1
|
Feng Q, Zhou J, Zhang L, Fu Y, Yang L. Insights into the molecular basis of c-di-GMP signalling in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Crit Rev Microbiol 2024; 50:20-38. [PMID: 36539391 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2022.2154140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The opportunistic human pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa can cause severe infections in immunocompromized people or cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. Because of its remarkable ability to invade the host and withstand the bacteriocidal effect of most conventional antibiotics, the infection caused by P. aeruginosa has become a major concern for human health. The switch from acute to chronic infection is governed by the second messenger bis-(3'-5')-cyclic dimeric guanosine mono-phosphate (c-di-GMP) in P. aeruginosa, and c-di-GMP is now recognized to regulate many important biological processes in pathogenesis. The c-di-GMP signalling mechanisms in P. aeruginosa have been studied extensively in the past decade, revealing complicated c-di-GMP metabolism and signalling network. In this review, the underlying mechanisms of this signalling network will be discussed, mainly focussing on how environmental cues regulate c-di-GMP signalling, protein-protein interaction mediated functional regulation, heterogeneity of c-di-GMP and cross talk between c-di-GMP signalling and other signalling systems. Understanding the molecular mechanism underlying the complex c-di-GMP signalling network would be beneficial for developing therapeutic approaches and antibacterial agents to combat the threat from P. aeruginosa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qishun Feng
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Jianuan Zhou
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, PR China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Lianhui Zhang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, PR China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Yang Fu
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Liang Yang
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhou J, Ma H, Zhang L. Mechanisms of Virulence Reprogramming in Bacterial Pathogens. Annu Rev Microbiol 2023; 77:561-581. [PMID: 37406345 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-micro-032521-025954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Bacteria are single-celled organisms that carry a comparatively small set of genetic information, typically consisting of a few thousand genes that can be selectively activated or repressed in an energy-efficient manner and transcribed to encode various biological functions in accordance with environmental changes. Research over the last few decades has uncovered various ingenious molecular mechanisms that allow bacterial pathogens to sense and respond to different environmental cues or signals to activate or suppress the expression of specific genes in order to suppress host defenses and establish infections. In the setting of infection, pathogenic bacteria have evolved various intelligent mechanisms to reprogram their virulence to adapt to environmental changes and maintain a dominant advantage over host and microbial competitors in new niches. This review summarizes the bacterial virulence programming mechanisms that enable pathogens to switch from acute to chronic infection, from local to systemic infection, and from infection to colonization. It also discusses the implications of these findings for the development of new strategies to combat bacterial infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianuan Zhou
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China;
| | - Hongmei Ma
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China;
| | - Lianhui Zhang
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China;
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chen G, Zhou J, Zuo Y, Huo W, Peng J, Li M, Zhang Y, Wang T, Zhang L, Zhang L, Liang H. Structural basis for diguanylate cyclase activation by its binding partner in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. eLife 2021; 10:67289. [PMID: 34498587 PMCID: PMC8457831 DOI: 10.7554/elife.67289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclic-di-guanosine monophosphate (c-di-GMP) is an important effector associated with acute-chronic infection transition in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Previously, we reported a signaling network SiaABCD, which regulates biofilm formation by modulating c-di-GMP level. However, the mechanism for SiaD activation by SiaC remains elusive. Here we determine the crystal structure of SiaC-SiaD-GpCpp complex and revealed a unique mirror symmetric conformation: two SiaD form a dimer with long stalk domains, while four SiaC bind to the conserved motifs on the stalks of SiaD and stabilize the conformation for further enzymatic catalysis. Furthermore, SiaD alone exhibits an inactive pentamer conformation in solution, demonstrating that SiaC activates SiaD through a dynamic mechanism of promoting the formation of active SiaD dimers. Mutagenesis assay confirmed that the stalks of SiaD are necessary for its activation. Together, we reveal a novel mechanism for DGC activation, which clarifies the regulatory networks of c-di-GMP signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gukui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Resources Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, ShaanXi, China
