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Ahmadi A, Pascoe M, Larimian M, Zarifian T, Massoodi A, Pirfirouzjaei F, Amadeh Z, Malmir Z. Phonological development in first language Laki-speaking children aged 3 to 5 years: A pilot study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY 2024; 26:493-504. [PMID: 37550987 DOI: 10.1080/17549507.2023.2214712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To date there are no studies of speech sound acquisition in Laki, a language spoken in western regions of Iran. Thus, we set out a pilot study to investigate the speech development of 56 first language Laki-speaking children (aged 3-5 years). METHOD Single words were elicited through a picture naming test specifically developed for this study. After recording and transcribing of speech samples, percentage of consonants correct (PCC), percentage of vowels correct (PVC), and proportion of whole word proximity (PWP) were documented in four age groups (36-41, 42-47, 48-53, and 54-59 months) and both genders. Children's phonetic inventories and consonant and vowel accuracy were also described. RESULT All the sounds were considered as emerging by 53 months of age. For speech sound accuracy, all the speech sounds except /ɢ, z, ŋ, ʒ/ were mastered by 5 years. The effect of age on PCC values was significant. Also, age groups showed significant differences for PWP but were not significant for PVC. Boys and girls did not differ for PCC, PVC, and PWP values. CONCLUSION From a theoretical perspective, findings contribute to theories about phonological acquisition in general and will enable crosslinguistic comparisons. From an applied standpoint, language-specific characteristics are identified, which are much needed for clinical practice with Laki-speaking children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akram Ahmadi
- Department of Speech Therapy, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
- Mobility Impairment Research Center, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Michelle Pascoe
- Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Marjan Larimian
- Mobility Impairment Research Center, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Talieh Zarifian
- Department of Speech Therapy, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Armon Massoodi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | | | - Zahra Amadeh
- Mobility Impairment Research Center, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Zahra Malmir
- School of Science and Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Science, Hamadan, Iran
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Fatemi Syadar S, Zarifian T, Pascoe M, Modarresi Y. Phonological acquisition in 3- to 5-year-old Kurdish-Speaking children in Iran. JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATION DISORDERS 2021; 93:106141. [PMID: 34304078 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcomdis.2021.106141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND given the lack of sufficient information and research about phonological acquisition in the Kurdish language, the aim of this study was to examine phonological acquisition in typically developing Kurdish-speaking children. Three analyses were performed: (1) the age of customary, acquisition and mastery production of Kurdish consonants; (2) phonological accuracy and the age of phonological pattern suppression; and (3) effect of age and sex on speech sound acquisition. METHODS this research assessed 120 monolingual Kurdish-speaking children aged 3;0 to 5;0 years. The participants were selected randomly from the health center of Bukan city, Iran. Acquisition of 29 Kurdish consonants was assessed using the Kurdish Speech Test. FINDINGS results found that Kurdish-speaking children had acquired all the vowels before 3;0 and all the consonants in the three positions of initial, medial and final up to 4;6 years old, with the exception of /ʤ/ in initial position, /ɣ/ in medial position and /ʒ/, /z/, /ɡ/, /ɣ/ in final position. Consonant production in initial position was more accurate than in medial and final positions. The accuracy of Kurdish vowels and consonants improves with increasing age as phonological patterns decrease. There was no significant sex difference within the age groups; however, overall, a statistically significant difference was noted for fricative production and for production of word final consonants in the older groups with females outperforming males. CONCLUSIONS the present study is the first investigation of speech sound acquisition in Kurdish-speaking children. Knowledge of typical speech sound acquisition provides a basis for speech-language pathologists working with Kurdish-speaking children to differentiate children with typical development from those with speech delays and speech sound disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahla Fatemi Syadar
- Department of Speech therapy, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Speech Therapy, School of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Talieh Zarifian
- Department of Speech therapy, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Michelle Pascoe
- Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Yahya Modarresi
- Department of Linguistics, Institute for Humanities and Cultural Studies, Tehran, Iran
