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Zhou Q, Wang Y, Yue L, Ye A, Xie X, Zhang M, Tian Y, Liu Y, Turatsinze AN, Constantine U, Zhao X, Zhang Y, Wang R. Impacts of continuous cropping on the rhizospheric and endospheric microbial communities and root exudates of Astragalus mongholicus. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:340. [PMID: 38671402 PMCID: PMC11047024 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05024-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Astragalus mongholicus is a medicinal plant that is known to decrease in quality in response to continuous cropping. However, the differences in the root-associated microbiome and root exudates in the rhizosphere soil that may lead to these decreases are barely under studies. We investigated the plant biomass production, root-associated microbiota, and root exudates of A. mongholicus grown in two different fields: virgin soil (Field I) and in a long-term continuous cropping field (Field II). Virgin soil is soil that has never been cultivated for A. mongholicus. Plant physiological measurements showed reduced fresh and dry weight of A. mongholicus under continuous cropping conditions (i.e. Field II). High-throughput sequencing of the fungal and bacterial communities revealed differences in fungal diversity between samples from the two fields, including enrichment of potentially pathogenic fungi in the roots of A. mongholicus grown in Field II. Metabolomic analysis yielded 20 compounds in A. mongholicus root exudates that differed in relative abundance between rhizosphere samples from the two fields. Four of these metabolites (2-aminophenol, quinic acid, tartaric acid, and maleamate) inhibited the growth of A. mongholicus, the soil-borne pathogen Fusarium oxysporum, or both. This comprehensive analysis enhances our understanding of the A. mongholicus microbiome, root exudates, and interactions between the two in response to continuous cropping. These results offer new information for future design of effective, economical approaches to achieving food security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Zhou
- Gansu Gaolan Field Scientific Observation and Research Station for Agricultural Ecosystem, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
- Key Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Ecology in Cold and Arid Regions of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yun Wang
- Gansu Gaolan Field Scientific Observation and Research Station for Agricultural Ecosystem, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
- Key Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Ecology in Cold and Arid Regions of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Liang Yue
- Gansu Gaolan Field Scientific Observation and Research Station for Agricultural Ecosystem, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
- Key Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Ecology in Cold and Arid Regions of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Ailing Ye
- Gansu Gaolan Field Scientific Observation and Research Station for Agricultural Ecosystem, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
- Key Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Ecology in Cold and Arid Regions of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Xiaofan Xie
- Gansu Gaolan Field Scientific Observation and Research Station for Agricultural Ecosystem, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
- Key Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Ecology in Cold and Arid Regions of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Meilan Zhang
- Gansu Gaolan Field Scientific Observation and Research Station for Agricultural Ecosystem, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
- Key Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Ecology in Cold and Arid Regions of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- General Station of Gansu Cultivated Land Quality Construction and Protection, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yuan Tian
- Gansu Gaolan Field Scientific Observation and Research Station for Agricultural Ecosystem, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
- Key Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Ecology in Cold and Arid Regions of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Gansu Gaolan Field Scientific Observation and Research Station for Agricultural Ecosystem, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
- Key Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Ecology in Cold and Arid Regions of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Andéole Niyongabo Turatsinze
- Gansu Gaolan Field Scientific Observation and Research Station for Agricultural Ecosystem, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
- Key Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Ecology in Cold and Arid Regions of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Uwaremwe Constantine
- Gansu Gaolan Field Scientific Observation and Research Station for Agricultural Ecosystem, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
- Key Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Ecology in Cold and Arid Regions of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Xia Zhao
- Gansu Gaolan Field Scientific Observation and Research Station for Agricultural Ecosystem, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
- Key Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Ecology in Cold and Arid Regions of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yubao Zhang
- Gansu Gaolan Field Scientific Observation and Research Station for Agricultural Ecosystem, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Ruoyu Wang
- Gansu Gaolan Field Scientific Observation and Research Station for Agricultural Ecosystem, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, China.
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Amenta ML, Vaccaro F, Varriale S, Sangaré JR, Defez R, Mengoni A, Bianco C. Cereals can trap endophytic bacteria with potential beneficial traits when grown ex-situ in harsh soils. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2024; 100:fiae041. [PMID: 38544316 PMCID: PMC11009874 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiae041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Microbial communities associated with plants growing in harsh conditions, including salinity and water deficiency, have developed adaptive features which permit them to grow and survive under extreme environmental conditions. In the present study, an ex-situ plant trapping method has been applied to collect the culturable microbial diversity associated with the soil from harsh and remote areas. Oryza sativa cv. Baldo and Triticum durum Primadur plants were used as recruiters, while the soil surrounding the roots of Oryza glaberrima plants from remote regions of Mali (West Africa) was used as substrate for their growth. The endophytic communities recruited by the two plant species belonged to Proteobacteria and Firmicutes, and the dominant genera were Bacillus, Kosakonia, and Enterobacter. These endophytes were characterized by analyzing some of the most common plant growth promoting traits. Halotolerant, inorganic phosphate-solubilizing and N-fixing strains were found, and some of them simultaneously showing these three traits. We verified that 'Baldo' recruited mostly halotolerant and P-solubilizers endophytes, while the endophytes selected by 'Primadur' were mainly N-fixers. The applied ex-situ plant trapping method allowed to isolate endophytes with potential beneficial traits that could be applied for the improvement of rice and wheat growth under adverse environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Laura Amenta
- National Research Council, Institute of Biosciences and BioResources, via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Vaccaro
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Stefano Varriale
- National Research Council,
Institute of Biosciences and BioResources, via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Jean Rodrigue Sangaré
- Institut d'Economie Rurale (IER), Centre Régional de Recherche Agronomique (CRRA) de Sikasso, B.P: 16, Mali
| | - Roberto Defez
- National Research Council, Institute of Biosciences and BioResources, via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Alessio Mengoni
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Carmen Bianco
- National Research Council, Institute of Biosciences and BioResources, via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
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Tamang A, Kaur A, Thakur D, Thakur A, Thakur BK, Shivani, Swarnkar M, Pal PK, Hallan V, Pandey SS. Unraveling endophytic diversity in dioecious Siraitia grosvenorii: implications for mogroside production. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 108:247. [PMID: 38427084 PMCID: PMC10907472 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-024-13076-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Host and tissue-specificity of endophytes are important attributes that limit the endophyte application on multiple crops. Therefore, understanding the endophytic composition of the targeted crop is essential, especially for the dioecious plants where the male and female plants are different. Here, efforts were made to understand the endophytic bacterial composition of the dioecious Siraitia grosvenorii plant using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. The present study revealed the association of distinct endophytic bacterial communities with different parts of male and female plants. Roots of male and female plants had a higher bacterial diversity than other parts of plants, and the roots of male plants had more bacterial diversity than the roots of female plants. Endophytes belonging to the phylum Proteobacteria were abundant in all parts of male and female plants except male stems and fruit pulp, where the Firmicutes were most abundant. Class Gammaproteobacteria predominated in both male and female plants, with the genus Acinetobacter as the most dominant and part of the core microbiome of the plant (present in all parts of both, male and female plants). The presence of distinct taxa specific to male and female plants was also identified. Macrococcus, Facklamia, and Propionibacterium were the distinct genera found only in fruit pulp, the edible part of S. grosvenorii. Predictive functional analysis revealed the abundance of enzymes of secondary metabolite (especially mogroside) biosynthesis in the associated endophytic community with predominance in roots. The present study revealed bacterial endophytic communities of male and female S. grosvenorii plants that can be further explored for monk fruit cultivation, mogroside production, and early-stage identification of male and female plants. KEY POINTS: • Male and female Siraitia grosvenorii plants had distinct endophytic communities • The diversity of endophytic communities was specific to different parts of plants • S. grosvenorii-associated endophytes may be valuable for mogroside biosynthesis and monk fruit cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anish Tamang
