1
|
The Hospital Readmissions Reduction Program's Impact on Readmissions From Skilled Nursing Facilities. J Healthc Manag 2020; 64:186-196. [PMID: 31999269 DOI: 10.1097/jhm-d-18-00035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Hospital readmissions have long served as an indicator of patient recovery and the effectiveness of care. The present study examines the Hospital Readmissions Reduction Program's (HRRP's) impact on hospital readmissions from skilled nursing facilities (SNFs) and the characteristics of SNFs that were predictive of lower readmission rates. Adjusted 30-day readmission rates among 14,666 SNFs in the United States from 2011 through 2015 were examined using linear regression with generalized estimating equations to determine the relationship of the HRRP mandate to readmission rates from SNFs. Findings indicate a significant downward trend in adjusted 30-day readmission rates over time, decreasing 1.4% from 2011 to 2015. Furthermore, lower readmission rates were associated with SNF characteristics including location in a hospital facility, rural designation, higher registered nurse-to-nurse ratios, and not-for-profit status. We found a substantial decrease in SNF-related readmissions associated with HRRP, which may limit the impact of the Protecting Access to Medicare Act. Policy-makers may consider these systemic and structural differences before drafting future legislation targeting hospital readmission from SNFs. In addition, acute care facility operators who do not have an SNF may consider adding one to their facility and/or consider partnering with SNFs to ensure that high-quality programs in these SNFs are in place to reduce 30-day readmissions to the acute care facilities.
Collapse
|
2
|
Roshanghalb A, Mazzali C, Lettieri E. Composite Outcomes of Mortality and Readmission in Patients with Heart Failure: Retrospective Review of Administrative Datasets. J Multidiscip Healthc 2020; 13:539-547. [PMID: 32612362 PMCID: PMC7322138 DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s255206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Controlling the quality of care through readmissions and mortality for patients with heart failure (HF) is a national priority for healthcare regulators in developed countries. In this longitudinal cohort study, using administrative data such as hospital discharge forms (HDFs), emergency departments (EDs) accesses, and vital statistics, we test new covariates for predicting mortality and readmissions of patients hospitalized for HF and discuss the use of combined outcome as an alternative. Methods Logistic models, with a stepwise selection method, were estimated on 70% of the sample and validated on the remaining 30% to evaluate 30-day mortality, 30-day readmissions, and the combined outcome. We followed an extraction method for any-cause mortality and unplanned readmission within 30 days after incident HF hospitalization. Data on patient admission and previous history were extracted by HDFs and ED dataset. Results Our principal findings demonstrate that the model’s discriminant ability is consistent with literature both for mortality (AUC=0.738, CI (0.729–0.748)) and readmissions (AUC=0.578, CI (0.562–0.594)). Additionally, the discriminant ability of the composite outcome model is satisfactory (AUC=0.675, CI (0.666–0.684)). Conclusion Hospitalization characteristics and patient history introduced in the logistic models do not improve their discriminant ability. The composite outcome prediction is led more by mortality than readmission, without improvements for the comprehension of the readmission phenomenon.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Afsaneh Roshanghalb
- Department of Management, Economics & Industrial Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Emanuele Lettieri
- Department of Management, Economics & Industrial Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yakusheva O, Needleman J, Bettencourt AP, Buerhaus PI. Is it time to peek under the hood of system-level approaches to quality and safety? Nurs Outlook 2020; 68:141-144. [PMID: 31973877 DOI: 10.1016/j.outlook.2019.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Olga Yakusheva
- School of Nursing and School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.
| | - Jack Needleman
- UCLA Center for Health Policy Research, University of California, CA.
| | - Amanda P Bettencourt
- School of Nursing, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; TACTICAL and National Clinician Scholar, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Stallings-Smith S, Hamadi HY, Peterson BN, Apatu EJI, Spaulding AC. Smoke-Free Policies and 30-Day Readmission Rates for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Am J Prev Med 2019; 57:621-628. [PMID: 31564604 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2019.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Previous evidence has shown that smoke-free policies reduce hospital admissions due to respiratory causes, but the impact on 30-day readmission has not been determined. As 25 states in the U.S. have not adopted comprehensive smoke-free legislation, it is likely that patients return to an environment that increases risk of a secondary event. The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of smoke-free policies on 30-day readmission rates for adults aged ≥65 years following hospitalization for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in the U.S. METHODS Data from the U.S. Tobacco Control Laws Database, Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services Hospital Readmissions Reduction Program, American Hospital Association, Area Health Resource File, and U.S. Census Bureau Current Population Survey were merged at the county level for years 2013-2016 and analyzed in 2018. Hierarchical Poisson regression models were utilized to calculate incidence rate ratios to determine the impact of full, partial, and no smoke-free policies on 30-day readmission rates after chronic obstructive pulmonary disease hospitalization. RESULTS Multivariable analysis adjusting for both county and hospital characteristics revealed that the presence of full (incidence rate ratio=0.81, 95% CI=0.76, 0.88) and partial (incidence rate ratio=0.87, 95% CI=0.81, 0.92) smoke-free policies were associated with fewer 30-day readmissions for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease-related hospitalizations when compared with counties with no smoke-free policy. CONCLUSIONS The implementation of smoke-free policies is an effective measure for reducing 30-day readmissions following hospitalization due to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, with stronger policies resulting in decreased risk. Efforts to reduce chronic obstructive pulmonary disease-related 30-day readmissions should include the implementation of smoke-free policies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sericea Stallings-Smith
- Department of Public Health, Brooks College of Health, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, Florida.