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Másdóttir T, McLeod S, Crowe K. Icelandic Children's Acquisition of Consonants and Consonant Clusters. JOURNAL OF SPEECH, LANGUAGE, AND HEARING RESEARCH : JSLHR 2021; 64:1490-1502. [PMID: 33900802 DOI: 10.1044/2021_jslhr-20-00463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Purpose This study investigated Icelandic-speaking children's acquisition of singleton consonants and consonant clusters. Method Participants were 437 typically developing children aged 2;6-7;11 (years;months) acquiring Icelandic as their first language. Single-word speech samples of the 47 single consonants and 45 consonant clusters were collected using Málhljóðapróf ÞM (ÞM's Test of Speech Sound Disorders). Results Percentage of consonants correct for children aged 2;6-2;11 was 73.12 (SD = 13.33) and increased to 98.55 (SD = 3.24) for children aged 7;0-7;11. Overall, singleton consonants were more likely to be accurate than consonant clusters. The earliest consonants to be acquired were /m, n, p, t, j, h/ in word-initial position and /f, l/ within words. The last consonants to be acquired were /x, r, r̥, s, θ, n̥/, and consonant clusters in word-initial /sv-, stl-, str-, skr-, θr-/, within-word /-ðr-, -tl-/, and word-final /-kl̥, -xt/ contexts. Within-word phonemes were more often accurate than those in word-initial position, with word-final position the least accurate. Accuracy of production was significantly related to increasing age, but not sex. Conclusions This is the first comprehensive study of consonants and consonant cluster acquisition by typically developing Icelandic-speaking children. The findings align with trends for other Germanic languages; however, there are notable language-specific differences of clinical importance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kathryn Crowe
- University of Iceland, Reykjavík
- Charles Sturt University, Bathurst, Australia
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Bettens K, Bruneel L, Alighieri C, Sseremba D, Musasizib D, Ojok I, Hodges A, Galiwango G, Adriaansen A, D'haeseleer E, Vermeersch H, Van Lierde K. Perceptual Speech Outcomes After Early Primary Palatal Repair in Ugandan Patients With Cleft Palate. Cleft Palate Craniofac J 2020; 58:999-1011. [PMID: 33380217 DOI: 10.1177/1055665620980249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To provide speech outcomes of English-speaking Ugandan patients with a cleft palate with or without cleft lip (CP±L). DESIGN Prospective case-control study. SETTING Referral hospital for patients with cleft lip and palate in Uganda. PARTICIPANTS Twenty-four English-speaking Ugandan children with a CP±L (15 boys, 9 girls, mean 8.4 years) who received palatal closure prior to 6 months of age and an age- and gender-matched control group of Ugandan children without cleft palate. INTERVENTIONS Comparison of speech outcomes of the patient and control group. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Perceptual speech outcomes including articulation, resonance, speech understandability and acceptability, and velopharyngeal composite score (VPC-sum). Information regarding speech therapy, fistula rate, and secondary surgery. RESULTS Normal speech understandability was observed in 42% of the patients, and 38% were judged with normal speech acceptability. Only 16% showed compensatory articulation. Acceptable resonance was found in 71%, and 75% of the patients were judged perceptually to present with competent velopharyngeal function based on the VPC-sum. Additional speech intervention was recommended in 25% of the patients. Statistically significant differences for all these variables were still observed with the control children (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS Overall, acceptable speech outcomes were found after early primary palatal closure. Comparable or even better results were found in comparison with international benchmarks, especially regarding the presence of compensatory articulation. Whether this approach is transferable to Western countries is the subject for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Bettens
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Center for Speech and Language Sciences (CESLAS), 26656Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Laura Bruneel
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Center for Speech and Language Sciences (CESLAS), 26656Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Cassandra Alighieri
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Center for Speech and Language Sciences (CESLAS), 26656Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Daniel Sseremba
- Speech-Language Pathologist, Comprehensive Rehabilitation Services in Uganda (CoRSU), Kisubi, Uganda
| | - Duncan Musasizib
- Speech-Language Pathologist, Comprehensive Rehabilitation Services in Uganda (CoRSU), Kisubi, Uganda
| | - Isaac Ojok
- Speech-Language Pathologist, Comprehensive Rehabilitation Services in Uganda (CoRSU), Kisubi, Uganda
| | - Andrew Hodges
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgeon, Comprehensive Rehabilitation Services in Uganda (CoRSU), Kisubi, Uganda
| | - George Galiwango
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgeon, Comprehensive Rehabilitation Services in Uganda (CoRSU), Kisubi, Uganda
| | - Anke Adriaansen
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Center for Speech and Language Sciences (CESLAS), 26656Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Evelien D'haeseleer
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Center for Speech and Language Sciences (CESLAS), 26656Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hubert Vermeersch
