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Li T, Liu Y, Zhu H, Cao L, Zhou Y, Liu D, Shen Q. Cellular ATP redistribution achieved by deleting Tgparp improves lignocellulose utilization of Trichoderma under heat stress. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2024; 17:54. [PMID: 38637859 PMCID: PMC11027231 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-024-02502-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thermotolerance is widely acknowledged as a pivotal factor for fungal survival across diverse habitats. Heat stress induces a cascade of disruptions in various life processes, especially in the acquisition of carbon sources, while the mechanisms by which filamentous fungi adapt to heat stress and maintain carbon sources are still not fully understood. RESULTS Using Trichoderma guizhouense, a representative beneficial microorganism for plants, we discover that heat stress severely inhibits the lignocellulases secretion, affecting carbon source utilization efficiency. Proteomic results at different temperatures suggest that proteins involved in the poly ADP-ribosylation pathway (TgPARP and TgADPRase) may play pivotal roles in thermal adaptation and lignocellulose utilization. TgPARP is induced by heat stress, while the deletion of Tgparp significantly improves the lignocellulose utilization capacity and lignocellulases secretion in T. guizhouense. Simultaneously, the absence of Tgparp prevents the excessive depletion of ATP and NAD+, enhances the protective role of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and elevates the expression levels of the unfolded protein response (UPR)-related regulatory factor Tgire. Further investigations reveal that a stable MMP can establish energy homeostasis, allocating more ATP within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to reduce protein accumulation in the ER, thereby enhancing the lignocellulases secretion in T. guizhouense under heat stress. CONCLUSIONS Overall, these findings underscored the significance of Tgparp as pivotal regulators in lignocellulose utilization under heat stress and provided further insights into the molecular mechanism of filamentous fungi in utilizing lignocellulose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuo Li
- Key Lab of Organic-Based Fertilizers of China and Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Nanjing, China
- College of Resources & Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Key Lab of Organic-Based Fertilizers of China and Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Nanjing, China
- College of Resources & Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Han Zhu
- Key Lab of Organic-Based Fertilizers of China and Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Nanjing, China
- College of Resources & Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Linhua Cao
- Key Lab of Organic-Based Fertilizers of China and Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Nanjing, China
- College of Resources & Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yihao Zhou
- Key Lab of Organic-Based Fertilizers of China and Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Nanjing, China
- College of Resources & Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dongyang Liu
- Key Lab of Organic-Based Fertilizers of China and Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Nanjing, China.
- College of Resources & Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Qirong Shen
- Key Lab of Organic-Based Fertilizers of China and Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Nanjing, China
- College of Resources & Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
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Wu S, Zhang Y, Xu L, Zhang H, Li Y, Yang L, Zhang Z, Zhang H. Mitochondrial Outer Membrane Translocase MoTom20 Modulates Mitochondrial Morphology and Is Important for Infectious Growth of the Rice Blast Fungus Magnaporthe oryzae. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2024; 37:407-415. [PMID: 38171376 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-10-23-0168-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondria are highly dynamic organelles that constantly change their morphology to adapt to the cellular environment through fission and fusion, which is critical for a cell to maintain normal cellular functions. Despite the significance of this process in the development and pathogenicity of the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae, the underlying mechanism remains largely elusive. Here, we identified and characterized a mitochondrial outer membrane translocase, MoTom20, in M. oryzae. Targeted gene deletion revealed that MoTom20 plays an important role in vegetative growth, conidiogenesis, penetration, and infectious growth of M. oryzae. The growth rate, conidial production, appressorium turgor, and pathogenicity are decreased in the ΔMotom20 mutant compared with the wild-type and complemented strains. Further analysis revealed that MoTom20 localizes in mitochondrion and plays a key role in regulating mitochondrial fission and fusion balance, which is critical for infectious growth. Finally, we found that MoTom20 is involved in fatty-acid utilization, and its yeast homolog ScTom20 is able to rescue the defects of ΔMotom20 in mitochondrial morphology and pathogenicity. Overall, our data demonstrate that MoTom20 is a key regulator for mitochondrial morphology maintenance, which is important for infectious growth of the rice blast fungus M. oryzae. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Wu
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, and Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, and Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China
| | - Lele Xu
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, and Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China
| | - Haibo Zhang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, and Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuhe Li
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, and Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China
| | - Leiyun Yang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, and Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhengguang Zhang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, and Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China
| | - Haifeng Zhang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, and Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China
