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Hattab D, Amer MFA, Al-Alami ZM, Bakhtiar A. SARS-CoV-2 journey: from alpha variant to omicron and its sub-variants. Infection 2024; 52:767-786. [PMID: 38554253 PMCID: PMC11143066 DOI: 10.1007/s15010-024-02223-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has affected hundreds of millions of individuals and caused more than six million deaths. The prolonged pandemic duration and the continual inter-individual transmissibility have contributed to the emergence of a wide variety of SARS-CoV-2 variants. Genomic surveillance and phylogenetic studies have shown that substantial mutations in crucial supersites of spike glycoprotein modulate the binding affinity of the evolved SARS-COV-2 lineages to ACE2 receptors and modify the binding of spike protein with neutralizing antibodies. The immunological spike mutations have been associated with differential transmissibility, infectivity, and therapeutic efficacy of the vaccines and the immunological therapies among the new variants. This review highlights the diverse genetic mutations assimilated in various SARS-CoV-2 variants. The implications of the acquired mutations related to viral transmission, infectivity, and COVID-19 severity are discussed. This review also addresses the effectiveness of human neutralizing antibodies induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection or immunization and the therapeutic antibodies against the ascended variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dima Hattab
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Queen Rania Street, Amman, Jordan
| | - Mumen F A Amer
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Zina M Al-Alami
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Athirah Bakhtiar
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia.
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2
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Chadha J, Thakur N, Chhibber S, Harjai K. A comprehensive status update on modification of foley catheter to combat catheter-associated urinary tract infections and microbial biofilms. Crit Rev Microbiol 2024; 50:168-195. [PMID: 36651058 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2023.2167593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Present-day healthcare employs several types of invasive devices, including urinary catheters, to improve medical wellness, the clinical outcome of disease, and the quality of patient life. Among urinary catheters, the Foley catheter is most commonly used in patients for bladder drainage and collection of urine. Although such devices are very useful for patients who cannot empty their bladder for various reasons, they also expose patients to catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs). Catheter provides an ideal surface for bacterial colonization and biofilm formation, resulting in persistent bacterial infection and severe complications. Hence, rigorous efforts have been made to develop catheters that harbour antimicrobial and anti-fouling properties to resist colonization by bacterial pathogens. In this regard, catheter modification by surface functionalization, impregnation, blending, or coating with antibiotics, bioactive compounds, and nanoformulations have proved to be effective in controlling biofilm formation. This review attempts to illustrate the complications associated with indwelling Foley catheters, primarily focussing on challenges in fighting CAUTI, catheter colonization, and biofilm formation. In this review, we also collate scientific literature on catheter modification using antibiotics, plant bioactive components, bacteriophages, nanoparticles, and studies demonstrating their efficacy through in vitro and in vivo testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jatin Chadha
- Department of Microbiology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Navdisha Thakur
- Department of Microbiology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Sanjay Chhibber
- Department of Microbiology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Kusum Harjai
- Department of Microbiology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
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3
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Moudgil G, Chadha J, Khullar L, Chhibber S, Harjai K. Lumpy skin disease: Insights into current status and geographical expansion of a transboundary viral disease. Microb Pathog 2024; 186:106485. [PMID: 38052279 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is an emerging transboundary viral disease of livestock animals which was first reported in 1929 in Zambia. Although LSD is a neglected disease of economic importance, it extends a direct impact on the international trade and economy in livestock-dependent countries. Lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) has been endemic in African countries, where several outbreaks have been reported previously. However, the virus has spread rapidly across the Middle East in the past two decades, reaching Russia and, recently, the Asian subcontinent. With unprecedented cluster outbreaks being reported across Asian countries like India, China, Nepal, Bangladesh, and Pakistan, LSDV is certainly undergoing an epidemiological shift and expanding its geographical footprint worldwide. Due to high mortality among livestock animals, the recent LSD outbreaks have gained attention from global regulatory authorities and raised serious concerns among epidemiologists and veterinary researchers. Despite networked global surveillance of the disease, recurrent LSD cases pose a threat to the livestock industry. Hence, this review provides recent insights into the LSDV biology by augmenting the latest literature associated with its pathogenesis, transmission, current intervention strategies, and economic implications. The review critically examines the changing epidemiological footprint of LSDV globally, especially in relation to developing countries of the Asian subcontinent. We also speculate the possible reasons contributing to the ongoing LSD outbreaks, including illegal animal trade, climate change, genetic recombination events between wild-type and vaccine strains, reversion of vaccine strains to virulent phenotype, and deficiencies in active monitoring during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Moudgil
- Department of Microbiology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Jatin Chadha
- Department of Microbiology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Lavanya Khullar
- Department of Microbiology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Sanjay Chhibber
- Department of Microbiology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Kusum Harjai
- Department of Microbiology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India.
