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Sica J, Bovo B, Nadai C, Carlot M, Giacomini A, Corich V. Effect of CUP1 copy number and pH on copper resistance of Saccharomyces cerevisiae enological strains. Heliyon 2024; 10:e34885. [PMID: 39144927 PMCID: PMC11320302 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e34885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The widespread use of copper-based pesticides in winemaking can affect wine fermentation. Therefore, it is crucial to assess the resistance levels of Saccharomyces cerevisiae wine strains in enological growth conditions. In the context of winemaking, grape juice is a complex environment capable of chelating copper and is characterized by a distinctly acidic pH. In this work, the effects of copper concentration on the growth of 10 S. cerevisiae strains, isolated from an enological environment, and one commercial starter were tested in YNB minimal medium and synthetic must, mimicking enological conditions. In minimal medium, resistance to copper varied among yeasts (50-600 μM), revealing the presence of three resistance levels (high, intermediate, and low). Representative strains of the three groups were tested at a pH range from 5.2 to 3.0 at the copper concentration that showed a 20-25 % growth reduction. At pH range 5.2-4.5, a growth reduction was observed, while, conversely, a strain-specific recovery was observed at pH range 3.2-3.0. In synthetic must, the strains showed higher copper resistance levels than in minimal medium (50-4000 μM). In both synthetic must and minimal medium, a significant logarithmic correlation was found between copper resistance and CUP1 gene copy number. The copy number tended to better explain resistance in minimal medium compared to synthetic must. The results shed light on the role of CUP1 copy number within an enological environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo Sica
- Department of Agronomy Food Natural Resources Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020, Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - Barbara Bovo
- Department of Agronomy Food Natural Resources Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020, Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - Chiara Nadai
- Department of Agronomy Food Natural Resources Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020, Legnaro, PD, Italy
- Interdepartmental Centre for Research in Viticulture and Enology (CIRVE), University of Padova, Viale XXVIII Aprile 14, 31015, Conegliano, TV, Italy
| | - Milena Carlot
- Department of Agronomy Food Natural Resources Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020, Legnaro, PD, Italy
- Interdepartmental Centre for Research in Viticulture and Enology (CIRVE), University of Padova, Viale XXVIII Aprile 14, 31015, Conegliano, TV, Italy
| | - Alessio Giacomini
- Department of Agronomy Food Natural Resources Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020, Legnaro, PD, Italy
- Interdepartmental Centre for Research in Viticulture and Enology (CIRVE), University of Padova, Viale XXVIII Aprile 14, 31015, Conegliano, TV, Italy
| | - Viviana Corich
- Department of Agronomy Food Natural Resources Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020, Legnaro, PD, Italy
- Interdepartmental Centre for Research in Viticulture and Enology (CIRVE), University of Padova, Viale XXVIII Aprile 14, 31015, Conegliano, TV, Italy
- Department of Land, Environment, Agriculture and Forestry (TESAF), University of Padova, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020, Legnaro, PD, Italy
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Gronchi N, De Bernardini N, Cripwell RA, Treu L, Campanaro S, Basaglia M, Foulquié-Moreno MR, Thevelein JM, Van Zyl WH, Favaro L, Casella S. Natural Saccharomyces cerevisiae Strain Reveals Peculiar Genomic Traits for Starch-to-Bioethanol Production: the Design of an Amylolytic Consolidated Bioprocessing Yeast. Front Microbiol 2022; 12:768562. [PMID: 35126325 PMCID: PMC8815085 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.768562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural yeast with superior fermentative traits can serve as a platform for the development of recombinant strains that can be used to improve the sustainability of bioethanol production from starch. This process will benefit from a consolidated bioprocessing (CBP) approach where an engineered strain producing amylases directly converts starch into ethanol. The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae L20, previously selected as outperforming the benchmark yeast Ethanol Red, was here subjected to a comparative genomic investigation using a dataset of industrial S. cerevisiae strains. Along with Ethanol Red, strain L20 was then engineered for the expression of α-amylase amyA and glucoamylase glaA genes from Aspergillus tubingensis by employing two different approaches (delta integration and CRISPR/Cas9). A correlation between the number of integrated copies and the hydrolytic abilities of the recombinants was investigated. L20 demonstrated important traits for the construction of a proficient CBP yeast. Despite showing a close relatedness to commercial wine yeast and the benchmark Ethanol Red, a unique profile of gene copy number variations (CNVs) was found in L20, mainly encoding membrane transporters and secretion pathway proteins but also the fermentative metabolism. Moreover, the genome annotation disclosed seven open reading frames (ORFs) in L20 that are absent in the reference S288C genome. Genome engineering was successfully implemented for amylase production. However, with equal amylase gene copies, L20 proved its proficiency as a good enzyme secretor by exhibiting a markedly higher amylolytic activity than Ethanol Red, in compliance to the findings of the genomic exploration. The recombinant L20 dT8 exhibited the highest amylolytic activity and produced more than 4 g/L of ethanol from 2% starch in a CBP setting without the addition of supplementary enzymes. Based on the performance of this strain, an amylase/glucoamylase ratio of 1:2.5 was suggested as baseline for further improvement of the CBP ability. Overall, L20 showed important traits for the future construction of a proficient CBP yeast. As such, this work shows that natural S. cerevisiae strains can be used for the expression of foreign secreted enzymes, paving the way to strain improvement for the starch-to-bioethanol route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoletta Gronchi
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padua, Legnaro, Italy
| | | | - Rosemary A Cripwell
- Department of Microbiology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Laura Treu
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Marina Basaglia
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padua, Legnaro, Italy
| | | | - Johan M Thevelein
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, VIB, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- NovelYeast Bv, Open Bio-Incubator, Erasmus High School, Jette, Belgium
| | - Willem H Van Zyl
- Department of Microbiology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Lorenzo Favaro
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padua, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Sergio Casella
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padua, Legnaro, Italy
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Different Gene Expression Patterns of Hexose Transporter Genes Modulate Fermentation Performance of Four Saccharomyces cerevisiae Strains. FERMENTATION 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation7030164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the fermentation rate and the ability to complete the sugar transformation process depend on the glucose and fructose transporter set-up. Hexose transport mainly occurs via facilitated diffusion carriers and these are encoded by the HXT gene family and GAL2. In addition, FSY1, coding a fructose/H+ symporter, was identified in some wine strains. This little-known transporter could be relevant in the last part of the fermentation process when fructose is the most abundant sugar. In this work, we investigated the gene expression of the hexose transporters during late fermentation phase, by means of qPCR. Four S. cerevisiae strains (P301.9, R31.3, R008, isolated from vineyard, and the commercial EC1118) were considered and the transporter gene expression levels were determined to evaluate how the strain gene expression pattern modulated the late fermentation process. The very low global gene expression and the poor fermentation performance of R008 suggested that the overall expression level is a determinant to obtain the total sugar consumption. Each strain showed a specific gene expression profile that was strongly variable. This led to rethinking the importance of the HXT3 gene that was previously considered to play a major role in sugar transport. In vineyard strains, other transporter genes, such as HXT6/7, HXT8, and FSY1, showed higher expression levels, and the resulting gene expression patterns properly supported the late fermentation process.
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QTL mapping: an innovative method for investigating the genetic determinism of yeast-bacteria interactions in wine. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:5053-5066. [PMID: 34106310 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11376-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The two most commonly used wine microorganisms, Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast and Oenococcus oeni bacteria, are responsible for completion of alcoholic and malolactic fermentation (MLF), respectively. For successful co-inoculation, S. cerevisiae and O. oeni must be able to complete fermentation; however, this relies on compatibility between yeast and bacterial strains. For the first time, quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis was used to elucidate whether S. cerevisiae genetic makeup can play a role in the ability of O. oeni to complete MLF. Assessment of 67 progeny from a hybrid S. cerevisiae strain (SBxGN), co-inoculated with a single O. oeni strain, SB3, revealed a major QTL linked to MLF completion by O. oeni. This QTL encompassed a well-known translocation, XV-t-XVI, that results in increased SSU1 expression and is functionally linked with numerous phenotypes including lag phase duration and sulphite export and production. A reciprocal hemizygosity assay was performed to elucidate the effect of the gene SSU1 in the SBxGN background. Our results revealed a strong effect of SSU1 haploinsufficiency on O. oeni's ability to complete malolactic fermentation during co-inoculation and pave the way for the implementation of QTL mapping projects for deciphering the genetic bases of microbial interactions. KEY POINTS: • For the first time, QTL analysis has been used to study yeast-bacteria interactions. • A QTL encompassing a translocation, XV-t-XVI, was linked to MLF outcomes. • S. cerevisiae SSU1 haploinsufficiency positively impacted MLF by O. oeni.