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Shi H, Meng S, Qiu J, Xie S, Jiang N, Luo C, Naqvi NI, Kou Y. MoAti1 mediates mitophagy by facilitating recruitment of MoAtg8 to promote invasive growth in Magnaporthe oryzae. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2024; 25:e13439. [PMID: 38483039 PMCID: PMC10938464 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Mitophagy is a selective autophagy for the degradation of damaged or excessive mitochondria to maintain intracellular homeostasis. In Magnaporthe oryzae, a filamentous ascomycetous fungus that causes rice blast, the most devastating disease of rice, mitophagy occurs in the invasive hyphae to promote infection. To date, only a few proteins are known to participate in mitophagy and the mechanisms of mitophagy are largely unknown in pathogenic fungi. Here, by a yeast two-hybrid screen with the core autophagy-related protein MoAtg8 as a bait, we obtained a MoAtg8 interactor MoAti1 (MoAtg8-interacting protein 1). Fluorescent observations and protease digestion analyses revealed that MoAti1 is primarily localized to the peripheral mitochondrial outer membrane and is responsible for recruiting MoAtg8 to mitochondria under mitophagy induction conditions. MoAti1 is specifically required for mitophagy, but not for macroautophagy and pexophagy. Infection assays suggested that MoAti1 is required for mitophagy in invasive hyphae during pathogenesis. Notably, no homologues of MoAti1 were found in rice and human protein databases, indicating that MoAti1 may be used as a potential target to control rice blast. By the host-induced gene silencing (HIGS) strategy, transgenic rice plants targeted to silencing MoATI1 showed enhanced resistance against M. oryzae with unchanged agronomic traits. Our results suggest that MoATI1 is required for mitophagy and pathogenicity in M. oryzae and can be used as a target for reducing rice blast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanbin Shi
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology and BreedingChina National Rice Research InstituteHangzhouChina
| | - Shuai Meng
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology and BreedingChina National Rice Research InstituteHangzhouChina
| | - Jiehua Qiu
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology and BreedingChina National Rice Research InstituteHangzhouChina
| | - Shuwei Xie
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology and BreedingChina National Rice Research InstituteHangzhouChina
| | - Nan Jiang
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology and BreedingChina National Rice Research InstituteHangzhouChina
| | - Chaoxi Luo
- Key Lab of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, and College of Plant Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Naweed I. Naqvi
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, Department of Biological SciencesNational University of SingaporeSingapore
| | - Yanjun Kou
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology and BreedingChina National Rice Research InstituteHangzhouChina
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Liu Q, Jiang K, Duan S, Zhao N, Shen Y, Zhu L, Zhang KQ, Yang J. Identification of a transcription factor AoMsn2 of the Hog1 signaling pathway contributes to fungal growth, development and pathogenicity in Arthrobotrys oligospora. J Adv Res 2024:S2090-1232(24)00052-3. [PMID: 38331317 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Arthrobotrys oligospora has been utilized as a model strain to study the interaction between fungi and nematodes owing to its ability to capture nematodes by developing specialized traps. A previous study showed that high-osmolarity glycerol (Hog1) signaling regulates the osmoregulation and nematocidal activity of A. oligospora. However, the function of downstream transcription factors of the Hog1 signaling in the nematode-trapping (NT) fungi remains unclear. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the functions and potential regulatory network of AoMsn2, a downstream transcription factor of the Hog1 signaling pathway in A. oligospora. METHODS The function of AoMsn2 was characterized using targeted gene deletion, phenotypic experiments, real-time quantitative PCR, RNA sequencing, untargeted metabolomics, and yeast two-hybrid analysis. RESULTS Loss of Aomsn2 significantly enlarged and swollen the hyphae, with an increase in septa and a significant decrease in nuclei. In particular, spore yield, spore germination rate, traps, and nematode predation efficiency were remarkably decreased in the mutants. Phenotypic and transcriptomic analyses revealed that AoMsn2 is essential for fatty acid metabolism and autophagic pathways. Additionally, untargeted metabolomic analysis identified an important function of AoMsn2 in the modulation of secondary metabolites. Furtherly, we analyzed the protein interaction network of AoMsn2 based on the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway map and the online website STRING. Finally, Hog1 and six putative targeted proteins of AoMsn2 were identified by Y2H analysis. CONCLUSION Our study reveals that AoMsn2 plays crucial roles in the growth, conidiation, trap development, fatty acid metabolism, and secondary metabolism, as well as establishes a broad basis for understanding the regulatory mechanisms of trap morphogenesis and environmental adaptation in NT fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Key Laboratory for Southwest Microbial Diversity of the Ministry of Education, and School of Life Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650032, China
| | - Kexin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Key Laboratory for Southwest Microbial Diversity of the Ministry of Education, and School of Life Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650032, China
| | - Shipeng Duan
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Key Laboratory for Southwest Microbial Diversity of the Ministry of Education, and School of Life Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650032, China
| | - Na Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Key Laboratory for Southwest Microbial Diversity of the Ministry of Education, and School of Life Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650032, China
| | - Yanmei Shen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Key Laboratory for Southwest Microbial Diversity of the Ministry of Education, and School of Life Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650032, China
| | - Lirong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Key Laboratory for Southwest Microbial Diversity of the Ministry of Education, and School of Life Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650032, China
| | - Ke-Qin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Key Laboratory for Southwest Microbial Diversity of the Ministry of Education, and School of Life Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650032, China
| | - Jinkui Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Key Laboratory for Southwest Microbial Diversity of the Ministry of Education, and School of Life Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650032, China.
