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Beidler I, Steinke N, Schulze T, Sidhu C, Bartosik D, Zühlke MK, Martin LT, Krull J, Dutschei T, Ferrero-Bordera B, Rielicke J, Kale V, Sura T, Trautwein-Schult A, Kirstein IV, Wiltshire KH, Teeling H, Becher D, Bengtsson MM, Hehemann JH, Bornscheuer UT, Amann RI, Schweder T. Alpha-glucans from bacterial necromass indicate an intra-population loop within the marine carbon cycle. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4048. [PMID: 38744821 PMCID: PMC11093988 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48301-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Phytoplankton blooms provoke bacterioplankton blooms, from which bacterial biomass (necromass) is released via increased zooplankton grazing and viral lysis. While bacterial consumption of algal biomass during blooms is well-studied, little is known about the concurrent recycling of these substantial amounts of bacterial necromass. We demonstrate that bacterial biomass, such as bacterial alpha-glucan storage polysaccharides, generated from the consumption of algal organic matter, is reused and thus itself a major bacterial carbon source in vitro and during a diatom-dominated bloom. We highlight conserved enzymes and binding proteins of dominant bloom-responder clades that are presumably involved in the recycling of bacterial alpha-glucan by members of the bacterial community. We furthermore demonstrate that the corresponding protein machineries can be specifically induced by extracted alpha-glucan-rich bacterial polysaccharide extracts. This recycling of bacterial necromass likely constitutes a large-scale intra-population energy conservation mechanism that keeps substantial amounts of carbon in a dedicated part of the microbial loop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irena Beidler
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Greifswald, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Nicola Steinke
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, 28359, Bremen, Germany
- University of Bremen, Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, MARUM, 28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - Tim Schulze
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Greifswald, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Chandni Sidhu
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, 28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - Daniel Bartosik
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Greifswald, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Marie-Katherin Zühlke
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Greifswald, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Laura Torres Martin
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Greifswald, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Joris Krull
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Greifswald, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, 28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - Theresa Dutschei
- Biotechnology and Enzyme Catalysis, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Borja Ferrero-Bordera
- Microbial Proteomics, Institute of Microbiology, University of Greifswald, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Julia Rielicke
- Microbial Proteomics, Institute of Microbiology, University of Greifswald, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Vaikhari Kale
- Microbial Proteomics, Institute of Microbiology, University of Greifswald, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Thomas Sura
- Microbial Proteomics, Institute of Microbiology, University of Greifswald, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Anke Trautwein-Schult
- Microbial Proteomics, Institute of Microbiology, University of Greifswald, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Inga V Kirstein
- Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Biologische Anstalt Helgoland, 27483, Helgoland, Germany
| | - Karen H Wiltshire
- Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Biologische Anstalt Helgoland, 27483, Helgoland, Germany
| | - Hanno Teeling
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, 28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - Dörte Becher
- Microbial Proteomics, Institute of Microbiology, University of Greifswald, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Mia Maria Bengtsson
- Microbial Physiology and Molecular Biology, Institute of Microbiology, University of Greifswald, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Jan-Hendrik Hehemann
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, 28359, Bremen, Germany
- University of Bremen, Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, MARUM, 28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - Uwe T Bornscheuer
- Biotechnology and Enzyme Catalysis, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Rudolf I Amann
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, 28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - Thomas Schweder
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Greifswald, 17489, Greifswald, Germany.
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, 17489, Greifswald, Germany.
- Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Biologische Anstalt Helgoland, 27483, Helgoland, Germany.
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