| | - Jiashen Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yili Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Resources Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, ShaanXi, China
| | - Weiping Huo
- Key Laboratory of Resources Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, ShaanXi, China
| | - Juan Peng
- Key Laboratory of Resources Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, ShaanXi, China
| | - Meng Li
- Key Laboratory of Resources Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, ShaanXi, China
| | - Yani Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Resources Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, ShaanXi, China
| | - Tietao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Resources Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, ShaanXi, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Haihua Liang
- Key Laboratory of Resources Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, ShaanXi, China.,School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Patterson DC, Ruiz MP, Yoon H, Walker JA, Armache JP, Yennawar NH, Weinert EE. Differential ligand-selective control of opposing enzymatic activities within a bifunctional c-di-GMP enzyme. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2100657118. [PMID: 34475207 PMCID: PMC8433548 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2100657118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclic dimeric guanosine monophosphate (c-di-GMP) serves as a second messenger that modulates bacterial cellular processes, including biofilm formation. While proteins containing both c-di-GMP synthesizing (GGDEF) and c-di-GMP hydrolyzing (EAL) domains are widely predicted in bacterial genomes, it is poorly understood how domains with opposing enzymatic activity are regulated within a single polypeptide. Herein, we report the characterization of a globin-coupled sensor protein (GCS) from Paenibacillus dendritiformis (DcpG) with bifunctional c-di-GMP enzymatic activity. DcpG contains a regulatory sensor globin domain linked to diguanylate cyclase (GGDEF) and phosphodiesterase (EAL) domains that are differentially regulated by gas binding to the heme; GGDEF domain activity is activated by the Fe(II)-NO state of the globin domain, while EAL domain activity is activated by the Fe(II)-O2 state. The in vitro activity of DcpG is mimicked in vivo by the biofilm formation of P. dendritiformis in response to gaseous environment, with nitric oxide conditions leading to the greatest amount of biofilm formation. The ability of DcpG to differentially control GGDEF and EAL domain activity in response to ligand binding is likely due to the unusual properties of the globin domain, including rapid ligand dissociation rates and high midpoint potentials. Using structural information from small-angle X-ray scattering and negative stain electron microscopy studies, we developed a structural model of DcpG, providing information about the regulatory mechanism. These studies provide information about full-length GCS protein architecture and insight into the mechanism by which a single regulatory domain can selectively control output domains with opposing enzymatic activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dayna C Patterson
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - Myrrh Perez Ruiz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - Hyerin Yoon
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | | | - Jean-Paul Armache
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
- The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - Neela H Yennawar
- The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - Emily E Weinert
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802;
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
- The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Banerjee P, Sahoo PK, Sheenu, Adhikary A, Ruhal R, Jain D. Molecular and structural facets of c-di-GMP signalling associated with biofilm formation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Mol Aspects Med 2021; 81:101001. [PMID: 34311995 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2021.101001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic human pathogen and is the primary cause of nosocomial infections. Biofilm formation by this organism results in chronic and hard to eradicate infections. The intracellular signalling molecule bis-(3'-5')-cyclic dimeric guanosine monophosphate (c-di-GMP) is a secondary messenger in bacterial cells crucial for motile to sessile transition. The signalling pathway components encompass two classes of enzymes with antagonistic activities, the diguanylate cyclases (DGCs) and phosphodiesterases (PDEs) that regulate the cellular levels of c-di-GMP at distinct stages of biofilm initiation, maturation and dispersion. This review summarizes the structural analysis and functional studies of the DGCs and PDEs involved in biofilm regulation in P. aeruginosa. In addition, we also describe the effector proteins that sense the perturbations in c-di-GMP levels to elicit a functional output. Finally, we discuss possible mechanisms that allow the dynamic levels of c-di-GMP to regulate cognate cellular response. Uncovering the details of the regulation of the c-di-GMP signalling pathway is vital for understanding the behaviour of the pathogen and characterization of novel targets for anti-biofilm interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Priyajit Banerjee