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Gorkovskiy A, Verstrepen KJ. The Role of Structural Variation in Adaptation and Evolution of Yeast and Other Fungi. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:699. [PMID: 34066718 PMCID: PMC8150848 DOI: 10.3390/genes12050699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in DNA can be limited to one or a few nucleotides, or encompass larger deletions, insertions, duplications, inversions and translocations that span long stretches of DNA or even full chromosomes. These so-called structural variations (SVs) can alter the gene copy number, modify open reading frames, change regulatory sequences or chromatin structure and thus result in major phenotypic changes. As some of the best-known examples of SV are linked to severe genetic disorders, this type of mutation has traditionally been regarded as negative and of little importance for adaptive evolution. However, the advent of genomic technologies uncovered the ubiquity of SVs even in healthy organisms. Moreover, experimental evolution studies suggest that SV is an important driver of evolution and adaptation to new environments. Here, we provide an overview of the causes and consequences of SV and their role in adaptation, with specific emphasis on fungi since these have proven to be excellent models to study SV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Gorkovskiy
- Laboratory for Genetics and Genomics, Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics (CMPG), KU Leuven, Gaston Geenslaan 1, 3001 Leuven, Belgium;
- Laboratory for Systems Biology, VIB—KU Leuven Center for Microbiology, Bio-Incubator, Gaston Geenslaan 1, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kevin J. Verstrepen
- Laboratory for Genetics and Genomics, Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics (CMPG), KU Leuven, Gaston Geenslaan 1, 3001 Leuven, Belgium;
- Laboratory for Systems Biology, VIB—KU Leuven Center for Microbiology, Bio-Incubator, Gaston Geenslaan 1, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
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Porras-Agüera JA, Moreno-García J, García-Martínez T, Moreno J, Mauricio JC. Impact of CO 2 overpressure on yeast mitochondrial associated proteome during the "prise de mousse" of sparkling wine production. Int J Food Microbiol 2021; 348:109226. [PMID: 33964807 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2021.109226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The "prise de mousse" stage during sparkling wine elaboration by the traditional method (Champenoise) involves a second fermentation in a sealed bottle followed by a prolonged aging period, known to contribute significantly to the unique organoleptic properties of these wines. During this stage, CO2 overpressure, nutrient starvation and high ethanol concentrations are stress factors that affect yeast cells viability and metabolism. Since mitochondria are responsible for energy generation and are required for cell aging and response to numerous stresses, we hypothesized that these organelles may play an essential role during the prise de mousse. The objective of this study is to characterize the mitochondrial response of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain traditionally used in sparkling wine production along the "prise de mousse" and study the effect of CO2 overpressure through a proteomic analysis. We observed that pressure negatively affects the content of mitochondrion-related proteome, especially to those proteins involved in tricarboxylic acid cycle. However, proteins required for the branched-amino acid synthesis, implied in wine aromas, and respiratory chain, also previously reported by transcriptomic analyses, were found over-represented in the sealed bottles. Multivariate analysis of proteins required for tricarboxylic cycle, respiratory chain and amino acid metabolism revealed differences in concentrations, allowing the wine samples to group depending on the time and CO2 overpressure parameters. Ethanol content along the second fermentation could be the main reason for this changing behavior observed at proteomic level. Further research including genetic studies, determination of ROS, characterization of mitochondrial activity and targeted metabolomics analyses is required. The list of mitochondrial proteins provided in this work will lead to a better understanding of the yeast behavior under these conditions of special interest in the wine industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Antonio Porras-Agüera
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Edaphology and Microbiology, Severo Ochoa (C6) building, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence CeiA3, University of Cordoba, Ctra. N-IV-A mm 396, 14014 Cordoba, Spain.
| | - Jaime Moreno-García
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Edaphology and Microbiology, Severo Ochoa (C6) building, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence CeiA3, University of Cordoba, Ctra. N-IV-A mm 396, 14014 Cordoba, Spain.
| | - Teresa García-Martínez
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Edaphology and Microbiology, Severo Ochoa (C6) building, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence CeiA3, University of Cordoba, Ctra. N-IV-A mm 396, 14014 Cordoba, Spain.
| | - Juan Moreno
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Edaphology and Microbiology, Severo Ochoa (C6) building, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence CeiA3, University of Cordoba, Ctra. N-IV-A mm 396, 14014 Cordoba, Spain.
| | - Juan Carlos Mauricio
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Edaphology and Microbiology, Severo Ochoa (C6) building, Agrifood Campus of International Excellence CeiA3, University of Cordoba, Ctra. N-IV-A mm 396, 14014 Cordoba, Spain.
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Yeast Metabolism and Its Exploitation in Emerging Winemaking Trends: From Sulfite Tolerance to Sulfite Reduction. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation7020057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Sulfite is widely used as a preservative in foods and beverages for its antimicrobial and antioxidant activities, particularly in winemaking where SO2 is frequently added. Thus, sulfite resistance mechanisms have been extensively studied in the fermenting yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Nevertheless, in recent years, a negative perception has developed towards sulfites in wine, because of human health and environmental concerns. Increasing consumer demand for wines with low SO2 content is pushing the winemaking sector to develop new practices in order to reduce sulfite content in wine, including the use of physical and chemical alternatives to SO2, and the exploitation of microbial resources to the same purpose. For this reason, the formation of sulfur-containing compounds by wine yeast has become a crucial point of research during the last decades. In this context, the aim of this review is to examine the main mechanisms weaponized by Saccharomyces cerevisiae for coping with sulfite, with a particular emphasis on the production of sulfite and glutathione, sulfite detoxification through membrane efflux (together with the genetic determinants thereof), and production of SO2-binding compounds.
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Crosato G, Nadai C, Carlot M, Garavaglia J, Ziegler DR, Rossi RC, De Castilhos J, Campanaro S, Treu L, Giacomini A, Corich V. The impact of CUP1 gene copy-number and XVI-VIII/XV-XVI translocations on copper and sulfite tolerance in vineyard Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain populations. FEMS Yeast Res 2020; 20:5841524. [DOI: 10.1093/femsyr/foaa028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT
In wine production, sulfites are widely used as antimicrobials and antioxidants, whereas copper is associated with fungicides and wine fining treatments. Therefore, wine yeasts are constantly exposed to these agents. Copper tolerance is related to the copy number of the CUP1 gene, encoding for a metallothionein involved in copper detoxification. In wine yeasts, sulfite resistance mainly depends on the presence of the translocation t(XVI;VIII) in the promoter region of the SSU1 gene. This gene encodes for a plasma membrane sulfite pump involved in sulfite metabolism and detoxification. Recently, a new translocation, t(XVI;VIII), was identified. In this work, 253 Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains, representing three vineyard populations from two different continents, were analyzed, along with 20 industrial starters. Copper and sulfites tolerance as well as distribution of CUP1 gene copy-number, t(XVI;VIII)and t(XVI;XV) of SSU1 gene were studied to evaluate the impact of these genomic variations on population phenotypes. The CUP1 gene copy-number was found to be highly variable, ranging from zero to 79 per strain. Moreover it differently impacted the copper tolerance in the populations of the two continents. The diffusion of t(XVI;VIII) and, for the first time, t(XVI;XV) was determined in the three vineyard populations. The correlation between the presence of the translocation and strain sulfite tolerance levels was significant only for the t(XVI;VIII).
