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Feng R, Li Z, Qi Z. China's anthropogenic N 2O emissions with analysis of economic costs and social benefits from reductions in 2022. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 353:120234. [PMID: 38308993 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
We assess China's overall anthropogenic N2O emissions via the official guidebook published by Chinese government. Results show that China's overall anthropogenic N2O emissions in 2022 were around 1593.1 (1508.7-1680.7) GgN, about 47.0 %, 27.0 %, 13.4 %, 4.9 %, and 7.7 % of which were caused by agriculture, industry, energy utilization, wastewater, and indirect sources, respectively. Maximum reduction rate for N2O emissions from agriculture, industry, energy utilization, wastewater, and indirect sources can achieve 69 %, 99 %, 79 %, 86 %, and 48 %, respectively, in 2022. However, given current global scenarios with a rapidly changing population and geopolitical and energy tension, the emission reduction may not be fully fulfilled. Without compromising yields, China's theoretical minimum anthropogenic N2O emissions would be 600.6 (568.8-633.6) GgN. In terms of the economic costs for reducing one kg of N2O-N emissions, the price ranged from €12.9 to €81.1 for agriculture, from €0.08 to €0.16 for industry, and from €104.8 to €1571.5 for energy utilization. We acknowledge the emission reduction rates may not be completely realistic for large-scale application in China. The social benefits gained from reducing one kg of N2O-N emissions in China was about €5.2, indicating anthropogenic N2O emissions caused a loss 0.03 % of China's GDP, but only justifying reduction in industrial N2O emissions from the economic perspective. We perceive that the present monetized values will be trustworthy for at least three to five years, but later the numerical monetized values need to be considered in inflation and other currency-dependent conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Feng
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.
| | - Zhenhua Li
- Xiacheng District Study-Aid Science & Technology Studio, Hangzhou, 310004, China
| | - Zhuangzhou Qi
- School of Economics and Management, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.
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2
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Li H, Tang Y, Gao W, Pan W, Jiang C, Lee X, Cheng J. Response of soil N 2O production pathways to biochar amendment and its isotope discrimination methods. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 350:141002. [PMID: 38145843 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.141002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Reducing nitrous oxide (N2O) emission from farmland is crucial for alleviating global warming since agriculture is an important contributor of atmospheric N2O. Returning biochar to agricultural fields is an important measure to mitigate soil N2O emissions. Accurately quantifying the effect of biochar on the process of N2O production and its driving factors is critical for achieving N2O emission mitigation. Recently, stable isotope techniques such as isotope labeling, natural abundance, and site preference (SP) value, have been widely used to distinguish N2O production pathways. However, the different isotope methods have certain limitations in distinguishing N2O production in biochar-amended soils where it is difficult to identify the relative contribution of individual pathways for N2O production. This paper systematically reviews the pathways of soil N2O production (nitrification, nitrifier denitrification, bacterial denitrification, fungal denitrification, coupled nitrification-denitrification, dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium and abiotic processes) and their response mechanism to the addition of biochar, as well as the development history and advantages of isotopes in differentiating N2O production pathways in biochar-amended soils. Moreover, the limitations of current research methods and future research directions are proposed. These results will help resolve how biochar affects different processes that lead to soil N2O generation and provide a scientific basis for sustainable agricultural carbon sequestration and the fulfilment of carbon neutrality goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550081, Guizhou Province, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yuan Tang
- School of Public Health, the Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Weichang Gao
- Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Science, Guiyang, 550081, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Wenjie Pan
- Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Science, Guiyang, 550081, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Chaoying Jiang
- Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Science, Guiyang, 550081, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Xinqing Lee
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550081, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Jianzhong Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550081, Guizhou Province, China.
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Wang X, Xiang B, Li J, Zhang M, Frostegard A, Bakken L, Zhang X. Using adaptive and aggressive N 2O-reducing bacteria to augment digestate fertilizer for mitigating N 2O emissions from agricultural soils. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 903:166284. [PMID: 37586512 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emitted from agricultural soils destroys stratospheric ozone and contributes to global warming. A promising approach to reduce emissions is fertilizing the soil using organic wastes augmented by non-denitrifying N2O-reducing bacteria (NNRB). To realize this potential, we need a suite of NNRB strains that fulfill several criteria: efficient reduction of N2O, ability to grow in organic waste, and ability to survive in farmland soil. In this study, we enriched such organisms by sequential anaerobic batch incubations with N2O and reciprocating inoculation between the sterilized substrates of anaerobic manure digestate and soils. 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing and metagenomics analysis showed that a cluster of bacteria containing nosZ genes encoding N2O-reductase, was enriched during the incubation process. Strains of several dominant members were then isolated and characterized, and three of them were found to harbor the nosZ gene but none of the other denitrifying genes, thus qualifying as NNRB. The selected isolates were tested for their capacities to reduce N2O emissions from three different typical Chinese farmland soils. The results indicated the significant mitigation effect of these isolates, even in very acidic red soil. In conclusion, this study demonstrated a strategy to engineer the soil microbiome with promising NNRB with high adaptability to livestock manure digestate as well as different agricultural soils, which would be suitable for developing novel fertilizer for farmland application to efficiently mitigate the N2O emissions from agricultural soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, and Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, and School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Baoyu Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, and Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, and School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Ji Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, and Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, and School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Menghui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, and Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, and School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Asa Frostegard
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, N-1432 Aas, Norway
| | - Lars Bakken
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, N-1432 Aas, Norway
| | - Xiaojun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, and Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, and School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
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Feng R, Li Z. Current investigations on global N 2O emissions and reductions: Prospect and outlook. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 338:122664. [PMID: 37813141 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Global nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions merit scrutiny, because N2O is the third most important greenhouse gas for global warming and the predominant ozone-depleting substance in this century. Here we recapitulate global natural and anthropogenic N2O sources, comprehensively depict global sectoral human-induced N2O emissions by country, thoroughly survey all existing approaches for mitigating human-induced N2O emissions, preview the economic costs and social benefits from abating N2O emissions, and summarize roadblocks for achieving its emission reductions. From 1970 to 2018, the annual global anthropogenic N2O emissions increased by 64%-about 3.6 teragrams (Tg); agricultural sources primarily accounted for 78% of this increment. We find the social benefits from reducing N2O emissions override the economic costs for abatements, only except precision farming for agricultural sources and replacement by Xe for anesthetic, thus justifying the motivation for crafting policies to limit its emissions. Net zero N2O emissions cannot be achieved via applying current technologies and breeding N2O-reducing microbes is a potential method to accrue N2O sinks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Feng
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.
