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Tang Y, Liu Y, Gong Y, Zhang S, Cui S, Wang Y, Chen Z, Xu C. Caspase-1 inhibitor CZL80 protects against acute seizures via amplifying the inhibitory neural transmission. Neurochem Int 2024; 179:105809. [PMID: 39047793 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2024.105809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Current anti-seizure medications (ASDs) primarily target ion channels or neurotransmissions; however, their practicability is limited by unwanted side-effects and pharmacoresistance. Cumulative evidence has proposed pro-inflammatory caspase-1 as a potential target for developing ASDs. In this study, we showed that the small-molecular caspase-1 inhibitor CZL80 can prevent seizures in various models including the maximal electroshock (MES), the pentylenetetrazol (PTZ), and the amygdaloid kindled models. Specifically, we discovered that CZL80 prevented death, reduced the duration of generalized seizures, and increased the threshold of generalized seizures in a dose-dependent manner in the MES model. In the PTZ model, CZL80 decreased the seizure stages, prolonged the latency to stage 4 seizures, and decreased the death rate. And in amygdaloid kindled rats, CZL80 inhibited the seizure stages, shortened the durations of both generalized seizures and after-discharges. And the anti-seizure efficacy of CZL80 was diminished in caspase-1 knockout mice. In vitro electrophysiology recordings revealed that CZL80 was able to decreased the excitability of glutamatergic pyramidal neurons, as denoted by reducing the spontaneous neuronal firings and increasing the rheobase injected currents to elicit action potentials. Furthermore, CZL80 was able to increase the amplitudes of inhibitory post-synaptic currents (IPSC), while the excitatory post-synaptic currents (EPSC) were not influenced. Lastly, daily administration of CZL80 for 3 weeks did not influence the normal locomotor functions in mice. In sum, our results highlighted CZL80 as a potential anti-seizure therapy with therapeutic significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Yao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, China; College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yiwei Gong
- Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, China
| | - Shuo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, China; College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Sunliang Cui
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, China
| | - Zhong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, China; College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Cenglin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, China.
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Hashemi P, Mardani P, Eghbali Raz Z, Saedi A, Fatahi E, Izapanah E, Ahmadi S. Alpha-Pinene Decreases the Elevated Levels of Astrogliosis, Pyroptosis, and Autophagy Markers in the Hippocampus Triggered by Kainate in a Rat Model of Temporal Lobe Epilepsy. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04407-x. [PMID: 39096444 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04407-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/05/2024]
Abstract
The development and progression of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) are heavily influenced by inflammation, excessive activation of glial cells, and neuronal cell death. This study aimed to investigate the effects of treatment with alpha-pinene (APN) on pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokine levels, astrogliosis, pyroptosis, and autophagy markers in the hippocampus in a rat model of TLE induced by kainic acid (KA). Male Wistar rats were employed, and TLE was induced by intracerebroventricular injection of KA. APN (50 mg/kg) was intraperitoneally administered for 19 days, including two weeks before and five days after the administration of KA. After full recovery from anesthesia and KA injection, the seizure-related behavioral expressions were evaluated. On day 19, the hippocampal levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, progranulin, IL-10, ERK1/2, phospho-ERK1/2, NF-κB, GFAP, S100-B, NLRP1, NLRP3, caspase-1, and becline-1 were examined. The results revealed that treatment with APN significantly diminished the heightened levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, progranulin, ERK1/2, and NF-κB and reversed the reduced levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokine, IL-10, in the hippocampus caused by KA. Furthermore, administration of APN significantly reduced the levels of astrogliosis, pyroptosis, and autophagy markers in the hippocampus that were elevated by KA. It can be concluded that treatment with APN for 19 days alleviated neuroinflammation by inhibiting ERK1/2 and NF-κB signaling pathways and prevented increases in astrogliosis, pyroptosis, and autophagy markers in the hippocampus in a rat model of TLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paria Hashemi
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, University of Kurdistan, P.O. Box 416, Sanandaj, Iran
| | | | - Zabihollah Eghbali Raz
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, University of Kurdistan, P.O. Box 416, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Ali Saedi
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, University of Kurdistan, P.O. Box 416, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Ehsan Fatahi
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, University of Kurdistan, P.O. Box 416, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Esmael Izapanah
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Shamseddin Ahmadi
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, University of Kurdistan, P.O. Box 416, Sanandaj, Iran.