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4
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Uzunoglu A, Gunes Altuntas E, Huseyin Ipekci H, Ozoglu O. Two-Dimensional (2D) materials in the detection of SARS-CoV-2. Microchem J 2023; 193:108970. [PMID: 37342763 PMCID: PMC10265934 DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2023.108970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has resulted in a devastating effect on human health in the last three years. While tremendous effort has been devoted to the development of effective treatment and vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 and controlling the spread of it, collective health challenges have been encountered along with the concurrent serious economic impacts. Since the beginning of the pandemic, various detection methods like PCR-based methods, isothermal nucleic acid amplification-based (INAA) methods, serological methods or antibody tests, and evaluation of X-ray chest results have been exploited to diagnose SARS-CoV-2. PCR-based detection methods in these are considered gold standards in the current stage despite their drawbacks, including being high-cost and time-consuming procedures. Furthermore, the results obtained from the PCR tests are susceptible to sample collection methods and time. When the sample is not collected properly, obtaining a false result may be likely. The use of specialized lab equipment and the need for trained people for the experiments pose additional challenges in PCR-based testing methods. Also, similar problems are observed in other molecular and serological methods. Therefore, biosensor technologies are becoming advantageous with their quick response, high specificity and precision, and low-cost characteristics for SARS-CoV-2 detection. In this paper, we critically review the advances in the development of sensors for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 using two-dimensional (2D) materials. Since 2D materials including graphene and graphene-related materials, transition metal carbides, carbonitrides, and nitrides (MXenes), and transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) play key roles in the development of novel and high-performance electrochemical (bio)sensors, this review pushes the sensor technologies against SARS-CoV-2 detection forward and highlights the current trends. First, the basics of SARS-CoV-2 detection are described. Then the structure and the physicochemical properties of the 2D materials are explained, which is followed by the development of SARS-CoV-2 sensors by exploiting the exceptional properties of the 2D materials. This critical review covers most of the published papers in detail from the beginning of the outbreak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aytekin Uzunoglu
- Faculty of Engineering, Metallurgical & Materials Engineering, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya 42090, Turkey
| | - Evrim Gunes Altuntas
- Ankara University, Biotechnology Institute, Gumusdere Campus, 06135, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hasan Huseyin Ipekci
- Faculty of Engineering, Metallurgical & Materials Engineering, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya 42090, Turkey
| | - Ozum Ozoglu
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Bursa Uludag University, 16059 Bursa, Turkey
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5
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Banerjee A, Somasundaram I, Das D, Jain Manoj S, Banu H, Mitta Suresh P, Paul S, Bisgin A, Zhang H, Sun XF, Duttaroy AK, Pathak S. Functional Foods: A Promising Strategy for Restoring Gut Microbiota Diversity Impacted by SARS-CoV-2 Variants. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15112631. [PMID: 37299594 DOI: 10.3390/nu15112631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural herbs and functional foods contain bioactive molecules capable of augmenting the immune system and mediating anti-viral functions. Functional foods, such as prebiotics, probiotics, and dietary fibers, have been shown to have positive effects on gut microbiota diversity and immune function. The use of functional foods has been linked to enhanced immunity, regeneration, improved cognitive function, maintenance of gut microbiota, and significant improvement in overall health. The gut microbiota plays a critical role in maintaining overall health and immune function, and disruptions to its balance have been linked to various health problems. SARS-CoV-2 infection has been shown to affect gut microbiota diversity, and the emergence of variants poses new challenges to combat the virus. SARS-CoV-2 recognizes and infects human cells through ACE2 receptors prevalent in lung and gut epithelial cells. Humans are prone to SARS-CoV-2 infection because their respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts are rich in microbial diversity and contain high levels of ACE2 and TMPRSS2. This review article explores the potential use of functional foods in mitigating the impact of SARS-CoV-2 variants on gut microbiota diversity, and the potential use of functional foods as a strategy to combat these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antara Banerjee
