1
|
Gellrich FF, Eberl N, Steininger J, Meier F, Beissert S, Hobelsberger S. Comparison of Extended Skin Cancer Screening Using a Three-Step Advanced Imaging Programme vs. Standard-of-Care Examination in a High-Risk Melanoma Patient Cohort. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:2204. [PMID: 38927909 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16122204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Modern diagnostic procedures, such as three-dimensional total body photography (3D-TBP), digital dermoscopy (DD), and reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM), can improve melanoma diagnosis, particularly in high-risk patients. This study assessed the benefits of combining these advanced imaging techniques in a three-step programme in managing high-risk patients. This study included 410 high-risk melanoma patients who underwent a specialised imaging consultation in addition to their regular skin examinations in outpatient care. At each visit, the patients underwent a 3D-TBP, a DD for suspicious findings, and an RCM for unclear DD findings. The histological findings of excisions initiated based on imaging consultation and outpatient care were compared. Imaging consultation detected sixteen confirmed melanomas (eight invasive and eight in situ) in 39 excised pigmented lesions. Outpatient care examination detected seven confirmed melanomas (one invasive and six in situ) in 163 excised melanocytic lesions. The number needed to excise (NNE) in the imaging consultation was significantly lower than that in the outpatient care (2.4 vs. 23.3). The NNE was 2.6 for DD and 2.3 for RCM. DD, 3D-TBP, or RCM detected melanomas that were not detected by the other imaging methods. The three-step imaging programme improves melanoma detection and reduces the number of unnecessary excisions in high-risk patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frank Friedrich Gellrich
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Skin Cancer Center at the University Cancer Center, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT/UCC), 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Nadia Eberl
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Julian Steininger
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Skin Cancer Center at the University Cancer Center, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT/UCC), 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Friedegund Meier
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Skin Cancer Center at the University Cancer Center, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT/UCC), 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Stefan Beissert
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Sarah Hobelsberger
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Leahy M, Griffin L, Prendergast G, Griffin M, Laing M. An analysis of iris pattern as a risk factor for skin cancer development in immunosuppressed renal transplant recipients. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2024; 38:311-314. [PMID: 37590547 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.19422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Renal transplant recipients are at increased risk of keratinocyte skin cancers with a tendency to have multiple, aggressive and difficult to treat tumours. The eye and the skin share the same embryological ectoderm. Iris pattern has recently been reported as a predictive risk factor for skin cancer in non-immunosuppressed Southern European (Grigore et al., J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol, 2018, 1662) and Irish populations (Ridge et al., J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol, 2022, e542). AIMS To analyse if an individual's iris pattern is an independent risk factor for the development of keratinocyte skin cancers in renal transplant recipients. METHODS Iris patterns of 110 renal transplant recipients were evaluated using the Simionescu visual three-step technique (iris periphery, colarette and iris freckling [Simionescu et al., Ann Res Rev Biol, 2014, 2525]). Established risk factors for skin cancer in transplant patients were recorded as confounding factors. RESULTS Observational cross-sectional study including 110 renal transplant population. Thirty-one participants had skin cancer. In the skin cancer group, iris periphery was blue/grey in 74.3% (p = 0.053, OR 2.5), the colarette was light brown in 57.1% (p < 0.0043) and iris freckles were present in 55%(p = 0.044). Dark brown and blue colarettes were observed in controls. Binary Logistic Regression analysis showed light brown colarette is a significant independent risk factor for skin cancer (OR 4.54, p < 0.02, CI 1.56-10.57). CONCLUSION Within this renal transplant population a blue iris periphery, light brown colarette and presence of freckling confers an independent risk for keratinocyte skin cancer. Iris pattern is a useful tool for identification of transplant patients at risk of keratinocyte skin cancer and an easy-to-use technique for risk evaluation in this cohort. This is the first study looking at iris pattern and keratinocyte skin cancer risk in renal transplant population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Leahy
- Department of Dermatology, Galway University Hospital, Galway, Ireland
| | - L Griffin
- Department of Dermatology, Galway University Hospital, Galway, Ireland
| | - G Prendergast
- Department of Renal Medicine, Galway University Hospital, Galway, Ireland
| | - M Griffin
- Department of Renal Medicine, Galway University Hospital, Galway, Ireland
| | - M Laing
- Department of Dermatology, Galway University Hospital, Galway, Ireland
- School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Garbe C, Amaral T, Peris K, Hauschild A, Arenberger P, Basset-Seguin N, Bastholt L, Bataille V, Del Marmol V, Dréno B, Fargnoli MC, Forsea AM, Grob JJ, Höller C, Kaufmann R, Kelleners-Smeets N, Lallas A, Lebbé C, Lytvynenko B, Malvehy J, Moreno-Ramirez D, Nathan P, Pellacani G, Saiag P, Stratigos AJ, Van Akkooi ACJ, Vieira R, Zalaudek I, Lorigan P. European consensus-based interdisciplinary guideline for melanoma. Part 1: Diagnostics: Update 2022. Eur J Cancer 2022; 170:236-255. [PMID: 35570085 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2022.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Cutaneous melanoma (CM) is potentially the most dangerous form of skin tumor and causes 90% of skin cancer mortality. A unique collaboration of multi-disciplinary experts from the European Dermatology Forum (EDF), the European Association of Dermato-Oncology (EADO) and the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) was formed to make recommendations on CM diagnosis and treatment, based on systematic literature reviews and the experts' experience. The diagnosis of melanoma can be made clinically and shall always be confirmed with dermatoscopy. If a melanoma is suspected, a histopathological examination is always required. Sequential digital dermatoscopy and full body photography can be used in high-risk patients to improve the detection of early melanoma. Where available, confocal reflectance microscopy can also improve clinical diagnosis in special cases. Melanoma shall be classified according to the 8th version of the American Joint Committee on Cancer classification. Thin melanomas up to 0.8 mm tumor thickness do not require further imaging diagnostics. From stage IB onwards, examinations with lymph node sonography are recommended, but no further imaging examinations. From stage IIC onwards whole-body examinations with computed tomography (CT) or positron emission tomography CT (PET-CT) in combination with brain magnetic resonance imaging are recommended. From stage III and higher, mutation testing is recommended, particularly for BRAF V600 mutation. It is important to provide a structured follow-up to detect relapses and secondary primary melanomas as early as possible. There is no evidence to define the frequency and extent of examinations. A stage-based follow-up scheme is proposed which, according to the experience of the guideline group, covers the optimal requirements, but further studies may be considered. This guideline is valid until the end of 2024.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claus Garbe
- Center for Dermatooncology, Department of Dermatology, Eberhard Karls University, Tuebingen, Germany.
