1
|
Van Goethem C, Naik PV, Van de Velde M, Van Durme J, Verplaetse A, Vankelecom IFJ. Stability of Filled PDMS Pervaporation Membranes in Bio-Ethanol Recovery from a Real Fermentation Broth. Membranes (Basel) 2023; 13:863. [PMID: 37999349 PMCID: PMC10673076 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13110863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) have shown great potential in pervaporation (PV). As for many novel membrane materials however, lab-scale testing often involves synthetic feed solutions composed of mixed pure components, overlooking the possibly complex interactions and effects caused by the numerous other components in a real PV feed. This work studies the performance of MMMs with two different types of fillers, a core-shell material consisting of ZIF-8 coated on mesoporous silica and a hollow sphere of silicalite-1, in the PV of a real fermented wheat/hay straw hydrolysate broth for the production of bio-ethanol. All membranes, including a reference unfilled PDMS, show a declining permeability over time. Interestingly, the unfilled PDMS membrane maintains a stable separation factor, whereas the filled PDMS membranes rapidly lose selectivity to levels below that of the reference PDMS membrane. A membrane autopsy using XRD and SEM-EDX revealed an almost complete degradation of the crystalline ZIF-8 in the MMMs. Reference experiments with ZIF-8 nanoparticles in the fermentation broth demonstrated the influence of the broth on the ZIF-8 particles. However, the observed effects from the membrane autopsy could not exactly be replicated, likely due to distinct differences in conditions between the in-situ pervaporation process and the ex-situ reference experiments. These findings raise significant questions regarding the potential applicability of MOF-filled MMMs in real-feed pervaporation processes and, potentially, in harsh condition membrane separations in general. This study clearly confirms the importance of testing membranes in realistic conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cédric Van Goethem
- Membrane Technology Group, Centre for Membrane Separations, Adsorption, Catalysis and Spectroscopy for Sustainable Solutions (cMACS), Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Parimal V. Naik
- Membrane Technology Group, Centre for Membrane Separations, Adsorption, Catalysis and Spectroscopy for Sustainable Solutions (cMACS), Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Miet Van de Velde
- Laboratory of Enzyme, Fermentation and Brewery Technology, Cluster for Bioengineering Technology, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, KU Leuven, Gebroeders De Smetstraat 1, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jim Van Durme
- Research Group Molecular Odor Chemistry, KU Leuven Technology Campus Ghent, Gebroeders De Smetstraat 1, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Alex Verplaetse
- Laboratory of Enzyme, Fermentation and Brewery Technology, Cluster for Bioengineering Technology, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, KU Leuven, Gebroeders De Smetstraat 1, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ivo F. J. Vankelecom
- Membrane Technology Group, Centre for Membrane Separations, Adsorption, Catalysis and Spectroscopy for Sustainable Solutions (cMACS), Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
De Boeck I, van den Broek MFL, Allonsius CN, Spacova I, Wittouck S, Martens K, Wuyts S, Cauwenberghs E, Jokicevic K, Vandenheuvel D, Eilers T, Lemarcq M, De Rudder C, Thys S, Timmermans JP, Vroegop AV, Verplaetse A, Van de Wiele T, Kiekens F, Hellings PW, Vanderveken OM, Lebeer S. Lactobacilli Have a Niche in the Human Nose. Cell Rep 2021; 31:107674. [PMID: 32460009 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Although an increasing number of beneficial microbiome members are characterized for the human gut and vagina, beneficial microbes are underexplored for the human upper respiratory tract (URT). In this study, we demonstrate that taxa from the beneficial Lactobacillus genus complex are more prevalent in the healthy URT than in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). Several URT-specific isolates are cultured, characterized, and further explored for their genetic and functional properties related to adaptation to the URT. Catalase genes are found in the identified lactobacilli, which is a unique feature within this mostly facultative anaerobic genus. Moreover, one of our isolated strains, Lactobacillus casei AMBR2, contains fimbriae that enable strong adherence to URT epithelium, inhibit the growth and virulence of several URT pathogens, and successfully colonize nasal epithelium of healthy volunteers. This study thus demonstrates that specific lactobacilli are adapted to the URT and could have a beneficial keystone function in this habitat.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ilke De Boeck
- Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Marianne F L van den Broek
- Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Camille N Allonsius
- Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Irina Spacova
- Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Stijn Wittouck
- Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Katleen Martens
- Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Clinical Immunology, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sander Wuyts
- Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Eline Cauwenberghs
- Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Katarina Jokicevic
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Dieter Vandenheuvel
- Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Tom Eilers
- Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Michelle Lemarcq
- Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, KU Leuven, Gebroeders De Smetstraat 1, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Charlotte De Rudder
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sofie Thys
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Jean-Pierre Timmermans
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Anneclaire V Vroegop
- ENT, Head and Neck Surgery and Communication Disorders, Antwerp University Hospital, Wilrijkstraat 10, 2650 Edegem, Belgium
| | - Alex Verplaetse
- Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, KU Leuven, Gebroeders De Smetstraat 1, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tom Van de Wiele
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Filip Kiekens
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Peter W Hellings
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; Clinical Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Olivier M Vanderveken
- ENT, Head and Neck Surgery and Communication Disorders, Antwerp University Hospital, Wilrijkstraat 10, 2650 Edegem, Belgium; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Translational Neurosciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Sarah Lebeer
- Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Maes S, Vackier T, Nguyen Huu S, Heyndrickx M, Steenackers H, Sampers I, Raes K, Verplaetse A, De Reu K. Occurrence and characterisation of biofilms in drinking water systems of broiler houses. BMC Microbiol 2019; 19:77. [PMID: 30987581 PMCID: PMC6466764 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-019-1451-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Water quality in the drinking water system (DWS) plays an important role in the general health and performance of broiler chickens. Conditions in the DWS of broilers are ideal for microbial biofilm formation. Since pathogens might reside within these biofilms, they serve as potential source of waterborne transmission of pathogens to livestock and humans. Knowledge about the presence, importance and composition of biofilms in the DWS of broilers is largely missing. In this study, we therefore aim to monitor the occurrence, and chemically and microbiologically characterise biofilms in the DWS of five broiler farms. Results The bacterial load after disinfection in DWSs was assessed by sampling with a flocked swab followed by enumerations of total aerobic flora (TAC) and Pseudomonas spp. The dominant flora was identified and their biofilm-forming capacity was evaluated. Also, proteins, carbohydrates and uronic acids were quantified to analyse the presence of extracellular polymeric substances of biofilms. Despite disinfection of the water and the DWS, average TAC was 6.03 ± 1.53 log CFU/20cm2. Enumerations for Pseudomonas spp. were on average 0.88 log CFU/20cm2 lower. The most identified dominant species from TAC were Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Pseudomonas geniculata and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. However at species level, most of the identified microorganisms were farm specific. Almost all the isolates belonging to the three most abundant species were strong biofilm producers. Overall, 92% of all tested microorganisms were able to form biofilm under lab conditions. Furthermore, 63% of the DWS surfaces appeared to be contaminated with microorganisms combined with at least one of the analysed chemical components, which is indicative for the presence of biofilm. Conclusions Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Pseudomonas geniculata and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are considered as opportunistic pathogens and could consequently be a potential risk for animal health. Additionally, the biofilm-forming capacity of these organisms could promote attachment of other pathogens such as Campylobacter spp. and Salmonella spp. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12866-019-1451-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Maes
- Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Technology and Food Science Unit, Brusselsesteenweg 370, 9090, Melle, Belgium
| | - Thijs Vackier
- Faculty of Engineering Technology, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (M2S), Cluster for Bioengineering Technology (CBeT), Laboratory of Enzyme, Fermentation and Brewery Technology, University of Leuven, Gebroeders De Smetstraat 1, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Son Nguyen Huu
- Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Department of Industrial Biological Sciences, Ghent University Campus Kortrijk, Graaf Karel de Goedelaan 5, 8500, Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Marc Heyndrickx
- Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Technology and Food Science Unit, Brusselsesteenweg 370, 9090, Melle, Belgium.,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Poultry Diseases, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Hans Steenackers
- Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (M2S), Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics (CMPG), University of Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20 box 2460, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Imca Sampers
- Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Department of Industrial Biological Sciences, Ghent University Campus Kortrijk, Graaf Karel de Goedelaan 5, 8500, Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Katleen Raes
- Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Department of Industrial Biological Sciences, Ghent University Campus Kortrijk, Graaf Karel de Goedelaan 5, 8500, Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Alex Verplaetse
- Faculty of Engineering Technology, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (M2S), Cluster for Bioengineering Technology (CBeT), Laboratory of Enzyme, Fermentation and Brewery Technology, University of Leuven, Gebroeders De Smetstraat 1, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Koen De Reu
- Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Technology and Food Science Unit, Brusselsesteenweg 370, 9090, Melle, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Maes S, Heyndrickx M, Vackier T, Steenackers H, Verplaetse A, Reu KDE. Identification and Spoilage Potential of the Remaining Dominant Microbiota on Food Contact Surfaces after Cleaning and Disinfection in Different Food Industries. J Food Prot 2019; 82:262-275. [PMID: 30682263 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-18-226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
After cleaning and disinfection (C&D), surface contamination can still be present in the production environment of food companies. Microbiological contamination on cleaned surfaces can be transferred to the manufactured food and consequently lead to foodborne illness and early food spoilage. However, knowledge about the microbiological composition of residual contamination after C&D and the effect of this contamination on food spoilage is lacking in various food sectors. In this study, we identified the remaining dominant microbiota on food contact surfaces after C&D in seven food companies and assessed the spoilage potential of the microbiota under laboratory conditions. The dominant microbiota on surfaces contaminated at ≥102 CFU/100 cm2 after C&D was identified based on 16S rRNA sequences. The ability of these microorganisms to hydrolyze proteins, lipids, and phospholipids, ferment glucose and lactose, produce hydrogen sulfide, and degrade starch and gelatin also was evaluated. Genera that were most abundant among the dominant microbiota on food contact surfaces after C&D were Pseudomonas, Microbacterium, Stenotrophomonas, Staphylococcus, and Streptococcus. Pseudomonas spp. were identified in five of the participating food companies, and 86.8% of the isolates evaluated had spoilage potential in the laboratory tests. Microbacterium and Stenotrophomonas spp. were identified in five and six of the food companies, respectively, and all tested isolates had spoilage potential. This information will be useful for food companies in their quest to characterize surface contamination after C&D, to identify causes of microbiological food contamination and spoilage, and to determine the need for more thorough C&D.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Maes
- 1 Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Technology and Food Science Unit, Brusselsesteenweg 370, 9090 Melle, Belgium
| | - Marc Heyndrickx
- 1 Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Technology and Food Science Unit, Brusselsesteenweg 370, 9090 Melle, Belgium.,2 Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Thijs Vackier
- 3 Laboratory of Enzyme, Fermentation and Brewery Technology, Cluster for Bioengineering Technology, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, Faculty of Engineering Technology, University of Leuven, Gebroeders De Smetstraat 1, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hans Steenackers
- 4 Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, University of Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20 Box 2460, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Alex Verplaetse
- 3 Laboratory of Enzyme, Fermentation and Brewery Technology, Cluster for Bioengineering Technology, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, Faculty of Engineering Technology, University of Leuven, Gebroeders De Smetstraat 1, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Koen DE Reu