- Transcription Regulation Lab, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad, 121001, India; Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India
| | - Pankaj Kumar Sahoo
- Transcription Regulation Lab, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad, 121001, India
| | - Sheenu
- Transcription Regulation Lab, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad, 121001, India
| | - Anirban Adhikary
- Transcription Regulation Lab, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad, 121001, India
| | - Rohit Ruhal
- Transcription Regulation Lab, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad, 121001, India
| | - Deepti Jain
- Transcription Regulation Lab, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurgaon Expressway, Faridabad, 121001, India.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhao NL, Zhang QQ, Zhao C, Liu L, Li T, Li CC, He LH, Zhu YB, Song YJ, Liu HX, Bao R. Structural and molecular dynamic studies of Pseudomonas aeruginosa OdaA reveal the regulation role of a C-terminal hinge element. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2020; 1865:129756. [PMID: 33010351 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2020.129756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Crotonase superfamily members exhibit great catalytic diversity towards various acyl-CoA substrates. A common CoA moiety binding pattern is usually observed in this family, understanding the substrate-binding mechanism would facilitate the rational engineering of crotonases for improved properties. METHODS We applied X-ray crystallography to investigate a putative enoyl-CoA hydratase/isomerase OdaA in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Thermal shift assay (TSA) were performed to explore the binding of OdaA with CoA thioester substrates. Furthermore, we performed molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to elucidate the dynamics of its CoA-binding site. RESULTS We solved the crystal structures of the apo and CoA-bound OdaA. Thermal shift assay (TSA) showed that CoA thioester substrates bind to OdaA with a different degree. MD simulations demonstrated that the C-terminal alpha helix underwent a structural transition and a hinge region would associate with this conformational change. CONCLUSIONS TSA in combination with MD simulations elucidate that the dynamics of C-terminal alpha helix in CoA-binding, and a hinge region play an important role in conformational change. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Those results help to extend our knowledge about the nature of crotonases and would be informative for future mechanistic studies and industry applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ning-Lin Zhao
- Center of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu, China
| | - Qian-Qian Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Chang Zhao
- Center of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Tao Li
- Center of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu, China
| | - Chang-Cheng Li
- Center of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu, China
| | - Li-Hui He
- Center of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi-Bo Zhu
- Center of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying-Jie Song
- Center of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu, China
| | - Huan-Xiang Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Rui Bao
- Center of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ma GL, Chandra H, Liang ZX. Taming the flagellar motor of pseudomonads with a nucleotide messenger. Environ Microbiol 2020; 22:2496-2513. [PMID: 32329141 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Pseudomonads rely on the flagellar motor to rotate a polar flagellum for swimming and swarming, and to sense surfaces for initiating the motile-to-sessile transition to adopt a surface-dwelling lifestyle. Deciphering the function and regulation of the flagellar motor is of paramount importance for understanding the behaviours of environmental and pathogenic pseudomonads. Recent studies disclosed the preeminent role played by the messenger c-di-GMP in controlling the real-time performance of the flagellar motor in pseudomonads. The studies revealed that c-di-GMP controls the dynamic exchange of flagellar stator units to regulate motor torque/speed and modulates the frequency of flagellar motor switching via the chemosensory signalling pathways. Apart from being a rotary motor, the flagellar motor is emerging as a mechanosensor that transduces surface-induced mechanical signals into an increase of cellular c-di-GMP concentration to initiate the cellular programs required for long-term colonization. Collectively, the studies generate long-awaited mechanistic insights into how c-di-GMP regulates bacterial motility and the motile-to-sessile transition. The new findings also raise the fundamental questions of how cellular c-di-GMP concentrations are dynamically coupled to flagellar output and the proton-motive force, and how c-di-GMP signalling is coordinated spatiotemporally to fine-tune flagellar response and the behaviour of pseudomonads in solutions and on surfaces.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Lei Ma
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, S637551, Singapore
| | - Hartono Chandra
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, S637551, Singapore
| | - Zhao-Xun Liang