| | - Teresa Amaral
- Center for Dermatooncology, Department of Dermatology, Eberhard Karls University, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Ketty Peris
- Institute of Dermatology, Università Cattolica, Rome, Italy; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli - IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Axel Hauschild
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Petr Arenberger
- Department of Dermatovenereology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Nicole Basset-Seguin
- Université Paris Cite, AP-HP Department of Dermatology INSERM U 976 Hôpital Saint Louis Paris France
| | - Lars Bastholt
- Department of Oncology, Odense University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Veronique Bataille
- Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, King's College London, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Veronique Del Marmol
- Department of Dermatology, Erasme Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Brigitte Dréno
- Dermatology Department, CHU Nantes, CIC 1413, CRCINA, University Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Maria C Fargnoli
- Dermatology, Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Ana-Maria Forsea
- Dermatology Department, Elias University Hospital, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - Christoph Höller
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Roland Kaufmann
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Frankfurt University Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Nicole Kelleners-Smeets
- Department of Dermatology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Aimilios Lallas
- First Department of Dermatology, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Celeste Lebbé
- Université Paris Cite, AP-HP Department of Dermatology INSERM U 976 Hôpital Saint Louis Paris France
| | - Bohdan Lytvynenko
- Shupyk National Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, Kiev, Ukraine
| | - Josep Malvehy
- Melanoma Unit, Department of Dermatology, Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Moreno-Ramirez
- Medical-&-Surgical Dermatology Service, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Paul Nathan
- Mount-Vernon Cancer Centre, Northwood United Kingdom
| | | | - Philippe Saiag
- University Department of Dermatology, Université de Versailles-Saint Quentin en Yvelines, APHP, Boulogne, France
| | - Alexander J Stratigos
- 1st Department of Dermatology, University of Athens School of Medicine, Andreas Sygros Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Alexander C J Van Akkooi
- Melanoma Institute Australia, The University of Sydney, Royal North Shore and Mater Hospitals, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ricardo Vieira
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Iris Zalaudek
- Dermatology Clinic, Maggiore Hospital, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Paul Lorigan
- The University of Manchester, Oxford Rd, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ponatinib-induced eruptive nevi and melanocytic proliferation. Melanoma Res 2022; 32:59-62. [PMID: 34939982 DOI: 10.1097/cmr.0000000000000792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Ponatinib, an oral third-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitor, is indicated for the treatment of imatinib-resistant leukemia. We experienced a case of ponatinib-induced eruptive nevi, and the biologic effects of ponatinib on melanocytes were investigated. Treatment with ponatinib significantly increased the proliferation of normal human melanocyte or melanoma cells through the upregulation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase and protein kinase B signaling pathways. The downstream molecules of cyclin B1 and D1 were significantly increased in ponatinib-treated melanocytes. These results demonstrate the capacity of ponatinib to induce the proliferation and tumorigenesis of melanocytes.
Collapse
|
5
|
Goon P, Banfield C, Bello O, Levell NJ. Skin cancers in skin types IV-VI: Does the Fitzpatrick scale give a false sense of security? SKIN HEALTH AND DISEASE 2021; 1:e40. [PMID: 35663142 PMCID: PMC9060139 DOI: 10.1002/ski2.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The Fitzpatrick scale has been in use for skin colour typing according to the tanning potential of skin since its inception in 1975-1976. Thomas Fitzpatrick developed the scale to classify persons with 'white skin' in order to select the correct amount of UVA in Joules/cm2 for PUVA treatment for psoriasis. Since then, it has been widely used in Dermatology to gauge the skin's reaction to UV exposure, tanning potential, assessment of sunburn risk and amount of sun protection required for individual patients. However, the use of this scale has been of limited utility because of different self-perception in different areas of the world, particularly among those with skin of colour. Skin cancer risk is loosely inversely correlated with the initial genetic/inherent amount of melanin (most research has focused on eumelanin) present in the skin, although the pattern of exposure and amount of UV radiation required causing DNA damage varies widely according to different cancers. In this review, we have shown that the Fitzpatrick scale is neither correct nor adequate to reflect sunburn and tanning risk for skin of colour. Therefore, it may give both patients and physicians a false sense of security that there is little risk that people of colour can develop skin cancers. We have reviewed the small but not insignificant risk of skin of colour developing skin cancers and emphasise that there remains much research that needs to be done in this field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Goon
- Department of Dermatology Peterborough City Hospital Edith Cavell Campus Peterborough UK
| | - C Banfield
- Department of Dermatology Peterborough City Hospital Edith Cavell Campus Peterborough UK
| | - O Bello
- Department of Dermatology Peterborough City Hospital Edith Cavell Campus Peterborough UK
| | - N J Levell
- Department of Dermatology Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital Norwich UK
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Sadoghi B, Schmid-Zalaudek K, Zalaudek I, Fink-Puches R, Niederkorn A, Wolf I, Rohrer P, Richtig E. Prevalence of nevi, atypical nevi, and lentigines in relation to tobacco smoking. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0254772. [PMID: 34283871 PMCID: PMC8291632 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0254772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Melanocytic nevi have a complex evolution influenced by several endogenous and exogenous factors and are known risk factors for malignant melanoma. Interestingly, tobacco use seems to be inversely associated with melanoma risk. However, the association between tobacco use and nevi and lentigines has not yet been evaluated. METHODS We investigated the prevalence of nevi, atypical nevi, and lentigines in relation to tobacco smoking in a cohort of 59 smokers and 60 age- and sex-matched nonsmokers, using a questionnaire and performing a total body skin examination by experts. RESULTS No significant differences were detected between smokers and nonsmokers in the numbers of nevi, atypical nevi, and lentigines in sun-exposed areas (p = 0.966, 0.326, and 0.241, respectively) and in non-sun-exposed areas (p = 0.095, 0.351, and 0.546, respectively). CONCLUSION Our results revealed no significant differences in the prevalence of nevi, atypical nevi, and lentigines between smokers and nonsmokers in sun-exposed and non-sun-exposed areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Sadoghi
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Karin Schmid-Zalaudek
- Division of Physiology, Otto-Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Iris Zalaudek
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Regina Fink-Puches
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Anna Niederkorn
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Ingrid Wolf
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Peter Rohrer
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Erika Richtig
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Trandafir CM, Tischer AA, Horhat ID, Balica NC, Sitaru AM, Guran K, Morar R, Baderca F, Jifcu EM, Moţ IC, Burlacu ON, Poenaru M, Sarău CA. Fortuitous discovery of melanomas in the ENT Department - a histopathological and immunohistochemical study. ROMANIAN JOURNAL OF MORPHOLOGY AND EMBRYOLOGY 2021; 61:1163-1171. [PMID: 34171065 PMCID: PMC8343656 DOI: 10.47162/rjme.61.4.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The melanoma, having its origin in the melanocyte cells, is one of the most aggressive forms of skin cancer in the world with one of the highest rates of brain metastasis. The incidence of cutaneous melanoma in the Mediterranean countries varies from three to five cases/100 000 people/year. Its prognosis is based on an early diagnosis. Sinonasal mucosal melanoma (SNMM) is an extremely rare tumor, accounting for 0.3–2% of all melanomas. The non-specific symptomatology is often delaying the presentation of the patient at the hospital and therefore the diagnosis. The SNMM is a highly aggressive tumor, and the presence of metastasis at the diagnosis usually implies a poor prognosis. The management of the melanomas requires a precise pre-therapeutic assessment and a multidisciplinary approach for the diagnosis, with surgical treatment or radiotherapy required in order to ensure a better a quality of life. In this paper, we retrospectively analyzed two cases of mucosal melanoma and one case of cutaneous melanoma of the nose.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Marina Trandafir
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Department of ENT, Victor Babeş University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timişoara, Romania; ,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Cells to Surgery Quiz: June 2021. J Invest Dermatol 2021. [PMID: 34024342 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
9
|
Scatena C, Murtas D, Tomei S. Cutaneous Melanoma Classification: The Importance of High-Throughput Genomic Technologies. Front Oncol 2021; 11:635488. [PMID: 34123788 PMCID: PMC8193952 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.635488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous melanoma is an aggressive tumor responsible for 90% of mortality related to skin cancer. In the recent years, the discovery of driving mutations in melanoma has led to better treatment approaches. The last decade has seen a genomic revolution in the field of cancer. Such genomic revolution has led to the production of an unprecedented mole of data. High-throughput genomic technologies have facilitated the genomic, transcriptomic and epigenomic profiling of several cancers, including melanoma. Nevertheless, there are a number of newer genomic technologies that have not yet been employed in large studies. In this article we describe the current classification of cutaneous melanoma, we review the current knowledge of the main genetic alterations of cutaneous melanoma and their related impact on targeted therapies, and we describe the most recent high-throughput genomic technologies, highlighting their advantages and disadvantages. We hope that the current review will also help scientists to identify the most suitable technology to address melanoma-related relevant questions. The translation of this knowledge and all actual advancements into the clinical practice will be helpful in better defining the different molecular subsets of melanoma patients and provide new tools to address relevant questions on disease management. Genomic technologies might indeed allow to better predict the biological - and, subsequently, clinical - behavior for each subset of melanoma patients as well as to even identify all molecular changes in tumor cell populations during disease evolution toward a real achievement of a personalized medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Scatena