- 1 Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Technology and Food Science Unit, Brusselsesteenweg 370, 9090 Melle, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Maes S, Huu SN, Heyndrickx M, Weyenberg SV, Steenackers H, Verplaetse A, Vackier T, Sampers I, Raes K, Reu KD. Evaluation of Two Surface Sampling Methods for Microbiological and Chemical Analyses To Assess the Presence of Biofilms in Food Companies. J Food Prot 2017; 80:2022-2028. [PMID: 29140744 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-17-210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Biofilms are an important source of contamination in food companies, yet the composition of biofilms in practice is still mostly unknown. The chemical and microbiological characterization of surface samples taken after cleaning and disinfection is very important to distinguish free-living bacteria from the attached bacteria in biofilms. In this study, sampling methods that are potentially useful for both chemical and microbiological analyses of surface samples were evaluated. In the manufacturing facilities of eight Belgian food companies, surfaces were sampled after cleaning and disinfection using two sampling methods: the scraper-flocked swab method and the sponge stick method. Microbiological and chemical analyses were performed on these samples to evaluate the suitability of the sampling methods for the quantification of extracellular polymeric substance components and microorganisms originating from biofilms in these facilities. The scraper-flocked swab method was most suitable for chemical analyses of the samples because the material in these swabs did not interfere with determination of the chemical components. For microbiological enumerations, the sponge stick method was slightly but not significantly more effective than the scraper-flocked swab method. In all but one of the facilities, at least 20% of the sampled surfaces had more than 102 CFU/100 cm2. Proteins were found in 20% of the chemically analyzed surface samples, and carbohydrates and uronic acids were found in 15 and 8% of the samples, respectively. When chemical and microbiological results were combined, 17% of the sampled surfaces were contaminated with both microorganisms and at least one of the analyzed chemical components; thus, these surfaces were characterized as carrying biofilm. Overall, microbiological contamination in the food industry is highly variable by food sector and even within a facility at various sampling points and sampling times.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Maes
- 1 Technology and Food Science Unit, Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Brusselsesteenweg 370, 9090 Melle, Belgium
| | - Son Nguyen Huu
- 2 Department of Industrial Biological Sciences, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University-Kortrijk, Graaf Karel de Goedelaan 5, 8500 Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Marc Heyndrickx
- 1 Technology and Food Science Unit, Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Brusselsesteenweg 370, 9090 Melle, Belgium.,3 Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Stephanie van Weyenberg
- 1 Technology and Food Science Unit, Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Brusselsesteenweg 370, 9090 Melle, Belgium
| | - Hans Steenackers
- 4 Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, University of Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20 Box 2460, 3001 Leuven, Belgium; and
| | - Alex Verplaetse
- 5 Laboratory of Enzyme, Fermentation and Brewery Technology, Cluster for Bioengineering Technology, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, Faculty of Engineering Technology, University of Leuven, Gebroeders De Smetstraat 1, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Thijs Vackier
- 5 Laboratory of Enzyme, Fermentation and Brewery Technology, Cluster for Bioengineering Technology, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, Faculty of Engineering Technology, University of Leuven, Gebroeders De Smetstraat 1, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Imca Sampers
- 2 Department of Industrial Biological Sciences, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University-Kortrijk, Graaf Karel de Goedelaan 5, 8500 Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Katleen Raes
- 2 Department of Industrial Biological Sciences, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University-Kortrijk, Graaf Karel de Goedelaan 5, 8500 Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Koen De Reu