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (IHBT), Palampur, 176061, HP, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Amanpreet Kaur
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (IHBT), Palampur, 176061, HP, India
| | - Deepali Thakur
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (IHBT), Palampur, 176061, HP, India
| | - Ankita Thakur
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (IHBT), Palampur, 176061, HP, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Babit Kumar Thakur
- Agrotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (IHBT), Palampur, 176061, HP, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Shivani
- Agrotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (IHBT), Palampur, 176061, HP, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Mohit Swarnkar
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (IHBT), Palampur, 176061, HP, India
| | - Probir K Pal
- Agrotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (IHBT), Palampur, 176061, HP, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Vipin Hallan
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (IHBT), Palampur, 176061, HP, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Shiv Shanker Pandey
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (IHBT), Palampur, 176061, HP, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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Peng M, Lin W, Zhou A, Jiang Z, Zhou F, Wang Z. High genetic diversity and different type VI secretion systems in Enterobacter species revealed by comparative genomics analysis. BMC Microbiol 2024; 24:26. [PMID: 38238664 PMCID: PMC10797944 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-03164-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The human-pathogenic Enterobacter species are widely distributed in diverse environmental conditions, however, the understanding of the virulence factors and genetic variations within the genus is very limited. In this study, we performed comparative genomics analysis of 49 strains originated from diverse niches and belonged to eight Enterobacter species, in order to further understand the mechanism of adaption to the environment in Enterobacter. The results showed that they had an open pan-genome and high genomic diversity which allowed adaptation to distinctive ecological niches. We found the number of secretion systems was the highest among various virulence factors in these Enterobacter strains. Three types of T6SS gene clusters including T6SS-A, T6SS-B and T6SS-C were detected in most Enterobacter strains. T6SS-A and T6SS-B shared 13 specific core genes, but they had different gene structures, suggesting they probably have different biological functions. Notably, T6SS-C was restricted to E. cancerogenus. We detected a T6SS gene cluster, highly similar to T6SS-C (91.2%), in the remote related Citrobacter rodenitum, suggesting that this unique gene cluster was probably acquired by horizontal gene transfer. The genomes of Enterobacter strains possess high genetic diversity, limited number of conserved core genes, and multiple copies of T6SS gene clusters with differentiated structures, suggesting that the origins of T6SS were not by duplication instead by independent acquisition. These findings provide valuable information for better understanding of the functional features of Enterobacter species and their evolutionary relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mu Peng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biological Resources Protection and Utilization, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, China.
- College of Biological and Food Engineering, College of Biological and Food Engineering, Hubei Minzu University, Hubei Minzu University, No. 39 Xueyuan Street, Enshi, 445000, China.
| | - Weiyuan Lin
- College of Biological and Food Engineering, College of Biological and Food Engineering, Hubei Minzu University, Hubei Minzu University, No. 39 Xueyuan Street, Enshi, 445000, China
| | - Aifen Zhou
- Institute for Environmental Genomics, Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
| | - Zhihui Jiang
- College of Biological and Food Engineering, College of Biological and Food Engineering, Hubei Minzu University, Hubei Minzu University, No. 39 Xueyuan Street, Enshi, 445000, China
| | - Fangzhen Zhou
- College of Biological and Food Engineering, College of Biological and Food Engineering, Hubei Minzu University, Hubei Minzu University, No. 39 Xueyuan Street, Enshi, 445000, China
| | - Zhiyong Wang
- College of Biological and Food Engineering, College of Biological and Food Engineering, Hubei Minzu University, Hubei Minzu University, No. 39 Xueyuan Street, Enshi, 445000, China.
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Abbas MM, Ismael WH, Mahfouz AY, Daigham GE, Attia MS. Efficacy of endophytic bacteria as promising inducers for enhancing the immune responses in tomato plants and managing Rhizoctonia root-rot disease. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1331. [PMID: 38225343 PMCID: PMC10789748 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-51000-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Around the world, a variety of crops, including tomatoes, suffer serious economic losses due to the Rhizoctonia root-rot disease. Herein, Bacillus velezensis, Bacillus megaterium, and Herpaspirillum huttiense isolated from strawberry (Fragaria chiloensis var. ananassa) plants were pragmatic as plant growth promotors for battling the Rhizoctonia root rot disease and bringing about defense mechanisms as well as growth promotional strategies in tomato plants. These endophytic bacteria demonstrated potent antifungal activity against R. solani in vitro along in vivo. Data explained that the isolated endophytic bacteria could produce Indole acetic acid, Gibberellic acid GA, and siderophore as well as solubilize phosphate in the soil. The consortium of (Bacillus velezensis, Bacillus megaterium, and Herpaspirillum huttiense) increased the protection % against Rhizoctonia infection by (79.4%), followed by B. velezensis by (73.52%), H. huttiense by (70.5%), and B. megaterium by (67.64%), respectively. There was an increase in soluble proteins and carbohydrates in infected plants treated with a consortium of endophytic bacteria by 30.7% and 100.2% over untreated infected plants, respectively. Applying endophytic bacteria either alone or in combination lowered the level of malondialdehyde MDA and hydrogen peroxide H2O2 and improved the activities of antioxidant enzymes in both infected and uninfected plants. Also, bacterial endophytes have distinctive reactions regarding the number and concentrations of isozymes in both infected and uninfected plants. It could be recommended the commercial usage of a mixture of targeted bacterial endophyte strains as therapeutic nutrients against Rhizoctonia root-rot disease as well as plant growth inducer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona M Abbas
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, (Girls Branch), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Walaa H Ismael
- Soil Microbiology Department, Soil, Water and Environmental Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Amira Y Mahfouz
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, (Girls Branch), Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Ghadir E Daigham
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, (Girls Branch), Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed S Attia
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
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Wang X, Wang L, You Y, Yang D, Cao Y, Wang Y, Ma F. Differential interference of copper with endophytic bacterial inoculation: Atrazine decontamination in Acorus tatarinowii and culture solution. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 337:122523. [PMID: 37683758 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
To clarify the interference effects of inorganic ions, Acorus tatarinowii and endophytic bacterium Herbaspirillum huttiense (Hh) were combined to decontaminate atrazine pollution under different copper levels. This study verified inoculation effects and revealed the complicated processes of atrazine transformation in solutions. 35.9% leaf biomass was promoted by Hh inoculation, and the value was lowered to 7.87% by high doses of copper. The changing trend of leaf N, K, and S contents, and tiller numbers were consistent with that of leaf biomass. Hh injection improved atrazine accumulation by 43.5% in roots, and under copper interference, this value lowered to 10.6%. Hh promoted atrazine deethylation in plants, which was copper-dose dependent in different plant organs. In solutions, atrazine was conjugated with small-molecule secretions at m/z 118, detoxicated into 2-hxydroatrazine and 2-hydroxy-4-acetamido-atrazine, then the triazine ring opened. Copper interference had a more significant impact on residual atrazine conversion products than Hh inoculation treatments. Hh treatment promoted the ring-opening degradation of atrazine in water. The addition of high doses of copper ions promoted the oxidative process of atrazine while inhibiting its ring-opening transformation process in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China.