- Department of Head and Skin, 26656Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Plastic Surgery, 26656Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kristiane Van Lierde
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Center for Speech and Language Sciences (CESLAS), 26656Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Zarifian T, Fotuhi M. Phonological development in Persian-speaking children: A cross-sectional study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY 2020; 22:614-625. [PMID: 32434392 DOI: 10.1080/17549507.2020.1758209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The Persian language is a member of the Western Iranian branch of the Indo-Iranian family within the Indo-European language family. Here, we aimed to study phonological development in Persian-speaking children. METHOD The speech samples were collected from 387 children, aged 3-6 years old, using two picture-naming tasks: Persian Articulation and Phonology tests, which were used to study phonetic and phonemic inventories, phoneme accuracy, and the age of error patterns suppression. RESULT Vowels are acquired at three or earlier. Acquisition of all consonants in the initial position precedes that of the final position. Older children had higher values in phoneme accuracy compared with those of the younger children. Although no significant effects of gender on phonological development were found, girls had higher accuracy scores compared with boys. Final devoicing and cluster reduction were the last error patterns which were suppressed by 6.0. CONCLUSION The results showed that the accuracy of children's productions grew with age and the number of error patterns decreased. It seems that there are some similarities between phonological developments in different languages; however, it is still important to study language specific tendencies to be used in clinical settings and speech sound development research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talieh Zarifian
- Speech Therapy, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mina Fotuhi
- Speech Therapy, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Amoako WK, Stemberger JP, Bernhardt BM, Tessier AM. Acquisition of consonants among typically developing Akan-speaking children: A preliminary report. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY 2020; 22:626-636. [PMID: 33337249 DOI: 10.1080/17549507.2020.1825804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Although Akan is one of the most widely spoken indigenous languages in Ghana, very little is known about children's phonological development. This paper investigates the development of consonants in Akan among typically developing children aged 3-5 years. METHOD A list of 103 Akan words was compiled, sampling the full range of prosodic structures, sound positions, features and segments, and controlling for word familiarity. A native Akan speaker audio-recorded the 103 single-word productions from each of nine typically developing children aged 3-5 years. The child productions were transcribed and analysed following procedures used in a larger cross-linguistic study. The current study presents results on the acquisition of consonants across the various ages. RESULT Preliminary results indicate that most consonants in Akan are mastered by age 4 or 5, similar to reports for other languages, although /w/ and /l/ showed late mastery, contrary to cross-linguistic observations. The rhotic /ɹ/ and consonants with secondary articulation were still developing at age 4 and showing a variety of mismatch patterns across children. CONCLUSION The findings provide preliminary information for developmentalists and speech-language pathologists on typical phonological development in Akan and contribute to a growing database on language acquisition in Niger-Congo languages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy Kwakye Amoako
- Department of Linguistics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Barbara May Bernhardt
- School of Audiology and Speech Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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van Haaften L, Diepeveen S, van den Engel-Hoek L, de Swart B, Maassen B. Speech sound development in typically developing 2-7-year-old Dutch-speaking children: A normative cross-sectional study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LANGUAGE & COMMUNICATION DISORDERS 2020; 55:971-987. [PMID: 33111376 DOI: 10.1111/1460-6984.12575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dutch is a West-Germanic language spoken natively by around 24 million speakers. Although studies on typical Dutch speech sound development have been conducted, norms for phonetic and phonological characteristics of typical development in a large sample with a sufficient age range are lacking. AIM To give a detailed description of the speech sound development of typically developing Dutch-speaking children from 2 to 7 years. METHODS & PROCEDURES A total of 1503 typically developing children evenly distributed across the age range of 2;0-6;11 years participated in this normative cross-sectional study. The picture-naming task of the Computer Articulation Instrument (CAI) was used to collect speech samples. Speech development was described in terms of (1) percentage consonants correct-revised (PCC-R) and percentage vowels correct (PVC); (2) consonant, vowel and syllabic structure inventories; (3) degrees of complexity (phonemic