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Crosato
- Interdepartmental Centre for Research in Viticulture and Enology (CIRVE), University of Padova. Via XXVIII Aprile, 14–31015, Conegliano (TV), Italy
| | - Chiara Nadai
- Interdepartmental Centre for Research in Viticulture and Enology (CIRVE), University of Padova. Via XXVIII Aprile, 14–31015, Conegliano (TV), Italy
| | - Milena Carlot
- Interdepartmental Centre for Research in Viticulture and Enology (CIRVE), University of Padova. Via XXVIII Aprile, 14–31015, Conegliano (TV), Italy
- Department of Agronomy Food Natural resources Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova. Viale dell'Università, 16–35020, Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - Juliano Garavaglia
- Institute of Technology of Food for Health (ittNutrifor), University of Vale do Rio dos Sinos (UNISINOS). Avenida Unisinos, 950–93022–750, Cristo Rei – São Leopoldo (RS), Brazil
- Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA) Sarmento Leite Avenue, 245, Porto Alegre, RS, 90050–170, Brazil
| | - Denise Righetto Ziegler
- Institute of Technology of Food for Health (ittNutrifor), University of Vale do Rio dos Sinos (UNISINOS). Avenida Unisinos, 950–93022–750, Cristo Rei – São Leopoldo (RS), Brazil
| | - Rochele Cassanta Rossi
- Institute of Technology of Food for Health (ittNutrifor), University of Vale do Rio dos Sinos (UNISINOS). Avenida Unisinos, 950–93022–750, Cristo Rei – São Leopoldo (RS), Brazil
| | - Juliana De Castilhos
- Institute of Technology of Food for Health (ittNutrifor), University of Vale do Rio dos Sinos (UNISINOS). Avenida Unisinos, 950–93022–750, Cristo Rei – São Leopoldo (RS), Brazil
| | - Stefano Campanaro
- Department of Biology, Università di Padova, via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Laura Treu
- Department of Biology, Università di Padova, via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Alessio Giacomini
- Interdepartmental Centre for Research in Viticulture and Enology (CIRVE), University of Padova. Via XXVIII Aprile, 14–31015, Conegliano (TV), Italy
- Department of Agronomy Food Natural resources Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova. Viale dell'Università, 16–35020, Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - Viviana Corich
- Interdepartmental Centre for Research in Viticulture and Enology (CIRVE), University of Padova. Via XXVIII Aprile, 14–31015, Conegliano (TV), Italy
- Department of Agronomy Food Natural resources Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova. Viale dell'Università, 16–35020, Legnaro (PD), Italy
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Favaro L, Cagnin L, Corte L, Roscini L, De Pascale F, Treu L, Campanaro S, Basaglia M, van Zyl WH, Casella S, Cardinali G. Metabolomic Alterations Do Not Induce Metabolic Burden in the Industrial Yeast M2n[pBKD2- Pccbgl1]-C1 Engineered by Multiple δ-Integration of a Fungal β-Glucosidase Gene. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2019; 7:376. [PMID: 31850332 PMCID: PMC6893308 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2019.00376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the lignocellulosic yeast development, metabolic burden relates to redirection of resources from regular cellular activities toward the needs created by recombinant protein production. As a result, growth parameters may be greatly affected. Noteworthy, Saccharomyces cerevisiae M2n[pBKD2-Pccbgl1]-C1, previously developed by multiple δ-integration of the β-glucosidase BGL3, did not show any detectable metabolic burden. This work aims to test the hypothesis that the metabolic burden and the metabolomic perturbation induced by the δ-integration of a yeast strain, could differ significantly. The engineered strain was evaluated in terms of metabolic performances and metabolomic alterations in different conditions typical of the bioethanol industry. Results indicate that the multiple δ-integration did not affect the ability of the engineered strain to grow on different carbon sources and to tolerate increasing concentrations of ethanol and inhibitory compounds. Conversely, metabolomic profiles were significantly altered both under growing and stressing conditions, indicating a large extent of metabolic reshuffling involved in the maintenance of the metabolic homeostasis. Considering that four copies of BGL3 gene have been integrated without affecting any parental genes or promoter sequences, deeper studies are needed to unveil the mechanisms implied in these metabolomic changes, thus supporting the optimization of protein production in engineered strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Favaro
- Department of Agronomy Food Natural Resources Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Cagnin
- Department of Agronomy Food Natural Resources Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Laura Corte
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences-Microbiology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Luca Roscini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences-Microbiology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Laura Treu
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Marina Basaglia
- Department of Agronomy Food Natural Resources Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Willem H van Zyl
- Department of Microbiology, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, South Africa
| | - Sergio Casella
- Department of Agronomy Food Natural Resources Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Cardinali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences-Microbiology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.,Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, Centre of Excellence on Nanostructured Innovative Materials (CEMIN), University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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10
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Lage P, Sampaio-Marques B, Ludovico P, Mira NP, Mendes-Ferreira A. Transcriptomic and chemogenomic analyses unveil the essential role of Com2-regulon in response and tolerance of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to stress induced by sulfur dioxide. MICROBIAL CELL 2019; 6:509-523. [PMID: 31799324 PMCID: PMC6859422 DOI: 10.15698/mic2019.11.697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
During vinification Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells are frequently exposed to high concentrations of sulfur dioxide (SO2) that is used to avoid overgrowth of unwanted bacteria or fungi present in the must. Up to now the characterization of the molecular mechanisms by which S. cerevisiae responds and tolerates SO2 was focused on the role of the sulfite efflux pump Ssu1 and investigation on the involvement of other players has been scarce, especially at a genome-wide level. In this work, we uncovered the essential role of the poorly characterized transcription factor Com2 in tolerance and response of S. cerevisiae to stress induced by SO2 at the enologically relevant pH of 3.5. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that Com2 controls, directly or indirectly, the expression of more than 80% of the genes activated by SO2, a percentage much higher than the one that could be attributed to any other stress-responsive transcription factor. Large-scale phenotyping of the yeast haploid mutant collection led to the identification of 50 Com2-targets contributing to the protection against SO2 including all the genes that compose the sulfate reduction pathway (MET3, MET14, MET16, MET5, MET10) and the majority of the genes required for biosynthesis of lysine (LYS2, LYS21, LYS20, LYS14, LYS4, LYS5, LYS1 and LYS9) or arginine (ARG5,6, ARG4, ARG2, ARG3, ARG7, ARG8, ORT1 and CPA1). Other uncovered determinants of resistance to SO2 (not under the control of Com2) included genes required for function and assembly of the vacuolar proton pump and enzymes of the antioxidant defense, consistent with the observed cytosolic and mitochondrial accumulation of reactive oxygen species in SO2-stressed yeast cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Lage
- Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Escola de Ciências da Vida e Ambiente; Vila Real, Portugal.,BioISI - Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Campo Grande, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Belém Sampaio-Marques
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Paula Ludovico
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Nuno P Mira
- Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Department of Bioengineering, University of Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana Mendes-Ferreira
- Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Escola de Ciências da Vida e Ambiente; Vila Real, Portugal.,BioISI - Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Campo Grande, Lisboa, Portugal
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11
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Genetic variability and physiological traits of Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains isolated from "Vale dos Vinhedos" vineyards reflect agricultural practices and history of this Brazilian wet subtropical area. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 34:105. [PMID: 29971504 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-018-2490-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Vale dos Vinhedos appellation of origin has a very recent history as industrial wine making region. In this study we investigated the genetic and phenotypic variability of Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains isolated from South-Brazilian vineyards in order to evaluate strain fermentation aptitude and copper and sulphites tolerance. Merlot grape bunches were collected from three vineyards and yeast isolation was performed after single bunch fermentation. High genotypic variability was found and most of the genotypes revealed to be vine-specific. No industrial strain dissemination was present in the sampled vineyards, although it has been wildly reported in traditional winemaking countries. From the phenotypic traits analysis these Brazilian native strains showed good fermentation performances, good tolerance to sulphites and, in particular, a high copper tolerance level. Copper is the most important metal in the formulation of fungicides against downy mildew (Plasmopara viticola), one of the most harmful disease of the vines, and other fungal pests. The high tolerance to copper suggests an environmental adaptation to the strong use of copper-based fungicides, requested by the wet subtropical climate.