- Division of Pathology, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Daniela Murtas
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Cytomorphology, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Sara Tomei
- Omics Core, Integrated Genomics Services, Research Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Garbe C, Amaral T, Peris K, Hauschild A, Arenberger P, Bastholt L, Bataille V, del Marmol V, Dréno B, Fargnoli MC, Grob JJ, Höller C, Kaufmann R, Lallas A, Lebbé C, Malvehy J, Middleton M, Moreno-Ramirez D, Pellacani G, Saiag P, Stratigos AJ, Vieira R, Zalaudek I, Eggermont AM. European consensus-based interdisciplinary guideline for melanoma. Part 1: Diagnostics – Update 2019. Eur J Cancer 2020; 126:141-158. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2019.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
11
|
Wei EX, Li X, Nan H. Extremity nevus count is an independent risk factor for basal cell carcinoma and melanoma, but not squamous cell carcinoma. J Am Acad Dermatol 2019; 80:970-978. [PMID: 30713015 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2018.09.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 08/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The presence of nevi portends an increased risk for melanoma. OBJECTIVE We sought to examine the association between extremity nevus count and the risk of melanoma and keratinocyte cancers. METHODS We evaluated prospective cohorts of 176,317 women (the Nurses' Health Study, 1986-2012 and the Nurses' Health Study 2, 1989-2013) and 32,383 men (Health Professionals Follow-up Study, 1986-2012). Information on nevus count (none, 1-5, 6-14, ≥15) on the extremity was collected at baseline. RESULTS There were 1704 incident cases of melanoma, 2296 incident cases of squamous cell carcinoma, and 30,457 incident cases of basal cell carcinoma, with a total of 4,655,043 person-years for melanoma and 4,267,708 person-years for keratinocyte cancers. The presence of an extremity nevus was associated with an increased risk of melanoma in all anatomic areas and increased risk of basal cell carcinoma (BCC). Individuals with ≥15 nevi had the highest risk of melanoma and BCC compared to those without any extremity nevi (melanoma hazard ratio 2.79 [95% confidence interval 2.04-3.83]; BCC HR 1.40 [95% confidence interval 1.32-1.49]). No significant association was observed for squamous cell carcinoma. LIMITATIONS Limitations of our study included self-reported nevus count and detection bias. CONCLUSIONS Extremity nevus count is a helpful clinical marker in risk-stratifying individuals for BCC and melanoma on all body sites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erin X Wei
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Hongmei Nan
- Department of Epidemiology, Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana; Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ghiasvand R, Robsahm TE, Green AC, Rueegg CS, Weiderpass E, Lund E, Veierød MB. Association of Phenotypic Characteristics and UV Radiation Exposure With Risk of Melanoma on Different Body Sites. JAMA Dermatol 2019; 155:39-49. [PMID: 30477003 PMCID: PMC6439571 DOI: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2018.3964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Importance Two pathways have been hypothesized for the development of cutaneous melanoma: one typically affects the head and neck, a site with chronic sun damage, and the other affects the trunk, which is less exposed to the sun. However, the possible cause of limb melanomas is less studied under this hypothesis. Objective To investigate the association between phenotypic characteristics, pattern of UV radiation exposure, and risk of melanoma on different body sites. Design, Setting, and Participants This study used data on 161 540 women with information on phenotypic characteristics and UV radiation exposure who were part of the Norwegian Women and Cancer study, a population-based prospective study established in 1991 with exposure information collected by questionnaires at baseline and every 4 to 6 years during follow-up through 2015. Data analysis was performed from October 2017 through May 2018. Exposures Participants reported hair color, eye color, untanned skin color, number of small symmetric and large asymmetric nevi, and freckling, as well as histories of sunburns, sunbathing vacations, and indoor tanning in childhood, adolescence, and adulthood. Main Outcomes and Measures The Norwegian Women and Cancer study was linked to the Cancer Registry of Norway for data on cancer diagnosis and date of death or emigration. Primary melanoma site was categorized as head and neck, trunk, upper limbs, and lower limbs. Results During follow-up of the 161 540 women in the study (mean age at study entry, 50 years [range, 34-70 years]; mean age at diagnosis, 60 years [range, 34-87 years]), 1374 incident cases of melanoma were diagnosed. Having large asymmetric nevi was a significant risk factor for all sites and was strongest for the lower limbs (relative risk [RR], 3.38; 95% CI, 2.62-4.38) and weakest for the upper limbs (RR, 1.96; 95% CI, 1.22-3.17; P = .02 for heterogeneity). Mean lifetime number of sunbathing vacations was significantly associated with risk of trunk melanomas (RR, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.07-1.22) and lower limb melanomas (RR, 1.12; 95% CI, 1.05-1.19) but not upper limb melanomas (RR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.88-1.09) and head and neck melanomas (RR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.73-1.04; P = .006 for heterogeneity). Indoor tanning was associated only with trunk melanomas (RR for the highest tertile, 1.49; 95% CI, 1.16-1.92) and lower limb melanomas (RR for the highest tertile, 1.33; 95% CI, 1.00-1.76; P = .002 for heterogeneity). Skin color, hair color, small symmetric nevi, and history of sunburns were associated with risk of melanoma on all sites. Conclusions and Relevance These results appear to support the hypothesis of divergent pathways to melanoma and that recreational sun exposure and indoor tanning are associated with melanoma on the lower limbs, the most common site of melanoma in women. These findings appear to have important preventive implications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reza Ghiasvand
- Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Trude E. Robsahm
- Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Institute of Population-Based Cancer Research, Oslo, Norway
| | - Adele C. Green
- Population Health Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
- Cancer Research UK Manchester and Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Corina S. Rueegg
- Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Elisabete Weiderpass
- Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Institute of Population-Based Cancer Research, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Genetic Epidemiology Group, Folkhälsen Research Center, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eiliv Lund
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Marit B. Veierød
- Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
de Sá BCS, Moredo LF, Gomes EE, de Araújo ESS, Duprat JP. Hereditary melanoma: a five-year study of Brazilian patients in a cancer referral center - phenotypic characteristics of probands and pathological features of primary tumors. An Bras Dermatol 2018; 93:337-340. [PMID: 29924249 PMCID: PMC6001076 DOI: 10.1590/abd1806-4841.20186201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Approximately five to 10% of all melanomas occur in families with hereditary predisposition and the main high-risk melanoma susceptibility gene is the CDKN2A. OBJECTIVES To describe, after a five-years study, the clinical data of patients (probands) from familial melanoma kindreds, and the pathological characteristics of their melanoma. METHODS The inclusion criteria were melanoma patients with a family history of melanoma or pancreatic cancer (first- or second-degree relatives) or patients with multiple primary melanomas (MPM). RESULTS A total of 124 probands were studied, where 64 were considered familial cases and 60 MPM. Mean age at diagnosis was 50 years. Our results show that the following characteristics were prevalent: skin phototype I/II (89.5%), sunburn during childhood (85.5%), total number of nevi ≥50 (56.5%), Breslow thickness ≤1.0mm (70.2%), tumors located on the trunk (53.2%) and superficial spreading melanomas (70.2%). STUDY LIMITATIONS Analyses of probands' relatives will be demonstrated in future publication. CONCLUSIONS Our findings are in agreement with previous familial melanomas reports. Fifteen new melanomas in 11 patients were diagnosed during follow up, all of which were ≤1.0 mm. This is the largest dataset of Brazilian melanoma prone kindreds to date, thus providing a complete database for future genetic studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Elimar Elias Gomes
- Skin Cancer Department, AC Camargo Cancer Center, São
Paulo (SP), Brazil
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Vallone MG, Tell-Marti G, Potrony M, Rebollo-Morell A, Badenas C, Puig-Butille JA, Gimenez-Xavier P, Carrera C, Malvehy J, Puig S. Melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) polymorphisms' influence on size and dermoscopic features of nevi. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2017; 31:39-50. [PMID: 28950052 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) is a highly polymorphic gene. The loss-of-function MC1R variants ("R") have been strongly associated with red hair color phenotype and an increased melanoma risk. We sequenced the MC1R gene in 175 healthy individuals to assess the influence of MC1R on nevus phenotype. We identified that MC1R variant carriers had larger nevi both on the back [p-value = .016, adjusted for multiple parameters (adj. p-value)] and on the upper limbs (adj. p-value = .007). Specifically, we identified a positive association between the "R" MC1R variants and visible vessels in nevi [p-value = .033, corrected using the FDR method for multiple comparisons (corrected p-value)], dots and globules in nevi (corrected p-value = .033), nevi with eccentric hyperpigmentation (corrected p-value = .033), a high degree of freckling (adj. p-value = .019), and an associative trend with presence of blue nevi (corrected p-value = .120). In conclusion, the MC1R gene appears to influence the nevus phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María Gabriela Vallone
