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Kawasaki M, Nishiura Y, Mizuno J, Inoue T. Provision status of assistive products for cognition to older adults with cognitive impairment among rehabilitation therapists. Disabil Rehabil Assist Technol 2024; 19:2010-2016. [PMID: 37560943 DOI: 10.1080/17483107.2023.2244977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the provision and need for assistive products for older adults with cognitive impairment among rehabilitation therapists, identify any unmet needs, and analyze current issues in providing such products. METHODS We conducted a questionnaire survey with rehabilitation therapists involved in selecting and providing assistive products for cognitive function in older adults with cognitive impairments. Questionnaires comprising ten items about the experience and need for cognitive assistive products were sent to 300 facilities for older adults in Japan between January and February 2021. One hundred thirty-five responses were received. RESULTS The mean age of the participants was 39.5 ± SD7.1. There were 70 females, 64 males, and one unanswered questionnaire. In total, 72 (53.3%) of the 135 therapists had introduced or provided assistive products to their patients. The most frequently provided products were for safety and security; some were provided to support memory and orientation. 86% of therapists did not use the insurance system to provide them. The survey showed that most participants with experience providing assistive products needed information on the available resources. CONCLUSIONS Although the need for assistive products for cognition is increasing, they are not sufficiently supplied in caring for older adults with cognitive impairment. Their availability differed depending on the assistive product type. It is necessary to have an effective social insurance system and access to up-to-date information to provide appropriate assistive products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megumi Kawasaki
- Department of Assistive Technology, Research Institute, National Rehabilitation Center for Persons with Disabilities, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Yuko Nishiura
- Occupational Therapy Sciences, Department of Integrated Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Jumpei Mizuno
- Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takenobu Inoue
- Department of Assistive Technology, Research Institute, National Rehabilitation Center for Persons with Disabilities, Tokorozawa, Japan
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Lu Q, Lv H, Liu X, Zang L, Zhang Y, Meng Q. Lithium Therapy's Potential to Lower Dementia Risk and the Prevalence of Alzheimer's Disease: A Meta-Analysis. Eur Neurol 2024; 87:93-104. [PMID: 38657568 DOI: 10.1159/000538846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dementia is a neurodegenerative disease with insidious onset and progressive progression, of which the most common type is Alzheimer's disease (AD). Lithium, a trace element in the body, has neuroprotective properties. However, whether lithium can treat dementia or AD remains a highly controversial topic. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis. METHODS A systematic literature review was conducted on PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science. Comparison of the effects of lithium on AD or dementia in terms of use, duration, and dosage, and meta-analysis to test whether lithium therapy is beneficial in ameliorating the onset of dementia or AD. Sensitivity analyses were performed using a stepwise exclusion method. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) was used to assess the quality of included studies. We determined the relative risk (RR) between patient groups using a random-effects model. RESULTS A total of seven studies were included. The forest plot results showed that taking lithium therapy reduced the risk of AD (RR 0.59, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.44-0.78) and is also protective in reducing the risk of dementia (RR 0.66, 95% CI: 0.56-0.77). The duration of lithium therapy was able to affect dementia incidence (RR 0.70, 95% CI: 0.55-0.88); however, it is unclear how this effect might manifest in AD. It is also uncertain how many prescriptions for lithium treatment lower the chance of dementia development. CONCLUSION The duration of treatment and the usage of lithium therapy seem to lower the risk of AD and postpone the onset of dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuying Lu
- School of Nursing, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Huijing Lv
- School of Nursing, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Xiaotong Liu
- School of Nursing, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Lili Zang
- School of Nursing, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- School of Nursing, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Qinghui Meng
- School of Nursing, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, China
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Walsh K, Urbaniak A. Social exclusion and critical transitions in later life: Trajectories, forms and mechanisms. J Aging Stud 2023; 65:101137. [PMID: 37268382 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaging.2023.101137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Unequal ageing patterns are increasingly prevalent within the life courses of heterogeneous older populations. Critical transitions in later life may contribute to these patterns and to more multifaceted deep-rooted forms of social exclusion. Yet despite significant research in this area, knowledge gaps remain regarding the subjective experiences of these transitions, the trajectories and constituent events of these transitions, and the related mechanisms that may drive exclusion. With a focus on lived experience, this article aims to investigate the role of critical life transitions in older age in constructing multidimensional social exclusion. The onset of dementia, bereavement of a significant other, and forced migration are selected as three illustrative transitions in older age. Based on 39 in-depth life-course interviews and life-path analyses, the study sets out to illuminate common features of the transitional process that increases exclusion susceptibility, and the potential commonalities regarding transition-related exclusionary mechanisms. Transition trajectories related to each of the transitions are first described identifying shared exclusionary risk features. Transition-related mechanisms that can generate multidimensional social exclusion are then presented as arising from a transition's nature and character, its structural and management aspects, and its symbolic and normative positioning. Findings are discussed with reference to the international literature and future conceptualisation of social exclusion in later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kieran Walsh
- Irish Centre for Social Gerontology, Institute for Life-course and Society, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland.
| | - Anna Urbaniak
- Irish Centre for Social Gerontology, Institute for Life-course and Society, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland; Instytut Socjologii, Uniwersytet Jagielloński, Kraków, Polska.