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12
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Lemos Junior WJF, da Silva Duarte V, Treu L, Campanaro S, Nadai C, Giacomini A, Corich V. Whole genome comparison of two Starmerella bacillaris strains with other wine yeasts uncovers genes involved in modulating important winemaking traits. FEMS Yeast Res 2018; 18:5046425. [DOI: 10.1093/femsyr/foy069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Wilson Josè Fernandes Lemos Junior
- Department of Agronomy Food Natural Resources Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Viale dell’Università 16, Legnaro, 35020, Italy
| | - Vinicius da Silva Duarte
- Department of Microbiology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. PH Rolfs s/n, Campus Universitário, 36570 000, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Laura Treu
- Department of Agronomy Food Natural Resources Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Viale dell’Università 16, Legnaro, 35020, Italy
| | - Stefano Campanaro
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58b, 35121, Padova, Italy
| | - Chiara Nadai
- Department of Agronomy Food Natural Resources Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Viale dell’Università 16, Legnaro, 35020, Italy
- Interdepartmental Centre for Research in Viticulture and Enology (CIRVE), University of Padova, Via XXVIII Aprile 14, Conegliano, 31015, Italy
| | - Alessio Giacomini
- Department of Agronomy Food Natural Resources Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Viale dell’Università 16, Legnaro, 35020, Italy
- Interdepartmental Centre for Research in Viticulture and Enology (CIRVE), University of Padova, Via XXVIII Aprile 14, Conegliano, 31015, Italy
| | - Viviana Corich
- Department of Agronomy Food Natural Resources Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Viale dell’Università 16, Legnaro, 35020, Italy
- Interdepartmental Centre for Research in Viticulture and Enology (CIRVE), University of Padova, Via XXVIII Aprile 14, Conegliano, 31015, Italy
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13
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Treu L, Campanaro S, Kougias PG, Sartori C, Bassani I, Angelidaki I. Hydrogen-Fueled Microbial Pathways in Biogas Upgrading Systems Revealed by Genome-Centric Metagenomics. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1079. [PMID: 29892275 PMCID: PMC5985405 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Biogas upgrading via carbon dioxide hydrogenation is an emerging technology for electrofuel production. The biomethanation efficiency is strongly dependent on a balanced microbial consortium, whose high- resolution characterization along with their functional potential and interactions are pivotal for process optimization. The present work is the first genome-centric metagenomic study on mesophilic and thermophilic biogas upgrading reactors aiming to define the metabolic profile of more than 200 uncultivated microbes involved in hydrogen assisted methanogenesis. The outcomes from predictive functional analyses were correlated with microbial abundance variations to clarify the effect of process parameters on the community. The operational temperature significantly influenced the microbial richness of the reactors, while the H2 addition distinctively alternated the abundance of the taxa. Two different Methanoculleus species (one mesophilic and one thermophilic) were identified as the main responsible ones for methane metabolism. Finally, it was demonstrated that the addition of H2 exerted a selective pressure on the concerted or syntrophic interactions of specific microbes functionally related to carbon fixation, propionate and butanoate metabolisms. Novel bacteria were identified as candidate syntrophic acetate oxidizers (e.g., Tepidanaerobacter sp. DTU063), while the addition of H2 favored the proliferation of potential homoacetogens (e.g., Clostridia sp. DTU183). Population genomes encoding genes of Wood-Ljungdahl pathway were mainly thermophilic, while propionate degraders were mostly identified at mesophilic conditions. Finally, putative syntrophic interactions were identified between microbes that have either versatile metabolic abilities or are obligate/facultative syntrophs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Treu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | - Panagiotis G. Kougias
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Cristina Sartori
- Department of Agronomy, Food Natural Resources Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Ilaria Bassani
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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14
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Genomic analysis and immune response in a murine mastitis model of vB_EcoM-UFV13, a potential biocontrol agent for use in dairy cows. Sci Rep 2018; 8:6845. [PMID: 29717158 PMCID: PMC5931544 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-24896-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Bovine mastitis remains the main cause of economic losses for dairy farmers. Mammary pathogenic Escherichia coli (MPEC) is related to an acute mastitis and its treatment is still based on the use of antibiotics. In the era of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), bacterial viruses (bacteriophages) present as an efficient treatment or prophylactic option. However, this makes it essential that its genetic structure, stability and interaction with the host immune system be thoroughly characterized. The present study analyzed a novel, broad host-range anti-mastitis agent, the T4virus vB_EcoM-UFV13 in genomic terms, and its activity against a MPEC strain in an experimental E. coli-induced mastitis mouse model. 4,975 Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) were assigned between vB_EcoM-UFV13 and E. coli phage T4 genomes with high impact on coding sequences (CDS) (37.60%) for virion proteins. Phylogenetic trees and genome analysis supported a recent infection mix between vB_EcoM-UFV13 and Shigella phage Shfl2. After a viral stability evaluation (e.g pH and temperature), intramammary administration (MOI 10) resulted in a 10-fold reduction in bacterial load. Furthermore, pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-6 and TNF-α, were observed after viral treatment. This work brings the whole characterization and immune response to vB_EcoM-UFV13, a biocontrol candidate for bovine mastitis.
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15
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Hydrogen sulfide synthesis in native Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains during alcoholic fermentations. Food Microbiol 2018; 70:206-213. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2017.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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16
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Nadai C, Bovo B, Giacomini A, Corich V. New rapid
PCR
protocol based on high‐resolution melting analysis to identify
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
and other species within its genus. J Appl Microbiol 2018; 124:1232-1242. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.13709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Nadai
- Department of Agronomy Food Natural resources Animals and Environment (DAFNAE) University of Padova Legnaro PD Italy
| | - B. Bovo
- Department of Agronomy Food Natural resources Animals and Environment (DAFNAE) University of Padova Legnaro PD Italy
| | - A. Giacomini
- Department of Agronomy Food Natural resources Animals and Environment (DAFNAE) University of Padova Legnaro PD Italy
- Interdepartmental Centre for Research in Viticulture and Enology (CIRVE) University of Padova Conegliano TV Italy
| | - V. Corich
- Department of Agronomy Food Natural resources Animals and Environment (DAFNAE) University of Padova Legnaro PD Italy
- Interdepartmental Centre for Research in Viticulture and Enology (CIRVE) University of Padova Conegliano TV Italy
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17
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The role of nitrogen uptake on the competition ability of three vineyard Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains. Int J Food Microbiol 2017; 258:1-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2017.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Revised: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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18
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Lemos Junior WJF, Viel A, Bovo B, Carlot M, Giacomini A, Corich V. Saccharomyces cerevisiae vineyard strains have different nitrogen requirements that affect their fermentation performances. Lett Appl Microbiol 2017; 65:381-387. [PMID: 28862747 DOI: 10.1111/lam.12798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2017] [Revised: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In this work the fermentation performances of seven vineyard strains, together with the industrial strain EC1118, have been investigated at three differing yeast assimilable nitrogen (YAN) concentrations (300 mg N l-1 , 150 mg N l-1 and 70 mg N l-1 ) in synthetic musts. The results indicated that the response to different nitrogen levels is strain dependent. Most of the strains showed a dramatic decrease of the fermentation at 70 mg N l-1 but no significant differences in CO2 production were found when fermentations at 300 mg N l-1 and 150 mg N l-1 were compared. Only one among the vineyard strains showed a decrease of the fermentation when 150 mg N l-1 were present in the must. These results contribute to shed light on strain nitrogen requirements and offer new perspectives to manage the fermentation process during winemaking. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Selected vineyard Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains can improve the quality and the complexity of local wines. Wine quality is also influenced by nitrogen availability that modulates yeast fermentation activity. In this work, yeast nitrogen assimilation was evaluated to clarify the nitrogen requirements of vineyard strains. Most of the strains needed high nitrogen levels to express the best fermentation performances. The results obtained indicate the critical nitrogen levels. When the nitrogen concentration was above the critical level, the fermentation process increased, but if the level of nitrogen was further increased no effect on the fermentation was found.