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Kelambakkam, Chennai 603103, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Indumathi Somasundaram
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Kolhapur Institute of Technology's College of Engineering, Kolhapur 416012, Maharashtra, India
| | - Diptimayee Das
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Kelambakkam, Chennai 603103, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Samatha Jain Manoj
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Kelambakkam, Chennai 603103, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Husaina Banu
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Kelambakkam, Chennai 603103, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Pavane Mitta Suresh
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Kelambakkam, Chennai 603103, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sujay Paul
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Queretaro, San Pablo 76130, Mexico
| | - Atil Bisgin
- Department of Medical Genetics, Medical Faculty, Cukurova University, Adana 01250, Turkey
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Orebro University, SE-701 82 Orebro, Sweden
| | - Xiao-Feng Sun
- Division of Ocology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linkoping University, SE-581 83 Linkoping, Sweden
| | - Asim K Duttaroy
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0313 Oslo, Norway
| | - Surajit Pathak
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Kelambakkam, Chennai 603103, Tamil Nadu, India
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6
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Chan-Zapata I, Borges-Argáez R, Ayora-Talavera G. Quinones as Promising Compounds against Respiratory Viruses: A Review. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28041981. [PMID: 36838969 PMCID: PMC9967002 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiratory viruses represent a world public health problem, giving rise to annual seasonal epidemics and several pandemics caused by some of these viruses, including the COVID-19 pandemic caused by the novel SARS-CoV-2, which continues to date. Some antiviral drugs have been licensed for the treatment of influenza, but they cause side effects and lead to resistant viral strains. Likewise, aerosolized ribavirin is the only drug approved for the therapy of infections by the respiratory syncytial virus, but it possesses various limitations. On the other hand, no specific drugs are licensed to treat other viral respiratory diseases. In this sense, natural products and their derivatives have appeared as promising alternatives in searching for new compounds with antiviral activity. Besides their chemical properties, quinones have demonstrated interesting biological activities, including activity against respiratory viruses. This review summarizes the activity against respiratory viruses and their molecular targets by the different types of quinones (both natural and synthetic). Thus, the present work offers a general overview of the importance of quinones as an option for the future pharmacological treatment of viral respiratory infections, subject to additional studies that support their effectiveness and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Chan-Zapata
- Unidad de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Chuburná de Hidalgo, Merida 97205, Mexico
| | - Rocío Borges-Argáez
- Unidad de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Chuburná de Hidalgo, Merida 97205, Mexico
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-99-99-42-83-30
| | - Guadalupe Ayora-Talavera
- Departamento de Virología, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales “Dr. Hideyo Noguchi”, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Paseo de Las Fuentes, Merida 97225, Mexico
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Batra B, Srinivasan S, Gopalakrishnan SG, Patel CN, Kumar V, Sourirajan A, Dev K. Molecular insights into the interaction of eighteen different variants of SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins with sixteen therapeutically important phytocompounds: in silico approach. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:12880-12907. [PMID: 36690609 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2169761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 has mutated many times among different populations. We analyzed wild-type spike protein and 18 different variants of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein known until the beginning of 2022 (alpha, beta, B.1.429, B.1.616, B.1.620, B.1.617.3, C.1.2, delta, epsilon, eta, gamma, iota, kappa, lambda, mu, omicron, theta, and zeta) for their interaction with 16 phytocompounds and remdesivir, resulting into 425 combinations. The largest number of mutations has been reported in the omicron followed by delta variant. However, the virulence of the delta variant has been reported higher as compared to omicron. Mutations at a few locations (D215G, K417N, E484K, N501Y, D614G, and P681H) were common in most of the variants. 