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Perry J. Challenges of anticipation of future decisions in dementia and dementia research. HISTORY AND PHILOSOPHY OF THE LIFE SCIENCES 2022; 44:62. [PMID: 36376514 PMCID: PMC9663374 DOI: 10.1007/s40656-022-00541-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Anticipation of future decisions can be important for individuals at risk for diseases to maintain autonomy over time. For future treatment and care decisions, advance care planning is accepted as a useful anticipation tool. As research with persons with dementia seems imperative to develop disease-modifying interventions, and with changing regulations regarding research participation in Germany, advance research directives (ARDs) are considered a solution to include persons with dementia in research in an ethically sound manner. However, little is known about what affected people deem anticipatable.This contribution provides a critical reflection of the literature on anticipation and of a qualitative study on the assessment of ARDs with persons with cognitive impairment in Germany. It combines theoretical and empirical reflections to inform the ethical-legal discourse.Anticipation involves the conceptual separation of the past, the present, and the future. Including dimensions such as preparedness, injunction, and optimization helps in establishing a framework for anticipatory decision-making. While dementia may offer a window of time to consider future decisions, individual beliefs about dementia including fears about stigma, loss of personhood, and solitude strongly impact anticipating sentiments. Concepts of anticipation can be useful for the examination of uncertainty, changing values, needs, and preferences interconnected with the dementia trajectory and can serve as a means to make an uncertain future more concrete. However, fears of losing one's autonomy in the process of dementia also apply to possibilities of anticipation as these require cognitive assessment and reassessment of an imagined future with dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Perry
- Department of Medical Ethics and History of Medicine, University Medical Center Göttingen, Humboldtallee 36, 37073, Göttingen, Germany.
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5
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Lajeunesse A. Prise de décision, répartition des ressources médicales et personnes âgées en contexte de COVID-19 : une anthropologie de et pour la bioéthique. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF BIOETHICS 2022. [DOI: 10.7202/1094692ar] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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Scambler S, Curtis S, Manthorpe J, Samsi K, Rooney YM, Gallagher JE. The mouth and oral health in the field of dementia. Health (London) 2021; 27:540-558. [PMID: 34727785 DOI: 10.1177/13634593211049891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
An ageing population, an estimated 47 million people currently living with dementia, and predictions of a threefold increase in people living with a diagnosis by 2050 have led the WHO to declare dementia a public health priority. Emerging research also suggests that dementia is linked to poor oral health and that oral health declines alongside cognitive decline. Drawing on Bourdieu's concepts of field and capital, this paper presents an analysis of interview data from participants with dementia, carers and carer/diagnosed dyads participating in a qualitative study of the mouth and oral health. We argue that Bourdieu's conceptual toolkit provides a way of contextualising experiences of oral health within dementia and un-picking the multi-layered impact of structure, institutions, biology, resource mobilisation and self in the context of a progressive disease which ultimately challenges knowledge of the self and the ability to interact with the world around us.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yvonne M Rooney
- Community Special Care Dentistry, UK.,King's Dental Institute, UK.,Teddington Community Dental Clinic, UK.,Kingston Hospital, London, UK
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Brenman N, Milne R. Lived time and the affordances of clinical research participation. SOCIOLOGY OF HEALTH & ILLNESS 2021; 43:2031-2048. [PMID: 34564872 DOI: 10.1111/1467-9566.13374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this article, we address the problem of participation and the dominant focus on motivations in clinical research. We explore participation as a relational mode of 'being in time' in Alzheimer's dementia prevention-a field profoundly shaped by changing bodies through time, as well as promissory trends towards future-oriented preventative medicine. Analysis of interviews with older adults in a clinical trial platform demonstrates that what research 'does' or might (not) 'do' for participants emerges as temporalities of participants' everyday lives become entangled with the possibilities, constraints and demands of biomedical 'research time'. As well as consistent desires to help (future) others, we identify incidental possibilities for care that emerged from continued research participation. We argue that longitudinal research participation can productively be understood as a set of evolving affordances: whereby differing limits and possibilities for care and agency emerge in a world where dementia cannot be cured. Future trial participation is considered in terms of 'therapeutic affordances', which are likely to fluctuate as certain lived or imagined futures unfold. As such, we open up a conceptual space to think about why, how, and critically, when participation happens, as it emerges in relation to lived times of ageing and everyday life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natassia Brenman
- Department of Sociology, Goldsmiths, University of London, London, UK
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Richard Milne
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Society and Ethics Research, Wellcome Connecting Science, Cambridge, UK