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Affiliation(s)
- W J F Lemos Junior
- Department of Agronomy Food Natural Resources Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - A Viel
- Interdepartmental Centre for Research in Viticulture and Enology (CIRVE), University of Padova, Conegliano, Italy
| | - B Bovo
- Department of Agronomy Food Natural Resources Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Interdepartmental Centre for Research in Viticulture and Enology (CIRVE), University of Padova, Conegliano, Italy
| | - M Carlot
- Interdepartmental Centre for Research in Viticulture and Enology (CIRVE), University of Padova, Conegliano, Italy
| | - A Giacomini
- Department of Agronomy Food Natural Resources Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Interdepartmental Centre for Research in Viticulture and Enology (CIRVE), University of Padova, Conegliano, Italy
| | - V Corich
- Department of Agronomy Food Natural Resources Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Interdepartmental Centre for Research in Viticulture and Enology (CIRVE), University of Padova, Conegliano, Italy
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19
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Viel A, Legras JL, Nadai C, Carlot M, Lombardi A, Crespan M, Migliaro D, Giacomini A, Corich V. The Geographic Distribution of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Isolates within three Italian Neighboring Winemaking Regions Reveals Strong Differences in Yeast Abundance, Genetic Diversity and Industrial Strain Dissemination. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1595. [PMID: 28883812 PMCID: PMC5573751 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years the interest for natural fermentations has been re-evaluated in terms of increasing the wine terroir and managing more sustainable winemaking practices. Therefore, the level of yeast genetic variability and the abundance of Saccharomyces cerevisiae native populations in vineyard are becoming more and more crucial at both ecological and technological level. Among the factors that can influence the strain diversity, the commercial starter release that accidentally occur in the environment around the winery, has to be considered. In this study we led a wide scale investigation of S. cerevisiae genetic diversity and population structure in the vineyards of three neighboring winemaking regions of Protected Appellation of Origin, in North-East of Italy. Combining mtDNA RFLP and microsatellite markers analyses we evaluated 634 grape samples collected over 3 years. We could detect major differences in the presence of S. cerevisiae yeasts, according to the winemaking region. The population structures revealed specificities of yeast microbiota at vineyard scale, with a relative Appellation of Origin area homogeneity, and transition zones suggesting a geographic differentiation. Surprisingly, we found a widespread industrial yeast dissemination that was very high in the areas where the native yeast abundance was low. Although geographical distance is a key element involved in strain distribution, the high presence of industrial strains in vineyard reduced the differences between populations. This finding indicates that industrial yeast diffusion it is a real emergency and their presence strongly interferes with the natural yeast microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Viel
- Interdepartmental Centre for Research in Viticulture and Enology, University of PadovaConegliano, Italy
| | - Jean-Luc Legras
- SPO, INRA, SupAgro, Université de MontpellierMontpellier, France
| | - Chiara Nadai
- Interdepartmental Centre for Research in Viticulture and Enology, University of PadovaConegliano, Italy
| | - Milena Carlot
- Interdepartmental Centre for Research in Viticulture and Enology, University of PadovaConegliano, Italy
| | - Angiolella Lombardi
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and the Environment, University of PadovaLegnaro, Italy
| | - Manna Crespan
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l'analisi dell'Economia Agraria-Centro di Ricerca per la Viticoltura e l'enologiaConegliano, Italy
| | - Daniele Migliaro
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l'analisi dell'Economia Agraria-Centro di Ricerca per la Viticoltura e l'enologiaConegliano, Italy
| | - Alessio Giacomini
- Interdepartmental Centre for Research in Viticulture and Enology, University of PadovaConegliano, Italy.,Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and the Environment, University of PadovaLegnaro, Italy
| | - Viviana Corich
- Interdepartmental Centre for Research in Viticulture and Enology, University of PadovaConegliano, Italy.,Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and the Environment, University of PadovaLegnaro, Italy
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20
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Marsit S, Leducq JB, Durand É, Marchant A, Filteau M, Landry CR. Evolutionary biology through the lens of budding yeast comparative genomics. Nat Rev Genet 2017; 18:581-598. [DOI: 10.1038/nrg.2017.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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21
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Genome comparison and physiological characterization of eight Streptococcus thermophilus strains isolated from Italian dairy products. Food Microbiol 2017; 63:47-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2016.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Revised: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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22
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Filteau M, Charron G, Landry CR. Identification of the fitness determinants of budding yeast on a natural substrate. THE ISME JOURNAL 2017; 11:959-971. [PMID: 27935595 PMCID: PMC5364353 DOI: 10.1038/ismej.2016.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Revised: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The budding yeasts are prime models in genomics and cell biology, but the ecological factors that determine their success in non-human-associated habitats is poorly understood. In North America Saccharomyces yeasts are present on the bark of deciduous trees, where they feed on bark and sap exudates. In the North East, Saccharomyces paradoxus is found on maples, which makes maple sap a natural substrate for this species. We measured growth rates of S. paradoxus natural isolates on maple sap and found variation along a geographical gradient not explained by the inherent variation observed under optimal laboratory conditions. We used a functional genomic screen to reveal the ecologically relevant genes and conditions required for optimal growth in this substrate. We found that the allantoin degradation pathway is required for optimal growth in maple sap, in particular genes necessary for allantoate utilization, which we demonstrate is the major nitrogen source available to yeast in this environment. Growth with allantoin or allantoate as the sole nitrogen source recapitulated the variation in growth rates in maple sap among strains. We also show that two lineages of S. paradoxus display different life-history traits on allantoin and allantoate media, highlighting the ecological relevance of this pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Filteau
- Département de Biologie, PROTEO, Big Data Research Center and Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes (IBIS), Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
- Département des Sciences des aliments, Institut sur la nutrition et les aliments fonctionnels (INAF), Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Guillaume Charron
- Département de Biologie, PROTEO, Big Data Research Center and Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes (IBIS), Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Christian R Landry
- Département de Biologie, PROTEO, Big Data Research Center and Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes (IBIS), Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
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23
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Deed RC, Fedrizzi B, Gardner RC. Saccharomyces cerevisiae FLO1 Gene Demonstrates Genetic Linkage to Increased Fermentation Rate at Low Temperatures. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2017; 7:1039-1048. [PMID: 28143947 PMCID: PMC5345705 DOI: 10.1534/g3.116.037630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Low fermentation temperatures are of importance to food and beverage industries working with Saccharomyces cerevisiae Therefore, the identification of genes demonstrating a positive impact on fermentation kinetics is of significant interest. A set of 121 mapped F1 progeny, derived from a cross between haploid strains BY4716 (a derivative of the laboratory yeast S288C) and wine yeast RM11-1a, were fermented in New Zealand Sauvignon Blanc grape juice at 12.5°. Analyses of five key fermentation kinetic parameters among the F1 progeny identified a quantitative trait locus (QTL) on chromosome I with a significant degree of linkage to maximal fermentation rate (Vmax) at low temperature. Independent deletions of two candidate genes within the region, FLO1 and SWH1, were constructed in the parental strains (with S288C representing BY4716). Fermentation of wild-type and deletion strains at 12.5 and 25° confirmed that the genetic linkage to Vmax corresponds to the S288C version of the FLO1 allele, as the absence of this allele reduced Vmax by ∼50% at 12.5°, but not at 25°. Reciprocal hemizygosity analysis (RHA) between S288C and RM11-1a FLO1 alleles did not confirm the prediction that the S288C version of FLO1 was promoting more rapid fermentation in the opposing strain background, suggesting that the positive effect on Vmax derived from S288C FLO1 may only provide an advantage in haploids, or is dependent on strain-specific cis or trans effects. This research adds to the growing body of evidence demonstrating the role of FLO1 in providing stress tolerance to S. cerevisiae during fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca C Deed
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
| | - Bruno Fedrizzi
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
| | - Richard C Gardner
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
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24
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Aptitude of Saccharomyces yeasts to ferment unripe grapes harvested during cluster thinning for reducing alcohol content of wine. Int J Food Microbiol 2016; 236:56-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2016.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Revised: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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25
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Kougias PG, Treu L, Campanaro S, Zhu X, Angelidaki I. Dynamic functional characterization and phylogenetic changes due to Long Chain Fatty Acids pulses in biogas reactors. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28810. [PMID: 27353502 PMCID: PMC4926282 DOI: 10.1038/srep28810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The process stability of biogas plants is often deteriorated by the accumulation of Long Chain Fatty Acids (LCFA). The microbial community shifts due to LCFA disturbances have been poorly understood as the molecular techniques used were not able to identify the genome characteristics of uncultured microorganisms, and additionally, the presence of limited number of reference genomes in public databases prevented the comprehension of specific functional roles characterizing these microorganisms. The present study is the first research which deciphers by means of high throughput shotgun sequencing the dynamics of the microbial community during an inhibitory shock load induced by single pulses of unsaturated LCFA at two different concentrations (i.e. 2 g/L-reactor and 3 g/L-reactor). The metagenomic analysis showed that only the microbes associated with LCFA degradation could encode proteins related to "chemotaxis" and "flagellar assembly", which promoted the ability to move towards the LCFA sources so as to degrade them. Moreover, the syntrophic interactions found between Syntrophomonas sp. together with Methanosarcina sp. were possibly assigned to the menaquinone-electron transfer. Finally, it was proven that a previously exposed to LCFA inoculum is more efficient in the degradation process of LCFA due to the specialization of the microbial consortium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis G. Kougias
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Laura Treu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Stefano Campanaro
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58/b, 35121, Padova Italy
| | - Xinyu Zhu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Irini Angelidaki
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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26