| | - Zhenhua Li
- Xiacheng District Study-Aid Science & Technology Studio, Hangzhou, 310004, China
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Karlowsky S, Buchen-Tschiskale C, Odasso L, Schwarz D, Well R. Sources of nitrous oxide emissions from hydroponic tomato cultivation: Evidence from stable isotope analyses. Front Microbiol 2023; 13:1080847. [PMID: 36687587 PMCID: PMC9845576 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1080847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Hydroponic vegetable cultivation is characterized by high intensity and frequent nitrogen fertilizer application, which is related to greenhouse gas emissions, especially in the form of nitrous oxide (N2O). So far, there is little knowledge about the sources of N2O emissions from hydroponic systems, with the few studies indicating that denitrification could play a major role. Methods Here, we use evidence from an experiment with tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum) grown in a hydroponic greenhouse setup to further shed light into the process of N2O production based on the N2O isotopocule method and the 15N tracing approach. Gas samples from the headspace of rock wool substrate were collected prior to and after 15N labeling at two occasions using the closed chamber method and analyzed by gas chromatography and stable isotope ratio mass spectrometry. Results The isotopocule analyses revealed that either heterotrophic bacterial denitrification (bD) or nitrifier denitrification (nD) was the major source of N2O emissions, when a typical nutrient solution with a low ammonium concentration (1-6 mg L-1) was applied. Furthermore, the isotopic shift in 15N site preference and in δ18O values indicated that approximately 80-90% of the N2O produced were already reduced to N2 by denitrifiers inside the rock wool substrate. Despite higher concentrations of ammonium present during the 15N labeling (30-60 mg L-1), results from the 15N tracing approach showed that N2O mainly originated from bD. Both, 15N label supplied in the form of ammonium and 15N label supplied in the form of nitrate, increased the 15N enrichment of N2O. This pointed to the contribution of other processes than bD. Nitrification activity was indicated by the conversion of small amounts of 15N-labeled ammonium into nitrate. Discussion/Conclusion Comparing the results from N2O isotopocule analyses and the 15N tracing approach, likely a combination of bD, nD, and coupled nitrification and denitrification (cND) was responsible for the vast part of N2O emissions observed in this study. Overall, our findings help to better understand the processes underlying N2O and N2 emissions from hydroponic tomato cultivation, and thereby facilitate the development of targeted N2O mitigation measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Karlowsky
- Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops (IGZ) e.V., Großbeeren, Germany,*Correspondence: Stefan Karlowsky, ✉
| | - Caroline Buchen-Tschiskale
- Thünen Institute of Climate-Smart Agriculture, Federal Research Institute for Rural Areas, Forestry and Fisheries, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Luca Odasso
- Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops (IGZ) e.V., Großbeeren, Germany
| | - Dietmar Schwarz
- Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops (IGZ) e.V., Großbeeren, Germany,Operation Mercy, Amman, Jordan
| | - Reinhard Well
- Thünen Institute of Climate-Smart Agriculture, Federal Research Institute for Rural Areas, Forestry and Fisheries, Braunschweig, Germany
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Lin Y, Hu HW, Gao GF, Cai Y. Editorial: Nitrogen-cycling microorganisms under global change: Response and feedback. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1166306. [PMID: 36937309 PMCID: PMC10018153 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1166306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yongxin Lin
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Subtropical Resources and Environment, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yongxin Lin
| | - Hang-Wei Hu
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Gui-Feng Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanjiang Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
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Karydogianni S, Roussis I, Mavroeidis A, Kakabouki I, Tigka E, Beslemes D, Stavropoulos P, Katsenios N, Tsiplakou E, Bilalis D. The Influence of Fertilization and Plant Density on the Dry Matter Yield and Quality of Black Mustard [ Brassica nigra (L.) Koch]: An Alternative Forage Crop. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:2683. [PMID: 36297707 PMCID: PMC9611005 DOI: 10.3390/plants11202683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Black mustard [Brassica nigra (L.) Koch] is mainly cultivated as a seed crop, and there is a lack of information on biomass quality and its potential for animal feeding. A 2-year field experiment was set up in a split-plot design with 2 main plots (plant densities: 46 and 76 plants m-2), 4 sub-plots (fertilization levels: control, compost, urea with and without urease and nitrification inhibitors) and 3 replications for each treatment. The highest dry matter yield (17.55-18.34 tn ha-1) was observed in high-density plots fertilized with urea fertilizer coated with double (nitrification and urease) inhibitors. In terms of the qualitive parameters of total above-ground biomass, the highest crude protein (CP) content was achieved in plots with low density and urea with double inhibitors. Moreover, the highest neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) contents of above-ground biomass were found under compost and urea with double inhibitors. The high ADF, NDF and relatively high CP content characterized that black mustard aerial biomass can meet the requirements of lactating animals, and therefore the production of black mustard biomass as a forage crop could be of great importance. As a conclusion, black mustard cultivated at plant densities higher than 46 plants m-2 and under inorganic fertilization, especially with urea coated with double inhibitors, could be successfully used as a novel forage crop in ruminants' diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella Karydogianni
- Laboratory of Agronomy, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Roussis
- Laboratory of Agronomy, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Antonios Mavroeidis
- Laboratory of Agronomy, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Ioanna Kakabouki
- Laboratory of Agronomy, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelia Tigka
- Institute of Industrial and Forage Crops, Hellenic Agricultural Organization Demeter, 41335 Larissa, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Beslemes
- Institute of Industrial and Forage Crops, Hellenic Agricultural Organization Demeter, 41335 Larissa, Greece
| | - Panteleimon Stavropoulos
- Laboratory of Agronomy, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Katsenios
- Department of Soil Science of Athens, Institute of Soil and Water Resources, Hellenic Agricultural Organization—Demeter, 14123 Attica, Greece
| | - Eleni Tsiplakou
- Laboratory of Nutritional Physiology and Feeding, Department of Animal Science, School of Animal Biosciences, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Bilalis
- Laboratory of Agronomy, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