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Dementia in Media Coverage: A Comparative Analysis of Two Online Newspapers across Time. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph181910539. [PMID: 34639840 PMCID: PMC8508449 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph181910539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The news media, specifically online newspapers, is one of the powerful transmitters of discourse due to its rapid accessibility that contributes to social beliefs and attitudes that often shape our perceptions on dementia and Alzheimer’s disease. The media portrayal of dementia is largely heterogeneous, but there is certainly an association between the influence of online news coverage and the social perceptions of dementia that need to be understood more broadly. In this study, we examined the portrayal of dementia in two online newspapers (The New York Times and The Guardian) that might have an influence on dementia discourse by comparing the content and form of the news coverage on dementia across time. This study was guided by three interconnected theoretical understandings: cultivation theory, agenda-setting theory, and spiral of silence theory. A total of 291 published articles featuring dementia from 2014 to 2019 were included in this study and a content analysis of the articles provided insight into the dementia-related news coverage. Our results showed that both newspapers have a decreasing trend in publishing articles related to dementia over time. In addition, dementia-related (modifiable) risk factors as principal news content was significantly associated with the year of publication. Despite a weak association between story categories and newspapers, the majority of articles reported preventive measures as the main story category. Although both newspapers featured more articles with a less negative tone across time when reporting on dementia, derogative wording, as discourse, was commonly used to address the illness. We have provided some insight into understanding how online newspapers potentially affect subjective representations of dementia as well as perpetuate dementia discourse. Finally, we suggest that future study may benefit from establishing a linkage between the depiction of dementia in online newspapers and the contextualization of dementia within cultures.
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Steenfeldt VØ, Aagerup LC, Jacobsen AH, Skjødt U. Becoming a Family Caregiver to a Person With Dementia: A Literature Review on the Needs of Family Caregivers. SAGE Open Nurs 2021; 7:23779608211029073. [PMID: 35155770 PMCID: PMC8832314 DOI: 10.1177/23779608211029073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The dementia disease affects both the family caregivers’ health and
social and psychological well-being. The aim of this review was
to identify and describe the needs of family caregivers living
with a person with dementia at home. Method The literature review, conducted using the matrix method, was also
inspired by Thomas and Harden’s thematic synthesis. Results Three themes were identified: (1) the family caregiver’s new roles
and relationships; (2) caregiver burdens; and (3) the
caregiver’s need for information and support. Conclusion When family caregivers gradually lose their reciprocal relationship
with the person with dementia, and sometimes also with family
and friends, the need for other kinds of social contact arises
e.g. with others in a similar situation. They also need to have
some respite to provide room to pursue their own interests and
take care of their own health. Also, a high level of
individually tailored information is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ulla Skjødt
- Center for Nursing, University College Absalon, Roskilde, Denmark
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10
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Roth AR. Social networks and health in later life: a state of the literature. SOCIOLOGY OF HEALTH & ILLNESS 2020; 42:1642-1656. [PMID: 32643785 DOI: 10.1111/1467-9566.13155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Late life is a period frequently marked by decline in personal health and heightened need for social support. Consequently, the social networks in which individuals are embedded assume an increasingly central role in the health and wellbeing of older adults. In the present article, I review the state of the literature on social networks and health in later life. By drawing on insights from the sociology of ageing and the life course, I address new developments and current challenges within the field. Chief among these developments and challenges is the recognition that the ageing process does not occur in a vacuum. Rather, individuals are consistently exposed to numerous changes to their social lives which have strong implications for current and future health outcomes. Upon highlighting the latest innovations within the field of networks and health, I conclude with useful directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam R Roth
- Department of Sociology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
- Indiana University Network Science Institute, Bloomington, IN, USA
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Vice S. 'Never forget': fictionalising the Holocaust survivor with dementia. MEDICAL HUMANITIES 2020; 46:107-114. [PMID: 32321786 DOI: 10.1136/medhum-2019-011782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This article asks what the reasons are for the frequent linking of the image of the Holocaust with that of dementia in contemporary discursive and representational practice. In doing so, it analyses some of the numerous 21st-century examples of fiction, drama and film in which the figure of a Holocaust survivor living with dementia takes centre stage. It explores the contradictory cultural effects that arise from making such a connection, in contexts that include expressions of fear at the spectacle of dementia, as well as comparisons between the person living with that condition and the inmate of a concentration camp. Detailed consideration of novels by Jillian Cantor and Harriet Scott Chessman as well as a play by Michel Wallenstein and a film by Josh Appignanesi suggests that the fictions of this kind can appear to provide solace for the impending loss of the eyewitness generation, yet also offer potential for a model for caregiving practice to those living with dementia in broader terms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sue Vice