| | - Yongqiang You
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Dongguang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Yuqing Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Yujiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Fang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
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Taxus associated fungal endophytes: anticancerous to other biological activities. FUNGAL BIOL REV 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbr.2023.100308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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Abdelsattar AM, Elsayed A, El-Esawi MA, Heikal YM. Enhancing Stevia rebaudiana growth and yield through exploring beneficial plant-microbe interactions and their impact on the underlying mechanisms and crop sustainability. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 198:107673. [PMID: 37030249 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Stevia rebaudiana is an important medicinal plant which represents the most important sugar substitute in many countries. Poor seed germination of this plant is a critical problem that affects the final yield and the availability of the products in the market. Continuous cropping without supplying soil nutrients is also a serious issue as it results in declining soil fertility. This review highlights the important use of beneficial bacteria for the enhancement of Stevia rebaudiana growth and its dynamic interactions in the phyllosphere, rhizosphere, and endosphere. Fertilizers can increase crop yield and preserve and improve soil fertility. There is a rising concern that prolonged usage of chemical fertilizers may have negative impacts on the ecosystem of the soil. On the other hand, soil health and fertility are improved by plant growth-promoting bacteria which could eventually increase plant growth and productivity. Accordingly, a biocompatible strategy involving beneficial microorganisms inoculation is applied to boost plant growth and reduce the negative effects of chemical fertilizers. Plants benefit extensively from endophytic bacteria, which promote growth and induce resistance to pathogens and stresses. Additionally, several plant growth-promoting bacteria are able to produce amino acids, polyamines, and hormones that can be used as alternatives to chemicals. Therefore, understanding the dynamic interactions between bacteria and Stevia can help make the favorable bacterial bio-formulations, use them more effectively, and apply them to Stevia to improve yield and quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal M Abdelsattar
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, 35516, Mansoura, Egypt.
| | - Ashraf Elsayed
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, 35516, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A El-Esawi
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, 31527, Tanta, Egypt; Photobiology Research Group, Sorbonne Université CNRS, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Yasmin M Heikal
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, 35516, Mansoura, Egypt
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Singh S, Aghdam SA, Lahowetz RM, Brown AMV. Metapangenomics of wild and cultivated banana microbiome reveals a plethora of host-associated protective functions. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOME 2023; 18:36. [PMID: 37085932 PMCID: PMC10120106 DOI: 10.1186/s40793-023-00493-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microbiomes are critical to plants, promoting growth, elevating stress tolerance, and expanding the plant's metabolic repertoire with novel defense pathways. However, generally microbiomes within plant tissues, which intimately interact with their hosts, remain poorly characterized. These endospheres have become a focus in banana (Musa spp.)-an important plant for study of microbiome-based disease protection. Banana is important to global food security, while also being critically threatened by pandemic diseases. Domestication and clonal propagation are thought to have depleted protective microbiomes, whereas wild relatives may hold promise for new microbiome-based biological controls. The goal was to compare metapangenomes enriched from 7 Musa genotypes, including wild and cultivated varieties grown in sympatry, to assess the host associations with root and leaf endosphere functional profiles. RESULTS Density gradients successfully generated culture-free microbial enrichment, dominated by bacteria, with all together 24,325 species or strains distinguished, and 1.7 million metagenomic scaffolds harboring 559,108 predicted gene clusters. About 20% of sequence reads did not match any taxon databases and ~ 62% of gene clusters could not be annotated to function. Most taxa and gene clusters were unshared between Musa genotypes. Root and corm tissues had significantly richer endosphere communities that were significantly different from leaf communities. Agrobacterium and Rhizobium were the most abundant in all samples while Chitinophagia and Actinomycetia were more abundant in roots and Flavobacteria in leaves. At the bacterial strain level, there were > 2000 taxa unique to each of M. acuminata (AAA genotype) and M. balbisiana (B-genotype), with the latter 'wild' relatives having richer taxa and functions. Gene ontology functional enrichment showed core beneficial functions aligned with those of other plants but also many specialized prospective beneficial functions not reported previously. Some gene clusters with plant-protective functions showed signatures of phylosymbiosis, suggesting long-standing associations or heritable microbiomes in Musa. CONCLUSIONS Metapangenomics revealed key taxa and protective functions that appeared to be driven by genotype, perhaps contributing to host resistance differences. The recovery of rich novel taxa and gene clusters provides a baseline dataset for future experiments in planta or in vivo bacterization or engineering of wild host endophytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simrandeep Singh
- Department of Microbiology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL USA
| | - Shiva A. Aghdam
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX USA
| | - Rachel M. Lahowetz
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | - Amanda M. V. Brown
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX USA
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Wen Z, Yao W, Han M, Xu X, Wu F, Yang M, Fazal A, Yin T, Qi J, Lu G, Yang R, Song X, Yang Y. Differential assembly of root-associated bacterial and fungal communities of a dual transgenic insect-resistant maize line at different host niches and different growth stages. