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Vander Griend JA, Isenberg RY, Kotla KR, Mandel MJ. Transcriptional pathways across colony biofilm models in the symbiont Vibrio fischeri. mSystems 2024; 9:e0081523. [PMID: 38126773 PMCID: PMC10804989 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00815-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Beneficial microbial symbionts that are horizontally acquired by their animal hosts undergo a lifestyle transition from free-living in the environment to associating with host tissues. In the model symbiosis between the Hawaiian bobtail squid and its microbial symbiont Vibrio fischeri, one mechanism used to make this transition during host colonization is the formation of biofilm-like aggregates in host mucosa. Previous work identified factors that are sufficient to induce V. fischeri biofilm formation, yet much remains unknown regarding the breadth of target genes induced by these factors. Here, we probed two widely used in vitro models of biofilm formation to identify novel regulatory pathways in the squid symbiont V. fischeri ES114. We discovered a shared set of 232 genes that demonstrated similar patterns in expression in both models. These genes comprise multiple exopolysaccharide loci that are upregulated and flagellar motility genes that are downregulated, with a consistent decrease in measured swimming motility. Furthermore, we identified genes regulated downstream of the key sensor kinase RscS that are induced independent of the response regulator SypG. Our data suggest that transcriptional regulator VpsR plays a strong role in expression of at least a subset of these genes. Overall, this study adds to our understanding of the genes involved in V. fischeri biofilm regulation while revealing new regulatory pathways branching from previously characterized signaling networks.IMPORTANCEThe V. fischeri-squid system provides an opportunity to study biofilm development both in the animal host and in culture-based biofilm models that capture key aspects of in vivo signaling. In this work, we report the results of the transcriptomic profiling of two V. fischeri biofilm models followed by phenotypic validation and examination of novel signaling pathway architecture. Remarkable consistency between the models provides a strong basis for future studies using either approach or both. A subset of the factors identified by the approaches were validated in the work, and the body of transcriptomic data provides a number of leads for future studies in culture and during animal colonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob A. Vander Griend
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Microbiology Doctoral Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Ruth Y. Isenberg
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Microbiology Doctoral Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Ketan R. Kotla
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Mark J. Mandel
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Microbiology Doctoral Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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Zhang W, Chen K, Zhang L, Zhang X, Zhu B, Lv N, Mi K. The impact of global warming on the signature virulence gene, thermolabile hemolysin, of Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0150223. [PMID: 37843303 PMCID: PMC10715048 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01502-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE In this study, Vibrio parahaemolyticus strains were collected from a large number of aquatic products globally and found that temperature has an impact on the virulence of these bacteria. As global temperatures rise, mutations in a gene marker called thermolabile hemolysin (tlh) also increase. This suggests that environmental isolates adapt to the warming environment and become more pathogenic. The findings can help in developing tools to analyze and monitor these bacteria as well as assess any link between climate change and vibrio-associated diseases, which could be used for forecasting outbreaks associated with them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weishan Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Keyu Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Shijiazhuang Customs Technology Center, Hebei, China
| | - Ximeng Zhang
- Science and Technology Research Center of China Customs, Beijing, China
| | - Baoli Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Na Lv
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kaixia Mi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Diner RE, Zimmer-Faust A, Cooksey E, Allard S, Kodera SM, Kunselman E, Garodia Y, Verhougstraete MP, Allen AE, Griffith J, Gilbert JA. Host and Water Microbiota Are Differentially Linked to Potential Human Pathogen Accumulation in Oysters. Appl Environ Microbiol 2023; 89:e0031823. [PMID: 37318344 PMCID: PMC10370324 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00318-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Oysters play an important role in coastal ecology and are a globally popular seafood source. However, their filter-feeding lifestyle enables coastal pathogens, toxins, and pollutants to accumulate in their tissues, potentially endangering human health. While pathogen concentrations in coastal waters are often linked to environmental conditions and runoff events, these do not always correlate with pathogen concentrations in oysters. Additional factors related to the microbial ecology of pathogenic bacteria and their relationship with oyster hosts likely play a role in accumulation but are poorly understood. In this study, we investigated whether microbial communities in water and oysters were linked to accumulation of Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Vibrio vulnificus, or fecal indicator bacteria. Site-specific environmental conditions significantly influenced microbial communities and potential pathogen concentrations in water. Oyster microbial communities, however, exhibited less variability in microbial community diversity and accumulation of target bacteria overall and were less impacted by environmental differences between sites. Instead, changes in specific microbial taxa in oyster and water samples, particularly in oyster digestive glands, were linked to elevated levels of potential pathogens. For example, increased levels of V. parahaemolyticus were associated with higher relative abundances of cyanobacteria, which could represent an environmental vector for Vibrio spp. transport, and with decreased relative abundance of Mycoplasma and other key members of the oyster digestive gland microbiota. These findings suggest that host and microbial factors, in addition to environmental variables, may influence pathogen accumulation in oysters. IMPORTANCE Bacteria in the marine environment cause thousands of human illnesses annually. Bivalves are a popular seafood source and are important in coastal ecology, but their ability to concentrate pathogens from the water can cause human illness, threatening seafood safety and security. To predict and prevent disease, it is critical to understand what causes pathogenic bacteria to accumulate in bivalves. In this study, we examined how environmental factors and host and water microbial communities were linked to potential human pathogen accumulation in oysters. Oyster microbial communities were more stable than water communities, and both contained the highest concentrations of Vibrio parahaemolyticus at sites with warmer temperatures and lower salinities. High oyster V. parahaemolyticus concentrations corresponded with abundant cyanobacteria, a potential vector for transmission, and a decrease in potentially beneficial oyster microbes. Our study suggests that poorly understood factors, including host and water microbiota, likely play a role in pathogen distribution and pathogen transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel E. Diner
- University of California, San Diego, Department of Pediatrics, La Jolla, California, USA
- University of California, San Diego, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Amy Zimmer-Faust
- Southern California Coastal Water Research Project, Microbiology Group, Costa Mesa, California, USA
| | - Emily Cooksey
- Environment, Exposure Science and Risk Assessment Center, University of Arizona Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Sarah Allard
- University of California, San Diego, Department of Pediatrics, La Jolla, California, USA
- University of California, San Diego, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Sho M. Kodera
- University of California, San Diego, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Emily Kunselman
- University of California, San Diego, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Yash Garodia
- University of California, San Diego, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Marc P. Verhougstraete
- Environment, Exposure Science and Risk Assessment Center, University of Arizona Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Andrew E. Allen
- University of California, San Diego, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, California, USA
- J. Craig Venter Institute, Environmental and Microbial Genomics Group, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - John Griffith
- Southern California Coastal Water Research Project, Microbiology Group, Costa Mesa, California, USA
| | - Jack A. Gilbert
- University of California, San Diego, Department of Pediatrics, La Jolla, California, USA
- University of California, San Diego, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, California, USA
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Almagro-Moreno S, Martinez-Urtaza J, Pukatzki S. Vibrio Infections and the Twenty-First Century. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1404:1-16. [PMID: 36792868 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-22997-8_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
The Vibrionaceae is a highly diverse family of aquatic bacteria. Some members of this ubiquitous group can cause a variety of diseases in humans ranging from cholera caused by Vibrio cholerae, severe septicemia caused by Vibrio vulnificus, to acute gastroenteritis by Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Planet Earth is experiencing unprecedented changes of planetary scale associated with climate change. These environmental perturbations paired with overpopulation and pollution are increasing the distribution of pathogenic Vibrios and exacerbating the risk of causing infections. In this chapter, we discuss various aspects of Vibrio infections within the context of the twenty-first century with a major emphasis on the aforementioned pathogenic species. Overall, we believe that the twenty-first century is posed to be both one full of challenges due to the rise of these pathogens, and also a catalyst for innovative and groundbreaking discoveries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvador Almagro-Moreno
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA. .,National Center for Integrated Coastal Research, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA.
| | - Jaime Martinez-Urtaza
- Department de Genetica I de Microbiologia, Facultat de Biociencies, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Stefan Pukatzki
- Department of Biology, The City College of New York, New York, NY, USA
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Environmental Reservoirs of Pathogenic Vibrio spp. and Their Role in Disease: The List Keeps Expanding. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1404:99-126. [PMID: 36792873 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-22997-8_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Vibrio species are natural inhabitants of aquatic environments and have complex interactions with the environment that drive the evolution of traits contributing to their survival. These traits may also contribute to their ability to invade or colonize animal and human hosts. In this review, we attempt to summarize the relationships of Vibrio spp. with other organisms in the aquatic environment and discuss how these interactions could potentially impact colonization of animal and human hosts.