feature hierarchy); and (4) phonological processes. OUTCOMES & RESULTS A two-way mixed analysis of variance (ANOVA) confirmed a significant increase in the number of PCC-R and PVC between the ages of 2;0 and 6;11 years (p < 0.001). The consonant inventory was found to be complete at 3;7 years of age for the syllable-initial consonants, with the exception of the voiced fricatives /v/ and /z/, and the liquid /r/. All syllable-final consonants were acquired before age 4;4 years. At age 3;4 years, all children had acquired a complete vowel inventory, and at age 4;7 years they produced most syllable structures correctly, albeit that the syllable structure CCVCC was still developing. All phonological contrasts were produced correctly at 3;8 years of age. Children in the younger age groups used more phonological simplification processes than the older children, and by age 4;4 years, all had disappeared, except for the initial cluster reduction from three to two consonants and the final cluster reduction from two to one consonant. CONCLUSIONS & IMPLICATIONS This paper describes a large normative cross-sectional study of Dutch speech sound development which, in clinical practice, can help Dutch speech-language pathologists to differentiate children with delayed or disordered speech development from typically developing children. What this paper adds What is already known on this subject In recent years many studies have been conducted worldwide to investigate speech sound development in different languages, including several that explored the typical speech sound development of Dutch-speaking children, but none of these latter studies explored both phonetic and phonological progress within a comprehensive age range and a large sample that is representative of the Dutch population. What this study adds to existing knowledge This study serves to fill this gap by providing normative cross-sectional results obtained in 1503 typically developing Dutch-speaking children aged between 2;0 and 6;11 years on informative parameters of speech development: PCC-R and PVC, consonant, vowel and syllabic structure inventories, degrees of complexity (phonemic feature hierarchy), and phonological simplification processes. What are the potential or actual clinical implications of this work? The detailed description of typical Dutch speech sound development provides speech-language pathologists with pertinent information to determine whether a child's speech development progresses typically or is delayed or disordered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leenke van Haaften
- Department of Rehabilitation, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Sanne Diepeveen
- Department of Rehabilitation, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- HAN University of Applied Sciences, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Lenie van den Engel-Hoek
- Department of Rehabilitation, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Bert de Swart
- Department of Rehabilitation, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- HAN University of Applied Sciences, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Ben Maassen
- Groningen University, Centre for Language and Cognition, Groningen, the Netherlands
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Aalto E, Saaristo-Helin K, Stolt S. Phonological development of Finnish speaking children at 3;6 and associations to previous and simultaneous lexical ability. CLINICAL LINGUISTICS & PHONETICS 2020; 34:617-633. [PMID: 31661342 DOI: 10.1080/02699206.2019.1681517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies of Finnish children's phonological development focus mainly on children under 2;0. Earlier findings have suggested that phonological and lexical development are strongly associated at an early age. However, less is known about the longitudinal association. This study describes the phonological skills of Finnish-speaking children at 3;6 and compares them with early lexicon size at 2;0 and lexical ability at 3;6 (N = 67). The children's phonological development was measured using The Finnish Phonology Test. Lexical development was evaluated using the Finnish, long-form version of the Communicative Development Inventory at 2;0 and the Boston naming test at 3;6 At 3;6, all children mastered the vowels and diphthongs fully, and most of the children also mastered the consonants, with the exception of the phonemes/d/and/r/. Phonotactic skills had also been acquired well at this group level, although the word-medial and, especially, word-initial consonant clusters were still challenging. The percentage of phonemes correct was 95. Both paradigmatic and phonotactic skills at 3;6 were significantly associated with lexicon size at 2;0. In addition phonotactic skills correlated with naming ability at 3;6. Lexical development at 2;0 explained 21% of the variance in the phonological development at 3;6, whereas, the explaining value of simultaneous lexical skill was limited (9%). Present findings propose that associations between lexical and phonological skills weaken as phonological skills become more honed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eija Aalto
- Faculty of Humanities, Research Unit of Logopedics Logopedics, University of Oulu , Oulu, Finland
| | - Katri Saaristo-Helin
- Department of Psychology and Speech-Language Pathology (Logopedics), University of Helsinki , Helsinki, Finland
| | - Suvi Stolt