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, S637551, Singapore.,Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering (SCELSE), Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, S637551, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Chen G, Gan J, Yang C, Zuo Y, Peng J, Li M, Huo W, Xie Y, Zhang Y, Wang T, Deng X, Liang H. The SiaA/B/C/D signaling network regulates biofilm formation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. EMBO J 2020; 39:e103412. [PMID: 32090355 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2019103412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial cyclic-di-GMP (c-di-GMP) production is associated with biofilm development and the switch from acute to chronic infections. In Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the diguanylate cyclase (DGC) SiaD and phosphatase SiaA, which are co-transcribed as part of a siaABCD operon, are essential for cellular aggregation. However, the detailed functions of this operon and the relationships among its constituent genes are unknown. Here, we demonstrate that the siaABCD operon encodes for a signaling network that regulates SiaD enzymatic activity to control biofilm and aggregates formation. Through protein-protein interaction, SiaC promotes SiaD diguanylate cyclase activity. Biochemical and structural data revealed that SiaB is an unusual protein kinase that phosphorylates SiaC, whereas SiaA phosphatase can dephosphorylate SiaC. The phosphorylation state of SiaC is critical for its interaction with SiaD, which will switch on or off the DGC activity of SiaD and regulate c-di-GMP levels and subsequent virulence phenotypes. Collectively, our data provide insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the modulation of DGC activity associated with chronic infections, which may facilitate the development of antimicrobial drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gukui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Resources Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jianhua Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yili Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Resources Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Juan Peng
- Key Laboratory of Resources Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Meng Li
- Key Laboratory of Resources Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Weiping Huo
- Key Laboratory of Resources Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yingpeng Xie
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yani Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Resources Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tietao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Resources Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xin Deng
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Haihua Liang
- Key Laboratory of Resources Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Xiao Y, Liu H, He M, Nie L, Nie H, Chen W, Huang Q. A crosstalk between c-di-GMP and cAMP in regulating transcription of GcsA, a diguanylate cyclase involved in swimming motility in Pseudomonas putida. Environ Microbiol 2019; 22:142-157. [PMID: 31631503 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.14832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The ubiquitous bacterial second messenger c-di-GMP is synthesized by diguanylate cyclase (DGC) and degraded by phosphodiesterase (PDE). Pseudomonas putida has dozens of DGC/PDE-encoding genes in its genome, but the phenotypical-genotypical correlation and transcriptional regulation of these genes are largely unknown. Herein, we characterize function and transcriptional regulation of a P. putida c-di-GMP-metabolizing enzyme, GcsA. GcsA consists of two per-ARNT-sim (PAS) domains, followed by a canonical conserved central sequence pattern (GGDEF) domain and a truncated EAL domain. In vitro analysis confirmed the DGC activity of GcsA. The phenotypic observation revealed that GcsA inhibited swimming motility in an FlgZ-dependent manner. In terms of transcriptional regulation, gcsA was found to be cooperatively regulated by c-di-GMP and cAMP via their effectors, FleQ and Crp respectively. The transcription of gcsA was promoted by c-di-GMP and inhibited by cAMP. In vitro binding analysis revealed that FleQ indirectly regulated the transcription of gcsA, while Crp directly regulated the transcription of gcsA by binding to its promoter. Besides, an inverse relationship between the cellular c-di-GMP and cAMP levels in P. putida was confirmed. These findings provide basic knowledge regarding the function and transcriptional regulation of GcsA and demonstrate a crosstalk between c-di-GMP and cAMP in the regulation of the expression of GcsA in P. putida.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Huizhong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Meina He