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Casillas-Espinosa PM, Garcia-Olivares J, Li R, Li C, Yu C, Formella AE, O'Brien TJ. Huperzine A suppresses absence seizures in the genetic absence epilepsy rat from Strasbourg (GAERS) model of genetic generalized epilepsy with absence seizures. Epilepsia Open 2024. [PMID: 39096485 DOI: 10.1002/epi4.13016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/05/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We evaluated huperzine A treatment in the Genetic Absence Epilepsy Rat from Strasbourg (GAERS) model of genetic generalized epilepsy (GGE) with absence seizures. METHODS Adult male GAERS (N = 15) were implanted with EEG recording electrodes 10 days before receiving study drug. Each animal received the following six treatments as a single, intraperitoneal dose, 7 days apart (in random order): huperzine A (0.3, 1.0, or 3.0 mg/kg), two periods of vehicle (0.9% NaCl), or ethosuximide (100 mg/kg) as a positive control. Electroencephalograms (EEGs) were acquired for 24 h before and after each treatment and analyzed for seizure activity during the 90-min period immediately post-treatment, including 30-min intervals at 30, 60, and 90 min. Additional analyses evaluated seizure activity over the 24-h post-treatment period using 60-min intervals at 6, 12, and 24 h. The cumulative 24-h periods before and after each administered treatment were also compared. RESULTS Two-way ANOVA showed a treatment difference [F(91,182) = 3.592, p < 0.0001] on the number of seizures over the first 90-min post-treatment (primary outcome); Tukey's post hoc analyses showed that, compared to vehicle, huperzine A (3.0 mg/kg) significantly reduced seizures in the 30-min (p = 0.02) and 60-min (p = 0.001) intervals, and ethosuximide significantly reduced seizures at all measured time intervals except the 1-h blocks at 12 and 24 h. Huperzine A 3.0 mg/kg and ethosuximide significantly reduced seizures during the cumulative 24-h post-treatment period relative to pretreatment baseline. While huperzine A 3.0 mg/kg did not differ significantly from ethosuximide at any time point, the study was not designed to evaluate non-inferiority. The only adverse event after huperzine A or ethosuximide was mild, dose-dependent sedation. SIGNIFICANCE Huperzine A potently suppressed absence-like seizures in GAERS, albeit with a shorter duration of action relative to ethosuximide, showing promise for clinical efficacy in GGE. PLAIN LANGUAGE SUMMARY This study looked at how huperzine A affects seizures in rats with similar abnormal brain activity as seen in humans with absence epilepsy. Rats received different treatments, placebo (i.e., saline solution), huperzine A, and ethosuximide. Ethosuximide is considered a gold standard treatment for absence epilepsy. We recorded brain activity to measure seizures before and after each treatment. We found that huperzine A (3.0 mg/kg) reduced seizures soon after treatment, like ethosuximide. Both treatments appeared safe, causing only mild sleepiness. The study shows that huperzine A could be a good new treatment for a type of absence epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo M Casillas-Espinosa
- Department of Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Translational Medicine,, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Neurology, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Rui Li
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Translational Medicine,, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Crystal Li
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Translational Medicine,, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Chungping Yu
- Supernus Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Terence J O'Brien
- Department of Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Translational Medicine,, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Neurology, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Zhang X, Zhao T, Su S, Li L, Zhang Y, Yan J, Cui X, Sun Y, Zhao J, Han X, Cao J. An explanation of the role of pyroptosis playing in epilepsy. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 136:112386. [PMID: 38850794 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Epilepsy is a severe central nervous system disorder characterized by an imbalance between neuronal excitation and inhibition, resulting in heightened neuronal excitability, particularly within the hippocampus. About one-third of individuals with epilepsy experience difficult-to-manage seizures, known as refractory epilepsy. Epilepsy is closely linked to inflammatory immune response, with elevated levels of inflammatory mediators observed in individuals with this condition. This inflammation of the brain can lead to seizures of various types and is further exacerbated by the release of inflammatory factors, which heighten the excitability of peripheral neurons and worsen the progression of epilepsy. Pyroptosis is an inflammatory programmed cell death which has been shown to be involved in the pathological process of epilepsy. Inflammatory factors released during pyroptosis increase neuronal excitability and promote abnormal discharge in epilepsy, increasing susceptibility to epilepsy. This article provides an overview of the current knowledge on cell pyroptosis and its potential mechanisms, including both canonical and noncanonical pathways. Additionally, we discuss the potential mechanisms of pyroptosis occurrence in epilepsy and the potential therapeutic drugs targeting pyroptosis as a treatment strategy. In summary, this review highlights the promising potential of pyroptosis as a target for developing innovative therapies for epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefei Zhang
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China.
| | - Ting Zhao
- Department of Neurology and Basic Medicine, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, China.
| | - Songxue Su
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Yubing Zhang
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Jiangyu Yan
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Cui
- Department of Neurology and Basic Medicine, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, China
| | - Yanyan Sun
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China.
| | - Jianyuan Zhao
- Institute for Developmental and Regenerative Cardiovascular Medicine, MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Xiong Han
- Department of Neurology and Basic Medicine, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, China.
| | - Jing Cao
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China.
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Haque I, Thapa P, Burns DM, Zhou J, Sharma M, Sharma R, Singh V. NLRP3 Inflammasome Inhibitors for Antiepileptogenic Drug Discovery and Development. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6078. [PMID: 38892264 PMCID: PMC11172514 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is one of the most prevalent and serious brain disorders and affects over 70 million people globally. Antiseizure medications (ASMs) relieve symptoms and prevent the occurrence of future seizures in epileptic patients but have a limited effect on epileptogenesis. Addressing the multifaceted nature of epileptogenesis and its association with the Nod-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome-mediated neuroinflammation requires a comprehensive understanding of the underlying mechanisms of these medications for the development of targeted therapeutic strategies beyond conventional antiseizure treatments. Several types of NLRP3 inhibitors have been developed and their effect has been validated both in in vitro and in vivo models of epileptogenesis. In this review, we discuss the advances in understanding the regulatory mechanisms of NLRP3 activation as well as progress made, and challenges faced in the development of NLRP3 inhibitors for the treatment of epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inamul Haque
- Research and Development Service, Kansas City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Kansas City, MO 64128, USA; (P.T.); (D.M.B.); (M.S.); (R.S.)
- Department of Math, Science and Business Technology, Kansas City Kansas Community College, Kansas City, KS 66112, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Pritam Thapa
- Research and Development Service, Kansas City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Kansas City, MO 64128, USA; (P.T.); (D.M.B.); (M.S.); (R.S.)
- Drug Discovery Program, Midwest Veterans’ Biomedical Research Foundation, KCVA Medical Center, Kansas City, MO 64128, USA
| | - Douglas M. Burns
- Research and Development Service, Kansas City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Kansas City, MO 64128, USA; (P.T.); (D.M.B.); (M.S.); (R.S.)
| | - Jianping Zhou
- Renal Research Laboratory, Kansas City VA Medical Center, Kansas City, MO 64128, USA;
| | - Mukut Sharma
- Research and Development Service, Kansas City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Kansas City, MO 64128, USA; (P.T.); (D.M.B.); (M.S.); (R.S.)
