords compared to using a full 3D propagation model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gaëtan Richard
- Société d'Observation Multi-Modale de l'Environnement, 38 rue Jim Sevellec, 29200 Brest, France; Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR), UMR 6539 UBO/CNRS/IRD/Ifremer, Technopôle Brest Iroise rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280 Plouzané, France.
| | - Delphine Mathias
- Société d'Observation Multi-Modale de l'Environnement, 38 rue Jim Sevellec, 29200 Brest, France
| | - Jérémy Collin
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR), UMR 6539 UBO/CNRS/IRD/Ifremer, Technopôle Brest Iroise rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Laurent Chauvaud
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR), UMR 6539 UBO/CNRS/IRD/Ifremer, Technopôle Brest Iroise rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Julien Bonnel
- Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Applied Ocean Physics and Engineering Department, 266 Woods Hole Rd, Woods Hole, MA 02543-1050, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Merchant ND, Putland RL, André M, Baudin E, Felli M, Slabbekoorn H, Dekeling R. A decade of underwater noise research in support of the European Marine Strategy Framework Directive. OCEAN & COASTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 228:None. [PMID: 36133796 PMCID: PMC9472084 DOI: 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2022.106299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Underwater noise from human activities is now widely recognised as a threat to marine life. Nevertheless, legislation which directly addresses this source of pollution is lacking. The first (and currently only) example globally is Descriptor 11 of the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD), adopted by the European Union in 2008, which requires that levels of underwater noise pollution do not adversely affect marine ecosystems. The MSFD has stimulated a concerted research effort across Europe to develop noise monitoring programmes and to conduct research towards specifying threshold values which would define 'Good Environmental Status' (GES) for underwater noise. Here, we chart the progress made during the first decade of Descriptor 11's implementation: 2010-2020. Several international joint monitoring programmes have been established for impulsive and continuous noise, enabling ecosystem-scale assessment for the first time. Research into the impact of noise on individual animals has grown exponentially, demonstrating a range of adverse effects at various trophic levels. However, threshold values for GES must be defined for 'populations of marine animals.' Population-level consequences of noise exposure can be modelled, but data to parameterise such models are currently unavailable for most species, suggesting that alternative approaches to defining GES thresholds will be necessary. To date, the application of measures to reduce noise levels (quieting/noise abatement) has been limited. To address this, the EU in 2021 identified an explicit need to reduce underwater noise pollution in its waters. Delivering on this ambition will require further research focused on the development and implementation of quieting measures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathan D. Merchant
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries & Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Lowestoft, UK
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Rosalyn L. Putland
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries & Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Lowestoft, UK
| | - Michel André
- Laboratory of Applied Bioacoustics, Technical University of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Mario Felli
- Institute of Marine Engineering (INM), National Research Council (CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Hans Slabbekoorn
- Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
van Geel NCF, Risch D, Wittich A. A brief overview of current approaches for underwater sound analysis and reporting. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 178:113610. [PMID: 35468578 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Soundscapes have substantially changed since the industrial revolution and in response to biodiversity loss and climate change. Human activities such as shipping, resource exploration and offshore construction alter natural ecosystems through sound, which can impact marine species in complex ways. The study of underwater sound is multi-disciplinary, spanning the fields of acoustics, physics, animal physiology and behaviour to marine ecology and conservation. These different backgrounds have led to the use of various disparate terms, metrics, and summary statistics, which can hamper comparisons between studies. Different types of equipment, analytical pathways, and reporting can lead to different results for the same sound source, with implications for impact assessments. For meaningful comparisons and derivation of appropriate thresholds, mitigation, and management approaches, it is necessary to develop common standards. This paper presents a brief overview of acoustic metrics, analysis approaches and reporting standards used in the context of long-term monitoring of soundscapes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nienke C F van Geel
- Scottish Association for Marine Science (SAMS), Oban, Argyll, PA37 1QA, Scotland, United Kingdom.