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Liang Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Hailing Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Wenli Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Qiaoyun Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.,Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Barth C, Weiss MC, Roettger M, Martin WF, Unden G. Origin and phylogenetic relationships of [4Fe-4S]-containing O 2 sensors of bacteria. Environ Microbiol 2018; 20:4567-4586. [PMID: 30225854 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.14411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The advent of environmental O2 about 2.5 billion years ago forced microbes to metabolically adapt and to develop mechanisms for O2 sensing. Sensing of O2 by [4Fe-4S]2+ to [2Fe-2S]2+ cluster conversion represents an ancient mechanism that is used by FNREc (Escherichia coli), FNRBs (Bacillus subtilis), NreBSa (Staphylococcus aureus) and WhiB3Mt (Mycobacterium tuberculosis). The phylogenetic relationship of these sensors was investigated. FNREc homologues are restricted to the proteobacteria and a few representatives from other phyla. Homologues of FNRBs and NreBSa are located within the bacilli, of WhiB3 within the actinobacteria. Archaea contain no homologues. The data reveal no similarity between the FNREc , FNRBs , NreBSa and WhiB3 sensor families on the sequence and structural levels. These O2 sensor families arose independently in phyla that were already present at the time O2 appeared, their members were subsequently distributed by lateral gene transfer. The chemistry of [4Fe-4S] and [2Fe-2S] cluster formation and interconversion appears to be shared by the sensor protein families. The type of signal output is, however, family specific. The homologues of FNREc and NreBSa vary with regard to the number of Cys residues that coordinate the cluster. It is suggested that the variants derive from lateral gene transfer and gained other functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Barth
- Microbiology and Wine Research, Institute for Molecular Physiology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - M C Weiss
- Institute for Molecular Evolution, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - M Roettger
- Institute for Molecular Evolution, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - W F Martin
- Institute for Molecular Evolution, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - G Unden
- Microbiology and Wine Research, Institute for Molecular Physiology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
He J, Ruan W, Sun J, Wang F, Yan W. Functional Characterization of c-di-GMP Signaling-Related Genes in the Probiotic Lactobacillus acidophilus. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1935. [PMID: 30210464 PMCID: PMC6123363 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The bacterial second messenger cyclic diguanylate monophosphate (c-di-GMP) regulates a series of cellular functions, including biofilm formation, motility, virulence, and other processes. In this study, we confirmed the presence of several c-di-GMP related genes and evaluated their activities and functions in Lactobacillus species. Bioinformatic and biochemical analyses revealed that Lactobacillus acidophilus La-14 have an active c-di-GMP phosphodiesterase (PdeA) that may act in the metabolic cycle of c-di-GMP. A GGDEF protein (DgcA) induced two c-di-GMP-dependent phenotypes (low motility and high production of curli fimbriae) in Escherichia coli by heterologously expressed in vivo but showed no diguanylate cyclases activity in vitro while in the expression without the N-terminal transmembrane domain. The degenerated EAL-domain protein (PdeB), encoded by the last gene in the gts operon, serve as a c-di-GMP receptor which may be associated with exopolysaccharide (EPS) synthesis in L. acidophilus. Heterologously expressed GtsA and GtsB, encoded by the gts operon, stimulated EPS and biofilm formation in E. coli BL21. Constitutive expression in L. acidophilus revealed that a high concentration of intracellular DgcA levels increased EPS production in L. acidophilus and enhanced the co-aggregation ability with E. coli MG1655, which may be beneficial to the probiotic properties of Lactobacillus species. Our study imply that the c-di-GMP metabolism-related genes, in L. acidophilus, work jointly to regulate its functions in EPS formation and co-aggregation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui He
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Stomatology, The Affiliated Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital of the South Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wenhao Ruan
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jieli Sun
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenjuan Yan
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Francis VI, Stevenson EC, Porter SL. Two-component systems required for virulence in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2018; 364:3828290. [PMID: 28510688 PMCID: PMC5812489 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnx104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a versatile opportunistic pathogen capable of infecting a broad range of hosts, in addition to thriving in a broad range of environmental conditions outside of hosts. With this versatility comes the need to tightly regulate its genome to optimise its gene expression and behaviour to the prevailing conditions. Two-component systems (TCSs) comprising sensor kinases and response regulators play a major role in this regulation. This minireview discusses the growing number of TCSs that have been implicated in the virulence of P. aeruginosa, with a special focus on the emerging theme of multikinase networks, which are networks comprising multiple sensor kinases working together, sensing and integrating multiple signals to decide upon the best response. The networks covered in depth regulate processes such as the switch between acute and chronic virulence (GacS network), the Cup fimbriae (Roc network and Rcs/Pvr network), the aminoarabinose modification of lipopolysaccharide (a network involving the PhoQP and PmrBA TCSs), twitching motility and virulence (a network formed from the Chp chemosensory pathway and the FimS/AlgR TCS), and biofilm formation (Wsp chemosensory pathway). In addition, we highlight the important interfaces between these systems and secondary messenger signals such as cAMP and c-di-GMP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa I Francis