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1023971. [PMID: 36246225 PMCID: PMC9557180 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1023971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Transgenic technology has been widely applied to crop development, with genetically modified (GM) maize being the world’s second-largest GM crop. Despite the fact that rhizosphere bacterial and fungal populations are critical regulators of plant performance, few studies have evaluated the influence of GM maize on these communities. Plant materials used in this study included the control maize line B73 and the mcry1Ab and mcry2Ab dual transgenic insect-resistant maize line 2A-7. The plants and soils samples were sampled at three growth stages (jointing, flowering, and maturing stages), and the sampling compartments from the outside to the inside of the root are surrounding soil (SS), rhizospheric soil (RS), and intact root (RT), respectively. In this study, the results of alpha diversity revealed that from the outside to the inside of the root, the community richness and diversity declined while community coverage increased. Morever, the different host niches of maize rhizosphere and maize development stages influenced beta diversity according to statistical analysis. The GM maize line 2A-7 had no significant influence on the composition of microbial communities when compared to B73. Compared to RS and SS, the host niche RT tended to deplete Chloroflexi, Gemmatimonadetes and Mortierellomycota at phylum level. Nitrogen-fixation bacteria Pseudomonas, Herbaspirillum huttiense, Rhizobium leguminosarum, and Sphingomonas azotifigens were found to be enriched in the niche RT in comparison to RS and SS, whilst Bacillus was found to be increased and Stenotrophomonas was found to be decreased at the maturing stage as compared to jointing and flowering stages. The nitrogen fixation protein FixH (clusters of orthologous groups, COG5456), was found to be abundant in RT. Furthermore, the pathogen fungus that causes maize stalk rot, Gaeumannomyces radicicola, was found to be abundant in RT, while the beneficial fungus Mortierella hyalina was found to be depleted in RT. Lastly, the abundance of G. radicicola gradually increased during the development of maize. In conclusion, the host niches throughout the soil-plant continuum rather than the Bt insect-resistant gene or Bt protein secretion were primarily responsible for the differential assembly of root-associated microbial communities in GM maize, which provides the theoretical basis for ecological agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongling Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Co-innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Weixuan Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mi Han
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinhong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fengci Wu
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology, Agro-Biotechnology Research Institute, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Minkai Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Co-innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Aliya Fazal
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tongming Yin
- Co-innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinliang Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Co-innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guihua Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Co-innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
- School of Life Sciences, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, China
| | - Rongwu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Rongwu Yang,
| | - Xinyuan Song
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology, Agro-Biotechnology Research Institute, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
- Xinyuan Song,
| | - Yonghua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Co-innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
- Yonghua Yang,
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Ahmad HM, Fiaz S, Hafeez S, Zahra S, Shah AN, Gul B, Aziz O, Mahmood-Ur-Rahman, Fakhar A, Rafique M, Chen Y, Yang SH, Wang X. Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria Eliminate the Effect of Drought Stress in Plants: A Review. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:875774. [PMID: 36035658 PMCID: PMC9406510 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.875774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Plants evolve diverse mechanisms to eliminate the drastic effect of biotic and abiotic stresses. Drought is the most hazardous abiotic stress causing huge losses to crop yield worldwide. Osmotic stress decreases relative water and chlorophyll content and increases the accumulation of osmolytes, epicuticular wax content, antioxidant enzymatic activities, reactive oxygen species, secondary metabolites, membrane lipid peroxidation, and abscisic acid. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) eliminate the effect of drought stress by altering root morphology, regulating the stress-responsive genes, producing phytohormones, osmolytes, siderophores, volatile organic compounds, and exopolysaccharides, and improving the 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase activities. The use of PGPR is an alternative approach to traditional breeding and biotechnology for enhancing crop productivity. Hence, that can promote drought tolerance in important agricultural crops and could be used to minimize crop losses under limited water conditions. This review deals with recent progress on the use of PGPR to eliminate the harmful effects of drought stress in traditional agriculture crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafiz Muhammad Ahmad
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Sajid Fiaz
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, The University of Haripur, Haripur, Pakistan
| | - Sumaira Hafeez
- Department of Plant Breeding and Molecular Genetics, University of Poonch, Rawalakot, Pakistan
| | - Sadaf Zahra
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Adnan Noor Shah
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan
| | - Bushra Gul
- Department of Biosciences, University of Wah, Wah, Pakistan
| | - Omar Aziz
- Department of Soil and Environmental Science, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Mahmood-Ur-Rahman
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ali Fakhar
- Department of Soil and Climate Change, The University of Haripur, Haripur, Pakistan
| | - Mazhar Rafique
- Department of Soil and Climate Change, The University of Haripur, Haripur, Pakistan
| | - Yinglong Chen
- School of Agriculture and Environment, UWA Institute of Agriculture, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Seung Hwan Yang
- Department of Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, South Korea
| | - Xiukang Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Yan’an University, Yan’an, China
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12
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Pedrolo AM, Matteoli FP, Soares CRFS, Arisi ACM. Comparative Genomics Reveal the High Conservation and Scarce Distribution of Nitrogen Fixation nif Genes in the Plant-Associated Genus Herbaspirillum. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2022:10.1007/s00248-022-02084-8. [PMID: 35932316 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-022-02084-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The genus Herbaspirillum gained the spotlight due to the several reports of diazotrophic strains and promising results in plant-growth field assays. However, as diversity exploration of Herbaspirillum species gained momentum, it became clearer that the plant beneficial lifestyle was not the only form of ecological interaction in this genus, due to reports of phytopathogenesis and nosocomial infections. Here we performed a deep search across all publicly available Herbaspirillum genomes. Using a robust core genome phylogeny, we have found that all described species are well delineated, being the only exception H. aquaticum and H. huttiense clade. We also uncovered that the nif genes are only highly prevalent in H. rubrisubalbicans; however, irrespective to the species, all nif genes share the same gene arrangement with high protein identity, and are present in only two main types, in inverted strands. By means of a NifHDKENB phylogenetic tree, we have further revealed that the Herbaspirillum nif sequences may have been acquired from the same last common ancestor belonging to the Nitrosomonadales order.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Marina Pedrolo
- CAL CCA UFSC, Food Science and Technology Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Rod. Admar Gonzaga, Florianopolis, SC, 1346, 88034-001, Brazil
| | - Filipe Pereira Matteoli
- ESALQ USP, Soil Science Department, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, 13418-900, Brazil.
