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Aydin DD, Taşkınalp O, Uluçam E, Karadağ H, Özfidan GK, Topuz R, Ersoy O. The effect of acute and chronic formaldehyde exposure on learning and memory in male and female rats. Int J Neurosci 2023:1-9. [PMID: 38152865 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2023.2300728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
AIM Formaldehyde is a chemical that lies behind the various systemical failures in organism. Many products that people use contain formaldehyde. Owing to its tissue fixative properties, scientists who work in life sciences are exposed to this substance more than others. Several studies have shown that formaldehyde affects the CA1 and CA3 regions of the hippocampus, which play crucial roles in memory consolidation. In this study, we aimed to investigate anxiety levels and indicate the short and long term effects of formaldehyde and sex-related differences by exposing formaldehyde to male and female rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Formaldehyde (10 mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally for 7 days for acute exposure and 30 days for chronic exposure. Cognitive assessment was performed using fear conditioning, elevated plus maze, and Morris water maze tests. TUNEL staining was used to identify apoptosis in the brains obtained after decapitation. RESULTS Exposure to intraperitoneal formaldehyde does not impair learning and memory in acute and chronic periods and has no effect on depression or anxiety. After acute exposure, apoptosis was observed in the hippocampal CA1 and CA3 regions in males. When the cognitive test results were examined, no differences were found between the experimental and control groups. There was also no significant difference between males and females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Didem Dönmez Aydin
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Oğuz Taşkınalp
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Enis Uluçam
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Hakan Karadağ
- Faculty of Medicine Department of Pharmacology, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Gülnur Kızılay Özfidan
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Ruhan Topuz
- Faculty of Medicine Department of Pharmacology, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Onur Ersoy
- School of Health Sciences, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
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Ngu EL, Tan CY, Lai NJY, Wong KH, Lim SH, Ming LC, Tan KO, Phang SM, Yow YY. Spirulina platensis Suppressed iNOS and Proinflammatory Cytokines in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced BV2 Microglia. Metabolites 2022; 12:1147. [PMID: 36422287 PMCID: PMC9698046 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12111147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The disease burden of neurodegenerative diseases is on the rise due to the aging population, and neuroinflammation is one of the underlying causes. Spirulina platensis is a well-known superfood with numerous reported bioactivities. However, the effect of S. platensis Universiti Malaya Algae Culture Collection 159 (UMACC 159) (a strain isolated from Israel) on proinflammatory mediators and cytokines remains unknown. In this study, we aimed to determine the anti-neuroinflammatory activity of S. platensis extracts and identify the potential bioactive compounds. S. platensis extracts (hexane, ethyl acetate, ethanol, and aqueous) were screened for phytochemical content and antioxidant activity. Ethanol extract was studied for its effect on proinflammatory mediators and cytokines in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced BV2 microglia. The potential bioactive compounds were identified using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometric (LC-MS) analysis. Ethanol extract had the highest flavonoid content and antioxidant and nitric oxide (NO) inhibitory activity. Ethanol extract completely inhibited the production of NO via the downregulation of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and significantly reduced the production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-6. Emmotin A, palmitic amide, and 1-monopalmitin, which might play an important role in cell signaling, have been identified. In conclusion, S. platensis ethanol extract inhibited neuroinflammation through the downregulation of NO, TNF-α and IL-6. This preliminary study provided insight into compound(s) isolation, which could contribute to the development of precision nutrition for disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ee-Ling Ngu
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia
| | - Cheng-Yau Tan
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia
| | - Nicole Jean-Yean Lai
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia
| | - Kah-Hui Wong
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Siew-Huah Lim
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Long Chiau Ming
- PAPRSB Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong BE1410, Brunei
| | - Kuan-Onn Tan
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia
| | - Siew-Moi Phang
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
- Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences (IOES), Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Yoon-Yen Yow
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia
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Balázs B, Tóth Z, Kacsir I, Sipos A, Buglyó P, Somsák L, Bokor É, Kardos G, Bai P. Targeting Multiresistant Gram-Positive Bacteria by Ruthenium, Osmium, Iridium and Rhodium Half-Sandwich Type Complexes With Bidentate Monosaccharide Ligands. Front Chem 2022; 10:868234. [PMID: 35494644 PMCID: PMC9039051 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.868234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial resistance to antibiotics is an ever-growing problem in heathcare. We have previously identified a set of osmium(II), ruthenium(II), iridium(III) and rhodium(III) half-sandwich type complexes with bidentate monosaccharide ligands possessing cytostatic properties against carcinoma, lymphoma and sarcoma cells with low micromolar or submicromolar IC50 values. Importantly, these complexes were not active on primary, non-transformed cells. These complexes have now been assessed as to their antimicrobial properties and found to be potent inhibitors of the growth of reference strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis (Gram-positive species), though the compounds proved inactive on reference strains of Pseudomonas aerugonisa, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans, Candida auris and Acinetobacter baumannii (Gram-negative species and fungi). Furthermore, clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus sp. (both multiresistant and susceptible strains) were also susceptible to the organometallic complexes in this study with similar MIC values as the reference strains. Taken together, we identified a set of osmium(II), ruthenium(II), iridium(III) and rhodium(III) half-sandwich type antineoplastic organometallic complexes which also have antimicrobial activity among Gram-positive bacteria. These compounds represent a novel class of antimicrobial agents that are not detoxified by multiresistant bacteria suggesting a potential to be used to combat multiresistant infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bence Balázs
- Department of Metagenomics, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Tóth
- Department of Metagenomics, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - István Kacsir
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Adrienn Sipos
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Péter Buglyó
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - László Somsák
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Éva Bokor
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- *Correspondence: Éva Bokor, ; Gábor Kardos, ; Péter Bai,
| | - Gábor Kardos
- Department of Metagenomics, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- *Correspondence: Éva Bokor, ; Gábor Kardos, ; Péter Bai,
| | - Péter Bai
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- NKFIH-DE Lendület Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism, Debrecen, Hungary
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- *Correspondence: Éva Bokor, ; Gábor Kardos, ; Péter Bai,
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Oliveira JR, de Freitas DB, de Oliveira JFR, Mele G, Mazzetto SE, Lomonaco D. New opportunity for sustainable benzoxazine synthesis: A straight and convenient one-pot protocol for formaldehyde-free bio-based polymers. Eur Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2021.110596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Tabassum N, Varras PC, Arshad F, Choudhary MI, Yousuf S. Biological activity tuning of antibacterial urotropine via co-crystallization: synthesis, biological activity evaluation and computational insight. CrystEngComm 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ce00226g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Urotropine (1) is a synthetic heterocyclic antibacterial agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nida Tabassum
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry
- International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences
- University of Karachi
- Karachi-75270
- Pakistan
| | - Panayiotis C. Varras
- Section of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Ioannina
- GR-45110 Ioannina
- Greece
| | - Fiza Arshad
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry
- International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences
- University of Karachi
- Karachi-75270
- Pakistan
| | - Muhammad I. Choudhary
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry
- International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences
- University of Karachi
- Karachi-75270
- Pakistan
| | - Sammer Yousuf
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry
- International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences
- University of Karachi
- Karachi-75270
- Pakistan
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