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Sun H, Wu S, Feng S, Jiang C, Wang R, Xu S, Cui L, Zhuang X. Impact of influent strengths on nitrous oxide emission and its molecular mechanism in constructed wetlands treating swine wastewater. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 210:112957. [PMID: 35167854 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.112957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Constructed wetlands (CWs) can remove nitrogen (N) through plant assimilation and microbial nitrification and denitrification, while it also releases large greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (N2O) into the atmosphere. However, N2O emissions and the underlying microbial mechanisms of CWs when treating high-strength wastewater have not been systematically surveyed. Here, the effect of three influent strengths on N2O emissions in a pilot-scale CW treatment of swine wastewater was determined and the underlying microbial mechanisms were explored. The results showed that the removal rates of ammonium (NH4+) and total nitrogen (TN) increased significantly with the increasing influent strengths, however, the ratio of N2O emission/TN removal rose by 1.5 times at the same time. Quantitation of microorganisms responsible for N-cycle in the sediment indicated that the abundance of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) in high influent strengths (COD, 962.38 ± 3.05 mg/L; NH4+, 317.89 ± 4.24 mg/L) was 51.6-fold compared with that in low influent strengths (COD, 516.94 ± 4.18 mg/L; NH4+, 100.65 ± 2.65), and AOB gradually replaced ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) to dominate ammonia oxidizers. Structural equation models demonstrated that NO2- accumulations promoted the ratio of AOB/AOA, which further led to an increase in the ratio of N2O emission/TN removal. It is worth noting both the N removal rates and N2O emissions increased with the increasing influent strength. To obtain reduced N2O emissions, pretreatment technology for strength reduction should be supplemented before high-strength wastewater enters the CWs. This study may shed new light on the sustainable operation and application of CWs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haishu Sun
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shanghua Wu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shugeng Feng
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Cancan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shengjun Xu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lijuan Cui
- Institute of Wetland Research, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecological Function and Restoration, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Xuliang Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
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9
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Stuchiner ER, von Fischer JC. Using isotope pool dilution to understand how organic carbon additions affect N 2 O consumption in diverse soils. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2022; 28:4163-4179. [PMID: 35377524 PMCID: PMC9321687 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Nitrous oxide (N2 O) is a formidable greenhouse gas with a warming potential ~300× greater than CO2 . However, its emissions to the atmosphere have gone largely unchecked because the microbial and environmental controls governing N2 O emissions have proven difficult to manage. The microbial process N2 O consumption is the only know biotic pathway to remove N2 O from soil pores and therefore reduce N2 O emissions. Consequently, manipulating soils to increase N2 O consumption by organic carbon (OC) additions has steadily gained interest. However, the response of N2 O emissions to different OC additions are inconsistent, and it is unclear if lower N2 O emissions are due to increased consumption, decreased production, or both. Simplified and systematic studies are needed to evaluate the efficacy of different OC additions on N2 O consumption. We aimed to manipulate N2 O consumption by amending soils with OC compounds (succinate, acetate, propionate) more directly available to denitrifiers. We hypothesized that N2 O consumption is OC-limited and predicted these denitrifier-targeted additions would lead to enhanced N2 O consumption and increased nosZ gene abundance. We incubated diverse soils in the laboratory and performed a 15 N2 O isotope pool dilution assay to disentangle microbial N2 O emissions from consumption using laser-based spectroscopy. We found that amending soils with OC increased gross N2 O consumption in six of eight soils tested. Furthermore, three of eight soils showed Increased N2 O Consumption and Decreased N2 O Emissions (ICDE), a phenomenon we introduce in this study as an N2 O management ideal. All three ICDE soils had low soil OC content, suggesting ICDE is a response to relaxed C-limitation wherein C additions promote soil anoxia, consequently stimulating the reduction of N2 O via denitrification. We suggest, generally, OC additions to low OC soils will reduce N2 O emissions via ICDE. Future studies should prioritize methodical assessment of different, specific, OC-additions to determine which additions show ICDE in different soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily R. Stuchiner
- Graduate Degree Program in EcologyColorado State UniversityFort CollinsColoradoUSA
- Department of BiologyColorado State UniversityFort CollinsColoradoUSA
| | - Joseph C. von Fischer
- Graduate Degree Program in EcologyColorado State UniversityFort CollinsColoradoUSA
- Department of BiologyColorado State UniversityFort CollinsColoradoUSA
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Pacheco PJ, Cabrera JJ, Jiménez-Leiva A, Bedmar EJ, Mesa S, Tortosa G, Delgado MJ. Effect of Copper on Expression of Functional Genes and Proteins Associated with Bradyrhizobium diazoefficiens Denitrification. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063386. [PMID: 35328804 PMCID: PMC8951191 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrous oxide (N2O) is a powerful greenhouse gas that contributes to climate change. Denitrification is one of the largest sources of N2O in soils. The soybean endosymbiont Bradyrhizobium diazoefficiens is a model for rhizobial denitrification studies since, in addition to fixing N2, it has the ability to grow anaerobically under free-living conditions by reducing nitrate from the medium through the complete denitrification pathway. This bacterium contains a periplasmic nitrate reductase (Nap), a copper (Cu)-containing nitrite reductase (NirK), a c-type nitric oxide reductase (cNor), and a Cu-dependent nitrous oxide reductase (Nos) encoded by the napEDABC, nirK, norCBQD and nosRZDFYLX genes, respectively. In this work, an integrated study of the role of Cu in B. diazoefficiens denitrification has been performed. A notable reduction in nirK, nor, and nos gene expression observed under Cu limitation was correlated with a significant decrease in NirK, NorC and NosZ protein levels and activities. Meanwhile, nap expression was not affected by Cu, but a remarkable depletion in Nap activity was found, presumably due to an inhibitory effect of nitrite accumulated under Cu-limiting conditions. Interestingly, a post-transcriptional regulation by increasing Nap and NirK activities, as well as NorC and NosZ protein levels, was observed in response to high Cu. Our results demonstrate, for the first time, the role of Cu in transcriptional and post-transcriptional control of B. diazoefficiens denitrification. Thus, this study will contribute by proposing useful strategies for reducing N2O emissions from agricultural soils.