- 1 Technology and Food Science Unit, Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Brusselsesteenweg 370, 9090 Melle, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Soares J, Demeke MM, Van de Velde M, Foulquié-Moreno MR, Kerstens D, Sels BF, Verplaetse A, Fernandes AAR, Thevelein JM, Fernandes PMB. Fed-batch production of green coconut hydrolysates for high-gravity second-generation bioethanol fermentation with cellulosic yeast. Bioresour Technol 2017; 244:234-242. [PMID: 28779676 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.07.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The residual biomass obtained from the production of Cocos nucifera L. (coconut) is a potential source of feedstock for bioethanol production. Even though coconut hydrolysates for ethanol production have previously been obtained, high-solid loads to obtain high sugar and ethanol levels remain a challenge. We investigated the use of a fed-batch regime in the production of sugar-rich hydrolysates from the green coconut fruit and its mesocarp. Fermentation of the hydrolysates obtained from green coconut or its mesocarp, containing 8.4 and 9.7% (w/v) sugar, resulted in 3.8 and 4.3% (v/v) ethanol, respectively. However, green coconut hydrolysate showed a prolonged fermentation lag phase. The inhibitor profile suggested that fatty acids and acetic acid were the main fermentation inhibitors. Therefore, a fed-batch regime with mild alkaline pretreatment followed by saccharification, is presented as a strategy for fermentation of such challenging biomass hydrolysates, even though further improvement of yeast inhibitor tolerance is also needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jimmy Soares
- Núcleo de Biotecnologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 29040-090 Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Mekonnen M Demeke
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Botany and Microbiology, KU Leuven, Belgium; Center for Microbiology, VIB, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, B-3001 Leuven-Heverlee, Flanders, Belgium
| | - Miet Van de Velde
- Faculty of Engineering Technology, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (M(2)S), Cluster for Bioengineering Technology (CBeT), Laboratory of Enzyme, Fermentation and Brewery Technology, KU Leuven, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Maria R Foulquié-Moreno
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Botany and Microbiology, KU Leuven, Belgium; Center for Microbiology, VIB, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, B-3001 Leuven-Heverlee, Flanders, Belgium
| | - Dorien Kerstens
- Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, Kasteelpark Arenberg 23, B-3001 Leuven-Heverlee, Flanders, Belgium
| | - Bert F Sels
- Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, Kasteelpark Arenberg 23, B-3001 Leuven-Heverlee, Flanders, Belgium
| | - Alex Verplaetse
- Faculty of Engineering Technology, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (M(2)S), Cluster for Bioengineering Technology (CBeT), Laboratory of Enzyme, Fermentation and Brewery Technology, KU Leuven, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Antonio Alberto Ribeiro Fernandes
- Núcleo de Biotecnologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 29040-090 Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Johan M Thevelein
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Botany and Microbiology, KU Leuven, Belgium; Center for Microbiology, VIB, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, B-3001 Leuven-Heverlee, Flanders, Belgium
| | - Patricia Machado Bueno Fernandes
- Núcleo de Biotecnologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 29040-090 Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Soares J, Demeke MM, Foulquié-Moreno MR, Van de Velde M, Verplaetse A, Fernandes AAR, Thevelein JM, Fernandes PMB. Green coconut mesocarp pretreated by an alkaline process as raw material for bioethanol production. Bioresour Technol 2016; 216:744-753. [PMID: 27295252 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.05.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Revised: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Cocos nucifera L., coconut, is a palm of high importance in the food industry, but a considerable part of the biomass is inedible. In this study, the pretreatment and saccharification parameters NaOH solution, pretreatment duration and enzyme load were evaluated for the production of hydrolysates from green coconut mesocarp using 18% (w/v) total solids (TS). Hydrolysates were not detoxified in order to preserve sugars solubilized during the pretreatment. Reduction of enzyme load from 15 to 7.5 filter paper cellulase unit (FPU)/g of biomass has little effect on the final ethanol titer. With optimized pretreatment and saccharification, hydrolysates with more than 7% (w/v) sugars were produced in 48h. Fermentation of the hydrolysate using industrial Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains produced 3.73% (v/v) ethanol. Our results showed a simple pretreatment condition with a high-solid load of biomass followed by saccharification and fermentation of undetoxified coconut mesocarp hydrolysates to produce ethanol with high titer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jimmy Soares
- Núcleo de Biotecnologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 29040-090 Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Mekonnen M Demeke
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Botany and Microbiology, KU Leuven, Belgium; Department of Molecular Microbiology, VIB, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, B-3001 Leuven-Heverlee, Flanders, Belgium