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Sun X, Wang Z, Guo X, Li H, Gu Z. Coordinated Evolution of Transcriptional and Post-Transcriptional Regulation for Mitochondrial Functions in Yeast Strains. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0153523. [PMID: 27077367 PMCID: PMC4831757 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Evolution of gene regulation has been proposed to play an important role in environmental adaptation. Exploring mechanisms underlying coordinated evolutionary changes at various levels of gene regulation could shed new light on how organism adapt in nature. In this study, we focused on regulatory differences between a laboratory Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain BY4742 and a pathogenic S. cerevisiae strain, YJM789. The two strains diverge in many features, including growth rate, morphology, high temperature tolerance, and pathogenicity. Our RNA-Seq and ribosomal footprint profiling data showed that gene expression differences are pervasive, and genes functioning in mitochondria are mostly divergent between the two strains at both transcriptional and translational levels. Combining functional genomics data from other yeast strains, we further demonstrated that significant divergence of expression for genes functioning in the electron transport chain (ETC) was likely caused by differential expression of a transcriptional factor, HAP4, and that post-transcriptional regulation mediated by an RNA-binding protein, PUF3, likely led to expression divergence for genes involved in mitochondrial translation. We also explored mito-nuclear interactions via mitochondrial DNA replacement between strains. Although the two mitochondrial genomes harbor substantial sequence divergence, neither growth nor gene expression were affected by mitochondrial DNA replacement in both fermentative and respiratory growth media, indicating compatible mitochondrial and nuclear genomes between these two strains in the tested conditions. Collectively, we used mitochondrial functions as an example to demonstrate for the first time that evolution at both transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels could lead to coordinated regulatory changes underlying strain specific functional variations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuepeng Sun
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States of America
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States of America
| | - Xiaoxian Guo
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States of America
| | - Hongye Li
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China
| | - Zhenglong Gu
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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27
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Sabir F, Loureiro-Dias MC, Prista C. Comparative analysis of sequences, polymorphisms and topology of yeasts aquaporins and aquaglyceroporins. FEMS Yeast Res 2016; 16:fow025. [DOI: 10.1093/femsyr/fow025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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28
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Taha, Siddiqui KS, Campanaro S, Najnin T, Deshpande N, Williams TJ, Aldrich‐Wright J, Wilkins M, Curmi PMG, Cavicchioli R. Single
TRAM
domain
RNA
‐binding proteins in
A
rchaea
: functional insight from
C
tr3 from the
A
ntarctic methanogen
M
ethanococcoides burtonii. Environ Microbiol 2016; 18:2810-24. [DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.13229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Revised: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Taha
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences The University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
| | - K. S. Siddiqui
- Life Sciences Department King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals Dhahran Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - S. Campanaro
- Department of Biology University of Padua Via U. Bassi 58/B 35121 Padova Italy
| | - T. Najnin
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences The University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
| | - N. Deshpande
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences The University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
| | - T. J. Williams
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences The University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
| | - J. Aldrich‐Wright
- Nanoscale Organization and Dynamic Group School of Science and Health Western Sydney University Penrith 2560 NSW Australia
| | - M. Wilkins
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences The University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
| | - P. M. G. Curmi
- School of Physics The University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
| | - R. Cavicchioli
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences The University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
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Barbosa R, Almeida P, Safar SVB, Santos RO, Morais PB, Nielly-Thibault L, Leducq JB, Landry CR, Gonçalves P, Rosa CA, Sampaio JP. Evidence of Natural Hybridization in Brazilian Wild Lineages of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Genome Biol Evol 2016; 8:317-29. [PMID: 26782936 PMCID: PMC4779607 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evv263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The natural biology of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the best known unicellular model eukaryote, remains poorly documented and understood although recent progress has started to change this situation. Studies carried out recently in the Northern Hemisphere revealed the existence of wild populations associated with oak trees in North America, Asia, and in the Mediterranean region. However, in spite of these advances, the global distribution of natural populations of S. cerevisiae, especially in regions were oaks and other members of the Fagaceae are absent, is not well understood. Here we investigate the occurrence of S. cerevisiae in Brazil, a tropical region where oaks and other Fagaceae are absent. We report a candidate natural habitat of S. cerevisiae in South America and, using whole-genome data, we uncover new lineages that appear to have as closest relatives the wild populations found in North America and Japan. A population structure analysis revealed the penetration of the wine genotype into the wild Brazilian population, a first observation of the impact of domesticated microbe lineages on the genetic structure of wild populations. Unexpectedly, the Brazilian population shows conspicuous evidence of hybridization with an American population of Saccharomyces paradoxus. Introgressions from S. paradoxus were significantly enriched in genes encoding secondary active transmembrane transporters. We hypothesize that hybridization in tropical wild lineages may have facilitated the habitat transition accompanying the colonization of the tropical ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Barbosa
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Pedro Almeida
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Silvana V B Safar
- Departamento de Microbiologia, ICB, C.P. 486, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Renata Oliveira Santos
- Departamento de Microbiologia, ICB, C.P. 486, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Paula B Morais
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Ambiental e Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Tocantins, Palmas, TO, Brazil
| | - Lou Nielly-Thibault
- Département de Biologie, Institut de Biologie Intégrative et Des Systèmes (IBIS), Université Laval, Pavillon Charles-Eugènes-Marchand, QC, Canada
| | - Jean-Baptiste Leducq
- Département des Sciences Biologiques, Pavillon Marie-Victorin, 90 Rue Vincent D'indy-Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Christian R Landry
- Département de Biologie, Institut de Biologie Intégrative et Des Systèmes (IBIS), Université Laval, Pavillon Charles-Eugènes-Marchand, QC, Canada
| | - Paula Gonçalves
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Carlos A Rosa
- Departamento de Microbiologia, ICB, C.P. 486, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - José Paulo Sampaio
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
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Campanaro S, Treu L, Kougias PG, De Francisci D, Valle G, Angelidaki I. Metagenomic analysis and functional characterization of the biogas microbiome using high throughput shotgun sequencing and a novel binning strategy. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2016; 9:26. [PMID: 26839589 PMCID: PMC4736482 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-016-0441-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biogas production is an economically attractive technology that has gained momentum worldwide over the past years. Biogas is produced by a biologically mediated process, widely known as "anaerobic digestion." This process is performed by a specialized and complex microbial community, in which different members have distinct roles in the establishment of a collective organization. Deciphering the complex microbial community engaged in this process is interesting both for unraveling the network of bacterial interactions and for applicability potential to the derived knowledge. RESULTS In this study, we dissect the bioma involved in anaerobic digestion by means of high throughput Illumina sequencing (~51 gigabases of sequence data), disclosing nearly one million genes and extracting 106 microbial genomes by a novel strategy combining two binning processes. Microbial phylogeny and putative taxonomy performed using >400 proteins revealed that the biogas community is a trove of new species. A new approach based on functional properties as per network representation was developed to assign roles to the microbial species. The organization of the anaerobic digestion microbiome is resembled by a funnel concept, in which the microbial consortium presents a progressive functional specialization while reaching the final step of the process (i.e., methanogenesis). Key microbial genomes encoding enzymes involved in specific metabolic pathways, such as carbohydrates utilization, fatty acids degradation, amino acids fermentation, and syntrophic acetate oxidation, were identified. Additionally, the analysis identified a new uncultured archaeon that was putatively related to Methanomassiliicoccales but surprisingly having a methylotrophic methanogenic pathway. CONCLUSION This study is a pioneer research on the phylogenetic and functional characterization of the microbial community populating biogas reactors. By applying for the first time high-throughput sequencing and a novel binning strategy, the identified genes were anchored to single genomes providing a clear understanding of their metabolic pathways and highlighting their involvement in anaerobic digestion. The overall research established a reference catalog of biogas microbial genomes that will greatly simplify future genomic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Campanaro
- />Department of Biology, University of Padua, Via U. Bassi 58/b, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Laura Treu
- />Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Panagiotis G. Kougias
- />Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Davide De Francisci
- />Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Giorgio Valle
- />Department of Biology, University of Padua, Via U. Bassi 58/b, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Irini Angelidaki
- />Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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Nadai C, Treu L, Campanaro S, Giacomini A, Corich V. Different mechanisms of resistance modulate sulfite tolerance in wine yeasts. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 100:797-813. [PMID: 26615396 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-7169-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Revised: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
From a technological point of view, yeast resistance to sulfite is of great interest and represents an important technological character for winemaking. Several mechanisms are involved, and strain-dependent strategies to obtain SO2 resistance can deeply influence wine quality, although this choice is less relevant in determining the technological performance of the strain during fermentation. In this study, to better understand the strain-specific mechanisms of resistance, 11 Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains, whose genomes have been previously sequenced, were selected. Their attitude towards sulfites, in terms of resistance and production, was evaluated, and RNA-sequencing of four selected strains was performed during fermentation process in synthetic grape must in the presence of SO2. Results demonstrated that at molecular level, the physical effect of SO2 triggered multiple stress responses in the cell and high tolerance to general enological stressing condition increased SO2 resistance. Adaptation mechanism due to high basal gene expression level rather than specific gene induction in the presence of sulfite seemed to be responsible in modulating strain resistance. This mechanism involved higher basal gene expression level of specific cell wall proteins, enzymes for lipid biosynthesis, and enzymes directly involved in SO2 assimilation pathway and efflux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Nadai
- Department of Agronomy Food Natural resources Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Viale dell' Università 16, 35020, Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - Laura Treu
- Department of Agronomy Food Natural resources Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Viale dell' Università 16, 35020, Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - Stefano Campanaro
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58/b, 35121, Padova, Italy
| | - Alessio Giacomini
- Department of Agronomy Food Natural resources Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Viale dell' Università 16, 35020, Legnaro, PD, Italy. .,Interdepartmental Centre for Research in Viticulture and Enology (CIRVE), University of Padova, Via XXVIII Aprile 14, 31015, Conegliano, TV, Italy.