- Biosciences, Geoffrey Pope Building, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX 4QD, UK
| | - Emma C Stevenson
- Biosciences, Geoffrey Pope Building, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX 4QD, UK
| | - Steven L Porter
- Biosciences, Geoffrey Pope Building, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX 4QD, UK
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Abstract
The versatile and ubiquitous
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen causing acute and chronic infections in predisposed human subjects. Here we review recent progress in understanding
P. aeruginosa population biology and virulence, its cyclic di-GMP-mediated switches of lifestyle, and its interaction with the mammalian host as well as the role of the type III and type VI secretion systems in
P. aeruginosa infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jens Klockgether
- Molecular Pathology of Cystic Fibrosis Clinical Research Group, Clinic for Paediatric Pneumology, Allergology, and Neonatology, OE 6710, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Burkhard Tümmler
- Molecular Pathology of Cystic Fibrosis Clinical Research Group, Clinic for Paediatric Pneumology, Allergology, and Neonatology, OE 6710, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Centre for Lung Research, Hannover, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Maunders E, Welch M. Matrix exopolysaccharides; the sticky side of biofilm formation. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2017; 364:3866592. [PMID: 28605431 PMCID: PMC5812517 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnx120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The Gram-negative pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa is found ubiquitously within the environment and is recognised as an opportunistic human pathogen that commonly infects burn wounds and immunocompromised individuals, or patients suffering from the autosomal recessive disorder cystic fibrosis (CF). During chronic infection, P. aeruginosa is thought to form structured aggregates known as biofilms characterised by a self-produced matrix which encases the bacteria, protecting them from antimicrobial attack and the host immune response. In many cases, antibiotics are ineffective at eradicating P. aeruginosa from chronically infected CF airways. Cyclic-di-GMP has been identified as a key regulator of biofilm formation; however, the way in which its effector proteins elicit a change in biofilm formation remains unclear. Identifying regulators of biofilm formation is a key theme of current research and understanding the factors that activate biofilm formation may help to expose potential new drug targets that slow the onset of chronic infection. This minireview outlines the contribution made by exopolysaccharides to biofilm formation, and describes the current understanding of biofilm regulation in P. aeruginosa with a particular focus on CF airway-associated infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Martin Welch
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Hopkins Building, Cambridge CB2 1QW, UK. Tel: +44 01223 333653; E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Electron-shuttling antibiotics structure bacterial communities by modulating cellular levels of c-di-GMP. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E5236-E5245. [PMID: 28607054 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1700264114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Diverse organisms secrete redox-active antibiotics, which can be used as extracellular electron shuttles by resistant microbes. Shuttle-mediated metabolism can support survival when substrates are available not locally but rather at a distance. Such conditions arise in multicellular communities, where the formation of chemical gradients leads to resource limitation for cells at depth. In the pathogenic bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA14, antibiotics called phenazines act as oxidants to balance the intracellular redox state of cells in anoxic biofilm subzones. PA14 colony biofilms show a profound morphogenic response to phenazines resulting from electron acceptor-dependent inhibition of ECM production. This effect is reminiscent of the developmental responses of some eukaryotic systems to redox control, but for bacterial systems its mechanistic basis has not been well defined. Here, we identify the regulatory protein RmcA and show that it links redox conditions to PA14 colony morphogenesis by modulating levels of bis-(3',5')-cyclic-dimeric-guanosine (c-di-GMP), a second messenger that stimulates matrix production, in response to phenazine availability. RmcA contains four Per-Arnt-Sim (PAS) domains and domains with the potential to catalyze the synthesis and degradation of c-di-GMP. Our results suggest that phenazine production modulates RmcA activity such that the protein degrades c-di-GMP and thereby inhibits matrix production during oxidizing conditions. RmcA thus forms a mechanistic link between cellular redox sensing and community morphogenesis analogous to the functions performed by PAS-domain-containing regulatory proteins found in complex eukaryotes.