| | - Cláudio Roberto Fônseca Sousa Soares
- MIP CCB UFSC, Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Av. Prof. Henrique da Silva Fontes, Florianopolis, SC, 2754, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Maisonnave Arisi
- CAL CCA UFSC, Food Science and Technology Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Rod. Admar Gonzaga, Florianopolis, SC, 1346, 88034-001, Brazil
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13
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Oviedo-Pereira DG, López-Meyer M, Evangelista-Lozano S, Sarmiento-López LG, Sepúlveda-Jiménez G, Rodríguez-Monroy M. Enhanced specialized metabolite, trichome density, and biosynthetic gene expression in Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni) Bertoni plants inoculated with endophytic bacteria Enterobacter hormaechei. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13675. [PMID: 35782100 PMCID: PMC9248782 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni) Bertoni is a plant of economic interest in the food and pharmaceutical industries due its steviol glycosides (SG), which are rich in metabolites that are 300 times sweeter than sucrose. In addition, S. rebaudiana plants contain phenolic compounds and flavonoids with antioxidant activity. Endophytic bacteria promote the growth and development and modulate the metabolism of the host plant. However, little is known regarding the role of endophytic bacteria in the growth; synthesis of SG, flavonoids and phenolic compounds; and the relationship between trichome development and specialized metabolites in S. rebaudiana, which was the subject of this study. The 12 bacteria tested did not increase the growth of S. rebaudiana plants; however, the content of SG increased with inoculation with the bacteria Enterobacter hormaechei H2A3 and E. hormaechei H5A2. The SG content in leaves paralleled an increase in the density of glandular, short, and large trichome. The image analysis of S. rebaudiana leaves showed the presence of SG, phenolic compounds, and flavonoids principally in glandular and short trichomes. The increase in the transcript levels of the KO, KAH, UGT74G1, and UGT76G1 genes was related to the SG concentration in plants of S. rebaudiana inoculated with E. hormaechei H2A3 and E. hormaechei H5A2. In conclusion, inoculation with the stimulating endophytes E. hormaechei H2A3 and E. hormaechei H5A2 increased SG synthesis, flavonoid content and flavonoid accumulation in the trichomes of S. rebaudiana plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dumas G. Oviedo-Pereira
- Biotecnología, Instituto Politécnico Nacional Centro de Desarrollo de Productos Bióticos, Yautepec, Morelos, México
| | - Melina López-Meyer
- Departamento de Biotecnología Agrícola, Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigación Para el Desarrollo Integral Regional (CIIDIR), Guasave, Sinaloa, México
| | - Silvia Evangelista-Lozano
- Biotecnología, Instituto Politécnico Nacional Centro de Desarrollo de Productos Bióticos, Yautepec, Morelos, México
| | - Luis G. Sarmiento-López
- Departamento de Biotecnología Agrícola, Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigación Para el Desarrollo Integral Regional (CIIDIR), Guasave, Sinaloa, México
| | - Gabriela Sepúlveda-Jiménez
- Biotecnología, Instituto Politécnico Nacional Centro de Desarrollo de Productos Bióticos, Yautepec, Morelos, México
| | - Mario Rodríguez-Monroy
- Biotecnología, Instituto Politécnico Nacional Centro de Desarrollo de Productos Bióticos, Yautepec, Morelos, México
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14
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Li X, Bao X, Qiao G, Wang L, Shi C, Chen S, Xu Y, Zheng M, Wang Z. First Study of Bacteremia Caused by Herbaspirillum huttiense in China: A Brief Research Report and Literature Review. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:882827. [PMID: 35782140 PMCID: PMC9247281 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.882827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteremia caused by Herbaspirillum huttiense (H. huttiense) is relatively rare in positive blood cultures. H. huttiense is an opportunistic bacterium in patients with cancer and cirrhosis and has also been described in immunocompromised hosts. In this study, H. huttiense was isolated from a patient with repeated chest tightness and chest pain. Smears were prepared, stained, and examined by microscopy. Single colonies were analyzed by Gram staining, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS), 16S rRNA sequencing and Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS). Antibiotic sensitivity was assessed by agar dilution. Almost all publications on H. huttiense infections in the PubMed/ScienceDirect/EBSCO databases were reviewed and summarized. Blood sample culturing yielded white, gelatinous, and slightly raised colonies without hemolytic rings. The bacilli were found to be Gram-negative, and MS results showed 99.2% homology with H. huttiense. This was confirmed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing, phylogenetic tree analysis and NGS all of which were homologous with H. huttiense in GenBank. Antibiotic susceptibility tests were performed to determine the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of imipenem, meropenem, piperacillin-tazobactam, and levofloxacin. A comprehensive literature review revealed that H. huttiense was an emergent pathogen. After medical treatment, the patient’s body temperature returned to normal. This is the first report of bacteremia caused by H. huttiense in China. The findings could improve the awareness and attention of the rare pathogenic microorganisms in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyun Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xundi Bao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Anhui Chest Hospital, Hefei, China
| | - Guanhua Qiao
- Departmentof Laboratory Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Lianzi Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Cuixiao Shi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Shuyi Chen
- Departmentof Laboratory Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yuanhong Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: Zhongxin Wang, ; Meijuan Zheng, ; Yuanhong Xu,
| | - Meijuan Zheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: Zhongxin Wang, ; Meijuan Zheng, ; Yuanhong Xu,
| | - Zhongxin Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: Zhongxin Wang, ; Meijuan Zheng, ; Yuanhong Xu,
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15
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Sharma P, Kumar S. Bioremediation of heavy metals from industrial effluents by endophytes and their metabolic activity: Recent advances. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 339:125589. [PMID: 34304098 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Worldwide, heavy metals pollution is mostly caused by rapid population growth and industrial development which is accumulated in food webs causing a serious public health risk. Endophytic microorganisms have a variety of mechanisms for metal sequestration having metal biosorption capacities.Endophytic organisms like bacteria and fungi provide beneficial qualities that help plants to improve their health, reduce stress, and detoxify metals. Endophytes have a higher proclivity for improving metal and mineral solubility by cells that secrete low-molecular-weight organic acids and metal-specific ligands like siderophores, which change the pH of the soil and improve binding activity. Protein-related approaches like chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-Seq) and modified enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA test) can represent endophytic bacterial community and DNA-protein interactions during metal reduction. This review explored the role of endophytes in bioremediation approaches that can help in analyzing the potential and prospects in response to industrial effluents' detoxification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Sharma
- CSIR-National Environmental and Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nagpur 440 020, India
| | - Sunil Kumar
- CSIR-National Environmental and Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nagpur 440 020, India.