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Fries B, Davis BJK, Corrigan AE, DePaola A, Curriero FC. Nested Spatial and Temporal Modeling of Environmental Conditions Associated With Genetic Markers of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in Washington State Pacific Oysters. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:849336. [PMID: 35432254 PMCID: PMC9007611 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.849336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The Pacific Northwest (PNW) is one of the largest commercial harvesting areas for Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas) in the United States. Vibrio parahaemolyticus, a bacterium naturally present in estuarine waters accumulates in shellfish and is a major cause of seafood-borne illness. Growers, consumers, and public-health officials have raised concerns about rising vibriosis cases in the region. Vibrio parahaemolyticus genetic markers (tlh, tdh, and trh) were estimated using an most-probable-number (MPN)-PCR technique in Washington State Pacific oysters regularly sampled between May and October from 2005 to 2019 (N = 2,836); environmental conditions were also measured at each sampling event. Multilevel mixed-effects regression models were used to assess relationships between environmental measures and genetic markers as well as genetic marker ratios (trh:tlh, tdh:tlh, and tdh:trh), accounting for variation across space and time. Spatial and temporal dependence were also accounted for in the model structure. Model fit improved when including environmental measures from previous weeks (1-week lag for air temperature, 3-week lag for salinity). Positive associations were found between tlh and surface water temp, specifically between 15 and 26°C, and between trh and surface water temperature up to 26°C. tlh and trh were negatively associated with 3-week lagged salinity in the most saline waters (> 27 ppt). There was also a positive relationship between tissue temperature and tdh, but only above 20°C. The tdh:tlh ratio displayed analogous inverted non-linear relationships as tlh. The non-linear associations found between the genetic targets and environmental measures demonstrate the complex habitat suitability of V. parahaemolyticus. Additional associations with both spatial and temporal variables also suggest there are influential unmeasured environmental conditions that could further explain bacterium variability. Overall, these findings confirm previous ecological risk factors for vibriosis in Washington State, while also identifying new associations between lagged temporal effects and pathogenic markers of V. parahaemolyticus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan Fries
- Spatial Science for Public Health Center, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
- *Correspondence: Brendan Fries,
| | - Benjamin J. K. Davis
- Spatial Science for Public Health Center, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Exponent Inc., Chemical Regulation & Food Safety, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Anne E. Corrigan
- Spatial Science for Public Health Center, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | | | - Frank C. Curriero
- Spatial Science for Public Health Center, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Frank C. Curriero,
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Hoque MM, Noorian P, Espinoza-Vergara G, Manuneedhi Cholan P, Kim M, Rahman MH, Labbate M, Rice SA, Pernice M, Oehlers SH, McDougald D. Adaptation to an amoeba host drives selection of virulence-associated traits in Vibrio cholerae. THE ISME JOURNAL 2022; 16:856-867. [PMID: 34654895 PMCID: PMC8857207 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-021-01134-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Predation by heterotrophic protists drives the emergence of adaptive traits in bacteria, and often these traits lead to altered interactions with hosts and persistence in the environment. Here we studied adaptation of the cholera pathogen, Vibrio cholerae during long-term co-incubation with the protist host, Acanthamoeba castellanii. We determined phenotypic and genotypic changes associated with long-term intra-amoebal host adaptation and how this impacts pathogen survival and fitness. We showed that adaptation to the amoeba host leads to temporal changes in multiple phenotypic traits in V. cholerae that facilitate increased survival and competitive fitness in amoeba. Genome sequencing and mutational analysis revealed that these altered lifestyles were linked to non-synonymous mutations in conserved regions of the flagellar transcriptional regulator, flrA. Additionally, the mutations resulted in enhanced colonisation in zebrafish, establishing a link between adaptation of V. cholerae to amoeba predation and enhanced environmental persistence. Our results show that pressure imposed by amoeba on V. cholerae selects for flrA mutations that serves as a key driver for adaptation. Importantly, this study provides evidence that adaptive traits that evolve in pathogens in response to environmental predatory pressure impact the colonisation of eukaryotic organisms by these pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Mozammel Hoque
- grid.117476.20000 0004 1936 7611The iThree Institute, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Parisa Noorian
- grid.117476.20000 0004 1936 7611The iThree Institute, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Gustavo Espinoza-Vergara
- grid.117476.20000 0004 1936 7611The iThree Institute, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Pradeep Manuneedhi Cholan
- grid.1013.30000 0004 1936 834XTuberculosis Research Program at the Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW Australia ,grid.1013.30000 0004 1936 834XFaculty of Medicine and Health & Marie Bashir Institute, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW Australia
| | - Mikael Kim
- grid.117476.20000 0004 1936 7611Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Md Hafizur Rahman
- grid.117476.20000 0004 1936 7611School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Maurizio Labbate
- grid.117476.20000 0004 1936 7611School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Scott A. Rice
- grid.117476.20000 0004 1936 7611The iThree Institute, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW Australia ,grid.59025.3b0000 0001 2224 0361Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mathieu Pernice
- grid.117476.20000 0004 1936 7611Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Stefan H. Oehlers
- grid.1013.30000 0004 1936 834XTuberculosis Research Program at the Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW Australia ,grid.1013.30000 0004 1936 834XFaculty of Medicine and Health & Marie Bashir Institute, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW Australia
| | - Diane McDougald
- grid.117476.20000 0004 1936 7611The iThree Institute, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW Australia ,grid.59025.3b0000 0001 2224 0361Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
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Major Stressors Favoring Cholera Trigger and Dissemination in Guinea-Bissau (West Africa). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182111296. [PMID: 34769812 PMCID: PMC8583644 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182111296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cholera remains a heavy burden worldwide, especially in Sub-Saharan African countries, which account for the majority of the reported cases on the continent. In this study, a 27-year retrospective analysis of cholera epidemics in Guinea-Bissau was performed in order to highlight major stressors fueling the trigger and dissemination of the disease. Although the role of environmental factors did not always have the same degree of importance for the onset of epidemics, a cholera seasonal pattern was clearly perceived, with most of the reported cases occurring during the wet season. The generated theoretical hypothesis indicated rainfall above climatological average, associated with a lack of WASH (water, sanitation and hygiene) infrastructure, and the occurrence of concomitant epidemics in neighboring countries as the key indicators for optimal conditions for cholera to thrive in Guinea-Bissau. Warmer air temperature, the increase in sea surface temperature, and the decrease in salinity in the coastal areas may also contribute to the emergence and/or aggravation of cholera events. Prediction of the conditions favorable for cholera growth and identification of risk pathways will allow the timely allocation of resources, and support the development of alert tools and mitigation strategies.
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The Seasonal Microbial Ecology of Plankton and Plankton-Associated Vibrio parahaemolyticus in the Northeast United States. Appl Environ Microbiol 2021; 87:e0297320. [PMID: 33990304 PMCID: PMC8276809 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02973-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial ecology studies have proven to be important resources for improving infectious disease response and outbreak prevention. Vibrio parahaemolyticus is an ongoing source of shellfish-borne food illness in the Northeast United States, and there is keen interest in understanding the environmental conditions that coincide with V. parahaemolyticus disease risk, in order to aid harvest management and prevent further illness. Zooplankton and chitinous phytoplankton are associated with V. parahaemolyticus dynamics elsewhere; however, this relationship is undetermined for the Great Bay estuary (GBE), an important emerging shellfish growing region in the Northeast United States. A comprehensive evaluation of the microbial ecology of V. parahaemolyticus associated with plankton was conducted in the GBE using 3 years of data regarding plankton community, nutrient concentration, water quality, and V. parahaemolyticus concentration in plankton. The concentrations of V. parahaemolyticus associated with plankton were highly seasonal, and the highest concentrations of V. parahaemolyticus cultured from zooplankton occurred approximately 1 month before the highest concentrations of V. parahaemolyticus from phytoplankton. The two V. parahaemolyticus peaks corresponded with different water quality variables and a few highly seasonal plankton taxa. Importantly, V. parahaemolyticus concentrations and plankton community dynamics were poorly associated with nutrient concentrations and chlorophyll a, commonly applied proxy variables for assessing ecological health risks and human health risks from harmful plankton and V. parahaemolyticus elsewhere. Together, these statistical associations (or lack thereof) provide valuable insights to characterize the plankton-V. parahaemolyticus dynamic and inform approaches for understanding the potential contribution of plankton to human health risks from V. parahaemolyticus for the Northeast United States. IMPORTANCE The Vibrio-plankton interaction is a focal relationship in Vibrio disease research; however, little is known about this dynamic in the Northeast United States, where V. parahaemolyticus is an established public health issue. We integrated phototactic plankton separation with seasonality analysis to determine the dynamics of the plankton community, water quality, and V. parahaemolyticus concentrations. Distinct bimodal peaks in the seasonal timing of V. parahaemolyticus abundance from phyto- versus zooplankton and differing associations with water quality variables and plankton taxa indicate that monitoring and forecasting approaches should consider the source of exposure when designing predictive methods for V. parahaemolyticus. Helicotheca tamensis has not been previously reported in the GBE. Its detection during this study provides evidence of the changes occurring in the ecology of regional estuaries and potential mechanisms for changes in V. parahaemolyticus populations. The Vibrio monitoring approaches can be translated to aid other areas facing similar public health challenges.
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Yu M, Wang X, Yan A. Microbial Profiles of Retail Pacific Oysters ( Crassostrea gigas) From Guangdong Province, China. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:689520. [PMID: 34305851 PMCID: PMC8292972 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.689520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Oysters are one of the main aquatic products sold in coastal areas worldwide and are popular among consumers because of their delicious taste and nutritional value. However, the microorganisms present in oysters may pose health risks to consumers. In this study, the microbial communities of Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas) collected from aquatic product markets in three cities (Guangzhou, Zhuhai, and Jiangmen) of Guangdong Province, China, where raw oysters are popular, were investigated. The plate counts of viable bacteria in oysters collected in the three cities were all approximately 2 log colony-forming units/g. High-throughput sequencing analysis of the V3–V4 region of the 16Sribosomal DNA gene showed a high level of microbial diversity in oysters, as evidenced by both alpha and beta diversity analysis. Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Firmicutes were the dominant phyla of the microorganisms present in these samples. A variety of pathogenic bacteria, including the fatal foodborne pathogen Vibrio vulnificus, were found, and Vibrio was the dominant genus. Additionally, the relationship between other microbial species and pathogenic microorganisms may be mostly symbiotic in oysters. These data provide insights into the microbial communities of retail oysters in the Guangdong region and indicate a considerable risk related to the consumption of raw oysters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjia Yu
- Department of Food Science, Foshan Polytechnic, Foshan, China
| | - Xiaobo Wang
- Department of Food Science, Foshan Polytechnic, Foshan, China
| | - Aixian Yan
- Department of Food Science, Foshan Polytechnic, Foshan, China
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11
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Pathogenic Vibrio Species Are Associated with Distinct Environmental Niches and Planktonic Taxa in Southern California (USA) Aquatic Microbiomes. mSystems 2021; 6:e0057121. [PMID: 34227831 PMCID: PMC8407410 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00571-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Interactions between vibrio bacteria and the planktonic community impact marine ecology and human health. Many coastal Vibrio spp. can infect humans, representing a growing threat linked to increasing seawater temperatures. Interactions with eukaryotic organisms may provide attachment substrate and critical nutrients that facilitate the persistence, diversification, and spread of pathogenic Vibrio spp. However, vibrio interactions with planktonic organisms in an environmental context are poorly understood. We quantified the pathogenic Vibrio species V. cholerae, V. parahaemolyticus, and V. vulnificus monthly for 1 year at five sites and observed high abundances, particularly during summer months, with species-specific temperature and salinity distributions. Using metabarcoding, we established a detailed profile of both prokaryotic and eukaryotic coastal microbial communities. We found that pathogenic Vibrio species were frequently associated with distinct eukaryotic amplicon sequence variants (ASVs), including diatoms and copepods. Shared environmental conditions, such as high temperatures and low salinities, were associated with both high concentrations of pathogenic vibrios and potential environmental reservoirs, which may influence vibrio infection risks linked to climate change and should be incorporated into predictive ecological models and experimental laboratory systems. IMPORTANCE Many species of coastal vibrio bacteria can infect humans, representing a growing health threat linked to increasing seawater temperatures. However, their interactions with surrounding microbes in the environment, especially eukaryotic organisms that may provide nutrients and attachment substrate, are poorly understood. We quantified three pathogenic Vibrio species monthly for a duration of 1 year, finding that all three species were abundant and exhibited species-specific temperature and salinity distributions. Using metabarcoding, we investigated associations between these pathogenic species and prokaryotic and eukaryotic microbes, revealing genus and amplicon sequence variant (ASV)-specific relationships with potential functional implications. For example, pathogenic species were frequently associated with chitin-producing eukaryotes, such as diatoms in the genus Thalassiosira and copepods. These associations between high concentrations of pathogenic vibrios and potential environmental reservoirs should be considered when predicting infection risk and developing ecologically relevant model systems.