- Drug Discovery Program, Midwest Veterans’ Biomedical Research Foundation, KCVA Medical Center, Kansas City, MO 64128, USA
- Renal Research Laboratory, Kansas City VA Medical Center, Kansas City, MO 64128, USA;
| | - Ram Sharma
- Research and Development Service, Kansas City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Kansas City, MO 64128, USA; (P.T.); (D.M.B.); (M.S.); (R.S.)
| | - Vikas Singh
- Research and Development Service, Kansas City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Kansas City, MO 64128, USA; (P.T.); (D.M.B.); (M.S.); (R.S.)
- Drug Discovery Program, Midwest Veterans’ Biomedical Research Foundation, KCVA Medical Center, Kansas City, MO 64128, USA
- Division of Neurology, Kansas City VA Medical Center, Kansas City, MO 64128, USA
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Chen J, Gao Y, Liu N, Hai D, Wei W, Liu Y, Lan X, Jin X, Yu J, Ma L. Mechanism of NLRP3 Inflammasome in Epilepsy and Related Therapeutic Agents. Neuroscience 2024; 546:157-177. [PMID: 38574797 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2024.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Epilepsy is one of the most widespread and complex diseases in the central nervous system (CNS), affecting approximately 65 million people globally, an important factor resulting in neurological disability-adjusted life year (DALY) and progressive cognitive dysfunction. Medication is the most essential treatment. The currently used drugs have shown drug resistance in some patients and only control symptoms; the development of novel and more efficacious pharmacotherapy is imminent. Increasing evidence suggests neuroinflammation is involved in the occurrence and development of epilepsy, and high expression of NLRP3 inflammasome has been observed in the temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) brain tissue of patients and animal models. The inflammasome is a crucial cause of neuroinflammation by activating IL-1β and IL-18. Many preclinical studies have confirmed that regulating NLRP3 inflammasome pathway can prevent the development of epilepsy, reduce the severity of epilepsy, and play a neuroprotective role. Therefore, regulating NLRP3 inflammasome could be a potential target for epilepsy treatment. In summary, this review describes the priming and activation of inflammasome and its biological function in the progression of epilepsy. In addition, we reviewes the current pharmacological researches for epilepsy based on the regulation of NLRP3 inflammasome, aiming to provide a basis and reference for developing novel antiepileptic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Department of Pharmacology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Ning Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Dongmei Hai
- Department of Pharmacology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Pharmacology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Yue Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Xiaobing Lan
- Department of Pharmacology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Xueqin Jin
- Department of Pharmacology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China.
| | - Jianqiang Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China.
| | - Lin Ma
- Department of Pharmacology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China.
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Challal S, Skiba A, Langlois M, Esguerra CV, Wolfender JL, Crawford AD, Skalicka-Woźniak K. Natural product-derived therapies for treating drug-resistant epilepsies: From ethnopharmacology to evidence-based medicine. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 317:116740. [PMID: 37315641 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Epilepsy is one of the most prevalent neurological human diseases, affecting 1% of the population in all age groups. Despite the availability of over 25 anti-seizure medications (ASMs), which are approved in most industrialized countries, approximately 30% of epilepsy patients still experience seizures that are resistant to these drugs. Since ASMs target only limited number of neurochemical mechanisms, drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) is not only an unmet medical need, but also a formidable challenge in drug discovery. AIM In this review, we examine recently approved epilepsy drugs based on natural product (NP) such as cannabidiol (CBD) and rapamycin, as well as NP-based epilepsy drug candidates still in clinical development, such as huperzine A. We also critically evaluate the therapeutic potential of botanical drugs as polytherapy or adjunct therapy specifically for DRE. METHODS Articles related to ethnopharmacological anti-epileptic medicines and NPs in treating all forms of epilepsy were collected from PubMed and Scopus using keywords related to epilepsy, DRE, herbal medicines, and NPs. The database clinicaltrials.gov was used to find ongoing, terminated and planned clinical trials using herbal medicines or NPs in epilepsy treatment. RESULTS A comprehensive review on anti-epileptic herbal drugs and natural products from the ethnomedical literature is provided. We discuss the ethnomedical context of recently approved drugs and drug candidates derived from NPs, including CBD, rapamycin, and huperzine A. Recently published studies on natural products with preclinical efficacy in animal models of DRE are summarized. Moreover, we highlight that natural products capable of pharmacologically activating the vagus nerve (VN), such as CBD, may be therapeutically useful to treat DRE. CONCLUSIONS The review highlights that herbal drugs utilized in traditional medicine offer a valuable source of potential anti-epileptic drug candidates with novel mechanisms of action, and with clinical promise for the treatment of drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE). Moreover, recently developed NP-based anti-seizure medications (ASMs) indicate the translational potential of metabolites of plant, microbial, fungal and animal origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soura Challal
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, Switzerland; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Adrianna Skiba
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Poland
| | - Mélanie Langlois
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), Belval, Luxembourg
| | - Camila V Esguerra
- Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway (NCMM), University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Jean-Luc Wolfender
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, Switzerland; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Alexander D Crawford
- Department of Preclinical Sciences and Pathology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, Norway; Institute for Orphan Drug Discovery, Bremerhavener Innovations- und Gründerzentum (BRIG), Bremerhaven, Germany