- Dermatology Department, Melanoma Unit, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS (Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer), Barcelona, Spain.,Dermatology Department, Hospital Alemán, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gemma Tell-Marti
- Dermatology Department, Melanoma Unit, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS (Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miriam Potrony
- Dermatology Department, Melanoma Unit, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS (Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aida Rebollo-Morell
- Dermatology Department, Melanoma Unit, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS (Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Celia Badenas
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.,Biochemical and Molecular Genetics Service, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS (Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Anton Puig-Butille
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.,Biochemical and Molecular Genetics Service, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS (Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pol Gimenez-Xavier
- Dermatology Department, Melanoma Unit, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS (Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Carrera
- Dermatology Department, Melanoma Unit, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS (Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Josep Malvehy
- Dermatology Department, Melanoma Unit, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS (Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.,Medicine Department, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Susana Puig
- Dermatology Department, Melanoma Unit, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS (Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.,Medicine Department, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Pediatric Melanoma: A 35-year Population-based Review. PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY-GLOBAL OPEN 2017; 5:e1252. [PMID: 28458966 PMCID: PMC5404437 DOI: 10.1097/gox.0000000000001252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Background: Melanoma is a rare neoplasm in the pediatric population. Recent publications suggest a possible increase in incidence over the past few decades. The purpose of this study was to analyze trends in pediatric patients diagnosed with malignant melanoma in British Columbia (BC) in the past 35 years. Methods: A retrospective review was performed. All patients in BC diagnosed with melanoma before 18 years of age from 1979 to 2014 were included. Patient demographics, melanoma description, treatment details, and survival data were collected. Results: Seventy-eight subjects were identified for the study. Patients were equally distributed by sex. Sixty-one (78%) of the subjects were diagnosed in the postpubertal age (≥12 years old). The most common sites of occurrence were the extremities (n = 33) and the trunk (n = 27), with the location on the trunk showing the highest mortality rate (22%). All patients were surgically treated and some had additional chemotherapy (12) and/or radiotherapy (12). Fatal outcome was recorded in 12 of the 78 subjects, 10 of whom had postpubertal diagnosis. The average time from date of diagnosis to date of death was 9.3 years. Conclusions: The incidence of melanoma in the pediatric population remains exceedingly rare: less than 2.5 per million children younger than 18 years. The diagnosis is rarely made before puberty; the incidence is equal in males and females and has not changed over a 35-year time period in BC. Our study shows 85% survival with the majority of patients having had surgical excision only.
Collapse
|
16
|
Number and size of acquired melanocytic nevi and affecting risk factors in cases admitted to the dermatology clinic. Postepy Dermatol Alergol 2016; 33:375-380. [PMID: 27881943 PMCID: PMC5110627 DOI: 10.5114/ada.2016.62845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The size and number of acquired melanocytic nevi (AMN) and presence of dysplastic nevi are the leading risk factors that should be recognized in the development of malignant melanoma. Aim To evaluate AMN and risk factors in the development of AMN in all age groups admitted to a dermatology outpatient clinic. Material and methods Four hundred and twelve patients who were admitted to the dermatology outpatient clinic for any dermatological symptom and who accepted to participate in the study were randomly included in the study. For each case, background-family history and dermatological findings were recorded. All AMN observed in the patients were dermatoscopically examined. Results The presence of more than 50 nevi was significantly higher in males, in individuals who had a history of sunburn and smokers. The number of nevi that were 5 mm and below was found to be higher in individuals who regularly sunbathed their face/body, in individuals using sunscreen, in individuals who had a history of sunburn, smokers and alcohol users. The number of nevi that were above 5 mm was higher in smokers. The total dermatoscopy score between 4.75 and 5.45 was found to be higher in individuals who had more than 50 nevi, in individuals exposed to more than one chemical substance and in alcohol users. Conclusions When determining the patient’s risk factors, factors such as the patient’s sunbathing habits and chemical substance exposure features should be taken into consideration besides the number and size of nevi.
Collapse
|
17
|
Kim SY, Yun SJ. Cutaneous Melanoma in Asians. Chonnam Med J 2016; 52:185-93. [PMID: 27689028 PMCID: PMC5040767 DOI: 10.4068/cmj.2016.52.3.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Revised: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant melanoma is a rare disease in Asians but potentially the most aggressive form of skin cancer worldwide. It can occur in any melanocyte-containing anatomic site. Four main cutaneous melanoma subtypes are recognized: lentigo maligna melanoma, superficial spreading melanoma, acral lentiginous melanoma (ALM), and nodular melanoma. Generally, excessive exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation increases the risk of melanoma. The exception is ALM, which is the most common melanoma subtype in Asians and is not associated with UV radiation. ALM presents as dark brownish to black, irregular maculopatches, nodules, or ulcers on the palms, soles, and nails. The lesions may be misdiagnosed as more benign lesions, such as warts, ulcers, hematomas, foreign bodies, or fungal infections, especially in amelanotic acral melanomas where black pigments are absent. The aim of this brief review is to improve understanding and the rate of early detection thereby reducing mortality, especially regarding cutaneous melanoma in Asians.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sang Yub Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Sook Jung Yun
- Department of Dermatology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Wasti QH, Kopf AW, Marghoob AA, Stefanato CM, Romero JB, Rao BK, Bart RS. Anatomic Distribution of Cutaneous Melanomas and Painful Sunburns in Adults. J Cutan Med Surg 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/120347549600100204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: Data show that intermittent painful sunburns are an important causative factor for cutaneous malignant melanoma. Objective: This study was undertaken to determine whether the differences in the anatomic distribution of melanomas in men, compared to women, could be accounted for by the distribution of sunburns and whether the high incidence of melanomas on the lower extremities of women is associated with the distribution of sunburns. Methods: One hundred and fifty nonmelanoma patients, men and women aged 20 to 60 years, recalled having painful sunburns within the previous 6 months. The locations of the sunburns were indicated on body surface diagrams. The locations of 1168 melanomas as recorded in the NYU-Melanoma Cooperative Group data base were plotted on anatomic diagrams. The anatomic distribution of melanomas and of sunburns for men and women were compared. Results: There was no statistically significant difference in the distribution of sunburns on any anatomic location in men as compared to women. However, there was a disproportionately high number of melanomas on the backs of men and on the legs of women. In both men and women, there was a significant difference between the anatomic distribution of painful sunburns and melanomas. Conclusion: Since the anatomic distribution of painful sunburns is similar in men and women, whereas the anatomic distribution of melanomas differ, it would appear that factors in addition to sunburns in adults account for the differences in the anatomic distribution of melanomas in men and women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ashfaq A. Marghoob
- The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University School of Medicine and the Oncology Section, Charles C. Harris Skin and Cancer Pavilion, New York University Medical Center, New York; the New York University Melanoma Cooperative Group; and the Department of Dermatology, the State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Garbe C, Peris K, Hauschild A, Saiag P, Middleton M, Bastholt L, Grob JJ, Malvehy J, Newton-Bishop J, Stratigos AJ, Pehamberger H, Eggermont AM. Diagnosis and treatment of melanoma. European consensus-based interdisciplinary guideline - Update 2016. Eur J Cancer 2016; 63:201-17. [PMID: 27367293 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2016.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 273] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Cutaneous melanoma (CM) is potentially the most dangerous form of skin tumour and causes 90% of skin cancer mortality. A unique collaboration of multi-disciplinary experts from the European Dermatology Forum, the European Association of Dermato-Oncology and the European Organisation of Research and Treatment of Cancer was formed to make recommendations on CM diagnosis and treatment, based on systematic literature reviews and the experts' experience. Diagnosis is made clinically using dermoscopy and staging is based upon the AJCC system. CMs are excised with 1-2 cm safety margins. Sentinel lymph node dissection is routinely offered as a staging procedure in patients with tumours >1 mm in thickness, although there is as yet no clear survival benefit for this approach. Interferon-α treatment may be offered to patients with stage II and III melanoma as an adjuvant therapy, as this treatment increases at least the disease-free survival and less clear the overall survival (OS) time. The treatment is however associated with significant toxicity. In distant metastasis, all options of surgical therapy have to be considered thoroughly. In the absence of surgical options, systemic treatment is indicated. For first-line treatment particularly in BRAF wild-type patients, immunotherapy with PD-1 antibodies alone or in combination with CTLA-4 antibodies should be considered. BRAF inhibitors like dabrafenib and vemurafenib in combination with the MEK inhibitors trametinib and cobimetinib for BRAF mutated patients should be offered as first or second line treatment. Therapeutic decisions in stage IV patients should be primarily made by an interdisciplinary oncology team ('Tumour Board').