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Shen ZF, Li L, Zhu XM, Liu XH, Klionsky DJ, Lin FC. Current opinions on mitophagy in fungi. Autophagy 2023; 19:747-757. [PMID: 35793406 PMCID: PMC9980689 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2022.2098452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitophagy, as one of the most important cellular processes to ensure quality control of mitochondria, aims at transporting damaged, aging, dysfunctional or excess mitochondria to vacuoles (plants and fungi) or lysosomes (mammals) for degradation and recycling. The normal functioning of mitophagy is critical for cellular homeostasis from yeasts to humans. Although the role of mitophagy has been well studied in mammalian cells and in certain model organisms, especially the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, our understanding of its significance in other fungi, particularly in pathogenic filamentous fungi, is still at the preliminary stage. Recent studies have shown that mitophagy plays a vital role in spore production, vegetative growth and virulence of pathogenic fungi, which are very different from its roles in mammal and yeast. In this review, we summarize the functions of mitophagy for mitochondrial quality and quantity control, fungal growth and pathogenesis that have been reported in the field of molecular biology over the past two decades. These findings may help researchers and readers to better understand the multiple functions of mitophagy and provide new perspectives for the study of mitophagy in fungal pathogenesis.Abbreviations: AIM/LIR: Atg8-family interacting motif/LC3-interacting region; BAR: Bin-Amphiphysin-Rvs; BNIP3: BCL2 interacting protein 3; CK2: casein kinase 2; Cvt: cytoplasm-to-vacuole targeting; ER: endoplasmic reticulum; IMM: inner mitochondrial membrane; mETC: mitochondrial electron transport chain; OMM: outer mitochondrial membrane; OPTN: optineurin; PAS: phagophore assembly site; PD: Parkinson disease; PE: phosphatidylethanolamine; PHB2: prohibitin 2; PX: Phox homology; ROS, reactive oxygen species; TM: transmembrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Fang Shen
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lin Li
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xue-Ming Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiao-Hong Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Daniel J. Klionsky
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Fu-Cheng Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Zhang T, Wang X, Li X, Li YN, Li Y, Wu S, Xu L, Zhou R, Yang J, Li G, Liu X, Zheng X, Zhang Z, Zhang H. MoLrp1-mediated signaling induces nuclear accumulation of MoMsn2 to facilitate fatty acid oxidation for infectious growth of the rice blast fungus. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2023:100561. [PMID: 36774535 PMCID: PMC10363509 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2023.100561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Fatty acid β-oxidation is critical for fatty acid degradation and cellular development. In the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae, fatty acid β-oxidation is reported to be important mainly for turgor generation in the appressorium. However, the role of fatty acid β-oxidation during invasive hyphal growth is rarely documented. We demonstrated that blocking peroxisomal fatty acid β-oxidation impaired lipid droplet (LD) degradation and infectious growth of M. oryzae. We found that the key regulator of pathogenesis, MoMsn2, which we identified previously, is involved in fatty acid β-oxidation by targeting MoDCI1 (encoding dienoyl-coenzyme A [CoA] isomerase), which is also important for LD degradation and infectious growth. Cytological observations revealed that MoMsn2 accumulated from the cytosol to the nucleus during early infection or upon treatment with oleate. We determined that the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein MoLrp1, which is also involved in fatty acid β-oxidation and infectious growth, plays a critical role in the accumulation of MoMsn2 from the cytosol to the nucleus by activating the cyclic AMP signaling pathway. Our results provide new insights into the importance of fatty acid oxidation during invasive hyphal growth, which is modulated by MoMsn2 and its related signaling pathways in M. oryzae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, and Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China; The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xingyu Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, and Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China; The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xue Li
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, and Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China; The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ya-Nan Li
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, and Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China; The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuhe Li
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, and Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China; The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuang Wu
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, and Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China; The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lele Xu
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, and Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China; The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ruiwen Zhou
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, and Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China; The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, and Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China; The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guotian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, the Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinyu Liu
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, and Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China; The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaobo Zheng
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, and Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China; The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhengguang Zhang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, and Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China; The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haifeng Zhang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, and Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China; The Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.