| | - Hanadi Y Hamadi
- Department of Health Administration, Brooks College of Health, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - Breck N Peterson
- Department of Public Health, Brooks College of Health, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - Emma J I Apatu
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, Department of Family Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Aaron C Spaulding
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Division of Health Care Policy and Research, Robert D. and Patricia E. Kern Center for the Science of Health Care Delivery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hamadi H, Moody L, Apatu E, Vossos H, Tafili A, Spaulding A. Impact of hospitals' Referral Region racial and ethnic diversity on 30-day readmission rates of older adults. J Community Hosp Intern Med Perspect 2019; 9:181-188. [PMID: 31258855 PMCID: PMC6586129 DOI: 10.1080/20009666.2019.1613882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The Hospital Readmissions Reduction Program (HRRP) began decreasing Medicare payments to hospitals reporting high readmission rates for individuals over 65. Thus, financially incentivizing hospitals to improve quality performance on preventable readmissions. Well-established research indicates that minorities are more frequently readmitted to hospitals, but it is unknown if community diversity is associated with 30-day readmission rates. Objectives: To investigate the association between racial/ethnic diversity and hospitals' 30-day readmission rates. Methods: We linked the 2017 HRRP, American Hospital Association (AHA) database, Area Health Resource File, US Census Bureau Current Population Survey, and the Dartmouth Atlas HRR dataset to examine 30-day readmission rate for heart failure (HF), pneumonia (PN), acute myocardial infarction (AMI), and hip replacement (HR) surgery of 4,299 hospitals across 306 HRRs. Results: Our findings indicate a statistically significant negative relationship between diversity and 30-day readmission rates for HF, PN, AMI, and HR with a hospital referral region (HRR). Thus, hospitals located in HRRs with diverse populations are more likely to have higher 30-day readmission rates for all conditions under Medicare's HRRP Conclusion: Better discharge follow-up, interventions, and use of support staff aimed at meeting needs associated with differences in communities and cultures are likely to prove more fruitful than traditional one-size fits all approaches to care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanadi Hamadi
- Department of Health Administration, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Laree Moody
- Department of Health Administration, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Emma Apatu
- Department of Health Research Methods, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Helene Vossos
- School of Nursing, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Aurora Tafili
- Department of Health Administration, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Aaron Spaulding
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Cary MP, Goode V, Crego N, Thornlow D, Colón-Emeric C, van Houtven C, Merwin EI. Hospital Readmission and Costs of Total Knee Replacement Surgery in 2009 and 2014: Potential Implications for Health Care Managers. Health Care Manag (Frederick) 2019; 38:24-28. [PMID: 30640242 PMCID: PMC6662912 DOI: 10.1097/hcm.0000000000000246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this article is to describe changes in hospital readmissions and costs for US hospital patients who underwent total knee replacement (TKR) in 2009 and 2014. Data came from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project net-Nationwide Readmissions Database. Compared with 2009, overall 30-day rates of readmissions after TKR decreased by 15% in 2014. Rates varied by demographics: readmission rates were lower for younger patients, males, Medicare recipients, and those with higher incomes. Overall, costs rose 20% across TKR groups. This report is among the first to describe changes in hospital readmissions and costs for TKR patients in a national sample of US acute care hospitals. Findings offer hospital managers a mechanism to benchmark their facilities' performances.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Cary
- Author Affiliations: Duke University School of Nursing (Drs Cary, Goode, Crego, Thornlow, and Merwin); Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center (Dr Colón-Emeric); and Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine (Drs Colón-Emeric and van Houtven), Durham, North Carolina
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Leleu H, Al-Amin M, Rosko M, Valdmanis VG. A robust analysis of hospital efficiency and factors affecting variability. Health Serv Manage Res 2017; 31:33-42. [PMID: 28990800 DOI: 10.1177/0951484817730537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The objectives of this paper are to use data envelopment analysis to measure hospital inefficiency in a way that accounts for patient outcomes and to study the association between organizational factors, such as hospital-physicians integration level and teaching status, and market competition with hospital inefficiency. We apply the robust data envelopment analysis approach to a sample of private (both not-for-profit and for-profit) hospitals operating in the United States. Our data envelopment analysis model includes mortality and readmission rates as bad outputs and admissions, surgeries, emergency room, and other visits as good outputs. Therefore, our measurement of hospital inefficiency accounts for quality. We then use a subsampling regression analysis to determine the predictors of hospital inefficiency. For-profit, fully integrated and teaching hospitals were more efficient than their counterparts. Also hospitals located in more competitive markets were more efficient than those located in less competitive markets. Incorporating quality in the measurement of hospital efficiency is key for producing valid efficiency scores. Hospitals in less competitive markets need to improve their efficiency levels. Moreover, high levels of hospital physician integration might be instrumental in ensuring that hospitals achieve their efficiency goals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Herve Leleu
- 1 CNRS-LEM (UMR 9221), 55080 IESEG School of Management , Lille, France
| | | | | | - Vivian G Valdmanis
- 4 Western Michigan University, Program in Public Health, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Abstract
Research on the effects of pay-for-performance (P4P) in health care indicates largely disappointing results. This central finding, however, may mask important heterogeneity in the effects of P4P. We conducted a literature review to assess whether hospital and physician performance in P4P vary by patient and catchment area factors, organizational and structural capabilities, and P4P program characteristics. Several findings emerged: organizational size, practice type, teaching status, and physician age and gender modify performance in P4P. For physician practices and hospitals, a higher proportion of poor and minority patients is consistently associated with worse performance. Other theoretically influential characteristics-including information technology and staffing levels-yield mixed results. Inconsistent and contradictory effects of bonus likelihood, bonus size, and marginal costs on performance in P4P suggest organizations have not responded strategically to financial incentives. We conclude that extant heterogeneity in the effects of P4P does not fundamentally alter current assessments about its effectiveness.
Collapse
|