- Department of Psychology and Speech-Language Pathology (Logopedics), University of Helsinki , Helsinki, Finland
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van Haaften L, Diepeveen S, van den Engel-Hoek L, Jonker M, de Swart B, Maassen B. The Psychometric Evaluation of a Speech Production Test Battery for Children: The Reliability and Validity of the Computer Articulation Instrument. JOURNAL OF SPEECH, LANGUAGE, AND HEARING RESEARCH : JSLHR 2019; 62:2141-2170. [PMID: 31246524 DOI: 10.1044/2018_jslhr-s-18-0274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Purpose The aims of this study were to assess the reliability and validity of the Computer Articulation Instrument (CAI), a speech production test battery assessing phonological and speech motor skills in 4 tasks: (1) picture naming, (2) nonword imitation, (3) word and nonword repetition, and (4) maximum repetition rate (MRR). Method Normative data were collected in 1,524 typically developing Dutch-speaking children (aged between 2;0 and 7;0 [years;months]). Parameters were extracted on segmental and syllabic accuracy (Tasks 1 and 2), consistency (Task 3), and syllables per second (Task 4). Interrater reliability and test-retest reliability were analyzed using subgroups of the normative sample and studied by estimating intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs). Construct validity was investigated by determining age-related changes of test results and factor analyses of the extracted speech measures. Results ICCs for interrater reliability ranged from sufficient to good, except for percentage of vowels correct of picture naming and nonword imitation and for the MRRs for bisyllabic and trisyllabic items. The ICCs for test-retest reliability were sufficient (picture naming, nonword imitation) to insufficient (word and nonword repetition, MRR) due to larger-than-expected normal development and learning effects. Continuous norms showed developmental patterns for all CAI parameters. The factor analyses revealed 5 meaningful factors: all picture-naming parameters, the segmental parameters of nonword imitation, the syllabic structure parameters of nonword imitation, (non)word repetition consistency, and all MRR parameters. Conclusion Its overall sufficient to good psychometric properties indicate that the CAI is a reliable and valid instrument for the assessment of typical and delayed speech development in Dutch children in the ages of 2-7 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leenke van Haaften
- Department of Rehabilitation, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Sanne Diepeveen
- Department of Rehabilitation, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- HAN University of Applied Sciences, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Lenie van den Engel-Hoek
- Department of Rehabilitation, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Marianne Jonker
- Department for Health Evidence, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Bert de Swart
- Department of Rehabilitation, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- HAN University of Applied Sciences, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Ben Maassen
- Center for Language and Cognition, Groningen University, the Netherlands
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Syadar SF, Zarifian T, Modarresi Y, Zahedi MS, Ebrahimipour M, Biglarian A. Kurdish Speech Test: A validation study for children aged 3-5 years. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2019; 117:61-66. [PMID: 30579091 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2018.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2018] [Revised: 08/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Speech disorder in children is the most common disorder reported by speech and language pathologists in all languages and its evaluation and diagnosis requires valid and reliable tools. This study aimed to develop a Kurdish Speech Test for children aged 3-5 years and to determine its psychometric properties. METHODS The validation included 120 monolingual Kurdish-speaking children aged 3-5 years in the city of Bukan, Iran. Content validity was determined according to expert opinions of Kurdish speech and language pathologists and linguists. Test-retest (one-week interval) and scoring-rescoring by two independent examiners were conducted to determine intra- and inter-rater reliability. The tests ability to discriminate between four age groups (36-60 months) was investigated for construct validity. Differences related to gender were assessed. RESULTS Intra- and inter-rater reliability showed no significant difference between the first and second week of administration (p < 0.001) and scoring-rescoring by two independent raters confirmed the reliability of the Kurdish Speech Test (P < 0.001). Discriminating properties, reflecting construct validity showed higher scores with increasing age. No gender differences were found. CONCLUSION The Kurdish Speech Test is a reliable and valid instrument for evaluation of articulation in three-to-five-year-old children. Results suggest that the test is appropriate for clinical assessment of children with speech sound disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahla Fatemi Syadar
- Department of Speech Therapy, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Talieh Zarifian
- Department of Speech Therapy, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Yahya Modarresi
- Department of Linguistics, Institute for Humanities and Cultural Studies, Tehran, Iran.