| | - Maria R Foulquié-Moreno
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Botany and Microbiology, KU Leuven, Belgium; Department of Molecular Microbiology, VIB, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, B-3001 Leuven-Heverlee, Flanders, Belgium
| | - Miet Van de Velde
- Laboratory of Enzyme, Fermentation and Brewing Technology, KAHO Sint-Lieven University College, KU Leuven Association, Gebroeders De Smetstraat 1, 9000 Ghent, Flanders, Belgium
| | - Alex Verplaetse
- Laboratory of Enzyme, Fermentation and Brewing Technology, KAHO Sint-Lieven University College, KU Leuven Association, Gebroeders De Smetstraat 1, 9000 Ghent, Flanders, Belgium
| | - Antonio Alberto Ribeiro Fernandes
- Núcleo de Biotecnologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 29040-090 Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Johan M Thevelein
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Botany and Microbiology, KU Leuven, Belgium; Department of Molecular Microbiology, VIB, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, B-3001 Leuven-Heverlee, Flanders, Belgium
| | - Patricia Machado Bueno Fernandes
- Núcleo de Biotecnologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 29040-090 Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Snoek T, Picca Nicolino M, Van den Bremt S, Mertens S, Saels V, Verplaetse A, Steensels J, Verstrepen KJ. Large-scale robot-assisted genome shuffling yields industrial Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeasts with increased ethanol tolerance. Biotechnol Biofuels 2015; 8:32. [PMID: 25759747 PMCID: PMC4354739 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-015-0216-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND During the final phases of bioethanol fermentation, yeast cells face high ethanol concentrations. This stress results in slower or arrested fermentations and limits ethanol production. Novel Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains with superior ethanol tolerance may therefore allow increased yield and efficiency. Genome shuffling has emerged as a powerful approach to rapidly enhance complex traits including ethanol tolerance, yet previous efforts have mostly relied on a mutagenized pool of a single strain, which can potentially limit the effectiveness. Here, we explore novel robot-assisted strategies that allow to shuffle the genomes of multiple parental yeasts on an unprecedented scale. RESULTS Screening of 318 different yeasts for ethanol accumulation, sporulation efficiency, and genetic relatedness yielded eight heterothallic strains that served as parents for genome shuffling. In a first approach, the parental strains were subjected to multiple consecutive rounds of random genome shuffling with different selection methods, yielding several hybrids that showed increased ethanol tolerance. Interestingly, on average, hybrids from the first generation (F1) showed higher ethanol production than hybrids from the third generation (F3). In a second approach, we applied several successive rounds of robot-assisted targeted genome shuffling, yielding more than 3,000 targeted crosses. Hybrids selected for ethanol tolerance showed increased ethanol tolerance and production as compared to unselected hybrids, and F1 hybrids were on average superior to F3 hybrids. In total, 135 individual F1 and F3 hybrids were tested in small-scale very high gravity fermentations. Eight hybrids demonstrated superior fermentation performance over the commercial biofuel strain Ethanol Red, showing a 2 to 7% increase in maximal ethanol accumulation. In an 8-l pilot-scale test, the best-performing hybrid fermented medium containing 32% (w/v) glucose to dryness, yielding 18.7% (v/v) ethanol with a productivity of 0.90 g ethanol/l/h and a yield of 0.45 g ethanol/g glucose. CONCLUSIONS We report the use of several different large-scale genome shuffling strategies to obtain novel hybrids with increased ethanol tolerance and fermentation capacity. Several of the novel hybrids show best-parent heterosis and outperform the commonly used bioethanol strain Ethanol Red, making them interesting candidate strains for industrial production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tim Snoek
- />Laboratory for Genetics and Genomics, Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics (CMPG), KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 22, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
- />Laboratory for Systems Biology, VIB, Bio-Incubator, Gaston Geenslaan 1, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Martina Picca Nicolino
- />Laboratory for Genetics and Genomics, Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics (CMPG), KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 22, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
- />Laboratory for Systems Biology, VIB, Bio-Incubator, Gaston Geenslaan 1, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stefanie Van den Bremt
- />Laboratory of Enzyme, Fermentation and Brewing Technology, KU Leuven technologiecampus Ghent, Gebroeders De Smetstraat 1, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stijn Mertens