- School of English, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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12
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Mythical dementia and Alzheimerised senility: discrepant and intersecting representations of cognitive decline in later life. SOCIAL THEORY & HEALTH 2019. [DOI: 10.1057/s41285-019-00117-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Gjernes T, Måseide P. Framing and scaffolding as relational caregiving in an institution for people living with dementia. J Aging Stud 2019; 49:39-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaging.2019.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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The ideology of ageism versus the social imaginary of the fourth age: two differing approaches to the negative contexts of old age. AGEING & SOCIETY 2019. [DOI: 10.1017/s0144686x19000096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe development of social gerontology has led to the emergence of its own terminology and conceptual armoury. ‘Ageism’ has been a key concept in articulating the mission of gerontology and was deliberately intended to act as an equivalent to the concepts of racism and sexism. As a term, it has established itself as a lodestone for thinking about the de-valued and residualised social status of older people in contemporary society. Given this background, ageism has often been used to describe an overarching ideology that operates in society to the detriment of older people and which in large part explains their economic, social and cultural marginality. This paper critiques this approach and suggests an alternative based upon the idea of the social imaginary of the fourth age. It argues that not only is the idea of ageism too totalising and contradictory but that it fails to address key aspects of the corporeality of old age. Adopting the idea of a social imaginary offers a more nuanced theoretical approach to the tensions that are present in later life without reducing them to a single external cause or explanation. In so doing, this leaves the term free to serve, in a purely descriptive manner, as a marker of prejudice.
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Abstract
UNLABELLED ABSTRACTObjectives:There is an increasing evidence that reminiscence therapy is effective in improving cognitive functions and reducing depressive symptoms in people with dementia. Life story books (LSBs) are frequently used as a reminiscence tool to support recollecting autobiographical memories. As little is known about how LSBs are used and what type of studies have been employed to evaluate LSB interventions, we conducted a systematic review. METHODS The electronic databases Scopus, PubMed, and PsychINFO as well as reference lists of existing studies were searched to select eligible articles. Out of the 55 studies found, 14 met the inclusion criterion of an original empirical study on LSBs in people with dementia. RESULTS The majority of the LSBs were tangible books, although some digital applications were also found. The LSBs were created mostly in individual sessions in nursing homes with a median of six sessions. Some studies only focused on the person with dementia, while others also examined (in)formal caregivers. Most studies used qualitative interviews, case studies, and/or (pilot) randomized controlled trial (RCTs) with small sample sizes. Qualitative findings showed the value of LSBs in triggering memories and in improving the relation with the person with dementia. Quantitative effects were found on, e.g. autobiographical memory and depression of persons with dementia, quality of relationship with informal caregivers, burden of informal caregivers, and on attitudes and knowledge of formal caregivers. CONCLUSIONS This systematic review confirms that the use of LSBs to support reminiscence and person-centered care is promising, but larger RCTs or implementation studies are needed to establish the effects of LSBs on people with dementia.
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Milne R, Diaz A, Badger S, Bunnik E, Fauria K, Wells K. At, with and beyond risk: expectations of living with the possibility of future dementia. SOCIOLOGY OF HEALTH & ILLNESS 2018; 40:969-987. [PMID: 29659032 DOI: 10.1111/1467-9566.12731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Biomedical research aimed at the development of therapies for chronic and late-onset conditions increasingly concentrates on the early treatment of symptom-less disease. This broad trend is evidenced in prominent shifts in contemporary dementia research. Revised diagnostic criteria and new approaches to clinical trials propose a focus on earlier stages of disease and prompt concerns about the implications of communicating test results associated with the risk of developing dementia when no effective treatments are available. This article examines expectations of the implications of learning test results related to dementia risk, based on focus group research conducted in the UK and Spain. It points to the extended social and temporal aspects of the dementia risk experience. Three key dimensions of this risk experience are elaborated: living 'at risk', represented in efforts to reduce risk and plan for the future; 'with risk', through vigilance towards cognitive health and earlier or prolonged contact with healthcare services; and finally, 'beyond risk' through a cessation of the self in its current social, legal and financial form. A virtual abstract of this paper can be viewed at: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC_979cmCmR9rLrKuD7z0ycA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Milne
- Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge, UK
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