| | | | - Mona Ebrahimipour
- Department of Speech Therapy, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Akbar Biglarian
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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McLeod S, Crowe K. Children's Consonant Acquisition in 27 Languages: A Cross-Linguistic Review. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY 2018; 27:1546-1571. [PMID: 30177993 DOI: 10.1044/2018_ajslp-17-0100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to provide a cross-linguistic review of acquisition of consonant phonemes to inform speech-language pathologists' expectations of children's developmental capacity by (a) identifying characteristics of studies of consonant acquisition, (b) describing general principles of consonant acquisition, and (c) providing case studies for English, Japanese, Korean, and Spanish. METHOD A cross-linguistic review was undertaken of 60 articles describing 64 studies of consonant acquisition by 26,007 children from 31 countries in 27 languages: Afrikaans, Arabic, Cantonese, Danish, Dutch, English, French, German, Greek, Haitian Creole, Hebrew, Hungarian, Icelandic, Italian, Jamaican Creole, Japanese, Korean, Malay, Maltese, Mandarin (Putonghua), Portuguese, Setswana (Tswana), Slovenian, Spanish, Swahili, Turkish, and Xhosa. RESULTS Most studies were cross-sectional and examined single word production. Combining data from 27 languages, most of the world's consonants were acquired by 5;0 years;months old. By 5;0, children produced at least 93% of consonants correctly. Plosives, nasals, and nonpulmonic consonants (e.g., clicks) were acquired earlier than trills, flaps, fricatives, and affricates. Most labial, pharyngeal, and posterior lingual consonants were acquired earlier than consonants with anterior tongue placement. However, there was an interaction between place and manner where plosives and nasals produced with anterior tongue placement were acquired earlier than anterior trills, fricatives, and affricates. CONCLUSIONS Children across the world acquire consonants at a young age. Five-year-old children have acquired most consonants within their ambient language; however, individual variability should be considered. SUPPLEMENTAL MATERIAL https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.6972857.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharynne McLeod
- Charles Sturt University, Bathurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kathryn Crowe
- Charles Sturt University, Bathurst, New South Wales, Australia
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Tresoldi M, Barillari MR, Ambrogi F, Sai E, Barillari U, Tozzi E, Scarponi L, Schindler A. Normative and validation data of an articulation test for Italian-speaking children. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2018; 110:81-86. [PMID: 29859594 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2018.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2017] [Revised: 04/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES As a standardized instrument to assess speech sound development in Italian-speaking children is currently lacking, norms used to diagnose speech sound disorders (SSD) are mainly based on studies including English-speaking participants. This application may result in misidentification of SSD due to linguistic differences. The aims of the study were to establish normative data on speech sound development of Italian-speaking children and to evaluate psychometric properties of Rossi's articulation test, the picture-naming test selected to assess speech sound development. METHODS A cross-sectional study including 694 normally-developing Italian-speaking children aged from 3 to 7 years was conducted. Children were administered Rossi's articulation test, and percentages of speech sound correct production were calculated. To evaluate inter-rater reliability of the test, audio-recordings of 50 children were scored by an additional examiner. The same rater scored the audio-recordings of 50 children twice with an interval of at least 1 week. To evaluate test-retest reliability, 144 participants were re-tested after 1-3 weeks by the same assessor. Scores were compared through Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC). To assess construct validity, the developmental progression of total scores across age groups was verified by the estimation of the reference range for the test, using a regression procedure. RESULTS Almost all Italian children in the sample produced vowels and approximants correctly. Singleton consonants were acquired before consonant clusters. Ages of acquisition of each consonant were presented: plosives and nasals were early mastered by Italian children, while dental affricates, alveolar fricatives and the palatal lateral were the latest acquired segments. All ICCs were superior to 0.9 (reliability). A statistically significant improvement in test score with age was found (construct validity). CONCLUSIONS The paper provides normative data for speech sound development of Italian-speaking children; preliminary psychometric analysis of Rossi's articulation test revealed satisfactory reliability and construct validity. Clinicians are recommended to use Rossi's articulation test to assess speech sound development in Italian children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Tresoldi
- Department of Clinical Sciences 'L. Sacco', University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
| | | | - Federico Ambrogi
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Sai
- Department of Clinical Sciences 'L. Sacco', University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Umberto Barillari
- Department of Audiology and Phoniatrics, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Elvira Tozzi
- Department of Audiology and Phoniatrics, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Letizia Scarponi
- Department of Clinical Sciences 'L. Sacco', University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonio Schindler
- Department of Clinical Sciences 'L. Sacco', University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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