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claus Garbe
- Centre for Dermatooncology, Department of Dermatology, Eberhard Karls University, Tuebingen, Germany.
| | - Ketty Peris
- Institute of Dermatology, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - Axel Hauschild
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Philippe Saiag
- University Department of Dermatology, Université de Versailles-Saint Quentin en Yvelines, APHP, Boulogne, France
| | - Mark Middleton
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Lars Bastholt
- Department of Oncology, Odense University Hospital, Denmark
| | | | - Josep Malvehy
- Melanoma Unit, Department of Dermatology, Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Julia Newton-Bishop
- Section of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, UK
| | - Alexander J Stratigos
- 1(st) Department of Dermatology, University of Athens School of Medicine, Andreas Sygros Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Moscarella E, Tion I, Zalaudek I, Lallas A, Kyrgidis A, Longo C, Lombardi M, Raucci M, Satta R, Alfano R, Argenziano G. Both short-term and long-term dermoscopy monitoring is useful in detecting melanoma in patients with multiple atypical nevi. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2016; 31:247-251. [DOI: 10.1111/jdv.13840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. Moscarella
- Dermatology and Skin Cancer Unit; Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova IRCCS; Reggio Emilia Italy
| | - I. Tion
- Unit of Dermatology; Department of Surgical, Microsurgical and Medical Sciences; University of Sassari; Sassari Italy
| | - I. Zalaudek
- Department of Dermatology; Medical University of Graz; Graz Austria
| | - A. Lallas
- Dermatology and Skin Cancer Unit; Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova IRCCS; Reggio Emilia Italy
| | - A. Kyrgidis
- Dermatology and Skin Cancer Unit; Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova IRCCS; Reggio Emilia Italy
| | - C. Longo
- Dermatology and Skin Cancer Unit; Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova IRCCS; Reggio Emilia Italy
| | - M. Lombardi
- Dermatology and Skin Cancer Unit; Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova IRCCS; Reggio Emilia Italy
| | - M. Raucci
- Dermatology and Skin Cancer Unit; Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova IRCCS; Reggio Emilia Italy
| | - R. Satta
- Unit of Dermatology; Department of Surgical, Microsurgical and Medical Sciences; University of Sassari; Sassari Italy
| | - R. Alfano
- Department of Anesthesiology, Surgery and Emergency; Second University of Naples; Naples Italy
| | - G. Argenziano
- Dermatology Unit; Second University of Naples; Naples Italy
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Berwick M, Buller DB, Cust A, Gallagher R, Lee TK, Meyskens F, Pandey S, Thomas NE, Veierød MB, Ward S. Melanoma Epidemiology and Prevention. Cancer Treat Res 2016; 167:17-49. [PMID: 26601858 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-22539-5_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The epidemiology of melanoma is complex, and individual risk depends on sun exposure, host factors, and genetic factors, and in their interactions as well. Sun exposure can be classified as intermittent, chronic, or cumulative (overall) exposure, and each appears to have a different effect on type of melanoma. Other environmental factors, such as chemical exposures-either through occupation, atmosphere, or food-may increase risk for melanoma, and this area warrants further study. Host factors that are well known to be important are the numbers and types of nevi and the skin phenotype. Genetic factors are classified as high-penetrant genes, moderate-risk genes, or low-risk genetic polymorphisms. Subtypes of tumors, such as BRAF-mutated tumors, have different risk factors as well as different therapies. Prevention of melanoma has been attempted using various strategies in specific subpopulations, but to date optimal interventions to reduce incidence have not emerged.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Berwick
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, MSC10-5550, Albuquerque, NM, 87131-0001, USA.
| | - David B Buller
- Klein Buendel, Inc., 1667 Cole Boulevard, Suite 225, Golden, CO, 80401, USA.
| | - Anne Cust
- Sydney School of Public Health, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Level 6, 119-143 Missenden Road, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia.
| | - Richard Gallagher
- Cancer Control Research Program, BC Cancer Agency, 675 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1L3, Canada.
| | - Tim K Lee
- Cancer Control Research Program, BC Cancer Agency, 675 West 10th Avenue, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 1L3, Canada.
| | - Frank Meyskens
- Public Health and Epidemiology, University of California, Irvine, USA.
| | - Shaily Pandey
- Mount Sinai School of Medicine, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
| | - Nancy E Thomas
- University of North Carolina, 413 Mary Ellen Jones Bldg. CB#7287, Chapel Hill, NC, 275992, USA.