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12
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Yoon JH, Bae YM, Song H, Lee S, Moon SK, Oh SW, Lee SY. Development of enhanced selective media for detection of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in oysters. Food Sci Biotechnol 2021; 30:475-485. [PMID: 33868758 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-021-00877-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was undertaken to develop enhanced selective media for detection of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in oysters. Primarily, tryptic soy agar (TSA) was supplemented with 4.5-5% NaCl, 0.1-0.5% oxgall, and/or 1-2% sodium citrate, and adjusted to pH 8-9. A total of 21 Vibrio spp., 24 indicators, and 26 food-borne isolates were streaked on the modified media, followed by 24 h of incubation at 37 °C. While all the indicators and isolates failed to grow on TSA containing 5% NaCl, 0.5% oxgall, and 2% sodium citrate (TSAOSS1; pH 9), V. parahaemolyticus was culturable on this selective medium. Particularly, the ability of TSAOSS1 to quantify V. parahaemolyticus in oysters was superior to thiosulphate citrate bile salts sucrose (TCBS) agar. V. parahaemolyticus distinctly produced its white-yellowish, round, and edge-pointed colony on TSAOSS1. TSAOSS1 with high selectivity potentials over TCBS may be a promising alternative for detection of V. parahaemolyticus in seafoods or natural reservoirs. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at (10.1007/s10068-021-00877-0).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Hyun Yoon
- Microbial Safety Team, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju-gun, 55365 Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Min Bae
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chung-Ang University, Seodong-daero, 4726 Anseong-si, Gyeonggi-do Republic of Korea
| | - Hana Song
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chung-Ang University, Seodong-daero, 4726 Anseong-si, Gyeonggi-do Republic of Korea
| | - Soyul Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chung-Ang University, Seodong-daero, 4726 Anseong-si, Gyeonggi-do Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Kwon Moon
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chung-Ang University, Seodong-daero, 4726 Anseong-si, Gyeonggi-do Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Wook Oh
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kookmin University, 77, Jeongneung-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Young Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chung-Ang University, Seodong-daero, 4726 Anseong-si, Gyeonggi-do Republic of Korea
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Bacian C, Verdugo C, García K, Perez-Larruscain J, de Blas I, Cachicas V, Lopez-Joven C. Longitudinal Study of Total and Pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus ( tdh+ and/or trh+) in Two Natural Extraction Areas of Mytilus chilensis in Southern Chile. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:621737. [PMID: 33815309 PMCID: PMC8012776 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.621737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Vibrio parahaemolyticus is the leading cause of seafood-associated bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide. Although different studies have focused on its pattern of variation over time, knowledge about the environmental factors driving the dynamics of this pathogen, within the Chilean territory, is still lacking. This study determined the prevalence of total and pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus strains (tdh and/or trh genes) in mussels (Mytilus chilensis) collected from two natural growing areas between 2017 and 2018, using selective agar and PCR analysis. V. parahaemolyticus was detected in 45.6% (93/204) of pooled samples from the Valdivia River Estuary. The pathogenic strains carrying the tdh and/or trh gene were detected in 11.8% (24/204): tdh in 9.8% (20/204), trh in 0.5% (1/204), and 1.5% (3/204) presented both genes. In Reloncaví Fjord, V. parahaemolyticus was detected in 14.4% (30/209) of the samples, pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus carrying the trh gene was detected in 0.5% (1/209) of the samples, while the tdh gene was not detected in the samples from this area. The total count of mauve-purple colonies typical of V. parahaemolyticus on CHROMagar was positively associated by multivariate analysis with area, water temperature, and salinity. Similarly, V. parahaemolyticus detection rates by PCR had a positive correlation with the area and water temperature. The chances of detecting total V. parahaemolyticus in the Valdivia River Estuary are significantly higher than in the Reloncaví Fjord, but inversely, during spring-summer months, the interaction factor between the area and temperature indicated that the chances of detecting V. parahaemolyticus are higher in the Reloncaví Fjord. Interestingly, this period coincides with the season when commercial and natural-growing shellfish are harvested. On the other hand, pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus tdh+ was significantly correlated with an increase of water temperature. These environmental parameters could be used to trigger a warning on potential hazard, which would influence human health and economic losses in aquaculture systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Bacian
- Instituto de Medicina Preventiva Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.,Escuela de Graduados, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Cristobal Verdugo
- Instituto de Medicina Preventiva Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Katherine García
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Josu Perez-Larruscain
- Instituto de Medicina Preventiva Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Ignacio de Blas
- Department of Animal Pathology, Instituto Universitario de Investigación Mixto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Viviana Cachicas
- Sección Microbiología de Alimentos, Instituto de Salud Pública de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carmen Lopez-Joven
- Instituto de Medicina Preventiva Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
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14
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Dynamics of Vibrio cholerae in a Typical Tropical Lake and Estuarine System: Potential of Remote Sensing for Risk Mapping. REMOTE SENSING 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/rs13051034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Vibrio cholerae, the bacterium responsible for the disease cholera, is a naturally-occurring bacterium, commonly found in many natural tropical water bodies. In the context of the U.N. Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) targets on health (Goal 3), water quality (Goal 6), life under water (Goal 14), and clean water and sanitation (Goal 6), which aim to “ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all”, we investigated the environmental reservoirs of V. cholerae in Vembanad Lake, the largest lake in Kerala (India), where cholera is endemic. The response of environmental reservoirs of V. cholerae to variability in essential climate variables may play a pivotal role in determining the quality of natural water resources, and whether they might be safe for human consumption or not. The hydrodynamics of Vembanad Lake, and the man-made barrier that divides the lake, resulted in spatial and temporal variability in salinity (1–32 psu) and temperature (23 to 36 °C). The higher ends of this salinity and temperature ranges fall outside the preferred growth conditions for V. cholerae reported in the literature. The bacteria were associated with filtered water as well as with phyto- and zooplankton in the lake. Their association with benthic organisms and sediments was poor to nil. The prevalence of high laminarinase and chitinase enzyme expression (more than 50 µgmL−1 min−1) among V. cholerae could underlie their high association with phyto- and zooplankton. Furthermore, the diversity in the phytoplankton community in the lake, with dominance of genera such as Skeletonema sp., Microcystis sp., Aulacoseira sp., and Anabaena sp., which changed with location and season, and associated changes in the zooplankton community, could also have affected the dynamics of the bacteria in the lake. The probability of presence or absence of V. cholerae could be expressed as a function of chlorophyll concentration in the water, which suggests that risk maps for the entire lake can be generated using satellite-derived chlorophyll data. In situ observations and satellite-based extrapolations suggest that the risks from environmental V. cholerae in the lake can be quite high (with probability in the range of 0.5 to 1) everywhere in the lake, but higher values are encountered more frequently in the southern part of the lake. Remote sensing has an important role to play in meeting SDG goals related to health, water quality and life under water, as demonstrated in this example related to cholera.
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15
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Spaur M, Davis BJK, Kivitz S, DePaola A, Bowers JC, Curriero FC, Nachman KE. A systematic review of post-harvest interventions for Vibrio parahaemolyticus in raw oysters. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 745:140795. [PMID: 32731065 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-cholera Vibrio bacteria are a major cause of foodborne illness in the United States. Raw oysters are commonly implicated in gastroenteritis caused by pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus. In response to outbreaks in 1997-1998, the US Food and Drug Administration developed a nation-wide quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) of V. parahaemolyticus in raw oysters in 2005. The QMRA identified information gaps that new research may address. Incidence of sporadic V. parahaemolyticus illness has recently increased and, as oyster consumption increases and sea temperatures rise, V. parahaemolyticus outbreaks may become more frequent, posing health concerns. Updated and region-specific QMRAs will improve the accuracy and precision of risk of infection estimates. OBJECTIVES We identify research to support an updated QMRA of V. parahaemolyticus from oysters harvested in Chesapeake Bay and Puget Sound, focusing on observational and experimental research on post-harvest practices (PHPs) published from 2004 to 2019. METHODS A predefined search strategy was applied to PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Science.gov, NAL Agricola, and Google Scholar. Study eligibility criteria were defined using a population, intervention, comparator, and outcome statement. Reviewers independently coded abstracts for inclusion/exclusion using predefined criteria. Data were extracted and study quality and relevance evaluated based on published guidance for food safety risk assessments. Findings were synthesized using a weight of evidence approach. RESULTS Of 12,174 articles retrieved, 93 were included for full-text review. Twenty-seven studies were found to be high quality and high relevance, including studies on cold storage, high hydrostatic pressure, depuration, and disinfectant, and other PHPs. High hydrostatic pressure consistently emerged as the most effective PHP in reducing abundance of V. parahaemolyticus. DISCUSSION Limitations of the knowledge base and review approach involve the type and quantity of data reported. Future research should focus on PHPs for which few or no high quality and high relevance studies exist, such as irradiation and relaying.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Spaur
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Benjamin J K Davis
- Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States of America; Spatial Science for Public Health Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States of America; Health Sciences Center for Chemical Regulation and Food Safety, Exponent, Inc., Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Scott Kivitz
- Krieger School of Arts and Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Angelo DePaola
- Angelo DePaola Consulting, Coden, AL, United States of America
| | - John C Bowers
- Office of Analytics and Outreach, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD, United States of America
| | - Frank C Curriero
- Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States of America; Spatial Science for Public Health Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Keeve E Nachman
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States of America; Department of Health Policy and Management, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States of America; Johns Hopkins Risk Sciences and Public Policy Institute, Baltimore, MD, United States of America; Johns Hopkins Center for a Livable Future, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States of America.