| | - Denise Risch
- Scottish Association for Marine Science (SAMS), Oban, Argyll, PA37 1QA, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Anja Wittich
- Scottish Association for Marine Science (SAMS), Oban, Argyll, PA37 1QA, Scotland, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Marotte E, Wright AJ, Breeze H, Wingfield J, Matthews LP, Risch D, Merchant ND, Barclay D, Evers C, Lawson J, Lesage V, Moors-Murphy H, Nolet V, Theriault JA. Recommended metrics for quantifying underwater noise impacts on North Atlantic right whales. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 175:113361. [PMID: 35077924 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic underwater noise has been identified as a potentially serious stressor for the critically endangered North Atlantic right whale (NARW). The Government of Canada is undertaking steps to better characterize the noise sources of most concern and their associated impacts, but there is currently an insufficient understanding of which noise sources are most impacting NARW in their Canadian habitat. This knowledge gap together with the myriad possible methods and metrics for quantifying underwater noise presents a confounding and challenging problem that risks delaying timely mitigation. This study presents the results from a 2020 workshop aimed at developing a series of metrics recommended specifically for better characterizing the types of noise deemed of greatest concern for NARW in Canadian waters. The recommendations provide a basis for more targeted research on noise impacts and set the stage for more effective management and protection of NARW, with potential conservation applications to similar species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emmaline Marotte
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Bedford Institute of Oceanography, 1 Challenger Drive, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada
| | - Andrew J Wright
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Bedford Institute of Oceanography, 1 Challenger Drive, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada.
| | - Heather Breeze
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Bedford Institute of Oceanography, 1 Challenger Drive, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada
| | - Jessica Wingfield
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Bedford Institute of Oceanography, 1 Challenger Drive, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada
| | - Leanna P Matthews
- Sound Science Research Collective, 5305 N. Douglas Highway, Juneau, AK 99801, USA
| | - Denise Risch
- Scottish Association for Marine Science, Oban PA37 1QA, Scotland, UK
| | - Nathan D Merchant
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries & Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Pakefield Road, Lowestoft NR33 0HT, Suffolk, UK
| | - David Barclay
- Department of Oceanography, Dalhousie University, 1355 Oxford Street, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Clair Evers
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Bedford Institute of Oceanography, 1 Challenger Drive, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada
| | - Jack Lawson
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Centre, 80 East White Hills Road, St. John's, NL A1C 5X1, Canada
| | - Veronique Lesage
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Maurice Lamontagne Institute, P.O. Box 1000, 850 route de la Mer, Mont-Joli, QC G5H 3Z4, Canada
| | - Hilary Moors-Murphy
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Bedford Institute of Oceanography, 1 Challenger Drive, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada
| | - Veronique Nolet
- Transport Canada, Innovation Centre, 330 Sparks Street, Ottawa, ON K1A 0N5, Canada
| | - James A Theriault
- Ocean Environmental Consulting, 9 Ravine Park Crescent, Halifax, NS B3M 4S6, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Haddaji N. Environmental contaminants and antibiotic resistance as a One Health threat. One Health 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-822794-7.00010-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
|
8
|
Yang L, Sharpe M, Temple AJ, Berggren P. Characterization and comparison of echolocation clicks of white-beaked dolphins (Lagenorhynchus albirostris) off the Northumberland coast, UK. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2021; 149:1498. [PMID: 33765828 DOI: 10.1121/10.0003560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Odontocetes produce ultrasonic clicks for navigation and foraging. These are commonly categorized as regular or buzz clicks based on the inter-click interval. Buzz clicks are linked to foraging behaviors and may be subdivided into slow buzz clicks for prey chase, and regular buzz clicks for prey capture. This study recorded these three click types produced by white-beaked dolphins (Lagenorhynchus albirostris) off the Northumberland coast, UK. Acoustic parameters (including duration, centroid frequency, and root-mean-squared bandwidth) were calculated and compared across the three click types. The results showed that the regular clicks had shorter durations and higher frequencies than both the buzz click types. The regular buzz clicks had longer durations, lower frequencies, and narrower bandwidths than the slow buzz clicks. Additionally, regardless of click type, about 30% of the clicks had high-frequency (200-250 kHz) secondary peaks and >90% of the clicks displayed spectral peak and notch patterns between 20 and 80 kHz. These findings are useful for future quantitative assessment of the echolocation performance of white-beaked dolphins in the wild. The patterns of spectral peaks and notches identified may facilitate for acoustic identification of this species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liangliang Yang
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
| | - Matt Sharpe
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J Temple
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
| | - Per Berggren
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Risch D, Calderan S, Leaper R, Weilgart L, Werner S. Current Knowledge Already Justifies Underwater Noise Reduction. Trends Ecol Evol 2021; 36:381-382. [PMID: 33454144 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2020.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Denise Risch
- Scottish Association for Marine Science (SAMS), Oban, Argyll, PA37 1QA, Scotland, UK.