- />Laboratory for Genetics and Genomics, Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics (CMPG), KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 22, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
- />Laboratory for Systems Biology, VIB, Bio-Incubator, Gaston Geenslaan 1, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Veerle Saels
- />Laboratory for Genetics and Genomics, Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics (CMPG), KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 22, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
- />Laboratory for Systems Biology, VIB, Bio-Incubator, Gaston Geenslaan 1, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Alex Verplaetse
- />Laboratory of Enzyme, Fermentation and Brewing Technology, KU Leuven technologiecampus Ghent, Gebroeders De Smetstraat 1, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jan Steensels
- />Laboratory for Genetics and Genomics, Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics (CMPG), KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 22, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
- />Laboratory for Systems Biology, VIB, Bio-Incubator, Gaston Geenslaan 1, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kevin J Verstrepen
- />Laboratory for Genetics and Genomics, Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics (CMPG), KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 22, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
- />Laboratory for Systems Biology, VIB, Bio-Incubator, Gaston Geenslaan 1, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Mukherjee V, Steensels J, Lievens B, Van de Voorde I, Verplaetse A, Aerts G, Willems KA, Thevelein JM, Verstrepen KJ, Ruyters S. Phenotypic evaluation of natural and industrial Saccharomyces yeasts for different traits desirable in industrial bioethanol production. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 98:9483-98. [PMID: 25267160 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-6090-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2014] [Revised: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Saccharomyces cerevisiae is the organism of choice for many food and beverage fermentations because it thrives in high-sugar and high-ethanol conditions. However, the conditions encountered in bioethanol fermentation pose specific challenges, including extremely high sugar and ethanol concentrations, high temperature, and the presence of specific toxic compounds. It is generally considered that exploring the natural biodiversity of Saccharomyces strains may be an interesting route to find superior bioethanol strains and may also improve our understanding of the challenges faced by yeast cells during bioethanol fermentation. In this study, we phenotypically evaluated a large collection of diverse Saccharomyces strains on six selective traits relevant for bioethanol production with increasing stress intensity. Our results demonstrate a remarkably large phenotypic diversity among different Saccharomyces species and among S. cerevisiae strains from different origins. Currently applied bioethanol strains showed a high tolerance to many of these relevant traits, but several other natural and industrial S. cerevisiae strains outcompeted the bioethanol strains for specific traits. These multitolerant strains performed well in fermentation experiments mimicking industrial bioethanol production. Together, our results illustrate the potential of phenotyping the natural biodiversity of yeasts to find superior industrial strains that may be used in bioethanol production or can be used as a basis for further strain improvement through genetic engineering, experimental evolution, or breeding. Additionally, our study provides a basis for new insights into the relationships between tolerance to different stressors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vaskar Mukherjee
- Laboratory for Process Microbial Ecology and Bioinspirational Management, Cluster for Bioengineering Technology (CBeT), Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (M2S), Campus De Nayer, KU Leuven, Fortsesteenweg 30A, B-2860, Sint-Katelijne-Waver, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Demeke MM, Dietz H, Li Y, Foulquié-Moreno MR, Mutturi S, Deprez S, Den Abt T, Bonini BM, Liden G, Dumortier F, Verplaetse A, Boles E, Thevelein JM. Development of a D-xylose fermenting and inhibitor tolerant industrial Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain with high performance in lignocellulose hydrolysates using metabolic and evolutionary engineering. Biotechnol Biofuels 2013; 6:89. [PMID: 23800147 PMCID: PMC3698012 DOI: 10.1186/1754-6834-6-89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2013] [Accepted: 06/12/2013] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The production of bioethanol from lignocellulose hydrolysates requires a robust, D-xylose-fermenting and inhibitor-tolerant microorganism as catalyst. The purpose of the present work was to develop such a strain from a prime industrial yeast strain, Ethanol Red, used for