3 D structures of all the 18 spike proteins were created using SWISS-MODEL to test the binding affinities with caffeine theophylline, emodin, vitexin, berberine, curcumin, piperine, quercetin, artemisinin, carvacrol, capsaicin, tetrahydrocannabinol, cannabidiol, α- pinene, β- pinene and gingerol. Phytocompounds and mutant variants were prepared using AutoDock 4.2.6 software. Binding affinities of the selected phytocompounds with the different mutant spike proteins were achieved using AutoDock Vina. Out of all combinations investigated, the best binding affinities were observed with 3 variants of SAR-CoV-2 with 5 phytocompounds along with remdesivir. The range of best binding energies varied from -9.1 to -8.0 kcal/mol. Further, MD simulation was done for selected 9 phytocompound-spike mutant complexes for analyzing the stability of interactions for 100 ns. ADMET studies via ProTox-II and SwissADME displayed that phytocompounds are safe and less toxic in comparison to remdesivir.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavika Batra
- Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Suchetha Srinivasan
- Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | | | - Chirag N Patel
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Vikas Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, University Institute of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Anuradha Sourirajan
- Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Kamal Dev
- Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio, USA
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Gulati P, Chadha J, Harjai K, Singh S. Targeting envelope proteins of poxviruses to repurpose phytochemicals against monkeypox: An in silico investigation. Front Microbiol 2023; 13:1073419. [PMID: 36687601 PMCID: PMC9849581 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1073419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The monkeypox virus (MPXV) has become a major threat due to the increasing global caseload and the ongoing multi-country outbreak in non-endemic territories. Due to limited research in this avenue and the lack of intervention strategies, the present study was aimed to virtually screen bioactive phytochemicals against envelope proteins of MPXV via rigorous computational approaches. Molecular docking, molecular dynamic (MD) simulations, and MM/PBSA analysis were used to investigate the binding affinity of 12 phytochemicals against three envelope proteins of MPXV, viz., D13, A26, and H3. Silibinin, oleanolic acid, and ursolic acid were computationally identified as potential phytochemicals that showed strong binding affinity toward all the tested structural proteins of MPXV through molecular docking. The stability of the docked complexes was also confirmed by MD simulations and MM/PBSA calculations. Results from the iMODS server also complemented the findings from molecular docking and MD simulations. ADME analysis also computationally confirmed the drug-like properties of the phytochemicals, thereby asserting their suitability for consumption. Hence, this study envisions the candidature of bioactive phytochemicals as promising inhibitors against the envelope proteins of the MPXV, serving as template molecules that could further be experimentally evaluated for their efficacy against monkeypox.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi Gulati
- Department of Microbiology, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Jatin Chadha
- Department of Microbiology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Kusum Harjai
- Department of Microbiology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Sandeepa Singh
- Department of Botany, Maitreyi College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India,*Correspondence: Sandeepa Singh, ✉
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Vukovikj M, Boshevska G, Janchevska E, Buzharova T, Preshova A, Simova M, Peshnacka A, Kocinski D, Kuzmanovska G, Memeti S, Gjorgoski I. In-depth genetic characterization of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in a two-year frame in North Macedonia using second and third generation sequencing technologies. FRONTIERS IN VIROLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.3389/fviro.2022.1064882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has a persistent negative impact on both the public health and the global economy. To comprehend the origin, transmission routes and discover the mutations that alter the virus’s transmissibility and pathogenicity, full-length SARS-CoV-2 genomes have to be molecularly characterized. Focusing on a two-year time frame (2020-2021), we provide an in-depth virologic and epidemiological overview of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in the Republic of North Macedonia by assessing the frequency and distribution of the circulating SARS-CoV-2 variants. Using genetic characterization and phylogenetic analysis we shed light on the molecular evolution of the virus as well as test for a possible connection between specific SARS-CoV-2 haplotypes and the severity of the clinical symptoms. Our results show that one fifth (21.51%) of the tested respiratory samples