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16
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Bamisile BS, Siddiqui JA, Akutse KS, Ramos Aguila LC, Xu Y. General Limitations to Endophytic Entomopathogenic Fungi Use as Plant Growth Promoters, Pests and Pathogens Biocontrol Agents. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:plants10102119. [PMID: 34685928 PMCID: PMC8540635 DOI: 10.3390/plants10102119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The multiple roles of fungal entomopathogens in host plants' growth promotion, pest and pathogen management have drawn huge attention for investigation. Endophytic species are known to influence various activities of their associated host plants, and the endophyte-colonized plants have been demonstrated to gain huge benefits from these symbiotic associations. The potential application of fungal endophytes as alternative to inorganic fertilizers for crop improvement has often been proposed. Similarly, various strains of insect pathogenic fungi have been formulated for use as mycopesticides and have been suggested as long-term replacement for the synthetic pesticides that are commonly in use. The numerous concerns about the negative effects of synthetic chemical pesticides have also driven attention towards developing eco-friendly pest management techniques. However, several factors have been underlined to be militating the successful adoption of entomopathogenic fungi and fungal endophytes as plant promoting, pests and diseases control bio-agents. The difficulties in isolation and characterization of novel strains, negative effects of geographical location, vegetation type and human disturbance on fungal entomopathogens, are among the numerous setbacks that have been documented. Although, the latest advances in biotechnology and microbial studies have provided means of overcoming many of these problems. For instance, studies have suggested measures for mitigating the negative effects of biotic and abiotic stressors on entomopathogenic fungi in inundative application on the field, or when applied in the form of fungal endophytes. In spite of these efforts, more studies are needed to be done to achieve the goal of improving the overall effectiveness and increase in the level of acceptance of entomopathogenic fungi and their products as an integral part of the integrated pest management programs, as well as potential adoption as an alternative to inorganic fertilizers and pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Junaid Ali Siddiqui
- Department of Entomology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China;
| | - Komivi Senyo Akutse
- Plant Health Theme, International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi 00100, Kenya;
| | - Luis Carlos Ramos Aguila
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China;
| | - Yijuan Xu
- Department of Entomology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China;
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17
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Bioprospecting Desert Plants for Endophytic and Biostimulant Microbes: A Strategy for Enhancing Agricultural Production in a Hotter, Drier Future. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10100961. [PMID: 34681060 PMCID: PMC8533330 DOI: 10.3390/biology10100961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary Endophytes are microbes that live inside plants without causing negative effects in their hosts. All land plants are known to have endophytes, and these endophytes have the capacity to be transferred between plants. Taking endophytes from desert plants, which grow in low-nutrient, high-stress environments, and transferring them to crop plants may alleviate some of the challenges being faced by the agricultural industry, such as increasing drought frequency and rising opposition to chemical use in agriculture. Studies have shown that desert endophytes have the capacity to increase nutrient uptake and increase plant resistance to drought and heat stress, salt stress, and pathogen attack. Currently, the agricultural industry focuses on using irrigation, chemical fertilizers, and chemical pesticides to solve such issues, which can be extremely damaging to the environment. While there is still a lot that is unknown about endophytes, particularly desert plant endophytes, current research provides evidence that desert plant endophytes could be an environmentally friendly alternative to the conventional solutions being applied today. Abstract Deserts are challenging places for plants to survive in due to low nutrient availability, drought and heat stress, water stress, and herbivory. Endophytes—microbes that colonize and infect plant tissues without causing apparent disease—may contribute to plant success in such harsh environments. Current knowledge of desert plant endophytes is limited, but studies performed so far reveal that they can improve host nutrient acquisition, increase host tolerance to abiotic stresses, and increase host resistance to biotic stresses. When considered in combination with their broad host range and high colonization rate, there is great potential for desert endophytes to be used in a commercial agricultural setting, especially as croplands face more frequent and severe droughts due to climate change and as the agricultural industry faces mounting pressure to break away from agrochemicals towards more environmentally friendly alternatives. Much is still unknown about desert endophytes, but future studies may prove fruitful for the discovery of new endophyte-based biofertilizers, biocontrol agents, and abiotic stress relievers of crops.
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18
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Ali M, Ali Q, Sohail MA, Ashraf MF, Saleem MH, Hussain S, Zhou L. Diversity and Taxonomic Distribution of Endophytic Bacterial Community in the Rice Plant and Its Prospective. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221810165. [PMID: 34576331 PMCID: PMC8465699 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221810165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Endophytic bacterial communities are beneficial communities for host plants that exist inside the surfaces of plant tissues, and their application improves plant growth. They benefit directly from the host plant by enhancing the nutrient amount of the plant’s intake and influencing the phytohormones, which are responsible for growth promotion and stress. Endophytic bacteria play an important role in plant-growth promotion (PGP) by regulating the indirect mechanism targeting pest and pathogens through hydrolytic enzymes, antibiotics, biocontrol potential, and nutrient restriction for pathogens. To attain these benefits, firstly bacterial communities must be colonized by plant tissues. The nature of colonization can be achieved by using a set of traits, including attachment behavior and motility speed, degradation of plant polymers, and plant defense evasion. The diversity of bacterial endophytes colonization depends on various factors, such as plants’ relationship with environmental factors. Generally, each endophytic bacteria has a wide host range, and they are used as bio-inoculants in the form of synthetic applications for sustainable agriculture systems and to protect the environment from chemical hazards. This review discusses and explores the taxonomic distribution of endophytic bacteria associated with different genotypes of rice plants and their origin, movement, and mechanism of PGP. In addition, this review accentuates compressive meta data of endophytic bacteria communities associated with different genotypes of rice plants, retrieves their plant-growth-promoting properties and their antagonism against plant pathogens, and discusses the indication of endophytic bacterial flora in rice plant tissues using various methods. The future direction deepens the study of novel endophytic bacterial communities and their identification from rice plants through innovative techniques and their application for sustainable agriculture systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsin Ali
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Agro-Product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China;
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Qurban Ali
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Correspondence: (Q.A.); (L.Z.)
| | - Muhammad Aamir Sohail
- Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China;
| | | | - Muhammad Hamzah Saleem
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
| | - Saddam Hussain
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Punjab, Pakistan;
| | - Lei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Agro-Product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China;
- Correspondence: (Q.A.); (L.Z.)
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19
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Bianco C, Andreozzi A, Romano S, Fagorzi C, Cangioli L, Prieto P, Cisse F, Niangado O, Sidibé A, Pianezze S, Perini M, Mengoni A, Defez R. Endophytes from African Rice ( Oryza glaberrima L.) Efficiently Colonize Asian Rice ( Oryza sativa L.) Stimulating the Activity of Its Antioxidant Enzymes and Increasing the Content of Nitrogen, Carbon, and Chlorophyll. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9081714. [PMID: 34442793 PMCID: PMC8398951 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9081714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial endophytes support the adaptation of host plants to harsh environments. In this study, culturable bacterial endophytes were isolated from the African rice Oryza glaberrima L., which is well-adapted to grow with poor external inputs in the tropical region of Mali. Among these, six N-fixer strains were used to inoculate O. glaberrima RAM133 and the Asian rice O. sativa L. cv. Baldo, selected for growth in temperate climates. The colonization efficiency and the N-fixing activity were evaluated and compared for the two rice varieties. Oryza sativa-inoculated plants showed a fairly good colonization efficiency and nitrogenase activity. The inoculation of Oryza sativa with the strains Klebsiella pasteurii BDA134-6 and Phytobacter diazotrophicus BDA59-3 led to the highest nitrogenase activity. In addition, the inoculation of ‘Baldo’ plants with the strain P. diazotrophicus BDA59-3 led to a significant increase in nitrogen, carbon and chlorophyll content. Finally, ‘Baldo’ plants inoculated with Kl. pasteurii BDA134-6 showed the induction of antioxidant enzymes activity and the maintenance of nitrogen-fixation under salt stress as compared to the unstressed controls. As these endophytes efficiently colonize high-yielding crop varieties grown in cold temperate climates, they become good candidates to promote their growth under unfavorable conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Bianco
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy; (A.A.); (S.R.); (R.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-081-613-2610
| | - Anna Andreozzi
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy; (A.A.); (S.R.); (R.D.)
| | - Silvia Romano
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy; (A.A.); (S.R.); (R.D.)
| | - Camilla Fagorzi
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Via Madonna del Piano 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; (C.F.); (L.C.); (A.M.)
| | - Lisa Cangioli
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Via Madonna del Piano 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; (C.F.); (L.C.); (A.M.)
| | - Pilar Prieto
- Departamento de Mejora Genética, Campus ‘Alamedadel Obispo’, Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible (IAS), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Avd. Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004 Córdoba, Spain;
| | - Fousseyni Cisse
- Institut d’Economie Rurale, Rue Mohamed V Bamako, Bamako B.P. 258, Mali; (F.C.); (A.S.)
| | - Oumar Niangado
- Syngenta Foundation for Sustainable Agriculture, Bamako B.P.E. 1449, Mali;
| | - Amadou Sidibé
- Institut d’Economie Rurale, Rue Mohamed V Bamako, Bamako B.P. 258, Mali; (F.C.); (A.S.)
| | - Silvia Pianezze
- Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via Mach 1, 38098 San Michele All’Adige, Italy; (S.P.); (M.P.)
