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Tewari DN, Biswas A, Chakrabarti AK, Dutta S. AMFR promotes innate immunity activation and proteasomal degradation of HMGCR in response to influenza virus infection in A549 cells. Virology 2023; 587:109875. [PMID: 37703797 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2023.109875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Differential regulation of the 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR), which is considered the rate-limiting enzyme of the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway, has been reported in case of infection with many viruses. In our study, we have found that influenza virus infection decreases total cellular cholesterol level which is directly related to the downregulation of HMGCR protein. We found that HMGCR is degraded through ubiquitination and proteasomal-mediated pathway upon viral infection. Upregulation of Autocrine Motility Factor Receptor (AMFR), which is an E3-ubiquitin ligase of HMGCR, was also observed. Furthermore, knockdown of AMFR inhibits ubiquitination of HMGCR and also leads to inactivation of the innate immunity components TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) and Interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3). Our study is the first to show the role of HMGCR and AMFR in influenza virus infection and reveals that AMFR plays a crucial role in the downregulation of HMGCR and the activation of innate immunity following influenza virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devendra Nath Tewari
- Division of Virology, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, 700010, India
| | - Asim Biswas
- Division of Virology, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, 700010, India
| | - Alok Kumar Chakrabarti
- Division of Virology, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, 700010, India.
| | - Shanta Dutta
- Division of Bacteriology, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, 700010, India
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Walker ME, Matthan NR, Solano-Aguilar G, Jang S, Lakshman S, Molokin A, Faits T, Urban JF, Johnson WE, Lamon-Fava S, Lichtenstein AH. A Western-type dietary pattern and atorvastatin induce epicardial adipose tissue interferon signaling in the Ossabaw pig. J Nutr Biochem 2019; 67:212-218. [PMID: 30981985 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2019.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) inflammation is thought to potentiate the development of coronary artery disease (CAD). Overall diet quality and statin therapy are important modulators of inflammation and CAD progression. Our objective was to examine the effects and interaction of dietary patterns and statin therapy on EAT gene expression in the Ossabaw pig. Pigs were randomized to 1 of 4 groups; Heart Healthy diet (high in unsaturated fat, unrefined grain, fruits/vegetables [HHD]) or Western diet (high in saturated fat, cholesterol, refined grain [WD]), with or without atorvastatin. Diets were fed in isocaloric amounts for 6 months. A two-factor edge R analysis identified the differential expression of 21 genes. Relative to the HHD, the WD resulted in a significant 12-fold increase of radical s-adenosyl methionine domain containing 2 (RSAD2), a gene induced by interferon signaling. Atorvastatin led to the significant differential expression of 17 genes predominately involved in interferon signaling. Results were similar using the Porcine Translational Research Database. Pathway analysis confirmed the up-regulation of interferon signaling in response to the WD and atorvastatin independently. An expression signature of the largely interferon related differentially expressed genes had no predictive capability on a histological assessment of atherosclerosis in the underlying coronary artery. These results suggest that a WD and atorvastatin evoke an interferon mediated immune response in EAT of the Ossabaw pig, which is not associated with the presence of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maura E Walker
- Cardiovascular Nutrition Laboratory, JM USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA
| | - Nirupa R Matthan
- Cardiovascular Nutrition Laboratory, JM USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA
| | - Gloria Solano-Aguilar
- USDA, ARS, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Diet Genomics and Immunology Laboratory, Beltsville, MD
| | - Saebyeol Jang
- USDA, ARS, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Diet Genomics and Immunology Laboratory, Beltsville, MD
| | - Sukla Lakshman
- USDA, ARS, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Diet Genomics and Immunology Laboratory, Beltsville, MD
| | - Aleksey Molokin
- USDA, ARS, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Diet Genomics and Immunology Laboratory, Beltsville, MD
| | - Tyler Faits
- Division of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Joseph F Urban
- USDA, ARS, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Diet Genomics and Immunology Laboratory, Beltsville, MD
| | - W Evan Johnson
- Division of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Stefania Lamon-Fava
- Cardiovascular Nutrition Laboratory, JM USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA
| | - Alice H Lichtenstein
- Cardiovascular Nutrition Laboratory, JM USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA.
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Liu X, Ouyang T, Ma T, Ouyang H, Pang D, Ren L. Immunogenicity evaluation of inactivated virus and purified proteins of porcine circovirus type 2 in mice. BMC Vet Res 2018; 14:137. [PMID: 29685143 PMCID: PMC5913788 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-018-1461-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Vaccination is considered as an effective and economical way to against PCV2 infection. However, some of commercial available vaccines are based on inactivated viruses, while the others are based on purified protein of PCV2. In the present study, we aimed to compare the immunogenicity of inactivated virus and purified proteins of porcine circovirus type 2 in mice. Results The results showed that positive antiserum titers were significantly increased after second, third and fourth immunization using inactivated PCV2 or purified proteins as coating antigen. Moreover, the inactivated PCV2 induced significantly higher levels of PCV2-specific antibodies than that of PCV2 subunit proteins. After PCV2 wild strain challenged, the average daily gain was comparable with that of mice in the mock group, and the sera from both inactivated PCV2-immunized animals and subunit protein Cap+ORF3 + Rep immunized animals had significantly higher neutralizing antibody titers than that of the PBS group. As expected, the neutralizing antibody in the inactivated PCV2 group was significantly higher than that of the subunit protein group. These results indicated that positive antiserum induced by the inactivated PCV2 had a better reactivity and specificity than that of the positive antiserum induced by the purified proteins. Conclusions The results in the present study demonstrated inactivated PCV2 is more effective than PCV2 subunit proteins in stimulating immune response to against PCV2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Liu
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, China
| | - Ting Ouyang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, China
| | - Teng Ma
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, China
| | - Hongsheng Ouyang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, China
| | - Daxin Pang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, China
| | - Linzhu Ren
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, China.
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Yang X, Ma T, Ouyang H, Chen F, Peng Z, Li C, Ma Y, Chen X, Li B, Pang D, Ren L. Effect of atovastatin treatment on porcine circovirus 2 infection in BALB/c mice. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2015; 42:817-21. [DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Revised: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering; College of Animal Sciences; Changchun Jilin China
| | - Teng Ma
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering; College of Animal Sciences; Changchun Jilin China
| | - Hongsheng Ouyang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering; College of Animal Sciences; Changchun Jilin China
| | - Fuwang Chen
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering; College of Animal Sciences; Changchun Jilin China
| | - Zhiyuan Peng
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering; College of Animal Sciences; Changchun Jilin China
| | - Chun Li
- The Chinese Peoples' Liberation Army 208 Hospital; Changchun China
| | - Yunzhi Ma
- Heping Campus; Jilin University; Changchun Jilin China
| | - Xinrong Chen
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering; College of Animal Sciences; Changchun Jilin China
| | - Boyu Li
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering; College of Animal Sciences; Changchun Jilin China
| | - Daxing Pang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering; College of Animal Sciences; Changchun Jilin China
| | - Linzhu Ren
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering; College of Animal Sciences; Changchun Jilin China
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