for SARS-CoV-2 were positive. A noticeable trend in the incidence and severity of the COVID-19 infections was observed in the 60+ age group between males and females. Of the total number of positive cases, the highest incidence of SARS-CoV-2 was noticed in 60+ males (4,170.4/100,000), with a statistically significant (0,0001) difference between the two sexes. Additionally, a 1.8x increase in male mortality and consequentially significantly higher number of death cases was observed compared to females of the same age group (0.001). A total of 327 samples were sequenced in the period March 2020 - August 2021, showing the temporal distribution of SARS-CoV-2 variants circulating in North Macedonia. The phylogenetic analysis showed that most of the viral genomes were closely related and clustered in four distinctive lineages, B.1, B.1.1.7, B.1.351 and B.1.617.2. A statistically significant difference was observed in the 2C_1 haplotype (p=0.0013), where 10.5% of the patients were hospitalized due to severe clinical condition. By employing genetic sequencing, coupled with epidemiological investigations, we investigated viral distribution patterns, identified emerging variants and detected vaccine breakthrough infections. The present work is the first molecular study giving a comprehensive overview of the genetic landscape of circulating SARS-CoV-2 viruses in North Macedonia in a period of two years.
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Bremmers LGM, Hakkaart-van Roijen L, Gräler ES, Uyl-de Groot CA, Fabbricotti IN. How Do Shifts in Patients with Mental Health Problems' Formal and Informal Care Utilization Affect Informal Caregivers?: A COVID-19 Case Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:16425. [PMID: 36554308 PMCID: PMC9778175 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192416425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
(1) Background: This study investigated how potential shifts in patients' formal and informal care utilization during the COVID-19 pandemic impacted their informal caregivers in terms of their subjective burden, psychological wellbeing, and happiness. (2) Methods: A retrospective cohort study design was employed for a panel of Dutch informal caregivers of persons with mental health problems (n = 219) in June 2020. Descriptive statistics and differences between means were determined for the patients' informal and care utilization and informal caregivers' subjective burden, happiness, and psychological wellbeing. Three mediation analyses were conducted using the PROCESS macro. (3) Results: Informal caregivers reported significantly worse happiness and subjective burden scores during the COVID-19 pandemic compared with before the lockdown. There were minimal shifts in patient's care utilization reported, with the exception of a decrease in significant emotional and practical support provided by the informal caregiver. In the mediation analyses, there was not a significant indirect effect of shifts in patients' formal care utilization on informal caregivers' subjective burden, psychological wellbeing, and happiness through shifts in patients' informal care utilization. (4) Discussion and conclusion: Whilst we found that shifts in patients' care utilization during the first wave of the pandemic did not affect the informal caregiver in the short term, it is unclear what the long-term impact of the pandemic might be on informal caregivers. More research should be conducted to understand the implications of short- and long-term impact of substitution on informal caregivers of persons with mental health problems, with special consideration of the COVID-19 context and uptake of e-health technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonarda G. M. Bremmers
- Erasmus School of Health Policy and Management, Erasmus University Rotterdam, P.O. Box 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Leona Hakkaart-van Roijen
- Erasmus School of Health Policy and Management, Erasmus University Rotterdam, P.O. Box 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eleonora S. Gräler
- Erasmus School of Health Policy and Management, Erasmus University Rotterdam, P.O. Box 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Carin A. Uyl-de Groot
- Erasmus School of Health Policy and Management, Erasmus University Rotterdam, P.O. Box 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Isabelle N. Fabbricotti
- Erasmus School of Health Policy and Management, Erasmus University Rotterdam, P.O. Box 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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11