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16
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Collin B, Hernroth B. Experimental evaluation of survival of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in fertilized cold-water sediment. J Appl Microbiol 2020; 129:75-84. [PMID: 32086873 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This experimental study focuses on survival and consistence of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in cold-water sediments and how increasing temperature and nutritional availability can affect growth. METHODS AND RESULTS A pathogenic strain of V. parahaemolyticus was inoculated in seawater microcosms containing bottom sediment. Gradually, during 14 days, the temperature was upregulated from 8 to 21°C. Culturable V. parahaemolyticus was only found in the sediment but declined over time and did not recover even after another 2 days at 37°C. Numbers of culturable bacteria matched the amount found by q-PCR indicating that they did not enter a dormant state, contrary to those in the water layer. After adding decaying phytoplankton as fertilizer to the microcosms of 8 and 21°C for 7 and 14 days, the culturability of the bacteria increased significantly in the sediments at both temperatures and durations of exposure. CONCLUSION The study showed that V. parahaemolyticus can stay viable in cold-water sediment and growth was stimulated by fertilizers rather than by temperature. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a common cause of seafood-borne gastroenteritis and is today recognized in connection to increasing ocean temperature. The results indicate that this pathogen should be considered a risk in well-fertilized environments, such as aquacultures, even during cold periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Collin
- Department of Natural Science, Kristianstad University, Kristianstad, Sweden
| | - B Hernroth
- Department of Natural Science, Kristianstad University, Kristianstad, Sweden.,The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Kristineberg Marine Research Station, Fiskebäckskil, Sweden
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17
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Flynn A, Davis BJK, Atherly E, Olson G, Bowers JC, DePaola A, Curriero FC. Associations of Environmental Conditions and Vibrio parahaemolyticus Genetic Markers in Washington State Pacific Oysters. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2797. [PMID: 31866972 PMCID: PMC6904363 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a naturally occurring bacterium in estuarine waters and is a major cause of seafood-borne illness. The bacterium has been consistently identified in Pacific Northwest waters and elevated illness rates of vibriosis in Washington State have raised concerns among growers, risk managers, and consumers of Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas). In order to better understand pre-harvest variation of V. parahaemolyticus in the region, abundance of total and potentially pathogenic strains of the bacterium in a large number of Washington State Pacific oyster samples were compared with environmental conditions at the time of sampling. The Washington Department of Health regularly sampled oysters between June and September at over 21 locations from 2014 to 2018, resulting in over 946 samples. V. parahaemolyticus strains carrying three genetic markers, tlh, trh, and tdh, were enumerated in oyster tissue using a most probable number-PCR analysis. Tobit regressions and seemingly unrelated estimations were used to formally assess relationships between environmental measures and genetic markers. All genetic markers were found to be positively associated with temperature, independent of the abundance of other genetic markers. Surface water temperature displayed a non-linear relationship, with no association observed between any genetic marker in the warmest waters. There were also stark differences between surface and shore water temperature models. Salinity was not found to be substantially associated with any of the genetic variables. The relative abundance of tdh+ strains given total V. parahaemolyticus abundance (pathogenic ratio tdh:tlh) was negatively associated with water temperature in colder waters and decreased exponentially as total V. parahaemolyticus abundance increased. Strains carrying the trh gene had a pronounced positive association with strains carrying the tdh gene but was also negatively associated with the tdh:tlh pathogenic ratio. These results suggest that there are ecological relationships of competition, growth, and survival for V. parahaemolyticus strains in the oyster tissue matrix. This work also improves the overall understanding of environmental associations with V. parahaemolyticus in Washington State Pacific oysters, laying the groundwork for future risk mitigation efforts in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aspen Flynn
- Spatial Science for Public Health Center, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Benjamin J K Davis
- Spatial Science for Public Health Center, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Erika Atherly
- Office of Environmental Health and Safety, Division of Environmental Public Health, Washington State Department of Health, Olympia, WA, United States
| | - Gina Olson
- Public Health Laboratories, Division of Disease Control and Health Statistics, Washington State Department of Health, Shoreline, WA, United States
| | - John C Bowers
- Office of Analytics and Outreach, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD, United States
| | | | - Frank C Curriero
- Spatial Science for Public Health Center, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
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18
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Distribution of Vibrio species isolated from bivalves and bivalve culture environments along the Gyeongnam coast in Korea: Virulence and antimicrobial resistance of Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolates. Food Control 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2019.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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19
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Hartwick MA, Urquhart EA, Whistler CA, Cooper VS, Naumova EN, Jones SH. Forecasting Seasonal Vibrio parahaemolyticus Concentrations in New England Shellfish. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16224341. [PMID: 31703312 PMCID: PMC6888421 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16224341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Seafood-borne Vibrio parahaemolyticus illness is a global public health issue facing resource managers and the seafood industry. The recent increase in shellfish-borne illnesses in the Northeast United States has resulted in the application of intensive management practices based on a limited understanding of when and where risks are present. We aim to determine the contribution of factors that affect V. parahaemolyticus concentrations in oysters (Crassostrea virginica) using ten years of surveillance data for environmental and climate conditions in the Great Bay Estuary of New Hampshire from 2007 to 2016. A time series analysis was applied to analyze V. parahaemolyticus concentrations and local environmental predictors and develop predictive models. Whereas many environmental variables correlated with V. parahaemolyticus concentrations, only a few retained significance in capturing trends, seasonality and data variability. The optimal predictive model contained water temperature and pH, photoperiod, and the calendar day of study. The model enabled relatively accurate seasonality-based prediction of V. parahaemolyticus concentrations for 2014–2016 based on the 2007–2013 dataset and captured the increasing trend in extreme values of V. parahaemolyticus concentrations. The developed method enables the informative tracking of V. parahaemolyticus concentrations in coastal ecosystems and presents a useful platform for developing area-specific risk forecasting models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan A. Hartwick
- Northeast Center for Vibrio Disease and Ecology, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA; (M.A.H.); (E.A.U.); (C.A.W.)
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA
| | - Erin A. Urquhart
- Northeast Center for Vibrio Disease and Ecology, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA; (M.A.H.); (E.A.U.); (C.A.W.)
- Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA
| | - Cheryl A. Whistler
- Northeast Center for Vibrio Disease and Ecology, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA; (M.A.H.); (E.A.U.); (C.A.W.)
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA
| | - Vaughn S. Cooper
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA;
| | - Elena N. Naumova
- Division of Nutrition Data Sciences, Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA;
| | - Stephen H. Jones
- Northeast Center for Vibrio Disease and Ecology, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA; (M.A.H.); (E.A.U.); (C.A.W.)
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA
- Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(603)-862-5124
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20
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Davis BJK, Jacobs JM, Zaitchik B, DePaola A, Curriero FC. Vibrio parahaemolyticus in the Chesapeake Bay: Operational In Situ Prediction and Forecast Models Can Benefit from Inclusion of Lagged Water Quality Measurements. Appl Environ Microbiol 2019; 85:e01007-19. [PMID: 31253685 PMCID: PMC6696964 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01007-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a leading cause of seafood-borne gastroenteritis. Given its natural presence in brackish waters, there is a need to develop operational forecast models that can sufficiently predict the bacterium's spatial and temporal variation. This work attempted to develop V. parahaemolyticus prediction models using frequently measured time-indexed and -lagged water quality measures. Models were built using a large data set (n = 1,043) of surface water samples from 2007 to 2010 previously analyzed for V. parahaemolyticus in the Chesapeake Bay. Water quality variables were classified as time indexed, 1-month lag, and 2-month lag. Tobit regression models were used to account for V. parahaemolyticus measures below the limit of quantification and to simultaneously estimate the presence and abundance of the bacterium. Models were evaluated using cross-validation and metrics that quantify prediction bias and uncertainty. Presence classification models containing only one type of water quality parameter (e.g., temperature) performed poorly, while models with additional water quality parameters (i.e., salinity, clarity, and dissolved oxygen) performed well. Lagged variable models performed similarly to time-indexed models, and lagged variables occasionally contained a predictive power that was independent of or superior to that of time-indexed variables. Abundance estimation models were less effective, primarily due to a restricted number of samples with abundances above the limit of quantification. These findings indicate that an operational in situ prediction model is attainable but will require a variety of water quality measurements and that lagged measurements will be particularly useful for forecasting. Future work will expand variable selection for prediction models and extend the spatial-temporal extent of predictions by using geostatistical interpolation techniques.IMPORTANCEVibrio parahaemolyticus is one of the leading causes of seafood-borne illness in the United States and across the globe. Exposure often occurs from the consumption of raw shellfish. Despite public health concerns, there have been only sporadic efforts to develop environmental prediction and forecast models for the bacterium preharvest. This analysis used commonly sampled water quality measurements of temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, and clarity to develop models for V. parahaemolyticus in surface water. Predictors also included measurements taken months before water was tested for the bacterium. Results revealed that the use of multiple water quality measurements is necessary for satisfactory prediction performance, challenging current efforts to manage the risk of infection based upon water temperature alone. The results also highlight the potential advantage of including historical water quality measurements. This analysis shows promise and lays the groundwork for future operational prediction and forecast models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J K Davis
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Spatial Science for Public Health Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - John M Jacobs
- Cooperative Oxford Lab, National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science, National Ocean Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Oxford, Maryland, USA
| | - Benjamin Zaitchik
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Krieger School of Arts and Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Frank C Curriero
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Spatial Science for Public Health Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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21
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Yang JH, Mok JS, Jung YJ, Lee KJ, Kwon JY, Park K, Moon SY, Kwon SJ, Ryu AR, Lee TS. Distribution and antimicrobial susceptibility of Vibrio species associated with zooplankton in coastal area of Korea. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2017; 125:39-44. [PMID: 28781188 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.07.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 07/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Vibrio parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus are the most common pathogens causing seafood-borne illnesses in Korea. This study determines the abundance and antimicrobial resistance of pathogenic Vibrio species in seawater and zooplankton samples from the Geoje Island coast in Korea, which is an important area for coastal fisheries, the fishing industry, and tourism. The two Vibrio species were detected more in mesozooplankton samples than in seawater samples. V. parahaemolyticus isolates showed greater resistance than those of V. vulnificus for antimicrobials. Of V. parahaemolyticus isolates, 93.3% exhibited resistance to three or more antimicrobial agents. Conversely, more than 80% of V. vulnificus isolates showed susceptibility to all antimicrobials examined, with the exception of rifampicin. Our findings show that strong antimicrobial resistance of V. parahaemolyticus in the surveyed area was exposed to conventionally used antibiotics, therefore necessitating proper surveillance programs for the monitoring of antimicrobial resistance patterns in seawater bodies and aquatic animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hye Yang
- Southeast Sea Fisheries Research Institute, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Tongyeong 53085, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Soo Mok
- Food Safety and Processing Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan 46083, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yeoun Joong Jung
- Southeast Sea Fisheries Research Institute, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Tongyeong 53085, Republic of Korea
| | - Ka Jeong Lee
- Southeast Sea Fisheries Research Institute, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Tongyeong 53085, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Young Kwon
- Food Safety and Processing Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan 46083, Republic of Korea
| | - Kunbawui Park
- Food Safety and Processing Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan 46083, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Yong Moon
- Southeast Sea Fisheries Research Institute, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Tongyeong 53085, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon Jae Kwon
- Southeast Sea Fisheries Research Institute, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Tongyeong 53085, Republic of Korea
| | - A Ra Ryu
- Southeast Sea Fisheries Research Institute, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Tongyeong 53085, Republic of Korea
| | - Tea Seek Lee
- Food Safety and Processing Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan 46083, Republic of Korea
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Sullivan TJ, Neigel JE. Effects of temperature and salinity on prevalence and intensity of infection of blue crabs, Callinectes sapidus, by Vibrio cholerae, V. parahaemolyticus, and V. vulnificus in Louisiana. J Invertebr Pathol 2017; 151:82-90. [PMID: 29126967 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2017.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Revised: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Coastal marine and estuarine environments are experiencing higher average temperatures, greater frequency of extreme temperature events, and altered salinities. These changes are expected to stress organisms and increase their susceptibility to infectious diseases. However, beyond these generalities, little is known about how environmental factors influence host-pathogen relationships in the marine realm. We investigated the prevalence and intensity of infections by Vibrio cholerae, V. parahaemolyticus, and V. vulnificus in blue crabs, Callinectes sapidus, from Louisiana saltmarshes in relation to temperature and salinity. We evaluated relationships for single measurements taken at the time of collection and for more complex measurements representing accumulated exposure to physiologically-stressful environmental conditions for up to 31 days prior to collection. We found that: (1) prevalence of infection varied across the Louisiana coast, (2) prevalence of all three Vibrio species was influenced by temperature and salinity, and (3) measurements that represent accumulated exposure to extreme conditions are useful predictors of infection prevalence and can provide insights into underlying biological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J Sullivan
- Department of Biology, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA, USA.