| | - Susannah Calderan
- Scottish Association for Marine Science (SAMS), Oban, Argyll, PA37 1QA, Scotland, UK
| | - Russell Leaper
- International Fund for Animal Welfare (IFAW), London, SE1 8NN, UK
| | - Lindy Weilgart
- OceanCare, 8820 Wädenswil, Switzerland; Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4RS, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Popper AN, Hawkins AD, Thomsen F. Taking the Animals' Perspective Regarding Anthropogenic Underwater Sound. Trends Ecol Evol 2020; 35:787-794. [PMID: 32466956 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2020.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Anthropogenic (man-made) sound has the potential to harm marine biota. Increasing concerns about these effects have led to regulation and mitigation, despite there being few data on which to base environmental management, especially for fishes and invertebrates. We argue that regulation and mitigation should always be developed by looking at potential effects from the perspectives of the animals and ecosystems exposed to the sounds. We contend that there is currently a need for far more data on which to base regulation and mitigation, as well as for deciding on future research priorities. This will require a process whereby regulators and researchers come together to identify and implement a strategy that links key scientific and regulatory questions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arthur N Popper
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Pine MK, Nikolich K, Martin B, Morris C, Juanes F. Assessing auditory masking for management of underwater anthropogenic noise. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2020; 147:3408. [PMID: 32486818 DOI: 10.1121/10.0001218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Masking is often assessed by quantifying changes, due to increasing noise, to an animal's communication or listening range. While the methods used to measure communication or listening ranges are functionally similar if used for vocalizations, they differ in their approaches: communication range is focused on the sender's call, while the listening range is centered on the listener's ability to perceive any signal. How these two methods differ in their use and output is important for management recommendations. Therefore it was investigated how these two methods may alter the conclusions of masking assessments based on Atlantic cod calls in the presence of a commercial air gun array. The two methods diverged with increasing distance from the masking noise source with maximum effects lasting longer between air gun pulses in terms of communication range than listening range. Reductions in the cod's communication ranges were sensitive to fluctuations in the call's source level. That instability was not observed for the listening range. Overall, changes to the cod's communication range were more conservative but very sensitive to the call source level. A high level of confidence in the call is therefore required, while confidence in the receiver's audiogram and soundscape is required for the listening range method.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew K Pine
- Department of Biology, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, British Columbia V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Katrina Nikolich
- Department of Biology, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, British Columbia V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Bruce Martin
- JASCO Applied Sciences, 202-32 Troop Avenue, Dartmouth, Nova Scotia B3B 1Z1, Canada
| | - Corey Morris
- Science Branch, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, P.O. 5667, Saint John's, Newfoundland A1C 5X1, Canada
| | - Francis Juanes
- Department of Biology, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, British Columbia V8P 5C2, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Isojunno S, Wensveen PJ, Lam FPA, Kvadsheim PH, von Benda-Beckmann AM, Martín López LM, Kleivane L, Siegal EM, Miller PJO. When the noise goes on: received sound energy predicts sperm whale responses to both intermittent and continuous navy sonar. J Exp Biol 2020; 223:jeb219741. [PMID: 32107307 PMCID: PMC7157582 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.219741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Anthropogenic noise sources range from intermittent to continuous, with seismic and navy sonar technology moving towards near-continuous transmissions. Continuous active sonar (CAS) may be used at a lower amplitude than traditional pulsed active sonar (PAS), but potentially with greater cumulative sound energy. We conducted at-sea experiments to contrast the effects of navy PAS versus CAS on sperm whale behaviour using animal-attached sound- and movement-recording tags (n=16 individuals) in Norway. Changes in foraging effort and proxies for foraging success and cost during sonar and control exposures were assessed while accounting for baseline variation [individual effects, time of day, bathymetry and blackfish (pilot/killer whale) presence] in generalized additive mixed models (GAMMs). We found no reduction in time spent foraging during exposures to medium-level PAS (MPAS) transmitted at the same peak amplitude as CAS. In contrast, we found similar reductions in foraging during CAS (d.f.=1, F=8.0, P=0.005) and higher amplitude PAS (d.f.=1, F=20.8, P<0.001) when received at similar energy levels integrated over signal duration. These results provide clear support for sound energy over amplitude as the response driver. We discuss the importance of exposure context and the need to measure cumulative sound energy to account for intermittent versus more continuous sources in noise impact assessments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saana Isojunno