| | - Marit B Veierød
- Department of Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 1122 Blindern, 0317, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Sarah Ward
- Centre for Genetic Origins of Health and Disease (GOHaD), The University of Western Australia, M409, 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Ribero S, Zugna D, Osella-Abate S, Glass D, Nathan P, Spector T, Bataille V. Prediction of high naevus count in a healthy U.K. population to estimate melanoma risk. Br J Dermatol 2015; 174:312-8. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.14216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Ribero
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology; King's College London; St Thomas' Campus, Westminster Bridge Road London SE1 7EH U.K
- Section of Dermatology; Department of Medical Sciences; University of Turin; Torino Italy
- Imperial College London; London U.K
- Department of Dermatology; London North West Healthcare NHS Trust; London U.K
| | - D. Zugna
- Unit of Cancer Epidemiology - CERMS; Department of Medical Sciences; University of Turin; Torino Italy
| | - S. Osella-Abate
- Section of Dermatology; Department of Medical Sciences; University of Turin; Torino Italy
| | - D. Glass
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology; King's College London; St Thomas' Campus, Westminster Bridge Road London SE1 7EH U.K
- Imperial College London; London U.K
- Department of Dermatology; London North West Healthcare NHS Trust; London U.K
| | - P. Nathan
- Mount Vernon Cancer Network; West Herts NHS Trust; Herts U.K
| | - T. Spector
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology; King's College London; St Thomas' Campus, Westminster Bridge Road London SE1 7EH U.K
| | - V. Bataille
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology; King's College London; St Thomas' Campus, Westminster Bridge Road London SE1 7EH U.K
- Department of Dermatology; West Herts NHS Trust; Herts U.K
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Abstract
CLINICAL ISSUE The incidence of melanoma has rapidly increased in the last decades. Most relevant for patient prognosis is the tumor thickness, hence an early diagnosis is crucial. STANDARD TREATMENT The basis of treatment is at the primary tumor stage and excision of regional metastases with curative intention. TREATMENT INNOVATIONS Targeted therapies, such as BRAF and MEK inhibitors have the advantage of a rapid response even in highly advanced stages of the disease. DIAGNOSTIC WORK-UP For routine diagnostics ultrasound, computed tomography (CT), fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography CT (FDG-PET/CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are used. PERFORMANCE AND ACHIEVEMENTS In the treatment of distant metastases new treatment options are available which more than doubled patient survival rates. Especially immune therapies with immune checkpoint blockers, such as ipilimumab or PD-1 antibodies can lead to long-term survival of patients. In contrast to chemotherapy these new substances have characteristics which make new demands on radiologists related to the possibility of pseudoprogression in immune therapies, which make it necessary to use other response criteria. In addition, autoimmune phenomena, such as a sarcoid-like reactions may mimic new metastases and should be included in the differential diagnosis. BRAF inhibitors may lead to cystic conversions of metastases which again require an evaluation beyond the response evaluation criteria in solid tumors (RECIST), e.g. with the adapted Choi criteria. PRACTICAL RECOMMENDATIONS Close interdisciplinary communication, functional imaging methods and adapted response criteria, such as the immune-related response criteria will optimize radiological evaluations of melanoma.
Collapse
|
24
|
Brecht IB, Garbe C, Gefeller O, Pfahlberg A, Bauer J, Eigentler TK, Offenmueller S, Schneider DT, Leiter U. 443 paediatric cases of malignant melanoma registered with the German Central Malignant Melanoma Registry between 1983 and 2011. Eur J Cancer 2015; 51:861-8. [PMID: 25794606 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2015.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Revised: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malignant melanoma is a very rare paediatric tumour. This study was performed in order to understand clinical features and prognosis of malignant melanoma in children and adolescents. METHODS 443 patients ⩽ 18 years of age with malignant melanoma were prospectively registered with the German Central Malignant Melanoma Registry between 1983 and 2011. Cases were collected from 58 participating centres. 276 paediatric cases with a follow-up >3 months were evaluated for survival probabilities and prognostic factors by Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS Age of diagnosis ranged from 3 months to 18 years (median age 16 years). The male to female ratio was 0.8 (202 male, 240 female). Most melanoma were located at the trunk (n = 195) and the lower extremity (n = 114). Patients with >3 months of follow-up (median 55 months) showed an overall survival (OS) of 94.8% in 5 years. Survival according to tumour stage was 98.5% for stage I (n = 190), 91.1% for stage II (n = 39) and 53.0% for stage III/IV tumours (n = 11). Worse outcome was seen in patients with nodular melanoma (OS 77.9%, n = 42) compared to superficial spread histotype (OS 100%, n = 138) or other histotype (OS 96.9%, n = 88) (p < 0.0001), in case of thicker tumours (Clark level IV or V, OS 87.1%, n = 84) compared to thinner tumours (Clark level I, II, III, OS 99.1%, n = 164) (p = 0.0008) and in case of ulceration (OS 65.6%, n = 17) compared to no ulceration (OS 99.2%, n = 182). CONCLUSION Patient and tumour characteristics in paediatric melanoma patients show no evident differences to adult melanoma cases. The same clinical approach as in adults should be used.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ines B Brecht
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Children's Hospital Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Claus Garbe
- Center for Dermatooncology, Department of Dermatology, Central Malignant Melanoma Registry of the German Dermatological Society, University Hospital Tuebingen, Germany
| | | | | | - Jürgen Bauer
- Center for Dermatooncology, Department of Dermatology, Central Malignant Melanoma Registry of the German Dermatological Society, University Hospital Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Thomas K Eigentler
- Center for Dermatooncology, Department of Dermatology, Central Malignant Melanoma Registry of the German Dermatological Society, University Hospital Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Sonja Offenmueller
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Children's Hospital Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Ulrike Leiter
- Center for Dermatooncology, Department of Dermatology, Central Malignant Melanoma Registry of the German Dermatological Society, University Hospital Tuebingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Idorn LW, Datta P, Heydenreich J, Philipsen PA, Wulf HC. Black light visualized solar lentigines on the shoulders and upper back are associated with objectively measured UVR exposure and cutaneous malignant melanoma. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2015; 14:481-7. [PMID: 25410723 DOI: 10.1039/c4pp00332b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies on the association of solar lentigines with ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure have been based on retrospective questionnaires about UVR exposure. We aimed to investigate the association between solar lentigines and UVR exposure in healthy individuals using objective measurements, and to investigate the association between solar lentigines and cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM). Forty-eight patients with CMM and 48 controls that matched the patients individually by age, sex, constitutive skin type and occupation participated. Solar lentigines on the shoulders and upper back were counted and graded into 3 categories using black light photographs to show sun damage. Current UVR exposure in healthy controls was assessed by personal electronic UVR dosimeters that measured time-related UVR and by corresponding exposure diaries during a summer season. Sunburn history was assessed by interviews. Among controls, the number of solar lentigines was positively associated with daily hours spent outdoors between noon and 3 pm on holidays (P = 0.027), days at the beach (P = 0.048) and reported number of life sunburns (P < 0.001). Compared with matched controls CMM patients had a higher number of solar lentigines (P = 0.044). There was a positive association between CMM and higher solar lentigines grade; Category III versus Category I (P = 0.002) and Category II versus Category I (P = 0.014). Our findings indicate that solar lentigines in healthy individuals are associated with number of life sunburns, as well as time spent outdoors around noon on holidays and beach trips during a summer season, most likely reflecting past UVR exposure, and that solar lentigines are a risk factor for CMM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luise Winkel Idorn
- Department of Dermatology, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Bispebjerg Bakke 23, 2400 Copenhagen NV, Denmark.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Schwab C, Zalaudek I, Mayer C, Riedl R, Wackernagel W, Juch H, Aigner B, Brunasso AM, Langmann G, Richtig E. New insights into oculodermal nevogenesis and proposal for a new iris nevus classification. Br J Ophthalmol 2014; 99:644-9. [DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2014-305849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
27
|
Suppa M, Neri L, Bianchi L, Capizzi R, Carbone A, Catricalà C, Chimenti S, Fargnoli MC, Fossati B, Frascione P, Peris K. The first skin cancer screening day at the Italian parliament: a Euromelanoma initiative. Int J Dermatol 2014; 54:42-9. [PMID: 25070362 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.12677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effort to decrease incidence/mortality of skin cancer should target not only the general public but also politicians and decision makers, to create a proper health policy. We report the results of the first Skin Cancer Screening Day at the Italian Parliament, organized to draw politicians' attention on skin cancer. METHODS A questionnaire was used to collect data on participants' characteristics and suspected skin cancers. RESULTS We screened 70 members of parliament (61.4% males, median age 54 years). Overall skin cancer suspicion rate was 14.5%. Suspicion rate, detection rate, and positive predictive values for melanoma were respectively 1.6, 1.6, and 100%, and for basal cell carcinoma 6.5, 1.6, and 25%. Highly educated, <54-year-old females reported sun-seeking behaviors. CONCLUSIONS The considerable suspicion rate produced by this screening is justified by the particular demographics of the study population. Italian members of parliament display sun-seeking behaviors similar to those previously described in the general public. Increasing politicians' attention on skin cancer is vital for sufficient resources to be allocated to prevention strategies. Expert medical groups and politicians should cooperate to create a proper, integrated policy on skin cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariano Suppa
- Department of Dermatology, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy; Department of Dermatology, Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Cooper F. A case study of pigmentation and textural changes associated with needling Yin Tang. J Acupunct Meridian Stud 2014; 7:95-7. [PMID: 24745869 DOI: 10.1016/j.jams.2013.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2013] [Revised: 04/28/2013] [Accepted: 04/30/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In this article, a case is presented in which repeated needling of the Yin Tang point over the course of 6 years was perceived to cause pigmentation and textural changes to the skin. Others have reported changes to pigmentation, but those changes were either shorter lived and associated with strong stimulation, or were associated with implanting a silver needle for several years.