| | - Joseph E Neigel
- Department of Biology, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA, USA
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Greenfield DI, Gooch Moore J, Stewart JR, Hilborn ED, George BJ, Li Q, Dickerson J, Keppler CK, Sandifer PA. Temporal and Environmental Factors Driving Vibrio Vulnificus and V. Parahaemolyticus Populations and Their Associations With Harmful Algal Blooms in South Carolina Detention Ponds and Receiving Tidal Creeks. GEOHEALTH 2017; 1:306-317. [PMID: 32158995 PMCID: PMC7007149 DOI: 10.1002/2017gh000094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Incidences of harmful algal blooms (HABs) and Vibrio infections have increased over recent decades. Numerous studies have tried to identify environmental factors driving HABs and pathogenic Vibrio populations separately. Few have considered the two simultaneously, though emerging evidence suggests that algal blooms enhance Vibrio growth and survival. This study examined various physical, nutrient, and temporal factors associated with incidences of HABs, V. vulnificus, and V. parahaemolyticus in South Carolina coastal stormwater detention ponds, managed systems where HABs often proliferate, and their receiving tidal creek waters. Five blooms occurred during the study (2008-2009): two during relatively warmer months (an August 2008 cyanobacteria bloom and a November 2008 dinoflagellate bloom) followed by increases in both Vibrio species and V. parahaemolyticus, respectively, and three during cooler months (December 2008 through February 2009) caused by dinoflagellates and euglenophytes that were not associated with marked changes in Vibrio abundances. Vibrio concentrations were positively and significantly associated with temperature and dissolved organic matter, dinoflagellate blooms, negatively and significantly associated with suspended solids, but not significantly correlated with chlorophyll or nitrogen. While more research involving longer time series is needed to increase robustness, findings herein suggest that certain HAB species may augment Vibrio occurrences during warmer months.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. I. Greenfield
- Now at Advanced Science Research CenterCity University of New YorkNew York CityNYUSA
- Belle W. Baruch Institute for Marine and Coastal SciencesUniversity of South CarolinaCharlestonSCUSA
- Marine Resources Research InstituteSouth Carolina Department of Natural ResourcesCharlestonSCUSA
| | | | - J. R. Stewart
- NOAA, National Ocean ServiceCharlestonSCUSA
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public HealthUniversity of North CarolinaChapel HillNCUSA
| | - E. D. Hilborn
- National Health and Environmental Effects LaboratoryOffice of Research and Development, United States Environmental Protection AgencyResearch Triangle ParkNCUSA
| | - B. J. George
- National Health and Environmental Effects LaboratoryOffice of Research and Development, United States Environmental Protection AgencyResearch Triangle ParkNCUSA
| | - Q. Li
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Research CenterSamuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical CenterLos AngelesCAUSA
| | | | - C. K. Keppler
- Marine Resources Research InstituteSouth Carolina Department of Natural ResourcesCharlestonSCUSA
| | - P. A. Sandifer
- NOAA, National Ocean ServiceCharlestonSCUSA
- Now at School of Sciences and MathematicsCollege of CharlestonCharlestonSCUSA
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24
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Environmental Determinants of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in the Chesapeake Bay. Appl Environ Microbiol 2017; 83:AEM.01147-17. [PMID: 28842541 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01147-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Vibrio parahaemolyticus naturally occurs in brackish and marine waters and is one of the leading causes of seafood-borne illness. Previous work studying the ecology of V. parahaemolyticus has often been limited in geographic extent and lacked a full range of environmental measures. This study used a unique large data set of surface water samples in the Chesapeake Bay (n = 1,385) collected from 148 monitoring stations from 2007 to 2010. Water was analyzed for more than 20 environmental parameters, with additional meteorological and surrounding land use data. The V. parahaemolyticus-specific genetic markers thermolabile hemolysin (tlh), thermostable direct hemolysin (tdh), and tdh-related hemolysin (trh) were assayed using quantitative PCR (qPCR), and interval-censored regression models with nonlinear effects were estimated to account for limits of detection and quantitation. tlh was detected in 19.6% of water samples; tdh or trh markers were not detected. The results confirmed previously reported positive associations for V. parahaemolyticus abundance with temperature and turbidity and negative associations with high salinity (>10 to 23‰). Furthermore, the salinity relationship was determined to be a function of both low temperature and turbidity, with an increase of either nullifying the high salinity effect. Associations with dissolved oxygen and phosphate also appeared stronger when samples were taken near human developments. A renewed focus on the V. parahaemolyticus ecological paradigm is warranted to protect public health.IMPORTANCE Vibrio parahaemolyticus is one of the leading causes of seafood-borne illness in the United States and across the globe. Exposure is often through consuming raw or undercooked shellfish. Given the natural presence of the bacterium in the marine environment, an improved understanding of its environmental determinants is necessary for future preventative measures. This analysis of environmental Vibrio parahaemolyticus is one of only a few that utilize a large data set measured over a wide geographic and temporal range. The analysis also includes a large number of environmental parameters for Vibrio modeling, many of which have previously only been tested sporadically, and some of which have not been considered before. The results of the analysis revealed previously unknown relationships between salinity, turbidity, and temperature that provide significant insight into the abundance and persistence of V. parahaemolyticus bacterium in the environment. This information will be essential for developing environmental forecast models for the bacterium.