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Atabaki R, Khaleghzadeh-Ahangar H, Esmaeili N, Mohseni-Moghaddam P. Role of Pyroptosis, a Pro-inflammatory Programmed Cell Death, in Epilepsy. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2023; 43:1049-1059. [PMID: 35835968 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-022-01250-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Epilepsy is one of the most common serious brain diseases worldwide. Programmed cell death (PCD), a cellular self-destruction phenomenon, has been greatly documented in neurodegenerative diseases. Pyroptosis is a well-known pro-inflammatory PCD, and its involvement in epilepsy has been reported in animal models of epilepsy and also epileptic patients. Canonical (caspase-1-dependent) and non-canonical (caspase-1-independent) pathways are two main mechanisms implicated in pyroptotic cell death. Mouse caspase-11 or human analogues caspase-4/5 induce the non-canonical pathway. In both pathways, membrane gasdermin (GSDMD) pores contribute to pro-inflammatory cytokine release and lead to membrane destabilization and cell lysis. IL-1β and IL-18 are pro-inflammatory cytokines that are released following pyroptotic PCD. Brain inflammation increases excitability in the nervous system, promotes seizure activity, and is probably associated with the molecular and synaptic changes involved in epileptogenesis. Pro-inflammatory cytokines affect the glutamate and GABA neurotransmitter release as well as their receptors, thereby resulting in seizure activity. This review is intended to provide an overview of the current published works on pyroptotic cell death in epilepsy. The mechanisms by which pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-1β and IL-18 can promote epileptic discharges were also collected. According to this survey, since the involvement of pyroptosis in the development of epilepsy has been established, pyroptosis-targeted therapies may represent a novel anti-epileptogenic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabi Atabaki
- Rayan Research Center for Neuroscience & Behavior, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hossein Khaleghzadeh-Ahangar
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.,Immunoregulation Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Nardana Esmaeili
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Parvaneh Mohseni-Moghaddam
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
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Stredny C, Rotenberg A, Leviton A, Loddenkemper T. Systemic inflammation as a biomarker of seizure propensity and a target for treatment to reduce seizure propensity. Epilepsia Open 2023; 8:221-234. [PMID: 36524286 PMCID: PMC9978091 DOI: 10.1002/epi4.12684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
People with diabetes can wear a device that measures blood glucose and delivers just the amount of insulin needed to return the glucose level to within bounds. Currently, people with epilepsy do not have access to an equivalent wearable device that measures a systemic indicator of an impending seizure and delivers a rapidly acting medication or other intervention (e.g., an electrical stimulus) to terminate or prevent a seizure. Given that seizure susceptibility is reliably increased in systemic inflammatory states, we propose a novel closed-loop device where release of a fast-acting therapy is governed by sensors that quantify the magnitude of systemic inflammation. Here, we review the evidence that patients with epilepsy have raised levels of systemic indicators of inflammation than controls, and that some anti-inflammatory drugs have reduced seizure occurrence in animals and humans. We then consider the options of what might be incorporated into a responsive anti-seizure system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coral Stredny
- Division of Epilepsy and Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of NeurologyBoston Children's HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of NeurologyHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Alexander Rotenberg
- Division of Epilepsy and Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of NeurologyBoston Children's HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of NeurologyHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Alan Leviton
- Division of Epilepsy and Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of NeurologyBoston Children's HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of NeurologyHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Tobias Loddenkemper
- Division of Epilepsy and Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of NeurologyBoston Children's HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of NeurologyHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
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Samadianzakaria A, Abdolmaleki Z, Faedmaleki F. The effect of valproic acid and furosemide on the regulation of the inflammasome complex (NLRP1 and NLRP3 mRNA) in the brain of epileptic animal model. Brain Res Bull 2022; 191:20-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2022.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Paeonol exerts neuroprotective and anticonvulsant effects in intrahippocampal kainate model of temporal lobe epilepsy. J Chem Neuroanat 2022; 124:102121. [PMID: 35718291 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2022.102121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is presented the most common form of focal epilepsy with involvement of oxidative stress and neuroinflammation as important factors in its development. About one third of epileptic patients are intractable to currently available medications. Paeonol isolated from some herbs with traditional and medicinal uses has shown anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects in different models of neurological disorders. In this research, we tried to evaluate the possible protective effect of paeonol in intrahippocampal kainate murine model of TLE. To induce TLE, kainate was microinjected into CA3 area of the hippocampus and paeonol was administered at two doses of 30 or 50mg/kg. The results of this study showed that paeonol at the higher dose significantly reduces incidence of status epilepticus, hippocampal aberrant mossy fiber sprouting and also preserves neuronal density. Beneficial protective effect of paeonol was in parallel with partial reversal of some hippocampal oxidative stress markers (reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde), caspase 1, glial fibrillary acidic protein, heme oxygenase 1, DNA fragmentation, and inflammation-associated factors (nuclear factor-kappa B, toll-like receptor 4, and tumor necrosis factor α). Our obtained data indicated anticonvulsant and neuroprotective effects of paeonol which is somewhat attributed to its anti-oxidative and anti-inflammation properties besides its attenuation of apoptosis, pyroptosis, and astrocyte activity.
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Du K, He M, Zhao D, Wang Y, Ma C, Liang H, Wang W, Min D, Xue L, Guo F. Mechanism of cell death pathways in status epilepticus and related therapeutic agents. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 149:112875. [PMID: 35367755 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The most severe form of epilepsy, status epilepticus (SE), causes brain damage and results in the development of recurring seizures. Currently, the management of SE remains a clinical challenge because patients do not respond adequately to conventional treatments. Evidence suggests that neural cell death worsens the occurrence and progression of SE. The main forms of cell death are apoptosis, necroptosis, pyroptosis, and ferroptosis. Herein, these mechanisms of neuronal death in relation to SE and the alleviation of SE by potential modulators that target neuronal death have been reviewed. An understanding of these pathways and their possible roles in SE may assist in the development of SE therapies and in the discovery of new agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Du
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Miao He
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Dongyi Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Yuting Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Chao Ma
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Hongyue Liang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Wuyang Wang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, 209Tongshan Rd, Xuzhou 221002, China
| | - Dongyu Min
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for TCM Viscera-State Theory and Applications, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang 110032, China.
| | - Lei Xue
- China Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
| | - Feng Guo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China.