Collapse
|
29
|
Praetorius C, Sturm RA, Steingrimsson E. Sun-induced freckling: ephelides and solar lentigines. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2014; 27:339-50. [DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 02/06/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Praetorius
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Biomedical Center; Faculty of Medicine; University of Iceland; Reykjavik Iceland
| | - Richard A. Sturm
- Melanogenix Group; Institute for Molecular Bioscience; The University of Queensland; Brisbane Qld Australia
- Dermatology Research Centre; School of Medicine; The University of Queensland; Princess Alexandra Hospital; Brisbane Qld Australia
| | - Eirikur Steingrimsson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Biomedical Center; Faculty of Medicine; University of Iceland; Reykjavik Iceland
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Fernandes JD, Rivitti-Machado MC, Nakano J, de Oliveira Rocha B, Oliveira ZNP. Clinical, dermoscopic and histopathological features of melanocytic nevi in dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2014; 12:237-42, 237-43. [DOI: 10.1111/ddg.12258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2013] [Accepted: 10/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Juliana Nakano
- Department of Dermatology; University of São Paulo. São Paulo; São Paulo Brazil
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Shiau CJ, Thompson JF, Scolyer RA. Controversies and evolving concepts in the diagnosis, classification and management of lentigo maligna. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1586/edm.13.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
32
|
Garbe C, Peris K, Hauschild A, Saiag P, Middleton M, Spatz A, Grob JJ, Malvehy J, Newton-Bishop J, Stratigos A, Pehamberger H, Eggermont AM. Diagnosis and treatment of melanoma. European consensus-based interdisciplinary guideline--Update 2012. Eur J Cancer 2012; 48:2375-90. [PMID: 22981501 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2012.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2012] [Accepted: 06/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Cutaneous melanoma (CM) is potentially the most dangerous form of skin tumour and causes 90% of skin cancer mortality. A unique collaboration of multi-disciplinary experts from the European Dermatology Forum (EDF), the European Association of Dermato-Oncology (EADO) and the European Organization of Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) was formed to make recommendations on CM diagnosis and treatment, based on systematic literature reviews and the experts' experience. Diagnosis is made clinically and staging is based upon the AJCC system. CMs are excised with one to two centimetre safety margins. Sentinel lymph node dissection (SLND) is routinely offered as a staging procedure in patients with tumours more than 1mm in thickness, although there is as yet no clear survival benefit for this approach. Interferon-α treatment may be offered to patients with stage II and III melanoma as an adjuvant therapy, as this treatment increases at least the disease-free survival (DFS) and less clear the overall survival (OS) time. The treatment is however associated with significant toxicity. In distant metastasis, all options of surgical therapy have to be considered thoroughly. In the absence of surgical options, systemic treatment is indicated. BRAF inhibitors like vemurafenib for BRAF mutated patients as well as the CTLA-4 antibody ipilimumab offer new therapeutic opportunities apart from conventional chemotherapy. Therapeutic decisions in stage IV patients should be primarily made by an interdisciplinary oncology team ('tumour board').
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claus Garbe
- University Department of Dermatology, Tuebingen, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Abstract
Dysplastic nevi have been a subject of much debate since their original description in 1978. Although some question the biological potential of dysplastic nevi themselves, several studies have shown that their presence confers substantial risk for melanoma. In addition to predisposing patients to melanoma, dysplastic nevi have been shown to harbor genetic mutations, indicating their position on a continuum between banal nevi and melanomas. Dysplastic nevi are also clinically relevant as mimickers of melanoma, and can be challenging diagnostically. This article reviews the history, epidemiology, biology and genetics, clinical features, histopathologic features, and management guidelines for patients with these lesions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michele J Farber
- Jefferson Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, 1020 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Factors associated with the prevalence of atypical nevus in a Mediterranean pigmented skin lesion clinic. Melanoma Res 2012; 21:469-73. [PMID: 21760555 DOI: 10.1097/cmr.0b013e32834941f9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Atypical melanocytic nevi constitute central risk factor and are precursor lesions for cutaneous melanoma. Data regarding factors associated with their prevalence are mainly derived from fair-skinned populations, whereas little is known regarding their epidemiological associations in darker-skinned, chronically sun-exposed populations. The aim of this study was to identify risk factors for the occurrence of at least one atypical nevus on Crete, the southernmost island of Greece. This hospital-based case-control study included 143 patients and 189 controls with at least one atypical nevus presented at the pigmented skin lesion clinic of the University of Crete. All participants were interviewed and underwent complete skin examination by the same two experienced dermatologists. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to adjust for potential confounders. In the multivariate analysis, common melanocytic nevi [odds ratio (OR): of 2.2, 7.5, and 58.9 for the presence of 11-25, 26-100, and >100 common nevi, respectively] and recreational sun exposure (OR: 4.4) increased significantly the risk of the presence of atypical nevus. A decreased risk for atypical nevi was related to an increasing age (OR: 0.96/age), and professional sun exposure (OR: 0.5). Intermittent, recreational sun exposure is mainly associated with the prevalence of atypical nevi in our sample and this effect does not depend on skin phototype. Promotion of sun protection, especially in patients with high numbers of common nevi, might serve as a measure to prevent the development of atypical nevi.
Collapse
|
35
|
Wendt J, Schanab O, Binder M, Pehamberger H, Okamoto I. Site-dependent actinic skin damage as risk factor for melanoma in a central European population. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2012; 25:234-42. [PMID: 22145962 DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-148x.2011.00946.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Sun exposure is causal for melanoma but is subject to bias of recall so that it is difficult to dissect the role of particular patterns of sun exposure. In this hospital-based case-control study (n = 1991), we aimed to analyze pigmentation traits and signs of actinic damage at different anatomic locations as markers of melanoma risk in central European patients. Although all signs of actinic damage (freckling, wrinkling and solar lentigos) were significantly associated with melanoma risk in multivariate logistic regression models adjusting for age and sex, the strongest associations were observed for the dorsal parts of the body: adjusted odds ratios [OR] were 4.22 for wrinkling on the neck, 3.43 for solar lentigos and 3.37 for freckling on the back (all P < 0.001), respectively. These associations were independent of age, sex and pigmentation traits. Our results indicate that signs of actinic damage are predictors of melanoma risk, particularly on the back.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Judith Wendt
- Division of General Dermatology, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Rezze GG, Leon A, Duprat J. Dysplastic nevus (atypical nevus). An Bras Dermatol 2011; 85:863-71. [PMID: 21308311 DOI: 10.1590/s0365-05962010000600013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2009] [Accepted: 06/17/2010] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Atypical nevum (dysplastic) is considered an important factor associated with increased risk of developing cutaneous melanoma. It is believed that atypical nevi are precursor lesions of cutaneous melanoma. They may be present in patients with multiple melanocytic nevi (atypical nevus syndrome) or isolated and in small numbers in a non-familial context. The disease usually begins at puberty and predominates in young people. It has a predilection for sun-exposed areas, especially the trunk. The major challenge in relation to atypical nevi lies in the controversy of defining its nomenclature, clinical diagnosis, dermoscopic criteria, histopathological diagnosis and molecular aspects. This review aims at bringing knowledge, facilitating comprehension and clarifying doubts about atypical nevus.