- Environmental and Animal Sciences DI4A, Università degli Studi di Udine, Via Sondrio 2/A, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Matteo Perini
- Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via Mach 1, 38098 San Michele All’Adige, Italy; (S.P.); (M.P.)
| | - Alessio Mengoni
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Via Madonna del Piano 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; (C.F.); (L.C.); (A.M.)
| | - Roberto Defez
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy; (A.A.); (S.R.); (R.D.)
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Bertani I, Zampieri E, Bez C, Volante A, Venturi V, Monaco S. Isolation and Characterization of Pseudomonas chlororaphis Strain ST9; Rhizomicrobiota and in Planta Studies. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10071466. [PMID: 34371669 PMCID: PMC8309335 DOI: 10.3390/plants10071466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The development of biotechnologies based on beneficial microorganisms for improving soil fertility and crop yields could help to address many current agriculture challenges, such as food security, climate change, pest control, soil depletion while decreasing the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides. Plant growth-promoting (PGP) microbes can be used as probiotics in order to increase plant tolerance/resistance to abiotic/biotic stresses and in this context strains belonging to the Pseudomonas chlororaphis group have shown to have potential as PGP candidates. In this study a new P. chlororaphis isolate is reported and tested for (i) in vitro PGP features, (ii) whole-genome sequence analysis, and (iii) its effects on the rhizosphere microbiota composition, plant growth, and different plant genes expression levels in greenhouse experiments. Results showed that P. chlororaphis ST9 is an efficient rice root colonizer which integrates into the plant resident-microbiota and affects the expression of several plant genes. The potential use of this P. chlororaphis strain as a plant probiotic is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Bertani
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (I.B.); (C.B.)
| | - Elisa Zampieri
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics-Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops, s.s. 11 to Torino, km 2.5, 13100 Vercelli, Italy; (E.Z.); (A.V.)
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council, Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135 Turin, Italy
| | - Cristina Bez
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (I.B.); (C.B.)
| | - Andrea Volante
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics-Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops, s.s. 11 to Torino, km 2.5, 13100 Vercelli, Italy; (E.Z.); (A.V.)
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics-Research Centre for Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, Corso Inglesi 508, 18038 Sanremo, Italy
| | - Vittorio Venturi
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (I.B.); (C.B.)
- Correspondence: (V.V.); (S.M.)
| | - Stefano Monaco
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics-Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops, s.s. 11 to Torino, km 2.5, 13100 Vercelli, Italy; (E.Z.); (A.V.)
- Correspondence: (V.V.); (S.M.)
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21
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Sweet Sorghum Genotypes Tolerant and Sensitive to Nitrogen Stress Select Distinct Root Endosphere and Rhizosphere Bacterial Communities. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9061329. [PMID: 34207412 PMCID: PMC8234256 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9061329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The belowground microbiomes have many beneficial functions that assist plant growth, including nutrient cycling, acquisition and transport, as well as alleviation of stresses caused by nutrient limitations such as nitrogen (N). Here we analyzed the root endosphere, rhizosphere and soil bacterial communities of seven sweet sorghum genotypes differing in sensitivity to N-stress. Sorghum genotypes were grown in fields with no (low-N) or sufficient (high-N) N. The dry shoot weight ratio (low-N/high-N) was used to determine N-stress sensitivity. Our hypothesis was that genotypes tolerant and sensitive to N-stress select distinct bacterial communities. The endosphere and rhizosphere bacterial community structure were significantly different between the N-stress sensitive and tolerant genotypes in the high-N field, but not in the low-N field. However, significant changes in the relative abundance of specific bacterial taxa were observed in both fields. Streptomyces, a bacterial genus known to alleviate plant abiotic stresses, was enriched in the endosphere and rhizosphere of the tolerant genotypes in the low-N field. Our study indicates that sweet sorghum genotypes tolerant to N-stress select taxa that can potentially mitigate the N-stress, suggesting that the interactions between N-stress tolerant lines and the root-associated microbiome might be vital for coping with N-stress.
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Genomic characterization of a diazotrophic microbiota associated with maize aerial root mucilage. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0239677. [PMID: 32986754 PMCID: PMC7521700 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
A geographically isolated maize landrace cultivated on nitrogen-depleted fields without synthetic fertilizer in the Sierra Mixe region of Oaxaca, Mexico utilizes nitrogen derived from the atmosphere and develops an extensive network of mucilage-secreting aerial roots that harbors a diazotrophic (N2-fixing) microbiota. Targeting these diazotrophs, we selected nearly 600 microbes of a collection obtained from mucilage and confirmed their ability to incorporate heavy nitrogen (15N2) metabolites in vitro. Sequencing their genomes and conducting comparative bioinformatic analyses showed that these genomes had substantial phylogenetic diversity. We examined each diazotroph genome for the presence of nif genes essential to nitrogen fixation (nifHDKENB) and carbohydrate utilization genes relevant to the mucilage polysaccharide digestion. These analyses identified diazotrophs that possessed the canonical nif gene operons, as well as many other operon configurations with concomitant fixation and release of >700 different 15N labeled metabolites. We further demonstrated that many diazotrophs possessed alternative nif gene operons and confirmed their genomic potential to derive chemical energy from mucilage polysaccharide to fuel nitrogen fixation. These results confirm that some diazotrophic bacteria associated with Sierra Mixe maize were capable of incorporating atmospheric nitrogen into their small molecule extracellular metabolites through multiple nif gene configurations while others were able to fix nitrogen without the canonical (nifHDKENB) genes.