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11
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Wang H, Oertelt L, Dittert K. The addition of magnesium sulfate and borax to urea reduced soil NH 3 emissions but increased N 2O emissions from soil with grass. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 803:149902. [PMID: 34482144 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) use efficiency can be increased by the addition of substances to urea. Magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) and boron were considered as plant nutrients, while zeolite was used as soil conditioner. The addition of these substances may affect soil NH3 and N2O emissions, by increasing N use efficiency. We conducted an 30 days incubation experiment with ryegrass using fertilizer treatments (12 g N m-2) as follows: urea (U); urea + MgSO4 (UM); urea + MgSO4 + borax (UMB); zeolite + urea + MgSO4 (Z-UM); and zeolite + urea + MgSO4 + borax (Z-UMB). We measured NH3 and N2O emissions and the aboveground N uptake of ryegrass. Cumulative NH3 emissions of UM, UMB, Z-UM and Z-UMB were 10%, 53%, 21% and 58% lower than U, respectively, while their N2O emissions were 32%, 133%, 43% and 72% higher than U, respectively. Aboveground N uptake of UM, UMB, Z-UM and Z-UMB were 9%, 6%, 12% and 13% higher than U, respectively. Overall, we suggest that the addition of MgSO4 and borax were effective in reducing NH3 emissions and potentially increase plant N uptake. However, the risk of higher denitrification and N2O emissions also needs to be considered. This study reveals the considerable effect of MgSO4 and borax in soil N cycles. Future research should evaluate how the application of urea + MgSO4 + borax effects gaseous emissions and crop yield of dicotyledons and in drier soil conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Wang
- Department of Crop Science, Section of Plant Nutrition and Crop Physiology, University of Göttingen, Carl-Sprengel-Weg 1, 37075 Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Lukas Oertelt
- Department of Crop Science, Section of Plant Nutrition and Crop Physiology, University of Göttingen, Carl-Sprengel-Weg 1, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Klaus Dittert
- Department of Crop Science, Section of Plant Nutrition and Crop Physiology, University of Göttingen, Carl-Sprengel-Weg 1, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
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12
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Frostegård Å, Vick SHW, Lim NYN, Bakken LR, Shapleigh JP. Linking meta-omics to the kinetics of denitrification intermediates reveals pH-dependent causes of N 2O emissions and nitrite accumulation in soil. THE ISME JOURNAL 2022; 16:26-37. [PMID: 34211102 PMCID: PMC8692524 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-021-01045-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Soil pH is a key controller of denitrification. We analysed the metagenomics/transcriptomics and phenomics of two soils from a long-term liming experiment, SoilN (pH 6.8) and un-limed SoilA (pH 3.8). SoilA had severely delayed N2O reduction despite early transcription of nosZ (mainly clade I), encoding N2O reductase, by diverse denitrifiers. This shows that post-transcriptionally hampered maturation of the NosZ apo-protein at low pH is a generic phenomenon. Identification of transcript reads of several accessory genes in the nos cluster indicated that enzymes for NosZ maturation were present across a range of organisms, eliminating their absence as an explanation for the failure to produce a functional enzyme. nir transcript abundances (for NO2- reductase) in SoilA suggest that low NO2- concentrations in acidic soils, often ascribed to abiotic degradation, are primarily due to biological activity. The accumulation of NO2- in neutral soil was ascribed to high nar expression (nitrate reductase). The -omics results revealed dominance of nirK over nirS in both soils while qPCR showed the opposite, demonstrating that standard primer pairs only capture a fraction of the nirK pool. qnor encoding NO reductase was strongly expressed in SoilA, implying an important role in controlling NO. Production of HONO, for which some studies claim higher, others lower, emissions from NO2- accumulating soil, was estimated to be ten times higher from SoilA than from SoilN. The study extends our understanding of denitrification-driven gas emissions and the diversity of bacteria involved and demonstrates that gene and transcript quantifications cannot always reliably predict community phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Åsa Frostegård
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway.
| | - Silas H W Vick
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Natalie Y N Lim
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Lars R Bakken
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
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13
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Liang Z, Elsgaard L. Nitrous oxide fluxes from long-term limed soils following P and glucose addition: Nonlinear response to liming rates and interaction from added P. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 797:148933. [PMID: 34298361 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Liming of acidic soils to regulate pH for crop growth may decrease emissions of nitrous oxide (N2O) due to direct effects of pH on the synthesis of N2O reductases by denitrifying bacteria. However, liming also changes general pH-dependent soil properties, including availability of phosphorus (P), with a feedback on N2O fluxes that remains largely unknown. Here we used a mesocosm approach to study the combined role of liming and P in regulating N2O fluxes from denitrification in an arable coarse sandy soil where N2O emissions under field condition coincided with rainfall events and irrigation, which facilitated anoxia. Soils from three long-term liming treatments (0, 4, and 12 Mg ha-1) with resulting pH(CaCl2) of 3.6, 4.7 and 6.3 were incubated at original bulk density first at 60% water filled pore space (WFPS) and successively at 75% WFPS with added nitrate, inorganic P (0 and 10 μg P g-1 soil) and glucose as labile carbon. N2O fluxes were measured during 28 days and were supplemented with measurements of CO2 fluxes, microbial biomass, potential denitrification, and acid phosphatase activity. The results showed a nonlinear response of N2O fluxes to liming rates, with highest fluxes at the intermediate liming level (4 Mg ha-1). Furthermore, inorganic P stimulated N2O fluxes only at the intermediate liming level. Assays of potential denitrification indicated that the N2O/(N2O + N2) product ratio decreased consistently with increasing liming rates, but total N2O fluxes responded nonlinearly likely due to combined effects on N2O/(N2O + N2) product ratios and total denitrification rates. The results suggest that liming and P addition interact on microbial properties and N2O emissions from acidic arable soils and may not follow linear trends. This makes it uncertain to predict and model the resulting net effect, which may depend on the actual pH range and P availability from the unlimed to the limed treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Liang
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, 8830 Tjele, Denmark; iCLIMATE, Aarhus University Interdisciplinary Centre for Climate Change, Blichers Allé 20, 8830 Tjele, Denmark.
| | - Lars Elsgaard
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, 8830 Tjele, Denmark; iCLIMATE, Aarhus University Interdisciplinary Centre for Climate Change, Blichers Allé 20, 8830 Tjele, Denmark
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14
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Sixteen Genome Sequences of Denitrifying Bacteria Assembled from Enriched Cultures of Anaerobic Pig Manure Digestate. Microbiol Resour Announc 2021; 10:e0078221. [PMID: 34591671 PMCID: PMC8483710 DOI: 10.1128/mra.00782-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We report 16 genomes assembled from the metagenome of pig manure digestate enriched with the addition of N2O. These denitrifying bacterial genomes all contain the nosZ gene, encoding N2O reductase. Their sizes range from 1,902,599 bp to 6,264,563 bp, with completeness of 75.03% to 98.89%, GC contents of 32.86% to 69.66%, and contamination of 0% to 8.4%.
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15
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Mitigating N 2O emissions from agricultural soils with fungivorous mites. ISME JOURNAL 2021; 15:2427-2439. [PMID: 33664432 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-021-00948-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Nitrous oxide (N2O) is an important greenhouse gas and an ozone-depleting substance. Due to the long persistence of N2O in the atmosphere, the mitigation of anthropogenic N2O emissions, which are mainly derived from microbial N2O-producing processes, including nitrification and denitrification by bacteria, archaea, and fungi, in agricultural soils, is urgently necessary. Members of mesofauna affect microbial processes by consuming microbial biomass in soil. However, how microbial consumption affects N2O emissions is largely unknown. Here, we report the significant role of fungivorous mites, the major mesofaunal group in agricultural soils, in regulating N2O production by fungi, and the results can be applied to the mitigation of N2O emissions. We found that the application of coconut husks, which is the low-value part of coconut and is commonly employed as a soil conditioner in agriculture, to soil can supply a favorable habitat for fungivorous mites due to its porous structure and thereby increase the mite abundance in agricultural fields. Because mites rapidly consume fungal N2O producers in soil, the increase in mite abundance substantially decreases the N2O emissions from soil. Our findings might provide new insight into the mechanisms of soil N2O emissions and broaden the options for the mitigation of N2O emissions.