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A Synopsis of Multitarget Potential Therapeutic Effects of Huperzine A in Diverse Pathologies-Emphasis on Alzheimer's Disease Pathogenesis. Neurochem Res 2022; 47:1166-1182. [PMID: 35122609 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03530-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Numerous challenges are confronted when it comes to the recognition of therapeutic agents for treating complex neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's disease (AD). The perplexing pathogenicity of AD embodies cholinergic dysfunction, amyloid beta (Aβ) aggregation, neurofibrillary tangle formation, neuroinflammation, mitochondrial disruption along with vicious production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generating oxidative stress. In this frame of reference, drugs with multi target components could prove more advantageous to counter complex pathological mechanisms that are responsible for AD progression. For as much as, medicinal plant based pharmaco-therapies are emerging as potential candidates for AD treatment keeping the efficacy and safety parameters in terms of toxicity and side effects into consideration. Huperzine A (Hup A) is a purified alkaloid compound extracted from a club moss called Huperzia serrata. Several studies have reported both cholinergic and non-cholinergic effects of this compound on AD with significant neuroprotective properties. The present review convenes cumulative demonstrations of neuroprotection provided by Hup A in in vitro, in vivo, and human studies in various pathologies. The underlying molecular mechanisms of its actions have also been discussed. However, more profound evidence would certainly promote the therapeutic implementation of this drug thus furnishing decisive insights into AD therapeutics and various other pathologies along with preventive and curative management.
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Huo S, Ren J, Ma Y, Ozathaley A, Yuan W, Ni H, Li D, Liu Z. Upregulation of TRPC5 in hippocampal excitatory synapses improves memory impairment associated with neuroinflammation in microglia knockout IL-10 mice. J Neuroinflammation 2021; 18:275. [PMID: 34836549 PMCID: PMC8620645 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-021-02321-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Members of the transient receptor potential canonical (TRPC) protein family are widely distributed in the hippocampus of mammals and exert respective and cooperative influences on the functions of neurons. The relationship between specific TRPC subtypes and neuroinflammation is receiving increasing attention. METHODS Using Cx3cr1CreERIL-10-/- transgenic mice and their littermates to study the relationship between TRPC channels and memory impairment. RESULTS We demonstrated that Cx3cr1CreERIL-10-/- mice displayed spatial memory deficits in object location recognition (OLR) and Morris water maze (MWM) tasks. The decreased levels of TRPC4 and TRPC5 in the hippocampal regions were verified via reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, western blotting, and immunofluorescence tests. The expression of postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD95) and synaptophysin in the hippocampus decreased with an imbalance in the local inflammatory environment in the hippocampus. The number of cells positive for ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1 (Iba1), a glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), increased with the high expression of interleukin 6 (IL-6) in Cx3cr1CreERIL-10-/- mice. The nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome was also involved in this process, and the cytokines IL-1β and IL-18 activated by NLRP3 were also elevated by western blotting. The co-localization of TRPC5 and calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IIα (CaMKIIα) significantly decreased TRPC5 expression in excitatory neurons. AAV9-CaMKIIα-TRPC5 was used to upregulate TRPC5 in excitatory neurons in the hippocampus. CONCLUSIONS The results showed that the upregulation of TRPC5 improved the memory performance of Cx3cr1CreERIL-10-/- mice related to inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome-associated neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiji Huo
- Medical School, Nankai University, No.94, Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300071, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Neurovascular Regulation, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiling Ren
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Basic Medical School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yunqing Ma
- Medical School, Nankai University, No.94, Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300071, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Neurovascular Regulation, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ahsawle Ozathaley
- Medical School, Nankai University, No.94, Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300071, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Neurovascular Regulation, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenjian Yuan
- Medical School, Nankai University, No.94, Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300071, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Neurovascular Regulation, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hong Ni
- Medical School, Nankai University, No.94, Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Dong Li
- Medical School, Nankai University, No.94, Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Zhaowei Liu
- Medical School, Nankai University, No.94, Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300071, China.