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25
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Burks DJ, Norris S, Kauffman KM, Joy A, Arevalo P, Azad RK, Wildschutte H. Environmental vibrios represent a source of antagonistic compounds that inhibit pathogenic Vibrio cholerae and Vibrio parahaemolyticus strains. Microbiologyopen 2017; 6:e00504. [PMID: 28857444 PMCID: PMC5635165 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
With the overuse of antibiotics, many pathogens including Vibrio cholerae and Vibrio parahaemolyticus have evolved multidrug resistance making treatment more difficult. While understanding the mechanisms that underlie pathogenesis is crucial, knowledge of bacterial interactions of V. cholerae and V. parahaemolyticus could provide insight to their susceptibility outside of the human host. Based on previous work showing competition among environmental strains, we predict that marine-derived bacteria should inhibit Vibrio pathogens and may be a source of unique antibiotic compounds. We tested a collection of 3,456 environmental Vibrio isolates from diverse habitats against a panel of V. cholerae and V. parahaemolyticus, and identified 102 strains that inhibited the growth of these pathogens. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that 40 pathogen-inhibiting strains were unique at the hsp60 gene sequence while 62 of the isolates were identical suggesting clonal groups. Genomic comparisons of ten strains revealed diversity even between clonal isolates and were identified as being closely related to known Vibrio crassostreae, Vibrio splendidus, and Vibrio tasmaniensis strains. Further analysis revealed multiple biosynthetic gene clusters within all sequenced genomes that encoded secondary metabolites with potential antagonistic activity. Thus, environmental vibrios represent a source of compounds that inhibit Vibrio pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J. Burks
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of North TexasDentonTexas
| | - Stephen Norris
- Department of Biological SciencesBowling Green State UniversityBowling GreenOhio
| | - Kathryn M. Kauffman
- Department of Civil and Environmental EngineeringMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMassachusetts
| | - Abigail Joy
- Department of Biological SciencesBowling Green State UniversityBowling GreenOhio
| | - Philip Arevalo
- Department of Civil and Environmental EngineeringMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMassachusetts
| | - Rajeev K. Azad
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of North TexasDentonTexas
- Department of MathematicsUniversity of North TexasDentonTexas
| | - Hans Wildschutte
- Department of Biological SciencesBowling Green State UniversityBowling GreenOhio
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Muhling BA, Jacobs J, Stock CA, Gaitan CF, Saba VS. Projections of the future occurrence, distribution, and seasonality of three Vibrio species in the Chesapeake Bay under a high-emission climate change scenario. GEOHEALTH 2017; 1:278-296. [PMID: 32158993 PMCID: PMC7007099 DOI: 10.1002/2017gh000089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Illness caused by pathogenic strains of Vibrio bacteria incurs significant economic and health care costs in many areas around the world. In the Chesapeake Bay, the two most problematic species are V. vulnificus and V. parahaemolyticus, which cause infection both from exposure to contaminated water and consumption of contaminated seafood. We used existing Vibrio habitat models, four global climate models, and a recently developed statistical downscaling framework to project the spatiotemporal probability of occurrence of V. vulnificus and V. cholerae in the estuarine environment, and the mean concentration of V. parahaemolyticus in oysters in the Chesapeake Bay by the end of the 21st century. Results showed substantial future increases in season length and spatial habitat for V. vulnificus and V. parahaemolyticus, while projected increase in V. cholerae habitat was less marked and more spatially heterogeneous. Our findings underscore the need for spatially variable inputs into models of climate impacts on Vibrios in estuarine environments. Overall, economic costs associated with Vibrios in the Chesapeake Bay, such as incidence of illness and management measures on the shellfish industry, may increase under climate change, with implications for recreational and commercial uses of the ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara A. Muhling
- Princeton University Program in Atmospheric and Oceanic SciencesPrincetonNew JerseyUSA
- NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics LaboratoryPrincetonNew JerseyUSA
- Now at Cooperative Institute for Marine Ecosystems and ClimateUniversity of CaliforniaSanta CruzCaliforniaUSA
| | - John Jacobs
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Ocean Service, National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science, Cooperative Oxford LabOxfordMarylandUSA
| | - Charles A. Stock
- NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics LaboratoryPrincetonNew JerseyUSA
| | | | - Vincent S. Saba
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, Northeast Fisheries Science Center, Geophysical Fluid Dynamics LaboratoryPrinceton University Forrestal CampusPrincetonNew JerseyUSA
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Konrad S, Paduraru P, Romero-Barrios P, Henderson SB, Galanis E. Remote sensing measurements of sea surface temperature as an indicator of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in oyster meat and human illnesses. Environ Health 2017; 16:92. [PMID: 28859689 PMCID: PMC5580290 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-017-0301-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vibrio parahaemolyticus (Vp) is a naturally occurring bacterium found in marine environments worldwide. It can cause gastrointestinal illness in humans, primarily through raw oyster consumption. Water temperatures, and potentially other environmental factors, play an important role in the growth and proliferation of Vp in the environment. Quantifying the relationships between environmental variables and indicators or incidence of Vp illness is valuable for public health surveillance to inform and enable suitable preventative measures. This study aimed to assess the relationship between environmental parameters and Vp in British Columbia (BC), Canada. METHODS The study used Vp counts in oyster meat from 2002-2015 and laboratory confirmed Vp illnesses from 2011-2015 for the province of BC. The data were matched to environmental parameters from publicly available sources, including remote sensing measurements of nighttime sea surface temperature (SST) obtained from satellite readings at a spatial resolution of 1 km. Using three separate models, this paper assessed the relationship between (1) daily SST and Vp counts in oyster meat, (2) weekly mean Vp counts in oysters and weekly Vp illnesses, and (3) weekly mean SST and weekly Vp illnesses. The effects of salinity and chlorophyll a were also evaluated. Linear regression was used to quantify the relationship between SST and Vp, and piecewise regression was used to identify SST thresholds of concern. RESULTS A total of 2327 oyster samples and 293 laboratory confirmed illnesses were included. In model 1, both SST and salinity were significant predictors of log(Vp) counts in oyster meat. In model 2, the mean log(Vp) count in oyster meat was a significant predictor of Vp illnesses. In model 3, weekly mean SST was a significant predictor of weekly Vp illnesses. The piecewise regression models identified a SST threshold of approximately 14oC for both model 1 and 3, indicating increased risk of Vp in oyster meat and Vp illnesses at higher temperatures. CONCLUSION Monitoring of SST, particularly through readily accessible remote sensing data, could serve as a warning signal for Vp and help inform the introduction and cessation of preventative or control measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Konrad
- Canadian Field Epidemiology Program, Public Health Agency of Canada, 130 Colonnade Road, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0K9 Canada
- BC Centre for Disease Control, 655 West 12 Avenue, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4R4 Canada
| | - Peggy Paduraru
- BC Centre for Disease Control, 655 West 12 Avenue, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4R4 Canada
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, 2206 East Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3 Canada
| | - Pablo Romero-Barrios
- BC Centre for Disease Control, 655 West 12 Avenue, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4R4 Canada
| | - Sarah B. Henderson
- BC Centre for Disease Control, 655 West 12 Avenue, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4R4 Canada
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, 2206 East Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3 Canada
| | - Eleni Galanis
- BC Centre for Disease Control, 655 West 12 Avenue, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4R4 Canada
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, 2206 East Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3 Canada
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28
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Liu J, Fu K, Wang Y, Wu C, Li F, Shi L, Ge Y, Zhou L. Detection of Diverse N-Acyl-Homoserine Lactones in Vibrio alginolyticus and Regulation of Biofilm Formation by N-(3-Oxodecanoyl) Homoserine Lactone In vitro. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1097. [PMID: 28670299 PMCID: PMC5472671 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Quorum sensing (QS) is a cell-to-cell communication system based on the exchange of small intercellular signal molecules, such as N-Acyl homoserine lactones (AHLs), which act as cell-density mediators of QS gene expression, and are highly variable both in types and amounts in most Gram-negative Proteobacteria. Understanding the regulation of AHLs may contribute to the elucidation of cell density-dependent phenomena, such as biofilm formation. Vibrio alginolyticus is among the most frequently observed marine opportunistic Vibrio pathogens. However, AHL production of this species and its effects on biofilm formation remain to be understood. Here, our study reported the diverse AHL profiles of 47 marine-isolated V. alginolyticus strains and the effects of exogenous 3-oxo-C10-HSL on biofilm formation under different temperature conditions (16°C and 28°C). A total of 11 detected AHLs were produced by the isolates, of which 3-OH-C4-HSL, 3-oxo-C10-HSL and 3-oxo-C14-HSL comprised the largest proportions. We also observed that moderate levels of exogenous 3-oxo-C10-HSL (10 and 20 μM) could induce or enhance biofilm formation and alter its structure, while high levels (40 and 100 μM) did not significantly improve and even inhibited biofilm formation in V. alginolyticus. Further, regulation by exogenous 3-oxo-C10-HSL was both concentration- and temperature-dependent in V. alginolyticus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfei Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Qingdao UniversityQingdao, China.,Central Laboratory, Navy General Hospital of PLABeijing, China
| | - Kaifei Fu
- Central Laboratory, Navy General Hospital of PLABeijing, China
| | - Yuxiao Wang
- Central Laboratory, Navy General Hospital of PLABeijing, China
| | - Chenglin Wu
- Central Laboratory, Navy General Hospital of PLABeijing, China
| | - Fei Li
- Central Laboratory, Navy General Hospital of PLABeijing, China
| | - Lei Shi
- Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jinan UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Yinlin Ge
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Qingdao UniversityQingdao, China
| | - Lijun Zhou
- Central Laboratory, Navy General Hospital of PLABeijing, China
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29
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Song X, Ma Y, Fu J, Zhao A, Guo Z, Malakar PK, Pan Y, Zhao Y. Effect of temperature on pathogenic and non-pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus biofilm formation. Food Control 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2016.08.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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30
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Martinelli Filho J, Lopes R, Rivera I, Colwell R. Are natural reservoirs important for cholera surveillance? The case of an outbreak in a Brazilian estuary. Lett Appl Microbiol 2016; 63:183-8. [DOI: 10.1111/lam.12614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Revised: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J.E. Martinelli Filho
- Marine Environmental Monitoring Laboratory (LAPMAR); Geosciences Institute and the Biodiversity and Conservation post-graduate program; Federal University of Pará (UFPA); Belém Brazil
| | - R.M. Lopes
- Department of Biological Oceanography; Oceanographic Institute; University of São Paulo (USP); São Paulo Brazil
| | - I.N.G. Rivera
- Environmental Microbiology Department; Biomedical Sciences Institute; University of São Paulo (ICB-USP); São Paulo Brazil
| | - R.R. Colwell
- Center of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology; University of Maryland; College Park MD USA
- Bloomberg School of Public Health; Johns Hopkins University; Baltimore MD USA
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31
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Response of Vibrio cholerae to Low-Temperature Shifts: CspV Regulation of Type VI Secretion, Biofilm Formation, and Association with Zooplankton. Appl Environ Microbiol 2016; 82:4441-52. [PMID: 27208110 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00807-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED The ability to sense and adapt to temperature fluctuation is critical to the aquatic survival, transmission, and infectivity of Vibrio cholerae, the causative agent of the disease cholera. Little information is available on the physiological changes that occur when V. cholerae experiences temperature shifts. The genome-wide transcriptional profile of V. cholerae upon a shift in human body temperature (37°C) to lower temperatures, 15°C and 25°C, which mimic those found in the aquatic environment, was determined. Differentially expressed genes included those involved in the cold shock response, biofilm formation, type VI secretion, and virulence. Analysis of a mutant lacking the cold shock gene cspV, which was upregulated >50-fold upon a low-temperature shift, revealed that it regulates genes involved in biofilm formation and type VI secretion. CspV controls biofilm formation through modulation of the second messenger cyclic diguanylate and regulates type VI-mediated interspecies killing in a temperature-dependent manner. Furthermore, a strain lacking cspV had significant defects for attachment and type VI-mediated killing on the surface of the aquatic crustacean Daphnia magna Collectively, these studies reveal that cspV is a major regulator of the temperature downshift response and plays an important role in controlling cellular processes crucial to the infectious cycle of V. cholerae IMPORTANCE Little is known about how human pathogens respond and adapt to ever-changing parameters of natural habitats outside the human host and how environmental adaptation alters dissemination. Vibrio cholerae, the causative agent of the severe diarrheal disease cholera, experiences fluctuations in temperature in its natural aquatic habitats and during the infection process. Furthermore, temperature is a critical environmental signal governing the occurrence of V. cholerae and cholera outbreaks. In this study, we showed that V. cholerae reprograms its transcriptome in response to fluctuations in temperature, which results in changes to biofilm formation and type VI secretion system activation. These processes in turn impact environmental survival and the virulence potential of this pathogen.