- Sea Mammal Research Unit, Scottish Oceans Institute, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY16 8LB, UK
| | - Paul J Wensveen
- Sea Mammal Research Unit, Scottish Oceans Institute, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY16 8LB, UK
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Iceland, Askja, Sturlugata 7, 102 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Frans-Peter A Lam
- Acoustics and Sonar, Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), PO Box 96864 The Hague, 2509 JG, The Netherlands
| | - Petter H Kvadsheim
- Defence Systems Division, Norwegian Defense Research Establishment (FFI), NO-3191 Horten, Norway
| | - Alexander M von Benda-Beckmann
- Acoustics and Sonar, Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), PO Box 96864 The Hague, 2509 JG, The Netherlands
| | - Lucía M Martín López
- Sea Mammal Research Unit, Scottish Oceans Institute, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY16 8LB, UK
| | | | - Eilidh M Siegal
- Sea Mammal Research Unit, Scottish Oceans Institute, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY16 8LB, UK
| | - Patrick J O Miller
- Sea Mammal Research Unit, Scottish Oceans Institute, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY16 8LB, UK
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Hawkins AD, Johnson C, Popper AN. How to set sound exposure criteria for fishes. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2020; 147:1762. [PMID: 32237806 DOI: 10.1121/10.0000907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Underwater sounds from human sources can have detrimental effects upon aquatic animals, including fishes. Thus, it is important to establish sound exposure criteria for fishes, setting out those levels of sound from different sources that have detrimental effects upon them, in order to support current and future protective regulations. This paper considers the gaps in information that must be resolved in order to establish reasonable sound exposure criteria for fishes. The vulnerability of fishes is affected by the characteristics of underwater sounds, which must be taken into account when evaluating effects. The effects that need to be considered include death and injuries, physiological effects, and changes in behavior. Strong emphasis in assessing the effects of sounds has been placed upon the hearing abilities of fishes. However, although hearing has to be taken into account, other actual effects also have to be considered. This paper considers the information gaps that must be filled for the development of future guidelines and criteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony D Hawkins
- The Aquatic Noise Trust, Kincraig, Blairs, Aberdeen, AB12 5YT, United Kingdom
| | | | - Arthur N Popper
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Merchant ND, Andersson MH, Box T, Le Courtois F, Cronin D, Holdsworth N, Kinneging N, Mendes S, Merck T, Mouat J, Norro AMJ, Ollivier B, Pinto C, Stamp P, Tougaard J. Impulsive noise pollution in the Northeast Atlantic: Reported activity during 2015-2017. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2020; 152:110951. [PMID: 32479267 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.110951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Underwater noise pollution from impulsive sources (e.g. explosions, seismic airguns, percussive pile driving) can affect marine fauna through mortality, physical injury, auditory damage, physiological stress, acoustic masking, and behavioural responses. Given the potential for large-scale impact on marine ecosystems, some countries are now monitoring impulsive noise activity, coordinated internationally through Regional Seas Conventions. Here, we assess impulsive noise activity in the Northeast Atlantic reported during 2015-2017 to the first international impulsive noise register (INR), established in 2016 under the OSPAR Convention. Seismic airgun surveys were the dominant noise source (67%-83% of annual activity) and declined by 38% during 2015-2017. Reported pile driving activity increased 46%. Explosions and sonar/acoustic deterrent devices both had overall increases in reported activity. Some increases were attributable to more comprehensive reporting in later years. We discuss utilising the INR for risk assessment, target setting, and forward planning, and the implementation of similar systems in other regions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathan D Merchant
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries & Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Lowestoft, UK.