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16
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Gao Y, Mania D, Mousavi SA, Lycus P, Arntzen MØ, Woliy K, Lindström K, Shapleigh JP, Bakken LR, Frostegård Å. Competition for electrons favours N 2 O reduction in denitrifying Bradyrhizobium isolates. Environ Microbiol 2021; 23:2244-2259. [PMID: 33463871 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Bradyrhizobia are common members of soil microbiomes and known as N2 -fixing symbionts of economically important legumes. Many are also denitrifiers, which can act as sinks or sources for N2 O. Inoculation with compatible rhizobia is often needed for optimal N2 -fixation, but the choice of inoculant may have consequences for N2 O emission. Here, we determined the phylogeny and denitrification capacity of Bradyrhizobium strains, most of them isolated from peanut-nodules. Analyses of genomes and denitrification end-points showed that all were denitrifiers, but only ~1/3 could reduce N2 O. The N2 O-reducing isolates had strong preference for N2 O- over NO3 - -reduction. Such preference was also observed in a study of other bradyrhizobia and tentatively ascribed to competition between the electron pathways to Nap (periplasmic NO3 - reductase) and Nos (N2 O reductase). Another possible explanation is lower abundance of Nap than Nos. Here, proteomics revealed that Nap was instead more abundant than Nos, supporting the hypothesis that the electron pathway to Nos outcompetes that to Nap. In contrast, Paracoccus denitrificans, which has membrane-bond NO3 - reductase (Nar), reduced N2 O and NO3 - simultaneously. We propose that the control at the metabolic level, favouring N2 O reduction over NO3 - reduction, applies also to other denitrifiers carrying Nos and Nap but lacking Nar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Gao
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Aas, Norway
| | - Daniel Mania
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Aas, Norway
| | - Seyed Abdollah Mousavi
- Ecosystems and Environment Research programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, and Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science (HELSUS), University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pawel Lycus
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Aas, Norway
| | - Magnus Ø Arntzen
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Aas, Norway
| | - Kedir Woliy
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Aas, Norway
| | - Kristina Lindström
- Ecosystems and Environment Research programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, and Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science (HELSUS), University of Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Lars R Bakken
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Aas, Norway
| | - Åsa Frostegård
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Aas, Norway
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17
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Martínez-Espinosa RM. Microorganisms and Their Metabolic Capabilities in the Context of the Biogeochemical Nitrogen Cycle at Extreme Environments. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21124228. [PMID: 32545812 PMCID: PMC7349289 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Extreme microorganisms (extremophile) are organisms that inhabit environments characterized by inhospitable parameters for most live beings (extreme temperatures and pH values, high or low ionic strength, pressure, or scarcity of nutrients). To grow optimally under these conditions, extremophiles have evolved molecular adaptations affecting their physiology, metabolism, cell signaling, etc. Due to their peculiarities in terms of physiology and metabolism, they have become good models for (i) understanding the limits of life on Earth, (ii) exploring the possible existence of extraterrestrial life (Astrobiology), or (iii) to look for potential applications in biotechnology. Recent research has revealed that extremophilic microbes play key roles in all biogeochemical cycles on Earth. Nitrogen cycle (N-cycle) is one of the most important biogeochemical cycles in nature; thanks to it, nitrogen is converted into multiple chemical forms, which circulate among atmospheric, terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. This review summarizes recent knowledge on the role of extreme microorganisms in the N-cycle in extremophilic ecosystems, with special emphasis on members of the Archaea domain. Potential implications of these microbes in global warming and nitrogen balance, as well as their biotechnological applications are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa María Martínez-Espinosa
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Division, Agrochemistry and Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Alicante, Ap. 99, E-03080 Alicante, Spain; ; Tel.: +34-965903400 (ext. 1258)
- Multidisciplinary Institute for Environmental Studies “Ramón Margalef”, University of Alicante, Ap. 99, E-03080 Alicante, Spain
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18
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Wang H, Köbke S, Dittert K. Use of urease and nitrification inhibitors to reduce gaseous nitrogen emissions from fertilizers containing ammonium nitrate and urea. Glob Ecol Conserv 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2020.e00933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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19
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A Review of Ongoing Advancements in Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) for Nitrous Oxide (N2o) Modeling. ATMOSPHERE 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos11050450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Crops can uptake only a fraction of nitrogen from nitrogenous fertilizer, while losing the remainder through volatilization, leaching, immobilization and emissions from soils. The emissions of nitrogen in the form of nitrous oxide (N2O) have a strong potency for global warming and depletion of stratospheric ozone. N2O gets released due to nitrification and denitrification processes, which are aided by different environmental, management and soil variables. In recent years, researchers have focused on understanding and simulating the N2O emission processes from agricultural farms and/or watersheds by using process-based models like Daily CENTURY (DAYCENT), Denitrification-Decomposition (DNDC) and Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). While the former two have been predominantly used in understanding the science of N2O emission and its execution within the model structure, as visible from a multitude of research articles summarizing their strengths and limitations, the later one is relatively unexplored. The SWAT is a promising candidate for modeling N2O emission, as it includes variables and processes that are widely reported in the literature as controlling N2O fluxes from soil, including nitrification and denitrification. SWAT also includes three-dimensional lateral movement of water within the soil, like in real-world conditions, unlike the two-dimensional biogeochemical models mentioned above. This article aims to summarize the N2O emission processes, variables affecting N2O emission and recent advances in N2O emission modeling techniques in SWAT, while discussing their applications, strengths, limitations and further recommendations.