| | - Viviana Corich
- Department of Agronomy Food Natural resources Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Viale dell' Università 16, 35020, Legnaro, PD, Italy.,Interdepartmental Centre for Research in Viticulture and Enology (CIRVE), University of Padova, Via XXVIII Aprile 14, 31015, Conegliano, TV, Italy
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32
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Braconi D, Bernardini G, Santucci A. Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a model in ecotoxicological studies: A post-genomics perspective. J Proteomics 2015; 137:19-34. [PMID: 26365628 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2015.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Revised: 08/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae represents a well-consolidated and widely used eukaryotic model, with a number of features that make it an ideal organism to carry out functional toxicological studies. Several advantages are permitted by the use of yeast cells, as the possibility to identify molecular biomarkers, unknown mechanisms of action and novel potential targets. Thanks to the evolutionary conservation, yeast can provide also useful clues allowing the prioritization of more complex analyses and toxicity predictions in higher eukaryotes. The last two decades were incredibly fruitful for yeast "omics", but referring to the analysis of the effects of pesticides on yeast much still remains to be done. Furthermore, a deeper knowledge of the effects of environmental pollutants on biotechnological processes associated with the use of yeasts is to be hoped.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Braconi
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, via A. Moro 2, Università degli Studi di Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Giulia Bernardini
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, via A. Moro 2, Università degli Studi di Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Annalisa Santucci
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, via A. Moro 2, Università degli Studi di Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy.
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Nadai C, Campanaro S, Giacomini A, Corich V. Selection and validation of reference genes for quantitative real-time PCR studies during Saccharomyces cerevisiae alcoholic fermentation in the presence of sulfite. Int J Food Microbiol 2015; 215:49-56. [PMID: 26325600 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2015.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Sulfur dioxide is extensively used during industrial fermentations and contributes to determine the harsh conditions of winemaking together with low pH, high sugar content and increasing ethanol concentration. Therefore the presence of sulfite has to be considered in yeast gene expression studies to properly understand yeast behavior in technological environments such as winemaking. A reliable expression pattern can be obtained only using an appropriate reference gene set that is constitutively expressed regardless of perturbations linked to the experimental conditions. In this work we tested 15 candidate reference genes suitable for analysis of gene expression during must fermentation in the presence of sulfite. New reference genes were selected from a genome-wide expression experiment, obtained by RNA sequencing of four Saccharomyces cerevisiae wine strains grown in enological conditions. Their performance was compared to that of the most common genes used in previous studies. The most popular software based on different statistical approaches (geNorm, NormFinder and BestKeeper) were chosen to evaluate expression stability of the candidate reference genes. Validation was obtained using other wine strains by comparing normalized gene expression data with transcriptome quantification both in the presence and absence of sulfite. Among 15 reference genes tested ALG9, FBA1, UBC6 and PFK1 appeared to be the most reliable while ENO1, PMA1, DED1 and FAS2 were the worst. The most popular reference gene ACT1, widely used for S. cerevisiae gene expression studies, showed a stability level markedly lower than those of our selected reference genes. Finally, as the expression of the new reference gene set remained constant over the entire fermentation process, irrespective of the perturbation due to sulfite addition, our results can be considered also when no sulfite is added to the must.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Nadai
- Department of Agronomy Food Natural Resources Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, Legnaro, PD 35020, Italy
| | - Stefano Campanaro
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/b, Padova 35121, Italy
| | - Alessio Giacomini
- Department of Agronomy Food Natural Resources Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, Legnaro, PD 35020, Italy; Interdepartmental Centre for Research in Viticulture and Enology (CIRVE), University of Padova, Via XXVIII Aprile 14, Conegliano, TV 31015, Italy.
| | - Viviana Corich
- Department of Agronomy Food Natural Resources Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, Legnaro, PD 35020, Italy; Interdepartmental Centre for Research in Viticulture and Enology (CIRVE), University of Padova, Via XXVIII Aprile 14, Conegliano, TV 31015, Italy
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Powers S, DeJongh M, Best AA, Tintle NL. Cautions about the reliability of pairwise gene correlations based on expression data. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:650. [PMID: 26167162 PMCID: PMC4481165 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rapid growth in the availability of genome-wide transcript abundance levels through gene expression microarrays and RNAseq promises to provide deep biological insights into the complex, genome-wide transcriptional behavior of single-celled organisms. However, this promise has not yet been fully realized. RESULTS We find that computation of pairwise gene associations (correlation; mutual information) across a set of 2782 total genome-wide expression samples from six diverse bacteria produces unexpectedly large variation in estimates of pairwise gene association-regardless of the metric used, the organism under study, or the number and source of the samples. We pinpoint the cause to sampling bias. In particular, in repositories of expression data (e.g., Gene Expression Omnibus, GEO), many individual genes show small differences in absolute gene expression levels across the set of samples. We demonstrate that these small differences are due mainly to "noise" instead of "signal" attributable to environmental or genetic perturbations. We show that downstream analysis using gene expression levels of genes with small differences yields biased estimates of pairwise association. CONCLUSIONS We propose flagging genes with small differences in absolute, RMA-normalized, expression levels (e.g., standard deviation less than 0.5), as potentially yielding biased pairwise association metrics. This strategy has the potential to substantially improve the confidence in genome-wide conclusions about transcriptional behavior in bacterial organisms. Further work is needed to further refine strategies to identify genes with small difference in expression levels prior to computing gene-gene association metrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Powers
- Department of Statistics, Stanford University Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Matt DeJongh
- Department of Computer Science, Hope College Holland, MI, USA
| | - Aaron A Best
- Department of Biology, Hope College Holland, MI, USA
| | - Nathan L Tintle
- Department of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, Dordt College Sioux Center, IA, USA
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35
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Transcriptional response of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to low temperature during wine fermentation. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2015; 107:1029-48. [DOI: 10.1007/s10482-015-0395-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Brion C, Ambroset C, Delobel P, Sanchez I, Blondin B. Deciphering regulatory variation of THI genes in alcoholic fermentation indicate an impact of Thi3p on PDC1 expression. BMC Genomics 2014; 15:1085. [PMID: 25494835 PMCID: PMC4299793 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-1085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thiamine availability is involved in glycolytic flux and fermentation efficiency. A deficiency of this vitamin may be responsible for sluggish fermentations in wine making. Therefore, both thiamine uptake and de novo synthesis could have key roles in fermentation processes. Thiamine biosynthesis is regulated in response to thiamine availability and is coordinated by the thiamine sensor Thi3p, which activates Pdc2p and Thi2p. We used a genetic approach to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) in wine yeast and we discovered that a set of thiamine genes displayed expression-QTL on a common locus, which contains the thiamine regulator THI3. RESULTS We deciphered here the source of these regulatory variations of the THI and PDC genes. We showed that alteration of THI3 results in reduced expression of the genes involved in thiamine biosynthesis (THI11/12/13 and THI74) and increased expression of the pyruvate decarboxylase gene PDC1. Functional analysis of the allelic effect of THI3 confirmed the control of the THI and PDC1 genes. We observed, however, only a small effect of the THI3 on fermentation kinetics. We demonstrated that the expression levels of several THI genes are correlated with fermentation rate, suggesting that decarboxylation activity could drive gene expression through a modulation of thiamine content. Our data also reveals a new role of Thi3p in the regulation of the main pyruvate decarboxylase gene, PDC1. CONCLUSIONS This highlights a switch from PDC1 to PDC5 gene expression during thiamine deficiency, which may improve the thiamine affinity or conservation during the enzymatic reaction. In addition, we observed that the lab allele of THI3 and of the thiamin transporter THI7 have diverged from the original alleles, consistent with an adaptation of lab strains to rich media containing an excess of thiamine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Bruno Blondin
- INRA, UMR1083, Science pour l'Œnologie, 2 Place Viala, F-34060, Montpellier, France.