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Cruz C, Chycka M, Hedderley D, Fletcher G. Prevalence, characteristics and ecology of Vibrio vulnificus
found in New Zealand shellfish. J Appl Microbiol 2016; 120:1100-7. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.13064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Revised: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C.D. Cruz
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited; Auckland New Zealand
| | - M. Chycka
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited; Auckland New Zealand
| | - D. Hedderley
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited; Palmerston North New Zealand
| | - G.C. Fletcher
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited; Auckland New Zealand
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Ultrafiltration and Microarray for Detection of Microbial Source Tracking Marker and Pathogen Genes in Riverine and Marine Systems. Appl Environ Microbiol 2016; 82:1625-1635. [PMID: 26729716 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02583-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathogen identification and microbial source tracking (MST) to identify sources of fecal pollution improve evaluation of water quality. They contribute to improved assessment of human health risks and remediation of pollution sources. An MST microarray was used to simultaneously detect genes for multiple pathogens and indicators of fecal pollution in freshwater, marine water, sewage-contaminated freshwater and marine water, and treated wastewater. Dead-end ultrafiltration (DEUF) was used to concentrate organisms from water samples, yielding a recovery efficiency of >95% for Escherichia coli and human polyomavirus. Whole-genome amplification (WGA) increased gene copies from ultrafiltered samples and increased the sensitivity of the microarray. Viruses (adenovirus, bocavirus, hepatitis A virus, and human polyomaviruses) were detected in sewage-contaminated samples. Pathogens such as Legionella pneumophila, Shigella flexneri, and Campylobacter fetus were detected along with genes conferring resistance to aminoglycosides, beta-lactams, and tetracycline. Nonmetric dimensional analysis of MST marker genes grouped sewage-spiked freshwater and marine samples with sewage and apart from other fecal sources. The sensitivity (percent true positives) of the microarray probes for gene targets anticipated in sewage was 51 to 57% and was lower than the specificity (percent true negatives; 79 to 81%). A linear relationship between gene copies determined by quantitative PCR and microarray fluorescence was found, indicating the semiquantitative nature of the MST microarray. These results indicate that ultrafiltration coupled with WGA provides sufficient nucleic acids for detection of viruses, bacteria, protozoa, and antibiotic resistance genes by the microarray in applications ranging from beach monitoring to risk assessment.
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Luo P, He X, Liu Q, Hu C. Developing Universal Genetic Tools for Rapid and Efficient Deletion Mutation in Vibrio Species Based on Suicide T-Vectors Carrying a Novel Counterselectable Marker, vmi480. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0144465. [PMID: 26641275 PMCID: PMC4671572 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite that Vibrio spp. have a significant impact on the health of humans and aquatic animals, the molecular basis of their pathogenesis is little known, mainly due to the limited genetic tools for the functional research of genes in Vibrio. In some cases, deletion of target DNAs in Vibrio can be achieved through the use of suicide vectors. However, these strategies are time-consuming and lack universality, and the widely used counterselectable gene sacB does not work well in Vibrio cells. In this study, we developed universal genetic tools for rapid and efficient deletion mutations in Vibrio species based on suicide T-Vectors carrying a novel counterselectable marker, vmi480. We explored two uncharacterized genes, vmi480 and vmi470, in a genomic island from Vibrio mimicus VM573 and confirmed that vmi480 and vmi470 constitute a two-component toxin-antitoxin system through deletion and expression of vmi480 and vmi470. The product of vmi480 exhibited strong toxicity to Escherichia coli cells. Based on vmi480 and the PBAD or PTAC promoter system, we constructed two suicide T-vectors, pLP11 and pLP12, and each of these vectors contained a multiple cloning region with two AhdI sites. Both vectors linearized by AhdI digestion could be stored and directly ligated with purified PCR products without a digestion step. By using pLP11 and pLP12 coupled with a highly efficient conjugation system provided by E. coli β2163, six genes from four representative Vibrio species were easily deleted. By using the counterselective marker vmi480, we obtained 3–12 positive colonies (deletion mutants) among no more than 20 colonies randomly selected on counterselection plates. The strategy does not require the digestion of PCR products and suicide vectors every time, and it avoids large-scale screening colonies on counterselective plates. These results demonstrate that we successfully developed universal genetic tools for rapid and efficient gene deletion in Vibrio species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Luo
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- South China Sea Bio-Resource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiangyan He
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiuting Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chaoqun Hu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- South China Sea Bio-Resource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center, Guangzhou, China
- * E-mail: (CQH)
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35
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Paranjpye RN, Nilsson WB, Liermann M, Hilborn ED, George BJ, Li Q, Bill BD, Trainer VL, Strom MS, Sandifer PA. Environmental influences on the seasonal distribution of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in the Pacific Northwest of the USA. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2015; 91:fiv121. [PMID: 26454066 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiv121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Populations of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in the environment can be influenced by numerous factors. We assessed the correlation of total (tl+) and potentially virulent (tdh+) V. parahaemolyticus in water with three harmful algal bloom (HAB) genera (Pseudo-nitzschia, Alexandrium and Dinophysis), the abundance of diatoms and dinoflagellates, chlorophyll-a and temperature, salinity and macronutrients at five sites in Washington State from 2008-2009. The variability in V. parahaemolyticus density was explained predominantly by strong seasonal trends where maximum densities occurred in June, 2 months prior to the highest seasonal water temperature. In spite of large geographic differences in temperature, salinity and nutrients, there was little evidence of corresponding differences in V. parahaemolyticus density. In addition, there was no evident relationship between V. parahaemolyticus and indices of HAB genera, perhaps due to a lack of significant HAB events during the sampling period. The only nutrient significantly associated with V. parahaemolyticus density after accounting for the seasonal trend was silicate. This negative relationship may be caused by a shift in cell wall structure for some diatom species to a chitinous substrate preferred by V. parahaemolyticus. Results from our study differ from those in other regions corroborating previous findings that environmental factors that trigger vibrio and HAB events may differ depending on geographic locations. Therefore caution should be used when applying results from one region to another.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohinee N Paranjpye
- Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2725 Montlake Boulevard E, Seattle, WA 98112, USA
| | - William B Nilsson
- Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2725 Montlake Boulevard E, Seattle, WA 98112, USA
| | - Martin Liermann
- Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2725 Montlake Boulevard E, Seattle, WA 98112, USA
| | - Elizabeth D Hilborn
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Barbara J George
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Quanlin Li
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Research Center, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Brian D Bill
- Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2725 Montlake Boulevard E, Seattle, WA 98112, USA
| | - Vera L Trainer
- Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2725 Montlake Boulevard E, Seattle, WA 98112, USA
| | - Mark S Strom
- Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2725 Montlake Boulevard E, Seattle, WA 98112, USA
| | - Paul A Sandifer
- Hollings Marine Laboratory, National Ocean Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 331 Fort Johnson Road, Charleston, SC 29412, USA
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López-Hernández KM, Pardío-Sedas V, Lizárraga-Partida L, Williams JDJ, Martínez-Herrera D, Flores-Primo A, Uscanga-Serrano R. Seasonal abundance of Vibrio cholerae non O1/non O139 chxA+ in oysters harvested in a coastal lagoon of Mexico's Gulf coast: A seafood safety risk concern. Food Control 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2015.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Fontanez KM, Eppley JM, Samo TJ, Karl DM, DeLong EF. Microbial community structure and function on sinking particles in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:469. [PMID: 26042105 PMCID: PMC4436931 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Sinking particles mediate the transport of carbon and energy to the deep-sea, yet the specific microbes associated with sedimenting particles in the ocean's interior remain largely uncharacterized. In this study, we used particle interceptor traps (PITs) to assess the nature of particle-associated microbial communities collected at a variety of depths in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre. Comparative metagenomics was used to assess differences in microbial taxa and functional gene repertoires in PITs containing a preservative (poisoned traps) compared to preservative-free traps where growth was allowed to continue in situ (live traps). Live trap microbial communities shared taxonomic and functional similarities with bacteria previously reported to be enriched in dissolved organic matter (DOM) microcosms (e.g., Alteromonas and Methylophaga), in addition to other particle and eukaryote-associated bacteria (e.g., Flavobacteriales and Pseudoalteromonas). Poisoned trap microbial assemblages were enriched in Vibrio and Campylobacterales likely associated with eukaryotic surfaces and intestinal tracts as symbionts, pathogens, or saprophytes. The functional gene content of microbial assemblages in poisoned traps included a variety of genes involved in virulence, anaerobic metabolism, attachment to chitinaceaous surfaces, and chitin degradation. The presence of chitinaceaous surfaces was also accompanied by the co-existence of bacteria which encoded the capacity to attach to, transport and metabolize chitin and its derivatives. Distinctly different microbial assemblages predominated in live traps, which were largely represented by copiotrophs and eukaryote-associated bacterial communities. Predominant sediment trap-assocaited eukaryotic phyla included Dinoflagellata, Metazoa (mostly copepods), Protalveolata, Retaria, and Stramenopiles. These data indicate the central role of eukaryotic taxa in structuring sinking particle microbial assemblages, as well as the rapid responses of indigenous microbial species in the degradation of marine particulate organic matter (POM) in situ in the ocean's interior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina M Fontanez
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - John M Eppley
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, MA, USA ; Department of Oceanography, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawaii Honolulu, HI, USA ; Daniel K. Inouye Center for Microbial Oceanography: Research and Education, University of Hawaii Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Ty J Samo
- Department of Oceanography, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawaii Honolulu, HI, USA ; Daniel K. Inouye Center for Microbial Oceanography: Research and Education, University of Hawaii Honolulu, HI, USA ; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Nuclear and Chemical Sciences Division Livermore, CA, USA
| | - David M Karl
- Department of Oceanography, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawaii Honolulu, HI, USA ; Daniel K. Inouye Center for Microbial Oceanography: Research and Education, University of Hawaii Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Edward F DeLong
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, MA, USA ; Department of Oceanography, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawaii Honolulu, HI, USA ; Daniel K. Inouye Center for Microbial Oceanography: Research and Education, University of Hawaii Honolulu, HI, USA