Collapse
|
16
|
Limoli DH, Whitfield GB, Kitao T, Ivey ML, Davis MR, Grahl N, Hogan DA, Rahme LG, Howell PL, O'Toole GA, Goldberg JB. Pseudomonas aeruginosa Alginate Overproduction Promotes Coexistence with Staphylococcus aureus in a Model of Cystic Fibrosis Respiratory Infection. mBio 2017; 8:e00186-17. [PMID: 28325763 PMCID: PMC5362032 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00186-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
While complex intra- and interspecies microbial community dynamics are apparent during chronic infections and likely alter patient health outcomes, our understanding of these interactions is currently limited. For example, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus are often found to coinfect the lungs of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF), yet these organisms compete under laboratory conditions. Recent observations that coinfection correlates with decreased health outcomes necessitate we develop a greater understanding of these interbacterial interactions. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that P. aeruginosa and/or S. aureus adopts phenotypes that allow coexistence during infection. We compared competitive interactions of P. aeruginosa and S. aureus isolates from mono- or coinfected CF patients employing in vitro coculture models. P. aeruginosa isolates from monoinfected patients were more competitive toward S. aureus than P. aeruginosa isolates from coinfected patients. We also observed that the least competitive P. aeruginosa isolates possessed a mucoid phenotype. Mucoidy occurs upon constitutive activation of the sigma factor AlgT/U, which regulates synthesis of the polysaccharide alginate and dozens of other secreted factors, including some previously described to kill S. aureus Here, we show that production of alginate in mucoid strains is sufficient to inhibit anti-S. aureus activity independent of activation of the AlgT regulon. Alginate reduces production of siderophores, 2-heptyl-4-hydroxyquinolone-N-oxide (HQNO), and rhamnolipids-each required for efficient killing of S. aureus These studies demonstrate alginate overproduction may be an important factor driving P. aeruginosa coinfection with S. aureusIMPORTANCE Numerous deep-sequencing studies have revealed the microbial communities present during respiratory infections in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients are diverse, complex, and dynamic. We now face the challenge of determining the influence of these community dynamics on patient health outcomes and identifying candidate targets to modulate these interactions. We make progress toward this goal by determining that the polysaccharide alginate produced by mucoid strains of P. aeruginosa is sufficient to inhibit multiple secreted antimicrobial agents produced by this organism. Importantly, these secreted factors are required to outcompete S. aureus, when the microbes are grown in coculture; thus we propose a mechanism whereby mucoid P. aeruginosa can coexist with S. aureus Finally, the approach used here can serve as a platform to investigate the interactions among other CF pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dominique H Limoli
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | | | - Tomoe Kitao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Shriners Hospitals for Children Boston, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Melissa L Ivey
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Michael R Davis
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Nora Grahl
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Deborah A Hogan
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Laurence G Rahme
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Shriners Hospitals for Children Boston, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - P Lynne Howell
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - George A O'Toole
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Joanna B Goldberg
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| |
Collapse
|