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MoMaf1 Mediates Vegetative Growth, Conidiogenesis, and Pathogenicity in the Rice Blast Fungus Magnaporthe oryzae. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:jof9010106. [PMID: 36675927 PMCID: PMC9861366 DOI: 10.3390/jof9010106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In eukaryotes, Maf1 is an essential and specific negative regulator of RNA polymerase (Pol) III. Pol III, which synthesizes 5S RNA and transfer RNAs (tRNAs), is suppressed by Maf1 under the conditions of nutrient starvation or environmental stress. Here, we identified M. oryzae MoMaf1, a homolog of ScMaf1 in budding yeast. A heterogeneous complementation assay revealed that MoMaf1 restored growth defects in the ΔScmaf1 mutant under SDS stress. Destruction of MoMAF1 elevated 5S rRNA content and increased sensitivity to cell wall agents. Moreover, the ΔMomaf1 mutant exhibited reduced vegetative growth, conidiogenesis, and pathogenicity. Interestingly, we found that MoMaf1 underwent nuclear-cytoplasmic shuffling, through which MoMaf1 accumulated in nuclei under nutrient deficiency or upon the interaction of M. oryzae with rice. Therefore, this study can help to elucidate the pathogenic molecular mechanism of M. oryzae.
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Meng S, Jagernath JS, Luo C, Shi H, Kou Y. MoWhi2 Mediates Mitophagy to Regulate Conidiation and Pathogenesis in Magnaporthe oryzae. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105311. [PMID: 35628129 PMCID: PMC9141721 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitophagy refers to the specific process of degrading mitochondria, which is an important physiological process to maintain the balance of mitochondrial quantity and quality in cells. At present, the mechanisms of mitophagy in pathogenic fungi remain unclear. Magnaporthe oryzae (Syn. Pyricularia oryzae), the causal agent of rice blast disease, is responsible for the most serious disease of rice. In M. oryzae, mitophagy occurs in the foot cells and invasive hyphae to promote conidiation and infection. In this study, fluorescent observations and immunoblot analyses showed that general stress response protein MoWhi2 is required for mitophagy in M. oryzae. In addition, the activation of the autophagy, pexophagy and cytoplasm-to-vacuole targeting (CVT) pathway upon nitrogen starvation was determined using the GFP-MoATG8, GFP-SRL and MoAPE1-GFP strains and the ΔMowhi2 mutant in these backgrounds. The results indicated that MoWhi2 is specifically required for mitophagy in M. oryzae. Further studies showed that mitophagy in the foot cells and invasive hyphae of the ΔMowhi2 was interrupted, leading to reduced conidiation and virulence in the ΔMowhi2 mutant. Taken together, we found that MoWhi2 contributes to conidiation and invasive growth by regulating mitophagy in M. oryzae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Meng
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, China; (S.M.); (J.S.J.)
- Hubei Key Lab of Plant Pathology, and College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
| | - Jane Sadhna Jagernath
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, China; (S.M.); (J.S.J.)
| | - Chaoxi Luo
- Hubei Key Lab of Plant Pathology, and College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
| | - Huanbin Shi
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, China; (S.M.); (J.S.J.)
- Correspondence: (H.S.); (Y.K.)
| | - Yanjun Kou
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, China; (S.M.); (J.S.J.)
- Correspondence: (H.S.); (Y.K.)
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