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Townsley L, Yildiz FH. Temperature affects c-di-GMP signalling and biofilm formation in Vibrio cholerae. Environ Microbiol 2015; 17:4290-305. [PMID: 25684220 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.12799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Revised: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/31/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Biofilm formation is crucial to the environmental survival and transmission of Vibrio cholerae, the facultative human pathogen responsible for the disease cholera. During its infectious cycle, V. cholerae experiences fluctuations in temperature within the aquatic environment and during the transition between human host and aquatic reservoirs. In this study, we report that biofilm formation is induced at low temperatures through increased levels of the signalling molecule, cyclic diguanylate (c-di-GMP). Strains harbouring in frame deletions of all V. cholerae genes that are predicted to encode diguanylate cyclases (DGCs) or phosphodiesterases (PDEs) were screened for their involvement in low-temperature-induced biofilm formation and Vibrio polysaccharide gene expression. Of the 52 mutants tested, deletions of six DGCs and three PDEs were found to affect these phenotypes at low temperatures. Unlike wild type, a strain lacking all six DGCs did not exhibit a low-temperature-dependent increase in c-di-GMP, indicating that these DGCs are required for temperature modulation of c-di-GMP levels. We also show that temperature modulates c-di-GMP levels in a similar fashion in the Gram-negative pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa but not in the Gram-positive pathogen Listeria monocytogenes. This study uncovers the role of temperature in environmental regulation of biofilm formation and c-di-GMP signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loni Townsley
- Department of Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
| | - Fitnat H Yildiz
- Department of Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
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Species diversity, spatial distribution, and virulence associated genes of culturable vibrios in a brackish coastal Mediterranean environment. ANN MICROBIOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-015-1073-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Groner M, Breyta R, Dobson A, Friedman CS, Froelich B, Garren M, Gulland F, Maynard J, Weil E, Wyllie-Echeverria S, Harvell D. Emergency response for marine diseases. Science 2015; 347:1210. [DOI: 10.1126/science.347.6227.1210-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maya Groner
- Centre for Veterinary and Epidemiological Research, Department of Health Management, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, C1A 4P3, Canada
| | - Rachel Breyta
- School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Andy Dobson
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Carolyn S. Friedman
- School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Brett Froelich
- Department of Marine Science, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Melissa Garren
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | - Jeffrey Maynard
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Ernesto Weil
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez, Mayaguez, PR 00680, USA
| | | | - Drew Harvell
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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López-Hernández KM, Pardío-Sedas VT, Lizárraga-Partida L, Williams JDJ, Martínez-Herrera D, Flores-Primo A, Uscanga-Serrano R, Rendón-Castro K. Environmental parameters influence on the dynamics of total and pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus densities in Crassostrea virginica harvested from Mexico's Gulf coast. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2015; 91:317-329. [PMID: 25510545 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Revised: 11/01/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The influence of environmental parameters on the total and pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus seasonal densities in American oysters (Crassostrea virginica) was evaluated for 1 year. Harvesting site A yielded the highest mean densities of V. parahaemolyticus tlh+, tdh+/trh-, tdh-/trh+ and tdh+/trh+ during spring season at 2.57, 1.74, 0.36, and -0.40 log10 MPN/g, respectively, and tdh+/orf8+ during winter season (0.90 log10 MPN/g). V. parahaemolyticus tlh+ densities were associated to salinity (R(2)=0.372, P<0.022), tdh+/trh+ to turbidity (R(2)=0.597, P<0.035), and orf8+ to temperature, salinity, and pH (R(2)=0.964, P<0.001). The exposure to salinity and temperature conditions during winter and spring seasons regulated the dynamics of V. parahaemolyticus harboring potentially pathogenic genotypes within the oyster. The adaptive response of V. parahaemolyticus to seasonal environmental changes may lead to an increase in survival and virulence, threatening the seafood safety and increasing the risk of illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla M López-Hernández
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Veracruzana, Av. Miguel Ángel de Quevedo s/n esq. Yañez, Col. Unidad Veracruzana, Veracruz CP 91710, Mexico
| | - Violeta T Pardío-Sedas
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Veracruzana, Av. Miguel Ángel de Quevedo s/n esq. Yañez, Col. Unidad Veracruzana, Veracruz CP 91710, Mexico.
| | - Leonardo Lizárraga-Partida
- Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada, Ensenada, Baja California CP 22860, Mexico
| | - José de J Williams
- Dirección General de Desarrollo Académico, Edificio Central-Rectoría, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán CP 97000, Mexico
| | - David Martínez-Herrera
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Veracruzana, Av. Miguel Ángel de Quevedo s/n esq. Yañez, Col. Unidad Veracruzana, Veracruz CP 91710, Mexico
| | - Argel Flores-Primo
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Veracruzana, Av. Miguel Ángel de Quevedo s/n esq. Yañez, Col. Unidad Veracruzana, Veracruz CP 91710, Mexico
| | - Roxana Uscanga-Serrano
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Veracruzana, Av. Miguel Ángel de Quevedo s/n esq. Yañez, Col. Unidad Veracruzana, Veracruz CP 91710, Mexico
| | - Karla Rendón-Castro
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Veracruzana, Av. Miguel Ángel de Quevedo s/n esq. Yañez, Col. Unidad Veracruzana, Veracruz CP 91710, Mexico
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Long-term study of Vibrio parahaemolyticus prevalence and distribution in New Zealand shellfish. Appl Environ Microbiol 2015; 81:2320-7. [PMID: 25616790 DOI: 10.1128/aem.04020-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The food-borne pathogen Vibrio parahaemolyticus has been reported as being present in New Zealand (NZ) seawaters, but there have been no reported outbreaks of food-borne infection from commercially grown NZ seafood. Our study determined the current incidence of V. parahaemolyticus in NZ oysters and Greenshell mussels and the prevalence of V. parahaemolyticus tdh and trh strains. Pacific (235) and dredge (21) oyster samples and mussel samples (55) were obtained from commercial shellfish-growing areas between December 2009 and June 2012. Total V. parahaemolyticus numbers and the presence of pathogenic genes tdh and trh were determined using the FDA most-probable-number (MPN) method and confirmed using PCR analysis. In samples from the North Island of NZ, V. parahaemolyticus was detected in 81% of Pacific oysters and 34% of mussel samples, while the numbers of V. parahaemolyticus tdh and trh strains were low, with just 3/215 Pacific oyster samples carrying the tdh gene. V. parahaemolyticus organisms carrying tdh and trh were not detected in South Island samples, and V. parahaemolyticus was detected in just 1/21 dredge oyster and 2/16 mussel samples. Numbers of V. parahaemolyticus organisms increased when seawater temperatures were high, the season when most commercial shellfish-growing areas are not harvested. The numbers of V. parahaemolyticus organisms in samples exceeded 1,000 MPN/g only when the seawater temperatures exceeded 19°C, so this environmental parameter could be used as a trigger warning of potential hazard. There is some evidence that the total V. parahaemolyticus numbers increased compared with those reported from a previous 1981 to 1984 study, but the analytical methods differed significantly.
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Kingsley DH. High Pressure Processing of Bivalve Shellfish and HPP's Use as a Virus Intervention. Foods 2014; 3:336-350. [PMID: 28234323 PMCID: PMC5302369 DOI: 10.3390/foods3020336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Revised: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Bivalve shellfish readily bioconcentrate pathogenic microbes and substance, such as algal and dinoflagulate toxins, fecal viruses and bacteria, and naturally present vibrio bacteria. High pressure processing (HPP) is currently used as an intervention for Vibrio vulnificus bacteria within molluscan shellfish and its potential to inactivate food-borne viruses and bacteria are discussed. Mechanisms of action of high pressure against bacteria and viruses, as well as how time of pressure application, pressure levels, and pre-pressurization temperature influence inactivation are described. Matrix influences such as ionic strength are noted as important additional considerations. The potential of HPP to influence spoilage and enhance shelf-life of shucked shellfish is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- David H Kingsley
- Food Safety and Intervention Technologies Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, James W.W. Baker Center, Delaware State University, Dover, DE 19901, USA.
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Ishii S, Nakamura T, Ozawa S, Kobayashi A, Sano D, Okabe S. Water quality monitoring and risk assessment by simultaneous multipathogen quantification. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2014; 48:4744-9. [PMID: 24702133 DOI: 10.1021/es500578s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Water quality monitoring and microbial risk assessment are important to ensure safe water for drinking, recreational, and agricultural purposes. In this study, we applied a microfluidic quantitative PCR (MFQPCR) approach to simultaneously quantify multiple waterborne pathogens in a natural freshwater lake in Hokkaido, Japan, from April to November, 2012. Tens of thousands of geese stopped over at this lake during their migration in spring and fall. Because lake water is used for irrigation of the surrounding agricultural area, we assessed infection risks through irrigation water usage based on pathogen concentrations directly measured by MFQPCR. We detected various pathogens in the lake water, particularly during the bird migration seasons, suggesting that migratory birds were the main source of the pathogens. However, neither counts of geese nor fecal indicator bacteria were good predictors of pathogen concentrations. On the basis of quantitative microbial risk assessment, concentrations of Campylobacter jejuni and Shigella spp. in water samples were above the concentrations that can potentially cause 10(-4) infections per person per year when water is used to grow fresh vegetables. These results suggest that direct and simultaneous multipathogen quantification can provide more reliable and comprehensive information for risk assessment than the current fecal indicator-based approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Ishii
- Division of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University , Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
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Lutz C, Erken M, Noorian P, Sun S, McDougald D. Environmental reservoirs and mechanisms of persistence of Vibrio cholerae. Front Microbiol 2013; 4:375. [PMID: 24379807 PMCID: PMC3863721 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2013.00375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Accepted: 11/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
It is now well accepted that Vibrio cholerae, the causative agent of the water-borne disease cholera, is acquired from environmental sources where it persists between outbreaks of the disease. Recent advances in molecular technology have demonstrated that this bacterium can be detected in areas where it has not previously been isolated, indicating a much broader, global distribution of this bacterium outside of endemic regions. The environmental persistence of V. cholerae in the aquatic environment can be attributed to multiple intra- and interspecific strategies such as responsive gene regulation and biofilm formation on biotic and abiotic surfaces, as well as interactions with a multitude of other organisms. This review will discuss some of the mechanisms that enable the persistence of this bacterium in the environment. In particular, we will discuss how V. cholerae can survive stressors such as starvation, temperature, and salinity fluctuations as well as how the organism persists under constant predation by heterotrophic protists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Lutz
- Centre for Marine Bio-Innovation, School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Science, University of New South Wales Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Martina Erken
- Centre for Marine Bio-Innovation, School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Science, University of New South Wales Sydney, NSW, Australia ; Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore
| | - Parisa Noorian
- Centre for Marine Bio-Innovation, School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Science, University of New South Wales Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Shuyang Sun
- The Singapore Centre on Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore
| | - Diane McDougald
- Centre for Marine Bio-Innovation, School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Science, University of New South Wales Sydney, NSW, Australia ; Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore
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