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Neurovascular Regulation, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
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Anwar H, Rasul A, Iqbal J, Ahmad N, Imran A, Malik SA, Ijaz F, Akram R, Maqbool J, Sajid F, Sun T, Hussain G, Manzoor MF. Dietary biomolecules as promising regenerative agents for peripheral nerve injury: An emerging nutraceutical-based therapeutic approach. J Food Biochem 2021; 45:e13989. [PMID: 34719796 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral nerve damage is a debilitating condition that can result in partial or complete functional loss as a result of axonal degeneration, as well as lifelong dependence. Many therapies have been imbued with a plethora of positive features while posing little risks. It is worth noting that these biomolecules work by activating several intrinsic pathways that are known to be important in peripheral nerve regeneration. Although the underlying mechanism is used for accurate and speedy functional recovery, none of them are without side effects. As a result, it is believed that effective therapy is currently lacking. The dietary biomolecules-based intervention, among other ways, is appealing, safe, and effective. Upregulation of transcription factors, neurotrophic factors, and growth factors such as NGF, GDNF, BDNF, and CTNF may occur as a result of these substances' dietary intake. Upregulation of the signaling pathways ERK, JNK, p38, and PKA has also been seen, which aids in axonal regeneration. Although several mechanistic approaches to understanding their involvement have been suggested, more work is needed to reveal the amazing properties of these biomolecules. We have discussed in this article that how different dietary biomolecules can help with functional recovery and regeneration after an injury. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Based on the information known to date, we may conclude that treatment techniques for peripheral nerve injury have downsides, such as complications, donor shortages, adverse effects, unaffordability, and a lack of precision in efficacy. These difficulties cast doubt on their efficacy and raise severe concerns about the prescription. In this situation, the need for safe and effective therapeutic techniques is unavoidable, and dietary biomolecules appear to be a safe, cost-efficient, and effective way to promote nerve regeneration following an injury. The information on these biomolecules has been summarized here. Upregulation of transcription factors, neurotrophic factors, and growth factors, such as NGF, GDNF, BDNF, and CTNF, as well as the ERK, JNK, p38, and PKA, signaling pathways, may stimulate axonal regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haseeb Anwar
- Neurochemicalbiology and Genetics Laboratory (NGL), Department of Physiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Azhar Rasul
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Javed Iqbal
- Department of Neurology, Allied Hospital, Faisalabad Medical University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Nazir Ahmad
- Institute of Home and Food Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ali Imran
- Institute of Home and Food Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Shoaib Ahmad Malik
- Department of Biochemistry, Sargodha Medical College, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Fazeela Ijaz
- Neurochemicalbiology and Genetics Laboratory (NGL), Department of Physiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Rabia Akram
- Neurochemicalbiology and Genetics Laboratory (NGL), Department of Physiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Javeria Maqbool
- Neurochemicalbiology and Genetics Laboratory (NGL), Department of Physiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Faiqa Sajid
- Neurochemicalbiology and Genetics Laboratory (NGL), Department of Physiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Tao Sun
- Center for Precision Medicine, School of Medicine and School of Biomedical Sciences, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, China
| | - Ghulam Hussain
- Neurochemicalbiology and Genetics Laboratory (NGL), Department of Physiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Mohseni-Moghaddam P, Roghani M, Khaleghzadeh-Ahangar H, Sadr SS, Sala C. A literature overview on epilepsy and inflammasome activation. Brain Res Bull 2021; 172:229-235. [PMID: 33964347 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2021.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Epilepsy is one of the most prevalent serious brain disorders worldwide. Accumulating evidence has suggested that inflammation participates in the progression and pathogenesis of epilepsy. During inflammation, a cytosolic multimolecular complex called the "inflammasome" is activated, driving the innate immune response. This inflammatory pathway by sensing various pathogens and molecules from damaged cells and then activation of caspase-1 enzyme initiates inflammatory responses. Activated caspase-1 leads to the proteolytic cleavage of the pro-inflammatory cytokines, interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-18 (IL-18), and also induction of an inflammatory programmed cell death termed pyroptosis. NLR family pyrin domain-containing 1 (NLRP1) and NLRP3 are the two best-characterized inflammasome members, and both basic and clinical research has reported their activation during epilepsy. This overview is intended to summarize the current literature concerning NLRP1 and NLRP3 inflammasome activation and epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvaneh Mohseni-Moghaddam
- Electrophysiology Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mehrdad Roghani
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Khaleghzadeh-Ahangar
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran; Immunoregulation Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Seyed Shahabeddin Sadr
- Electrophysiology Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Carlo Sala
- CNR Neuroscience Institute, Milan, Italy
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Wang H, Lv J, Jiang N, Huang H, Wang Q, Liu X. Ginsenoside Re protects against chronic restraint stress-induced cognitive deficits through regulation of NLRP3 and Nrf2 pathways in mice. Phytother Res 2021; 35:2523-2535. [PMID: 33783035 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to chronic stress negatively affects the development of cognition, characterized by learning and memory decline. Ginsenoside Re (GRe), an active compound derived from Panax ginseng, exhibited neuroprotective activity in various neurological diseases. In this study, the protective effect of GRe on chronic restraint stress (CRS)-induced memory deficit was investigated. The mice were experienced 35 days of the CRS induction. The GRe was administered daily orally (10, 20, or 40 mg/kg) during the next 3 weeks stress session and the behavior test period. The CRS-induced memory impairment mice were subjected to behavioral tasks, such as the Y-maze, novel objects recognition, and step-through passive avoidance tests. Nissl staining was used to examine the neuron numbers. The levels of antioxidant enzymes, malondialdehyde, and proinflammatory factor were determined by kits and ELISA assays. The expressions of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3), nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) and synapse-associated proteins (synaptophysin, SYP, and postsynaptic density 95, PSD95) were measured by Western blotting. Behavioral assessments indicated that GRe could ameliorate the cognitive impairment of CRS-induced mice, as indicated by increased responses in Y-maze (p < .05), novel objects recognition (p < .01), and step-through passive avoidance tests (p < .01). In addition, GRe treatment significantly decreased the neuronal loss in CRS mice in histological examination. Moreover, chronic GRe treatment significantly ameliorated the down-regulated the expressions of BDNF, Nrf2, heme oxygenase (HO)-1, SYP, and PSD95, as well as up-regulated NLRP3, the adaptor protein ASC, and Caspase-1 protein expression in the hippocampus of CRS-treated mice. Taken together, these findings suggest that GRe has a potential therapeutic effect on memory impairment in C57BL/6J mice exposed to CRS paradigm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixia Wang
- Research Center of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant, Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jingwei Lv
- Research Center of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant, Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Jiang
- Research Center of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant, Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Huang