| | | | - Tetrienne Box
- Joint Nature Conservation Committee (JNCC), Aberdeen, UK
| | - Florent Le Courtois
- Service hydrographique et océanographique de la Marine (SHOM), Brest, France
| | - Dónal Cronin
- Department of Housing, Planning and Local Government, Cork, Ireland
| | - Neil Holdsworth
- International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES), Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Sónia Mendes
- Joint Nature Conservation Committee (JNCC), Aberdeen, UK
| | - Thomas Merck
- Federal Agency for Nature Conservation, Putbus, Germany
| | | | - Alain M J Norro
- Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences (RBINS), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Benjamin Ollivier
- Service hydrographique et océanographique de la Marine (SHOM), Brest, France
| | - Carlos Pinto
- International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES), Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
The effect of biological and anthropogenic sound on the auditory sensitivity of oyster toadfish, Opsanus tau. J Comp Physiol A Neuroethol Sens Neural Behav Physiol 2019; 206:1-14. [PMID: 31823003 DOI: 10.1007/s00359-019-01381-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Many aquatic organisms use vocalizations for reproductive behavior; therefore, disruption of their soundscape could adversely affect their life history. Male oyster toadfish (Opsanus tau) establish nests in shallow waters during spring and attract female fish with boatwhistle vocalizations. Males exhibit high nest fidelity, making them susceptible to anthropogenic sound in coastal waters, which could mask their vocalizations and/or reduce auditory sensitivity levels. Additionally, the effect of self-generated boatwhistles on toadfish auditory sensitivity has yet to be addressed. To investigate the effect of sound exposure on toadfish auditory sensitivity, sound pressure and particle acceleration sensitivity curves were determined using auditory evoked potentials before and after (0-, 1-, 3-, 6- and 9-day) exposure to 1- or 12-h of continuous playbacks to ship engine sound or conspecific vocalization. Exposure to boatwhistles had no effect on auditory sensitivity. However, exposure to anthropogenic sound caused significant decreases in auditory sensitivity for at least 3 days, with shifts up to 8 dB SPL and 20 dB SPL immediately following 1- and 12-h anthropogenic exposure, respectively. Understanding the effect of self-generated and anthropogenic sound exposure on auditory sensitivity provides an insight into how soundscapes affect acoustic communication.
Collapse
|
16
|
Graham IM, Merchant ND, Farcas A, Barton TR, Cheney B, Bono S, Thompson PM. Harbour porpoise responses to pile-driving diminish over time. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2019; 6:190335. [PMID: 31312495 PMCID: PMC6599776 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.190335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Estimating impacts of offshore windfarm construction on marine mammals requires data on displacement in relation to different noise levels and sources. Using echolocation detectors and noise recorders, we investigated harbour porpoise behavioural responses to piling noise during the 10-month foundation installation of a North Sea windfarm. Current UK guidance assumes total displacement within 26 km of pile driving. By contrast, we recorded a 50% probability of response within 7.4 km (95% CI = 5.7-9.4) at the first location piled, decreasing to 1.3 km (95% CI = 0.2-2.8) by the final location; representing 28% (95% CI = 21-35) and 18% (95% CI = 13-23) displacement of individuals within 26 km. Distance proved as good a predictor of responses as audiogram-weighted received levels, presenting a more practicable variable for environmental assessments. Critically, acoustic deterrent device (ADD) use and vessel activity increased response levels. Policy and management to minimize impacts of renewables on cetaceans have concentrated on pile-driving noise. Our results highlight the need to consider trade-offs between efforts to reduce far-field behavioural disturbance and near-field injury through ADD use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isla M. Graham
- Lighthouse Field Station, School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, George Street, Cromarty, Ross-shire IV11 8YL, UK
| | - Nathan D. Merchant
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Pakefield Road, Lowestoft NR33 0HT, UK
| | - Adrian Farcas
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Pakefield Road, Lowestoft NR33 0HT, UK
| | - Tim R. Barton
- Lighthouse Field Station, School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, George Street, Cromarty, Ross-shire IV11 8YL, UK
| | - Barbara Cheney
- Lighthouse Field Station, School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, George Street, Cromarty, Ross-shire IV11 8YL, UK
| | - Saliza Bono
- Lighthouse Field Station, School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, George Street, Cromarty, Ross-shire IV11 8YL, UK
| | - Paul M. Thompson
- Lighthouse Field Station, School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, George Street, Cromarty, Ross-shire IV11 8YL, UK
| |
Collapse
|