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20
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Yin C, Fan X, Yan G, Chen H, Ye M, Ni L, Peng H, Ran W, Zhao Y, Li T, Wakelin SA, Liang Y. Gross N 2O Production Process, Not Consumption, Determines the Temperature Sensitivity of Net N 2O Emission in Arable Soil Subject to Different Long-Term Fertilization Practices. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:745. [PMID: 32411109 PMCID: PMC7198778 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic amendment of agricultural soil with synthetic nitrogen fertilization and/or livestock manure has been demonstrated to enhance the feedback intensity of net N2O emission to temperature variation (i.e., temperature sensitivity, TS). Yet few studies have explored the relevance of changes in underlying gross N2O production and consumption processes toward explaining this phenomenon, in particular for the latter. Furthermore, the microbe-based mechanisms associated with the variation of N2O consumption process remain largely unexplored. To address this knowledge gap, a temperature- (15, 25, and 35°C) and moisture-controlled (50% water holding capacity) microcosm incubation experiment was established using an arable soil subject to long-term addition of synthetic fertilizer (NPK), a mixture of synthetic fertilizer with livestock manure (MNPK), or with no fertilizer treatment (CT). Over the incubation time period, the C2H2 inhibition method was adopted to monitor reaction rates of gross N2O production and consumption; the population sizes and community structures of nosZI- and nosZII-N2O reducers were analyzed using quantitative PCR (Q-PCR) and terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP). The results indicated that only NPK significantly increased the TS of net N2O emission, and gross N2O consumption process consistently occurred under all treatment combinations (temperature and fertilization) at each sampling time point. The responses of gross N2O production and consumption processes to temperature elevation exhibited fertilization- and sampling time-dependent pattern, and the higher net N2O production TS in the NPK treatment was underlain by its higher TS of gross production process and insensitivity of gross consumption process to temperature. The size and structure of nosZII-N2O reducers, as well as the community structure of nosZI-N2O reducers, were positively correlated with variation of gross N2O production and consumption rates across all fertilization regimes. NosZII-N2O reducer abundance was less responsive to temperature change, and its community structure less susceptible to fertilization, as compared with nosZI-N2O reducers. Overall, our results demonstrate that the TS of the gross N2O production process, not gross consumption, is the key step regulating the TS of net N2O production, and both nosZI- and nosZII-N2O clades are likely active N2O reducers in the tested soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Yin
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoping Fan
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guochao Yan
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mujun Ye
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liang Ni
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongyun Peng
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Ran
- College of Resources & Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuhua Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tingqiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Steven A Wakelin
- New Zealand Forest Research Institute Limited (Scion), Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Yongchao Liang
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental & Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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21
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Chee-Sanford JC, Connor L, Krichels A, Yang WH, Sanford RA. Hierarchical detection of diverse Clade II (atypical) nosZ genes using new primer sets for classical- and multiplex PCR array applications. J Microbiol Methods 2020; 172:105908. [PMID: 32234512 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2020.105908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The reduction of nitrous oxide (N2O) to N2 represents the key terminal step in canonical denitrification. Nitrous oxide reductase (NosZ), the enzyme associated with this biological step, however, is not always affiliated with denitrifying microorganisms. Such organisms were shown recently to possess a Clade II (atypical) nosZ gene, in contrast to Clade I (typical) nosZ harbored in more commonly studied denitrifiers. Subsequent phylogenetic analyses have shown that Clade II NosZ are affiliated with a much broader diversity of microorganisms than those with Clade I NosZ, the former including both non-denitrifiers and denitrifiers. Most studies attempting to characterize the nosZ gene diversity using DNA-based PCR approaches have only focused on Clade I nosZ, despite recent metagenomic sequencing studies that have demonstrated the dominance of Clade II nosZ genes in many ecosystems, particularly soil. As a result, these studies have greatly underestimated the genetic potential for N2O reduction present in ecosystems. Because the high diversity of Clade II NosZ makes it impossible to design a universal primer set that would effectively amplify all nosZ genes in this clade, we developed a suite of primer sets to specifically target seven of ten designated subclades of Clade II nosZ genes. The new primer sets yield suitable product sizes for paired end amplicon sequencing and qPCR, demonstrated here in their use for both conventional single-reaction and multiplex array platforms. In addition, we show the utility of these primers for detecting nosZ gene transcripts from mRNA extracted from soil.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alexander Krichels
- Program in Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Wendy H Yang
- Program in Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA; Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA; Department of Geology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Robert A Sanford
- Department of Geology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
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22
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Prosser JI, Hink L, Gubry-Rangin C, Nicol GW. Nitrous oxide production by ammonia oxidizers: Physiological diversity, niche differentiation and potential mitigation strategies. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2020; 26:103-118. [PMID: 31638306 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Oxidation of ammonia to nitrite by bacteria and archaea is responsible for global emissions of nitrous oxide directly and indirectly through provision of nitrite and, after further oxidation, nitrate to denitrifiers. Their contributions to increasing N2 O emissions are greatest in terrestrial environments, due to the dramatic and continuing increases in use of ammonia-based fertilizers, which have been driven by requirement for increased food production, but which also provide a source of energy for ammonia oxidizers (AO), leading to an imbalance in the terrestrial nitrogen cycle. Direct N2 O production by AO results from several metabolic processes, sometimes combined with abiotic reactions. Physiological characteristics, including mechanisms for N2 O production, vary within and between ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) and bacteria (AOB) and comammox bacteria and N2 O yield of AOB is higher than in the other two groups. There is also strong evidence for niche differentiation between AOA and AOB with respect to environmental conditions in natural and engineered environments. In particular, AOA are favored by low soil pH and AOA and AOB are, respectively, favored by low rates of ammonium supply, equivalent to application of slow-release fertilizer, or high rates of supply, equivalent to addition of high concentrations of inorganic ammonium or urea. These differences between AOA and AOB provide the potential for better fertilization strategies that could both increase fertilizer use efficiency and reduce N2 O emissions from agricultural soils. This article reviews research on the biochemistry, physiology and ecology of AO and discusses the consequences for AO communities subjected to different agricultural practices and the ways in which this knowledge, coupled with improved methods for characterizing communities, might lead to improved fertilizer use efficiency and mitigation of N2 O emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- James I Prosser
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Linda Hink
- Institute of Microbiology, Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Graeme W Nicol
- Laboratoire Ampère, École Centrale de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
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23
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Rex D, Clough TJ, Richards KG, Condron LM, de Klein CAM, Morales SE, Lanigan GJ. Impact of nitrogen compounds on fungal and bacterial contributions to codenitrification in a pasture soil. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13371. [PMID: 31527802 PMCID: PMC6746759 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49989-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Ruminant urine patches on grazed grassland are a significant source of agricultural nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions. Of the many biotic and abiotic N2O production mechanisms initiated following urine-urea deposition, codenitrification resulting in the formation of hybrid N2O, is one of the least understood. Codenitrification forms hybrid N2O via biotic N-nitrosation, co-metabolising organic and inorganic N compounds (N substrates) to produce N2O. The objective of this study was to assess the relative significance of different N substrates on codenitrification and to determine the contributions of fungi and bacteria to codenitrification. 15N-labelled ammonium, hydroxylamine (NH2OH) and two amino acids (phenylalanine or glycine) were applied, separately, to sieved soil mesocosms eight days after a simulated urine event, in the absence or presence of bacterial and fungal inhibitors. Soil chemical variables and N2O fluxes were monitored and the codenitrified N2O fluxes determined. Fungal inhibition decreased N2O fluxes by ca. 40% for both amino acid treatments, while bacterial inhibition only decreased the N2O flux of the glycine treatment, by 14%. Hydroxylamine (NH2OH) generated the highest N2O fluxes which declined with either fungal or bacterial inhibition alone, while combined inhibition resulted in a 60% decrease in the N2O flux. All the N substrates examined participated to some extent in codenitrification. Trends for codenitrification under the NH2OH substrate treatment followed those of total N2O fluxes (85.7% of total N2O flux). Codenitrification fluxes under non-NH2OH substrate treatments (0.7-1.2% of total N2O flux) were two orders of magnitude lower, and significant decreases in these treatments only occurred with fungal inhibition in the amino acid substrate treatments. These results demonstrate that in situ studies are required to better understand the dynamics of codenitrification substrates in grazed pasture soils and the associated role that fungi have with respect to codenitrification.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Rex
- Department of Soil and Physical Sciences, Lincoln University, Lincoln, New Zealand. .,Teagasc, Environmental Research Centre, Johnstown Castle, Wexford, Ireland.