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Chadha J, Khullar L, Gulati P, Chhibber S, Harjai K. Insights into the Monkeypox virus: making of another pandemic within the pandemic? Environ Microbiol 2022; 24:4547-4560. [PMID: 35974453 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Just when the world started to adapt to the 'new normal' amid the coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic, the world is witnessing the wrath of another viral disease, the monkeypox virus (MPXV). The virus is endemic to African countries, where several outbreaks have been reported in the past. However, the present cases have been reported in non-endemic countries worldwide. Although MPX is considered to be a self-limiting disease, recent reports on its incidence have proved otherwise. The 2022 multi-country MPX outbreak has drawn the attention of global surveillance organizations and epidemiologists to trace its origin, however, there are existing gaps regarding the animal reservoirs, biological implications, and management of MPX. In view of the recent events, the World Health Organization (WHO) has also declared the ongoing MPX outbreak a global health emergency. Hence, the geographically expanding MPXV poses a significant threat to human health and public safety. In this review, the latest insights into the biology of MPXV have been provided by discussing its biological implications on human health, changing epidemiological footprint, and presently available intervention strategies. This review also sheds light on the existing lacunas and possible reasons that may have been responsible for the ongoing MPX outbreak. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jatin Chadha
- Department of Microbiology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Lavanya Khullar
- Department of Microbiology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Pallavi Gulati
- Department of Microbiology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - Sanjay Chhibber
- Department of Microbiology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Kusum Harjai
- Department of Microbiology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
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12
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Lal R, Singh BK, Sar P, Phale P. The assessment of microbial ecology: a special emphasis on the Indian scenario. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2022; 14:325-329. [PMID: 35362197 DOI: 10.1111/1758-2229.13067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rup Lal
- The Energy & Resources Institute, New Delhi, 110003, India
| | - Brajesh K Singh
- Global Centre for Land-Based Innovation, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Pinaki Sar
- Environmental Microbiology and Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India
| | - Prashant Phale
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India
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13
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Mendiola-Pastrana IR, López-Ortiz E, Río de la Loza-Zamora JG, González J, Gómez-García A, López-Ortiz G. SARS-CoV-2 Variants and Clinical Outcomes: A Systematic Review. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12020170. [PMID: 35207458 PMCID: PMC8879159 DOI: 10.3390/life12020170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: From the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, new SARS-CoV-2 variants have emerged that potentially affect transmissibility, severity, and immune evasion in infected individuals. In the present systematic review, the impact of different SARS-CoV-2 variants on clinical outcomes is analyzed. Methods: A systematic review was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020. Two databases (PubMed and ScienceDirect) were searched for original articles published from 1 January 2020 to 23 November 2021. The articles that met the selection criteria were appraised according to the Newcastle–Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale. Results: Thirty-three articles were included, involving a total of 253,209 patients and 188,944 partial or complete SARS-CoV-2 sequences. The most reported SARS-CoV-2 variants showed changes in the spike protein, N protein, RdRp and NSP3. In 28 scenarios, SARS-CoV-2 variants were found to be associated with a mild to severe or even fatal clinical outcome, 15 articles reported such association to be statistically significant. Adjustments in eight of them were made for age, sex and other covariates. Conclusions: SARS-CoV-2 variants can potentially have an impact on clinical outcomes; future studies focused on this topic should consider several covariates that influence the clinical course of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indira R. Mendiola-Pastrana
- Subdivisión de Medicina Familiar, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico 04510, Mexico; (I.R.M.-P.); (E.L.-O.); (J.G.R.d.l.L.-Z.)
| | - Eduardo López-Ortiz
- Subdivisión de Medicina Familiar, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico 04510, Mexico; (I.R.M.-P.); (E.L.-O.); (J.G.R.d.l.L.-Z.)
| | - José G. Río de la Loza-Zamora
- Subdivisión de Medicina Familiar, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico 04510, Mexico; (I.R.M.-P.); (E.L.-O.); (J.G.R.d.l.L.-Z.)
| | - James González
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico 04510, Mexico;
| | - Anel Gómez-García
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Michoacán, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Morelia 58351, Mexico;
| | - Geovani López-Ortiz
- Subdivisión de Medicina Familiar, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico 04510, Mexico; (I.R.M.-P.); (E.L.-O.); (J.G.R.d.l.L.-Z.)