bioethanol production. RESULTS An expression cassette containing 13 genes including Clostridium phytofermentans XylA, encoding D-xylose isomerase (XI), and enzymes of the pentose phosphate pathway was inserted in two copies in the genome of Ethanol Red. Subsequent EMS mutagenesis, genome shuffling and selection in D-xylose-enriched lignocellulose hydrolysate, followed by multiple rounds of evolutionary engineering in complex medium with D-xylose, gradually established efficient D-xylose fermentation. The best-performing strain, GS1.11-26, showed a maximum specific D-xylose consumption rate of 1.1 g/g DW/h in synthetic medium, with complete attenuation of 35 g/L D-xylose in about 17 h. In separate hydrolysis and fermentation of lignocellulose hydrolysates of Arundo donax (giant reed), spruce and a wheat straw/hay mixture, the maximum specific D-xylose consumption rate was 0.36, 0.23 and 1.1 g/g DW inoculum/h, and the final ethanol titer was 4.2, 3.9 and 5.8% (v/v), respectively. In simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of Arundo hydrolysate, GS1.11-26 produced 32% more ethanol than the parent strain Ethanol Red, due to efficient D-xylose utilization. The high D-xylose fermentation capacity was stable after extended growth in glucose. Cell extracts of strain GS1.11-26 displayed 17-fold higher XI activity compared to the parent strain, but overexpression of XI alone was not enough to establish D-xylose fermentation. The high D-xylose consumption rate was due to synergistic interaction between the high XI activity and one or more mutations in the genome. The GS1.11-26 had a partial respiratory defect causing a reduced aerobic growth rate. CONCLUSIONS An industrial yeast strain for bioethanol production with lignocellulose hydrolysates has been developed in the genetic background of a strain widely used for commercial bioethanol production. The strain uses glucose and D-xylose with high consumption rates and partial cofermentation in various lignocellulose hydrolysates with very high ethanol yield. The GS1.11-26 strain shows highly promising potential for further development of an all-round robust yeast strain for efficient fermentation of various lignocellulose hydrolysates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mekonnen M Demeke
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Botany and Microbiology, KU Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, VIB, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, B-3001 Leuven, Heverlee, Flanders, Belgium
| | - Heiko Dietz
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Yingying Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Botany and Microbiology, KU Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, VIB, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, B-3001 Leuven, Heverlee, Flanders, Belgium
| | - María R Foulquié-Moreno
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Botany and Microbiology, KU Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, VIB, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, B-3001 Leuven, Heverlee, Flanders, Belgium
| | - Sarma Mutturi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Sylvie Deprez
- Laboratory of Enzyme, Fermentation and Brewing Technology, KAHO Sint-Lieven University College, KU Leuven Association, Gebroeders De Smetstraat 1, 9000, Ghent, Flanders, Belgium
| | - Tom Den Abt
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Botany and Microbiology, KU Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, VIB, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, B-3001 Leuven, Heverlee, Flanders, Belgium
| | - Beatriz M Bonini
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Botany and Microbiology, KU Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, VIB, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, B-3001 Leuven, Heverlee, Flanders, Belgium
| | - Gunnar Liden
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Françoise Dumortier
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Botany and Microbiology, KU Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, VIB, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, B-3001 Leuven, Heverlee, Flanders, Belgium
| | - Alex Verplaetse
- Laboratory of Enzyme, Fermentation and Brewing Technology, KAHO Sint-Lieven University College, KU Leuven Association, Gebroeders De Smetstraat 1, 9000, Ghent, Flanders, Belgium
| | - Eckhard Boles
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Johan M Thevelein
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Botany and Microbiology, KU Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, VIB, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, B-3001 Leuven, Heverlee, Flanders, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Molly K, Demeyer D, Civera T, Verplaetse A. Lipolysis in a Belgian sausage: Relative importance of endogenous and bacterial enzymes. Meat Sci 1996; 43:235-44. [DOI: 10.1016/s0309-1740(96)00018-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/1995] [Revised: 02/14/1996] [Accepted: 02/20/1996] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|