| | - Timothy J Clough
- Department of Soil and Physical Sciences, Lincoln University, Lincoln, New Zealand
| | - Karl G Richards
- Teagasc, Environmental Research Centre, Johnstown Castle, Wexford, Ireland
| | - Leo M Condron
- Department of Soil and Physical Sciences, Lincoln University, Lincoln, New Zealand
| | | | - Sergio E Morales
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Gary J Lanigan
- Teagasc, Environmental Research Centre, Johnstown Castle, Wexford, Ireland
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24
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Cavicchioli R, Ripple WJ, Timmis KN, Azam F, Bakken LR, Baylis M, Behrenfeld MJ, Boetius A, Boyd PW, Classen AT, Crowther TW, Danovaro R, Foreman CM, Huisman J, Hutchins DA, Jansson JK, Karl DM, Koskella B, Mark Welch DB, Martiny JBH, Moran MA, Orphan VJ, Reay DS, Remais JV, Rich VI, Singh BK, Stein LY, Stewart FJ, Sullivan MB, van Oppen MJH, Weaver SC, Webb EA, Webster NS. Scientists' warning to humanity: microorganisms and climate change. Nat Rev Microbiol 2019; 17:569-586. [PMID: 31213707 PMCID: PMC7136171 DOI: 10.1038/s41579-019-0222-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 666] [Impact Index Per Article: 133.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In the Anthropocene, in which we now live, climate change is impacting most life on Earth. Microorganisms support the existence of all higher trophic life forms. To understand how humans and other life forms on Earth (including those we are yet to discover) can withstand anthropogenic climate change, it is vital to incorporate knowledge of the microbial 'unseen majority'. We must learn not just how microorganisms affect climate change (including production and consumption of greenhouse gases) but also how they will be affected by climate change and other human activities. This Consensus Statement documents the central role and global importance of microorganisms in climate change biology. It also puts humanity on notice that the impact of climate change will depend heavily on responses of microorganisms, which are essential for achieving an environmentally sustainable future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Cavicchioli
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - William J Ripple
- Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Kenneth N Timmis
- Institute of Microbiology, Technical University Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Farooq Azam
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Lars R Bakken
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Matthew Baylis
- Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Michael J Behrenfeld
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Antje Boetius
- Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Center for Marine and Polar Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany
| | - Philip W Boyd
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Aimée T Classen
- Rubenstein School of Environment and Natural Resources, and The Gund Institute for Environment, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | | | - Roberto Danovaro
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Naples, Italy
| | - Christine M Foreman
- Center for Biofilm Engineering, and Chemical and Biological Engineering Department, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA
| | - Jef Huisman
- Department of Freshwater and Marine Ecology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - David A Hutchins
- Department of Biological Sciences, Marine and Environmental Biology Section, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Janet K Jansson
- Biological Sciences Division, Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - David M Karl
- Daniel K. Inouye Center for Microbial Oceanography: Research and Education, School of Ocean and Earth Science & Technology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Britt Koskella
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | | | - Jennifer B H Martiny
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Mary Ann Moran
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Victoria J Orphan
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - David S Reay
- School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Justin V Remais
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Virginia I Rich
- Microbiology Department, and the Byrd Polar and Climate Research Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Brajesh K Singh
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, and Global Centre for Land-Based Innovation, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Lisa Y Stein
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Frank J Stewart
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Matthew B Sullivan
- Department of Microbiology, and Department of Civil, Environmental and Geodetic Engineering, and the Byrd Polar and Climate Research Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Madeleine J H van Oppen
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | - Scott C Weaver
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Eric A Webb
- Department of Biological Sciences, Marine and Environmental Biology Section, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Nicole S Webster
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, QLD, Australia
- Australian Centre for Ecogenomics, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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Hellsten S, Dalgaard T, Rankinen K, Tørseth K, Bakken L, Bechmann M, Kulmala A, Moldan F, Olofsson S, Piil K, Pira K, Turtola E. Abating N in Nordic agriculture - Policy, measures and way forward. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 236:674-686. [PMID: 30772725 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.11.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
During the past twenty years, the Nordic countries (Denmark, Sweden, Finland and Norway) have introduced a range of measures to reduce losses of nitrogen (N) to air and to aquatic environment by leaching and runoff. However, the agricultural sector is still an important N source to the environment, and projections indicate relatively small emission reductions in the coming years. The four Nordic countries have different priorities and strategies regarding agricultural N flows and mitigation measures, and therefore they are facing different challenges and barriers. In Norway farm subsidies are used to encourage measures, but these are mainly focused on phosphorus (P). In contrast, Denmark targets N and uses control regulations to reduce losses. In Sweden and Finland, both voluntary actions combined with subsidies help to mitigate both N and P. The aim of this study was to compare the present situation pertaining to agricultural N in the Nordic countries as well as to provide recommendations for policy instruments to achieve cost effective abatement of reactive N from agriculture in the Nordic countries, and to provide guidance to other countries. To further reduce N losses from agriculture, the four countries will have to continue to take different routes. In particular, some countries will need new actions if 2020 and 2030 National Emissions Ceilings Directive (NECD) targets are to be met. Many options are possible, including voluntary action, regulation, taxation and subsidies, but the difficulty is finding the right balance between these policy options for each country. The governments in the Nordic countries should put more attention to the NECD and consult with relevant stakeholders, researchers and farmer's associations on which measures to prioritize to achieve these goals on time. It is important to pick remaining low hanging fruits through use of the most cost effective mitigation measures. We suggest that N application rate and its timing should be in accordance with the crop need and carrying capacity of environmental recipients. Also, the choice of application technology can further reduce the risk of N losses into air and waters. This may require more region-specific solutions and knowledge-based support with tailored information in combination with further targeted subsidies or regulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofie Hellsten
- IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute, P.O. Box 5302, SE-400 14, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Tommy Dalgaard
- Aarhus University, Department of Agriculture, DK-8830, Tjele, Denmark
| | - Katri Rankinen
- Finnish Environment Institute, P.O. Box 140, FI-00251, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kjetil Tørseth
- NILU - Norwegian Institute for Air Research, P.O. Box 100, NO-2027, Kjeller, Norway
| | - Lars Bakken
- Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, NO-1432, Ås, Norway
| | - Marianne Bechmann
- NIBIO, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, P.O. Box 115, NO-1431, Ås, Norway
| | - Airi Kulmala
- Central Union of Agricultural Producers and Forest Owners (MTK), PO Box 510, FI-00101, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Filip Moldan
- IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute, P.O. Box 5302, SE-400 14, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Stina Olofsson
- Swedish Board of Agriculture, Department of Plant and Environment, P.O. Box 12, SE-230 53, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Kristoffer Piil
- SEGES Danish Agriculture & Food Council F.m.b.A., Agro Food Park 15, DK-8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Kajsa Pira
- Air Pollution & Climate Secretariat, Första Långgatan 18, SE-413 28, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Eila Turtola