- Research Center of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant, Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qiong Wang
- Affiliated TCM Hospital/School of Pharmacy/Sino-Portugal TCM International Cooperation Center, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xinmin Liu
- Research Center of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant, Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Khamse S, Haftcheshmeh SM, Sadr SS, Roghani M, Kamalinejad M, Moghaddam PM, Golchoobian R, Ebrahimi F. The potential neuroprotective roles of olive leaf extract in an epilepsy rat model induced by kainic acid. Res Pharm Sci 2021; 16:48-57. [PMID: 33953774 PMCID: PMC8074804 DOI: 10.4103/1735-5362.305188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Epilepsy is recognized as a chronic neurologic disease. Increasing evidence has addressed the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory roles of olive leaf extract (OLE) in neurodegenerative diseases. So, the current study aimed to investigate the neuroprotective roles of OLE in epilepsy. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Forty rats were divided into 4 groups including a control group, sham group, kainic acid (KA) group, and KA + OLE group. KA (4 μg/rat) was injected intrahippocampal, and OLE (300 mg/kg) was orally administrated for 4 weeks. Animals were sacrificed, and their hippocampi were isolated. KA- induced seizure activity was recorded. Oxidative stress index was assessed by measuring its indicators including malondialdehyde (MDA), nitrite, nitrate, and glutathione (GSH) as well as the catalase (CAT) activity. The supernatant concentration of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and the apoptosis rate in neurons were measured. FINDINGS/RESULTS Treatment with OLE significantly reduced the seizure score. OLE decreased oxidative stress index by reducing the concentration of MDA, nitrite, and nitrate as well as increasing the level of GSH. OLE had a significant anti-apoptotic effect on neurons. However, CAT activity and the level of TNF-α were not affected. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Our findings indicated neuroprotective properties of OLE, which is mainly mediated by its antioxidant and anti-apoptotic effects, therefore, could be considered as a valuable therapeutic supplement for epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safoura Khamse
- Electrophysiology Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, I.R. Iran
| | | | - Seyed Shahabeddin Sadr
- Electrophysiology Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, I.R. Iran
| | - Mehrdad Roghani
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Shahed University, Tehran, I.R. Iran
| | - Mohammad Kamalinejad
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, I.R. Iran
| | - Parvane Mohseni Moghaddam
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, I.R. Iran
| | - Ravieh Golchoobian
- Cellular and Molecular Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, I.R. Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ebrahimi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, I.R. Iran
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Cristina de Brito Toscano E, Leandro Marciano Vieira É, Boni Rocha Dias B, Vidigal Caliari M, Paula Gonçalves A, Varela Giannetti A, Maurício Siqueira J, Kimie Suemoto C, Elaine Paraizo Leite R, Nitrini R, Alvarenga Rachid M, Lúcio Teixeira A. NLRP3 and NLRP1 inflammasomes are up-regulated in patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy and may contribute to overexpression of caspase-1 and IL-β in sclerotic hippocampi. Brain Res 2020; 1752:147230. [PMID: 33385378 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2020.147230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation plays a role in the pathophysiology of mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE). Inflammasome pathways, including the NLRP1 and NLRP3-induced ones, promote neuroinflammation and pyroptosis through interleukin (IL)-1β and caspase-1 action. Evaluation of NLRP1 in sclerotic hippocampi is scarce and there are no data on NLRP3 in human TLE. The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of these proteins alongside caspase-1 and IL-1β in the hippocampi of patients with TLE compared to control samples. We also sought to investigate peripheral levels of caspase-1 and IL-1β in an independent cohort. Sclerotic and control hippocampi were collected for both histological and immunohistochemical analyses of NLRP1, NLRP3, caspase-1 and IL-1β; plasma was sampled for the measurement of caspase-1 and IL-1β levels through enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) and cytometric bead array (CBA). Sclerotic hippocampi displayed higher expression of the measured proteins than control. Both glia and neurons showed activation of these pathways. Additionally, increased expression of NLRP1 and NLRP3 was associated with elevated plasma levels of IL-1β and in TLE, and increased levels of peripheral caspase-1 were associated with bilateral hippocampal sclerosis (HS). In conclusion, NLRP1 and NLRP3 are up-regulated in sclerotic hippocampi, what may be responsible, at least in part, for the increased hippocampal expression of caspase-1 and IL-1β. Our data suggest a role for inflammasome activation in central and peripheral inflammation in TLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliana Cristina de Brito Toscano
- Departamento de Patologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Investigação Médica, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Érica Leandro Marciano Vieira
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Investigação Médica, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Bárbara Boni Rocha Dias
- Departamento de Patologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Vidigal Caliari
- Departamento de Patologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Gonçalves
- Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Núcleo Avançado de Tratamento das Epilepsias - Hospital Felício Rocho, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | - José Maurício Siqueira
- Núcleo Avançado de Tratamento das Epilepsias - Hospital Felício Rocho, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | | | - Ricardo Nitrini
- Biobank for Aging Studies, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Milene Alvarenga Rachid
- Departamento de Patologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Antônio Lúcio Teixeira
- Neuropsychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, TX, United States
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20
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Peripheral blood expression levels of inflammasome complex components in two different focal epilepsy syndromes. J Neuroimmunol 2020; 347:577343. [PMID: 32731050 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2020.577343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the role of inflammation in epilepsy pathogenesis has been extensively investigated, the inflammasome complex, a key component of neuroinflammation, has been understudied in epilepsy patients. METHODS To better understand the involvement of this system in epilepsy, levels of inflammasome complex components (NLRP1, NLRP3, CASP1, ASC), end-products of inflammasome complex activity [IL-1β, IL-18, nitric oxide synthase (NOS) isoforms] and other inflammatory factors (NFκB, IL-6, TNF-α) were measured in peripheral blood of patients with focal epilepsy of unknown cause (FEoUC) (n = 47), mesial temporal lobe epilepsy with hippocampal sclerosis (MTLE-HS) (n = 35) and healthy controls using real time qPCR and/or ELISA. RESULTS Inflammasome complex associated factors were either downregulated or unchanged in epilepsy patients. Likewise, flow cytometry studies failed to show an increase in ratios of NLRP3-expressing CD3+ and CD14+ peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in epileptic patients. Anti-neuronal antibody positive epilepsy patients showed increased NLRP1 and neuronal NOS mRNA expression levels, whereas patients under poly-therapy showed reduced serum inflammasome levels. FEoUC patients demonstrated increased PBMC NFκB mRNA expression levels and serum IL-1β and IL-6 levels. Both MTLE-HS and FEoUC patients displayed higher ratios of NFκB-expressing CD14+ PBMC than healthy controls. CONCLUSIONS Although previous clinical studies have implicated increased inflammasome complex expression levels in epilepsy, our results indicate suppressed inflammasome complex activity in the peripheral blood of focal epilepsy patients. Alternatively, the IL-6-NFκB signaling pathway, appears to be activated in focal epilepsy, suggesting that factors of this pathway might be targeted for future theranostic applications.