- Correspondence:
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14
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Khullar L, Harjai K, Chhibber S. Exploring the therapeutic potential of staphylococcal phage formulations: Current challenges and applications in phage therapy. J Appl Microbiol 2022; 132:3515-3532. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.15462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lavanya Khullar
- Department of Microbiology Panjab University Chandigarh India
| | - Kusum Harjai
- Department of Microbiology Panjab University Chandigarh India
| | - Sanjay Chhibber
- Department of Microbiology Panjab University Chandigarh India
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15
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Zhang M, Liang Y, Yu D, Du B, Cheng W, Li L, Yu Z, Luo S, Zhang Y, Wang H, Zhang X, Zhang W. A systematic review of Vaccine Breakthrough Infections by SARS-CoV-2 Delta Variant. Int J Biol Sci 2022; 18:889-900. [PMID: 35002532 PMCID: PMC8741840 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.68973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccines are proving to be highly effective in controlling hospitalization and deaths associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, as shown by clinical trials and real-world evidence. However, a deadly second wave of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), infected by SARS-CoV-2 variants, especially the Delta (B.1.617.2) variant, with an increased number of post-vaccination breakthrough infections were reported in the world recently. Actually, Delta variant not only resulted in a severe surge of vaccine breakthrough infections which was accompanied with high viral load and transmissibility, but also challenged the development of effective vaccines. Therefore, the biological characteristics and epidemiological profile of Delta variant, the current status of Delta variant vaccine breakthrough infections and the mechanism of vaccine breakthrough infections were discussed in this article. In addition, the significant role of the Delta variant spike (S) protein in the mechanism of immune escape of SARS-CoV-2 was highlighted in this article. In particular, we further discussed key points on the future SARS-CoV-2 vaccine research and development, hoping to make a contribution to the early, accurate and rapid control of the COVID-19 epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxin Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Children's Genetics and Metabolic Diseases, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450018, China
| | - Ying Liang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Children's Genetics and Metabolic Diseases, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450018, China
| | - Dongsheng Yu
- Department of Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Bang Du
- Henan Key Laboratory of Children's Genetics and Metabolic Diseases, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450018, China
| | - Weyland Cheng
- Henan Key Laboratory of Children's Genetics and Metabolic Diseases, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450018, China
| | - Lifeng Li
- Henan Key Laboratory of Children's Genetics and Metabolic Diseases, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450018, China
| | - Zhidan Yu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Children's Genetics and Metabolic Diseases, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450018, China
| | - Shuying Luo
- Henan Key Laboratory of Children's Genetics and Metabolic Diseases, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450018, China
| | - Yaodong Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Children's Genetics and Metabolic Diseases, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450018, China
| | - Huanmin Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Children's Genetics and Metabolic Diseases, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450018, China
| | - Xianwei Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Children's Genetics and Metabolic Diseases, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450018, China
| | - Wancun Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Children's Genetics and Metabolic Diseases, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450018, China
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16
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Chadha J, Harjai K, Chhibber S. Repurposing phytochemicals as anti-virulent agents to attenuate quorum sensing-regulated virulence factors and biofilm formation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Microb Biotechnol 2021; 15:1695-1718. [PMID: 34843159 PMCID: PMC9151347 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Unregulated consumption and overexploitation of antibiotics have paved the way for emergence of antibiotic‐resistant strains and ‘superbugs’. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is among the opportunistic nosocomial pathogens causing devastating infections in clinical set‐ups globally. Its artillery equipped with diversified virulence elements, extensive antibiotic resistance and biofilms has made it a ‘hard‐to‐treat’ pathogen. The pathogenicity of P. aeruginosa is modulated by an intricate cell density‐dependent mechanism called quorum sensing (QS). The virulence artillery of P. aeruginosa is firmly controlled by QS genes, and their expression drives the aggressiveness of the infection. Attempts to identify and develop novel antimicrobials have seen a sharp rise in the past decade. Among different proposed mechanisms, a novel anti‐virulence approach to target pseudomonal infections by virtue of anti‐QS and anti‐biofilm drugs appears to occupy the centre stage. In this respect, bioactive phytochemicals have gained prominence among the scientific community owing to their significant quorum quenching (QQ) properties. Recent studies have shed light on the QQ activities of various phytochemicals and other drugs in perturbing the QS‐dependent virulence in P. aeruginosa. This review highlights the recent evidences that reinforce the application of plant bioactives for combating pseudomonal infections, their advantages and shortcomings in anti‐virulence therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jatin Chadha
- Department of Microbiology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Kusum Harjai
- Department of Microbiology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Sanjay Chhibber
- Department of Microbiology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
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17
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Bai W, Gu Y, Liu H, Zhou L. Epidemiology Features and Effectiveness of Vaccination and Non-Pharmaceutical Interventions of Delta and Lambda SARS-CoV-2 Variants. China CDC Wkly 2021; 3:977-982. [PMID: 34804631 PMCID: PMC8598544 DOI: 10.46234/ccdcw2021.216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Wenqing Bai
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Gu
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Haoliang Liu
- Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
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18
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Ganz TJ, Donner R, Hines KM, Waithe-Alleyne ML, Slate DL, Abel G, Auclair JR. Two-Stage Hierarchical Group Testing Strategy to Increase SARS-CoV-2 Testing Capacity at an Institution of Higher Education: A Retrospective Analysis. J Mol Diagn 2021; 23:1691-1698. [PMID: 34562617 PMCID: PMC8457909 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmoldx.2021.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Population testing for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 is necessary because of the potential for viral transmission from asymptomatic cases, yet the scarcity of reagents and equipment has increased the cost-prohibitive implementation of screening campaigns at institutions of higher education. Significant analytical sensitivities of nucleic acid amplification methods permit sample pooling to increase testing capacity. Statistical models compared optimal testing configurations for pools of 3, 5, and 10 samples. Assessment of pooling using the TaqPath COVID-19 Combo Kit multiplex assay (ORF1ab, N, and S gene targets) involved a limit-of-detection study, matrix-effect study, and clinical comparison of neat with pooled samples. A limit of detection of 135.02 (ORF1ab; 95% CI, 117.21-155.52), 373.92 (N; 95% CI, 257.05-437.64), and 1001.32 (S; 95% CI, 896.62-1118.33) gene copy equivalents per milliliter was resolved. Seventy-two randomly selected samples showed slight suppression owing to a negative sample matrix. The resulting mean cycle threshold shifts were 2.09 (ORF1ab), 1.76 (N), and 2.31 (S) for the 3-sample pool, 2.83 (ORF1ab), 2.45 (N), and 3.24 (S) for the 5-sample pool, and 3.99 (ORF1ab), 3.46 (N), and 4.07 (S) for the 10-sample pool. Despite a quantitative sensitivity loss trend, the qualitative result was unaffected in each pool. According to the range of disease prevalence observed at the testing site (0.03% to 7.32%), a pool of five samples was deemed an optimal and cost-effective option for monitoring the Northeastern University community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Troy J Ganz
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Life Sciences Testing Center, Northeastern University Innovation Campus in Burlington, Burlington, Massachusetts
| | - Rachel Donner
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Life Sciences Testing Center, Northeastern University Innovation Campus in Burlington, Burlington, Massachusetts
| | - Kevin M Hines
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Life Sciences Testing Center, Northeastern University Innovation Campus in Burlington, Burlington, Massachusetts
| | - Markus L Waithe-Alleyne
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Life Sciences Testing Center, Northeastern University Innovation Campus in Burlington, Burlington, Massachusetts
| | - Deirdre L Slate
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Life Sciences Testing Center, Northeastern University Innovation Campus in Burlington, Burlington, Massachusetts
| | - Gyorgy Abel
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Life Sciences Testing Center, Northeastern University Innovation Campus in Burlington, Burlington, Massachusetts; Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Burlington, Massachusetts.
| | - Jared R Auclair
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Life Sciences Testing Center, Northeastern University Innovation Campus in Burlington, Burlington, Massachusetts.
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