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Dai Y, Li X, Wang Y, Li C, He Y, Lin H, Wang T, Ma X. The differences and overlaps in the seed-resident microbiome of four Leguminous and three Gramineous forages. Microb Biotechnol 2020; 13:1461-1476. [PMID: 32643276 PMCID: PMC7415374 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Given the important roles that seed-borne endophytes can play on their plant hosts, comprehensive studies of the bacterial and fungal communities of seeds are of great importance. In this study, we assessed the seed endophytes of three gramineous (Avena sativa, Elymus sibiricus and Elymus dahuricus) and four leguminous (Vicia villosa, Trifolium repens, Trifolium pretense and Medicago sativa) forages using high-throughput sequencing. In total, 1013 distinct bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTUs) and 922 fungal OTUs were detected, with bacteria and fungi per sample ranging from 240 to 425 and 261 to 463 respectively. These seven forages shared a high number of potentially beneficial taxa, including Bacillus, Pantoea, Candida and Helotiales, but the relative proportion of these taxa was different in each seed. Fungal communities were clustered more distinctively by host genotypes than bacterial. Some bacterial taxa may be involved in the recruitment of genera from the same phylum. Three Pantoea sp. and five Bacillus sp. were isolated from seeds, and all showed positive effects on Medicago sativa germination rate under salt stress, and of these, Bacillus subtilis Es-1 and Pantoea agglomerans Ed-3 performed best, but their influence was affected by the seed's microbiome. Rather than simply promoting host plant growth directly, some taxa may also participate in organizing the assembly of plant microbiomes which will influence seed response to biological factors. This study uses a new, high-throughput sequencing based strategy to identify beneficial strains and analyse the interactions between microorganisms and plants to maximize microbial functions in long-term agricultural practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Dai
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed DesignChinese Academy of SciencesNo. 9, Section 4, Renmin South RoadChengduSichuan610041China
- Key Laboratory of Bio‐Resources and Eco‐Environment of the Ministry of EducationCollege of Life ScienceSichuan UniversityChengduSichuan610065China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Xin‐Yu Li
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed DesignChinese Academy of SciencesNo. 9, Section 4, Renmin South RoadChengduSichuan610041China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Yan Wang
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed DesignChinese Academy of SciencesNo. 9, Section 4, Renmin South RoadChengduSichuan610041China
| | - Cai‐Xia Li
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed DesignChinese Academy of SciencesNo. 9, Section 4, Renmin South RoadChengduSichuan610041China
| | - Yuan He
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed DesignChinese Academy of SciencesNo. 9, Section 4, Renmin South RoadChengduSichuan610041China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Hong‐Hui Lin
- Key Laboratory of Bio‐Resources and Eco‐Environment of the Ministry of EducationCollege of Life ScienceSichuan UniversityChengduSichuan610065China
| | - Tao Wang
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed DesignChinese Academy of SciencesNo. 9, Section 4, Renmin South RoadChengduSichuan610041China
| | - Xin‐Rong Ma
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed DesignChinese Academy of SciencesNo. 9, Section 4, Renmin South RoadChengduSichuan610041China
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Fadiji AE, Babalola OO. Elucidating Mechanisms of Endophytes Used in Plant Protection and Other Bioactivities With Multifunctional Prospects. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:467. [PMID: 32500068 PMCID: PMC7242734 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Endophytes are abundant in plants and studies are continuously emanating on their ability to protect plants from pathogens that cause diseases especially in the field of agriculture. The advantage that endophytes have over other biocontrol agents is the ability to colonize plant's internal tissues. Despite this attributes, a deep understanding of the mechanism employed by endophytes in protecting the plant from diseases is still required for both effectiveness and commercialization. Also, there are increasing cases of antibiotics resistance among most causative agents of diseases in human beings, which calls for an alternative drug discovery using natural sources. Endophytes present themselves as a storehouse of many bioactive metabolites such as phenolic acids, alkaloids, quinones, steroids, saponins, tannins, and terpenoids which makes them a promising candidate for anticancer, antimalarial, antituberculosis, antiviral, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, antiarthritis, and immunosuppressive properties among many others, even though the primary function of bioactive compounds from endophytes is to make the host plants resistant to both abiotic and biotic stresses. Endophytes still present themselves as a peculiar source of possible drugs. This study elucidates the mechanisms employed by endophytes in protecting the plant from diseases and different bioactivities of importance to humans with a focus on endophytic bacteria and fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Olubukola Oluranti Babalola
- Food Security and Safety Niche, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Mmabatho, South Africa
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25
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Bacterial and Fungal Endophytes: Tiny Giants with Immense Beneficial Potential for Plant Growth and Sustainable Agricultural Productivity. Microorganisms 2019; 7:microorganisms7110481. [PMID: 31652843 PMCID: PMC6921065 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7110481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The conventional means of achieving enhanced agricultural productivity are not ecologically balanced and sustainable. The excessive use of synthetic agrochemicals, declining soil nutrients, and water-use issues, amongst others, are threats to the ecosystem. Additionally, environmental degradation and an increasing global population that will reach 9 billion by 2030 are further considerations. These issues mean a decline in the volume of food resources available to feed the world. Therefore, sustainably increasing agricultural productivity is a necessity for restoring soil fertility, feeding the populace, and improving the ecosystem. A way to achieve this is by using eco-friendly microbial inoculants. Endophytes inhabit the tissues of plants asymptomatically without causing adverse effects. Bacterial and fungal endophytes benefit plants by promoting growth, suppressing pathogens, and improving the stress tolerance and immunity of plants. Despite this vital role played by endophytes in their interactions with host plants, there is still a paucity of relevant review data. More importantly, the prospective use of endophytes as an alternative to synthetic agrochemicals to ensure agro-ecological crop productivity has not been well reviewed in the literature. Therefore, this review sought to highlight the potential use of endophytic microbial resources to achieve enhancements in agro-food system crops in a sustainable manner.
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Defez R, Valenti A, Andreozzi A, Romano S, Ciaramella M, Pesaresi P, Forlani S, Bianco C. New Insights into Structural and Functional Roles of Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA): Changes in DNA Topology and Gene Expression in Bacteria. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9100522. [PMID: 31547634 PMCID: PMC6843775 DOI: 10.3390/biom9100522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
: Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) is a major plant hormone that affects many cellular processes in plants, bacteria, yeast, and human cells through still unknown mechanisms. In this study, we demonstrated that the IAA-treatment of two unrelated bacteria, the Ensifer meliloti 1021 and Escherichia coli, harboring two different host range plasmids, influences the supercoiled state of the two plasmid DNAs in vivo. Results obtained from in vitro assays show that IAA interacts with DNA, leading to DNA conformational changes commonly induced by intercalating agents. We provide evidence that IAA inhibits the activity of the type IA topoisomerase, which regulates the DNA topological state in bacteria, through the relaxation of the negative supercoiled DNA. In addition, we demonstrate that the treatment of E. meliloti cells with IAA induces the expression of some genes, including the ones related to nitrogen fixation. In contrast, these genes were significantly repressed by the treatment with novobiocin, which reduces the DNA supercoiling in bacterial cells. Taking into account the overall results reported, we hypothesize that the IAA action and the DNA structure/function might be correlated and involved in the regulation of gene expression. This work points out that checking whether IAA influences the DNA topology under physiological conditions could be a useful strategy to clarify the mechanism of action of this hormone, not only in plants but also in other unrelated organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Defez
- Istituto di Bioscienze e BioRisorse, via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Anna Valenti
- Istituto di Bioscienze e BioRisorse, via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Anna Andreozzi
- Istituto di Bioscienze e BioRisorse, via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Silvia Romano
- Istituto di Bioscienze e BioRisorse, via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Maria Ciaramella
- Istituto di Bioscienze e BioRisorse, via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Paolo Pesaresi
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Sara Forlani
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Carmen Bianco
- Istituto di Bioscienze e BioRisorse, via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy.
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