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Ramazi S, Fahanik-Babaei J, Mohamadi-Zarch SM, Tashakori-Miyanroudi M, Nourabadi D, Nazari-Serenjeh M, Roghani M, Baluchnejadmojarad T. Neuroprotective and anticonvulsant effects of sinomenine in kainate rat model of temporal lobe epilepsy: Involvement of oxidative stress, inflammation and pyroptosis. J Chem Neuroanat 2020; 108:101800. [PMID: 32430101 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2020.101800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress, inflammation and pyroptosis are three of the most important mechanisms in the pathophysiology of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Most people with TLE are refractory to the existing drugs. Sinomenine has shown neuroprotective effects through counteracting oxidative stress, inflammation and pyroptosis. In this study, we evaluated the effect of sinomenine on seizure behavior, oxidative stress, inflammation and pyroptosis markers in addition to its neuroprotective potential in intrahippocampal kainate-induced rat model of TLE. For this purpose, male rats (n = 60) were randomly divided into five groups, i.e., sham, kainate (lesion) with an intrahippocampal injection of kainate, kainate groups receiving sinomenine at doses of 30 or 50 mg/kg, and kainate group receiving valproic acid at a dose of 200 mg/kg (as the positive control). Our obtained data showed that sinomenine administration at a dose of 50 mg/kg can significantly decreases severity of seizures and incidence of status epilepticus (SE), hippocampal aberrant MFS and DNA fragmentation and prevents reduction of neuronal density. It also significantly restored level of ROS, MDA, HO-1 and SOD but its effect on GSH level was not significant. Additionally, sinomenine at a dose of 50 mg/kg partially counteracted the increase of NF-κB, TLR 4, TNFα, GFAP and caspase 1. These results suggest that sinomenine has anticonvulsant and neuroprotective effects by reducing hippocampal oxidative stress, inflammation, pyroptosis and apoptosis in intrahippocampal kainate model of TLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Ramazi
- Student Research Committee, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Javad Fahanik-Babaei
- School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Electrophysiology Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Davood Nourabadi
- Student Research Committee, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mehrdad Roghani
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tourandokht Baluchnejadmojarad
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Hosseini M, Parviz M, Shabanzadeh AP, Zamani E, Mohseni-Moghaddam P, Gholami L, Mehrabadi S. The inhibiting role of periaqueductal gray metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 8 in a rat model of central neuropathic pain. Neurol Res 2020; 42:515-521. [DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2020.1747730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marjan Hosseini
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Parviz
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza P. Shabanzadeh
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Zamani
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Leila Gholami
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shima Mehrabadi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Yue J, He J, Wei Y, Shen K, Wu K, Yang X, Liu S, Zhang C, Yang H. Decreased expression of Rev-Erbα in the epileptic foci of temporal lobe epilepsy and activation of Rev-Erbα have anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects in the pilocarpine model. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:43. [PMID: 32005256 PMCID: PMC6993411 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-020-1718-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background A hallmark of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is brain inflammation accompanied by neuronal demise. Accumulating evidence demonstrates that Rev-Erbα is involved in regulating neuroinflammation and determining the fate of neurons. Therefore, we studied the expression and cellular distribution of Rev-Erbα in the epileptogenic zone of TLE and the effect of treatment with the Rev-Erbα specific agonist SR9009 in the pilocarpine model. Methods The expression pattern of Rev-Erbα was investigated by western blotting, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence labeling in patients with TLE. Next, the effects of SR9009 on neuroinflammation, neuronal apoptosis, and neuronal loss in the mouse hippocampus 7 days after status epilepticus (SE) were assessed by western blotting, immunofluorescence labeling staining, and TUNEL staining. Results The western blotting, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence labeling results revealed that Rev-Erbα was downregulated in the epileptogenic zone of TLE patients and mainly localized in neurons, astrocytes, and presumably microglia. Meanwhile, the expression of Rev-Erbα was decreased in the hippocampus and temporal neocortex of mice treated with pilocarpine in the early post-SE and chronic phases. Interestingly, the expression of Rev-Erbα in the normal hippocampus showed a 24-h rhythm; however, the rhythmicity was disturbed in the early phase after SE, and this disturbance was still present in epileptic animals. Our further findings revealed that treatment with SR9009 inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome activation, inflammatory cytokine (IL-1β, IL-18, IL-6, and TNF-α) production, astrocytosis, microgliosis, and neuronal damage in the hippocampus after SE. Conclusions Taken together, these results suggested that a decrease in Rev-Erbα in the epileptogenic zone may contribute to the process of TLE and that the activation of Rev-Erbα may have anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiong Yue
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 183 Xinqiao Main Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Jiaojiang He
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yujia Wei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 183 Xinqiao Main Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Kaifeng Shen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 183 Xinqiao Main Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Kefu Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 183 Xinqiao Main Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Xiaolin Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 183 Xinqiao Main Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Shiyong Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 183 Xinqiao Main Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Chunqing Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 183 Xinqiao Main Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400037, China.
| | - Hui Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 183 Xinqiao Main Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400037, China.
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