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Tietotie 4, FI-31600, Jokioinen, Finland
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26
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Lycus P, Soriano-Laguna MJ, Kjos M, Richardson DJ, Gates AJ, Milligan DA, Frostegård Å, Bergaust L, Bakken LR. A bet-hedging strategy for denitrifying bacteria curtails their release of N 2O. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:11820-11825. [PMID: 30385636 PMCID: PMC6243289 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1805000115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
When oxygen becomes limiting, denitrifying bacteria must prepare for anaerobic respiration by synthesizing the reductases NAR (NO3- → NO2-), NIR (NO2- → NO), NOR (2NO → N2O), and NOS (N2O → N2), either en bloc or sequentially, to avoid entrapment in anoxia without energy. Minimizing the metabolic burden of this precaution is a plausible fitness trait, and we show that the model denitrifier Paracoccus denitrificans achieves this by synthesizing NOS in all cells, while only a minority synthesize NIR. Phenotypic diversification with regards to NIR is ascribed to stochastic initiation of gene transcription, which becomes autocatalytic via NO production. Observed gas kinetics suggest that such bet hedging is widespread among denitrifying bacteria. Moreover, in response to oxygenation, P. denitrificans preserves NIR in the poles of nongrowing persister cells, ready to switch to anaerobic respiration in response to sudden anoxia. Our findings add dimensions to the regulatory biology of denitrification and identify regulatory traits that decrease N2O emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawel Lycus
- Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1430 Ås, Norway
| | | | - Morten Kjos
- Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1430 Ås, Norway
| | - David John Richardson
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, NR4 7TJ Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew James Gates
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, NR4 7TJ Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Aleksanteri Milligan
- Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1430 Ås, Norway
| | - Åsa Frostegård
- Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1430 Ås, Norway
| | - Linda Bergaust
- Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1430 Ås, Norway;
| | - Lars Reier Bakken
- Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1430 Ås, Norway;
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27
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Guo L, Wang X, Diao T, Ju X, Zheng L, Zhang X, Han X. N 2O emission contributions by different pathways and associated microbial community dynamics in a typical calcareous vegetable soil. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 242:2005-2013. [PMID: 30061078 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Nitrous oxide, one of the powerful long-lived greenhouse gases, is emitted mainly through biological processes, especially from fertilized soil. It is critical to partition the contribution of different pathways to N2O emissions and the relevant characteristics of microbial communities to identify the key N2O processes. An microcosm was conducted to partition the N2O emissions from different pathways, and the changes in soil mineral nitrogen and various nitrifiers (amoA bacteria and amoA archaea) and denitrifiers (nirS, nirK, and nosZ) were also determined using qPCR and high-throughput sequencing methods. Different gas inhibitor combinations (i.e., 0.06% acetylene, pure oxygen, 0.06% acetylene in pure oxygen, and pure helium) were used to partition the N2O pathways. A 5% oxygen treatment, with and without acetylene, was also included so that the N2O emissions could be measured under lower oxygen partial pressure. Results showed that ammonia-oxidation (AO) and successive nitrifier denitrification (NiD) were the main pathways contributing to N2O emissions at the earlier period after ammonium sulfate application with the cumulative N2O emissions accounting for 30.9% and 59.2% of the total N2O emissions, respectively. The higher NiD N2O contributions occurred when the soil nitrite concentration appeared higher, especially under the lower oxygen conditions. Higher N2O emissions from AO and NiD were associated with the compositional proportion of some dominant AOB species. Denitrification contributed more N2O (63.6%-69.3%) in the later period during incubation, coinciding with the following characteristics for denitrifiers: a) lower nosZ/(nirS + nirK) ratio, b) more diversity in nirS, and c) different proportions of some dominant species in nirK. Our results demonstrated that higher AO and successive NiD were the main N2O emission pathways, suggesting that controlling the ammonium content and weakening the AO are critical in decreasing N2O emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Guo
- Key Lab for Agro-Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Xuedong Wang
- College of Resource Environment and Tourism, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Tiantian Diao
- Key Lab for Agro-Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xiaotang Ju
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Key Lab of Plant-Soil Interaction of MOE, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Lei Zheng
- Key Lab for Agro-Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China; College of Resource Environment and Tourism, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Xinyue Zhang
- Key Lab for Agro-Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xue Han
- Key Lab for Agro-Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
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28
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Otwell AE, López García de Lomana A, Gibbons SM, Orellana MV, Baliga NS. Systems biology approaches towards predictive microbial ecology. Environ Microbiol 2018; 20:4197-4209. [DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.14378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sean M. Gibbons
- Institute for Systems Biology Seattle WA USA
- eScience Institute, University of Washington Seattle WA USA
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program University of Washington Seattle WA USA
| | - Mónica V. Orellana
- Institute for Systems Biology Seattle WA USA
- Polar Science Center Applied Physics Lab, University of Washington Seattle WA
| | - Nitin S. Baliga
- Institute for Systems Biology Seattle WA USA
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program University of Washington Seattle WA USA
- Departments of Biology and Microbiology University of Washington Seattle WA USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Lab Berkeley CA USA
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29
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Lourenço KS, Cassman NA, Pijl AS, van Veen JA, Cantarella H, Kuramae EE. Nitrosospira sp. Govern Nitrous Oxide Emissions in a Tropical Soil Amended With Residues of Bioenergy Crop. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:674. [PMID: 29692763 PMCID: PMC5902487 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Organic vinasse, a residue produced during bioethanol production, increases nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions when applied with inorganic nitrogen (N) fertilizer in soil. The present study investigated the role of the ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) community on the N2O emissions in soils amended with organic vinasse (CV: concentrated and V: non-concentrated) plus inorganic N fertilizer. Soil samples and N2O emissions were evaluated at 11, 19, and 45 days after fertilizer application, and the bacterial and archaea gene (amoA) encoding the ammonia monooxygenase enzyme, bacterial denitrifier (nirK, nirS, and nosZ) genes and total bacteria were quantified by real time PCR. We also employed a deep amoA amplicon sequencing approach to evaluate the effect of treatment on the community structure and diversity of the soil AOB community. Both vinasse types applied with inorganic N application increased the total N2O emissions and the abundance of AOB. Nitrosospira sp. was the dominant AOB in the soil and was correlated with N2O emissions. However, the diversity and the community structure of AOB did not change with vinasse and inorganic N fertilizer amendment. The results highlight the importance of residues and fertilizer management in sustainable agriculture and can be used as a reference and an input tool to determine good management practices for organic fertilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Késia S Lourenço
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology, Wageningen, Netherlands.,Soils and Environmental Resources Center, Agronomic Institute of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil.,Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Noriko A Cassman
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology, Wageningen, Netherlands.,Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Agata S Pijl
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Johannes A van Veen
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology, Wageningen, Netherlands.,Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Heitor Cantarella
- Soils and Environmental Resources Center, Agronomic Institute of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Eiko E Kuramae
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology, Wageningen, Netherlands
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