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García-Ríos E, López-Malo M, Guillamón JM. Global phenotypic and genomic comparison of two Saccharomyces cerevisiae wine strains reveals a novel role of the sulfur assimilation pathway in adaptation at low temperature fermentations. BMC Genomics 2014; 15:1059. [PMID: 25471357 PMCID: PMC4265444 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-1059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The wine industry needs better-adapted yeasts to grow at low temperature because it is interested in fermenting at low temperature to improve wine aroma. Elucidating the response to cold in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is of paramount importance for the selection or genetic improvement of wine strains. RESULTS We followed a global approach by comparing transcriptomic, proteomic and genomic changes in two commercial wine strains, which showed clear differences in their growth and fermentation capacity at low temperature. These strains were selected according to the maximum growth rate in a synthetic grape must during miniaturized batch cultures at different temperatures. The fitness differences of the selected strains were corroborated by directly competing during fermentations at optimum and low temperatures. The up-regulation of the genes of the sulfur assimilation pathway and glutathione biosynthesis suggested a crucial role in better performance at low temperature. The presence of some metabolites of these pathways, such as S-Adenosilmethionine (SAM) and glutathione, counteracted the differences in growth rate at low temperature in both strains. Generally, the proteomic and genomic changes observed in both strains also supported the importance of these metabolic pathways in adaptation at low temperature. CONCLUSIONS This work reveals a novel role of the sulfur assimilation pathway in adaptation at low temperature. We propose that a greater activation of this metabolic route enhances the synthesis of key metabolites, such as glutathione, whose protective effects can contribute to improve the fermentation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estéfani García-Ríos
- />Departamento de Biotecnología de los alimentos, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de los Alimentos (CSIC), Avda. Agustín Escardino, Po Box 73E-46100, Paterna Valencia, Spain
| | - María López-Malo
- />Departamento de Biotecnología de los alimentos, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de los Alimentos (CSIC), Avda. Agustín Escardino, Po Box 73E-46100, Paterna Valencia, Spain
- />Biotecnologia Enològica. Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Facultat de Enologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Marcel•li Domingo s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - José Manuel Guillamón
- />Departamento de Biotecnología de los alimentos, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de los Alimentos (CSIC), Avda. Agustín Escardino, Po Box 73E-46100, Paterna Valencia, Spain
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Sardu A, Treu L, Campanaro S. Transcriptome structure variability in Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains determined with a newly developed assembly software. BMC Genomics 2014; 15:1045. [PMID: 25441755 PMCID: PMC4302112 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-1045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background RNA-seq studies have an important role for both large-scale analysis of gene expression and for transcriptome reconstruction. However, the lack of software specifically developed for the analysis of the transcriptome structure in lower eukaryotes, has so far limited the comparative studies among different species and strains. Results In order to fill this gap, an innovative software called ORA (Overlapped Reads Assembler) was developed. This software allows a simple and reliable analysis of the transcriptome structure in organisms with a low number of introns. It can also determine the size and the position of the untranslated regions (UTR) and of polycistronic transcripts. As a case study, we analyzed the transcriptional landscape of six S. cerevisiae strains in two different key steps of the fermentation process. This comparative analysis revealed differences in the UTR regions of transcripts. By extending the transcriptome analysis to yeast species belonging to the Saccharomyces genus, it was possible to examine the conservation level of unknown non-coding RNAs and their putative functional role. Conclusions By comparing the results obtained using ORA with previous studies and with the transcriptome structure determined with other software, it was proven that ORA has a remarkable reliability. The results obtained from the training set made it possible to detect the presence of transcripts with variable UTRs between S. cerevisiae strains. Finally, we propose a regulatory role for some non-coding transcripts conserved within the Saccharomyces genus and localized in the antisense strand to genes involved in meiosis and cell wall biosynthesis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2164-15-1045) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Stefano Campanaro
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/b, 35131 Padova, Italy.
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Mukherjee V, Steensels J, Lievens B, Van de Voorde I, Verplaetse A, Aerts G, Willems KA, Thevelein JM, Verstrepen KJ, Ruyters S. Phenotypic evaluation of natural and industrial Saccharomyces yeasts for different traits desirable in industrial bioethanol production. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 98:9483-98. [PMID: 25267160 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-6090-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2014] [Revised: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Saccharomyces cerevisiae is the organism of choice for many food and beverage fermentations because it thrives in high-sugar and high-ethanol conditions. However, the conditions encountered in bioethanol fermentation pose specific challenges, including extremely high sugar and ethanol concentrations, high temperature, and the presence of specific toxic compounds. It is generally considered that exploring the natural biodiversity of Saccharomyces strains may be an interesting route to find superior bioethanol strains and may also improve our understanding of the challenges faced by yeast cells during bioethanol fermentation. In this study, we phenotypically evaluated a large collection of diverse Saccharomyces strains on six selective traits relevant for bioethanol production with increasing stress intensity. Our results demonstrate a remarkably large phenotypic diversity among different Saccharomyces species and among S. cerevisiae strains from different origins. Currently applied bioethanol strains showed a high tolerance to many of these relevant traits, but several other natural and industrial S. cerevisiae strains outcompeted the bioethanol strains for specific traits. These multitolerant strains performed well in fermentation experiments mimicking industrial bioethanol production. Together, our results illustrate the potential of phenotyping the natural biodiversity of yeasts to find superior industrial strains that may be used in bioethanol production or can be used as a basis for further strain improvement through genetic engineering, experimental evolution, or breeding. Additionally, our study provides a basis for new insights into the relationships between tolerance to different stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaskar Mukherjee
- Laboratory for Process Microbial Ecology and Bioinspirational Management, Cluster for Bioengineering Technology (CBeT), Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (M2S), Campus De Nayer, KU Leuven, Fortsesteenweg 30A, B-2860, Sint-Katelijne-Waver, Belgium
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Li Y, Zhang W, Zheng D, Zhou Z, Yu W, Zhang L, Feng L, Liang X, Guan W, Zhou J, Chen J, Lin Z. Genomic evolution of Saccharomyces cerevisiae under Chinese rice wine fermentation. Genome Biol Evol 2014; 6:2516-26. [PMID: 25212861 PMCID: PMC4202337 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evu201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rice wine fermentation represents a unique environment for the evolution of the budding yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. To understand how the selection pressure shaped the yeast genome and gene regulation, we determined the genome sequence and transcriptome of a S. cerevisiae strain YHJ7 isolated from Chinese rice wine (Huangjiu), a popular traditional alcoholic beverage in China. By comparing the genome of YHJ7 to the lab strain S288c, a Japanese sake strain K7, and a Chinese industrial bioethanol strain YJSH1, we identified many genomic sequence and structural variations in YHJ7, which are mainly located in subtelomeric regions, suggesting that these regions play an important role in genomic evolution between strains. In addition, our comparative transcriptome analysis between YHJ7 and S288c revealed a set of differentially expressed genes, including those involved in glucose transport (e.g., HXT2, HXT7) and oxidoredutase activity (e.g., AAD10, ADH7). Interestingly, many of these genomic and transcriptional variations are directly or indirectly associated with the adaptation of YHJ7 strain to its specific niches. Our molecular evolution analysis suggested that Japanese sake strains (K7/UC5) were derived from Chinese rice wine strains (YHJ7) at least approximately 2,300 years ago, providing the first molecular evidence elucidating the origin of Japanese sake strains. Our results depict interesting insights regarding the evolution of yeast during rice wine fermentation, and provided a valuable resource for genetic engineering to improve industrial wine-making strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudong Li
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Food Sciences and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weiping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Daoqiong Zheng
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhan Zhou
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenwen Yu
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Food Sciences and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Food Sciences and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lifang Feng
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Food Sciences and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinle Liang
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Food Sciences and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenjun Guan
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingwen Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Zhenguo Lin
- Department of Biology, Saint Louis University Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Rice University
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