Collapse
|
37
|
|
38
|
Csoma Z, Tóth-Molnár E, Balogh K, Polyánka H, Orvos H, Ocsai H, Kemény L, Széll M, Oláh J. Neonatal blue light phototherapy and melanocytic nevi: a twin study. Pediatrics 2011; 128:e856-64. [PMID: 21930537 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2011-0292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neonatal blue light phototherapy (NBLP) has been widely and successfully used for the treatment of neonatal jaundice to reduce the plasma concentration of bilirubin and, hence, to prevent kernicterus. Only a few and controversial data are available in the literature as to how NBLP influences melanocytic nevus development. OBJECTIVE Our goal was to conduct a twin study with the aim of better understanding the role of NBLP in melanocytic nevus development. We also investigated the roles of other environmental and constitutional factors in nevus formation. METHODS Fifty-nine monozygotic and dizygotic twins were included in this cross-sectional study. One of the twin members received NBLP, and the other did not. A whole-body skin examination was performed to determine the density of melanocytic skin lesions. The prevalence of benign pigmented uveal lesions was evaluated during a detailed ophthalmologic examination. A standardized questionnaire was used to assess data relating to constitutional, sun-exposure, and other variables. To search for possible gene-environmental interactions involved in the appearance of pigmented lesions, the melanocortin 1 receptor variants and the I439V polymorphism of histidine ammonia-lyase genes were also determined in the enrolled twins. RESULTS NBLP was associated with a significantly higher prevalence of both cutaneous and uveal melanocytic lesions. No association was found between the examined gene polymorphisms and the number of pigmented alterations in the examined study group. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that NBLP could well be a risk factor for melanocytic nevus development. Phototherapy with blue-light lamps is a standard and essential therapeutic modality in neonatal care; therefore, additional in vivo and in vitro studies are necessary to establish its potential long-term adverse effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zsanett Csoma
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Vierkötter A, Schikowski T, Ranft U, Sugiri D, Matsui M, Krämer U, Krutmann J. Airborne Particle Exposure and Extrinsic Skin Aging. J Invest Dermatol 2010; 130:2719-26. [DOI: 10.1038/jid.2010.204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 287] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
40
|
Fernandes JD, Machado MCR, Oliveira ZNP. Increased melanocytic nevi in patients with inherited ichthyoses: report of a previously undescribed association. Pediatr Dermatol 2010; 27:453-8. [PMID: 20561241 DOI: 10.1111/j.1525-1470.2010.01092.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Ichthyosis is a heterogeneous cornification disorder. Melanocytic lesions have not been previously described in association with ichthyosis. Their clinical importance lies in the fact that they may simulate melanoma clinically and dermoscopically, as seen in epidermolysis bullosa. The objective of this study was to evaluate the clinical, dermoscopic, and histopathologic features of nevi and lentigines in 16 patients with autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis-lamellar ichthyosis and nonbullous ichthyosiform congenital erythroderma. Patients underwent general clinical examination dermoscopy. The more suspicious lesions were excised and to histopathologic examination. Most patients (n = 13) reported no personal or familial history of melanoma or atypical nevi. All of the patients had at least five atypical melanocytic lesions. Ten of the 16 patients had at least one atypical nevus or lentigo. This study suggests that increased atypical melanocytic nevi may be a feature of long-standing congenital ichthyoses. Whether this finding is disease-related or a coincidental observation is difficult to ascertain. As an unequivocal discrimination from malignant melanoma in vivo is not always possible, regular clinical follow-up of patients with ichthyosis and increased or unusual nevi is recommended.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Dumêt Fernandes
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital das Clínicas, Medical School of the University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Seven-point checklist for dermatoscopy: Performance during 10 years of prospective surveillance of patients at increased melanoma risk. J Am Acad Dermatol 2010; 62:785-93. [PMID: 20226567 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2009.08.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2009] [Revised: 08/17/2009] [Accepted: 08/21/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
42
|
Shapira N. Nutritional approach to sun protection: a suggested complement to external strategies. Nutr Rev 2010; 68:75-86. [PMID: 20137053 DOI: 10.1111/j.1753-4887.2009.00264.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing incidence of skin cancer despite the use of externally applied sun protection strategies, alongside research showing that nutrients reduce photo-oxidative damage, suggest nutritional approaches could play a beneficial role in skin cancer prevention. Penetrating photo-oxidative ultraviolet A radiation reduces skin and blood antioxidants and damages cell components, including DNA. Dietary antioxidant vitamins, minerals, and phytochemicals in addition to n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, n-9 monounsaturated fatty acids, and low pro-inflammatory n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids, have demonstrated protective properties. The presence of these elements in the traditional Greek-style Mediterranean diet may have contributed to the low rates of melanoma in the Mediterranean region despite high levels of solar radiation. This suggests a potentially relevant model for studying dietary/nutritional supplementation for lifelong internal support of sun-protection mechanisms, which could complement external strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Niva Shapira
- Stanley Steyer School of Health Professions, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
State of the art, nomenclature, and points of consensus and controversy concerning benign melanocytic lesions: outcome of an international workshop. Adv Anat Pathol 2010; 17:73-90. [PMID: 20179431 DOI: 10.1097/pap.0b013e3181cfe758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The following communication summarizes the proceedings of a one-day International Workshop focusing on the histology of benign melanocytic nevi. Areas of controversy identified in 6 focus sessions were the nomenclature and relationships among common nevi including nevi with halo reactions, traumatized nevi, "dysplastic" nevi, and nevi from particular anatomic sites; developmental biology and frequency of malignant transformation associated with congenital nevi; the characterization and biologic nature of atypical spitzoid neoplasms; the basic definition of particular melanocytic cellular phenotypes, and the nomenclature and biologic nature of many candidate blue nevi, combined nevi, and other controversial lesions such as deep penetrating nevus and pigmented epithelioid melanocytoma. Concentrated data collection and follow-up, molecular characterization, and future consensus Workshops may facilitate the resolution of some of these problems. The Group recommended the description of ambiguous or "borderline" lesions as tumors with indeterminate or uncertain biologic/malignant potential. The participants also advised that such lesions at a minimum should be managed by complete excision with clear surgical margins.
Collapse
|
44
|
Lichte V, Dennenmoser B, Dietz K, Häfner HM, Schlagenhauff B, Garbe C, Fischer J, Moehrle M. Professional risk for skin cancer development in male mountain guides--a cross-sectional study. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2009; 24:797-804. [PMID: 20015058 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-3083.2009.03528.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE For reasons of their outdoor work, mountain guides (MG) are heavily exposed to ultraviolet radiation during their work. METHODS A standardized interview and examination were performed on 283 male MG (median 41 years) from Germany, Switzerland and Austria and 309 age-matched controls. The median occupation time as MG was 17 years; 39.9% were working full-time. RESULTS The incidence of skin cancer and precancerous lesions was obtained. Precancerous lesions as solar keratosis (SK) were significantly more frequent in MG (25.4% vs. 7.4%). There was no skin cancer [BCC, SSC, melanoma (MEL)] in the control subjects. Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) was diagnosed in 20 MG (7.1%) and SSC in four MG (1.4%). There were 10 highly suspicious melanocytic lesions; one MG had a histologically confirmed malignant MEL. Risk factors for SK in the multivariate analysis included occupation (P < 0.0001), age (P < 0.0001) and skin type (P = 0.0002). Within the MG group, age (P < 0.0001) and hair colour (P = 0.0058) were independent risk factors for SK. Severe lifetime sunburns (P = 0.0007) and skin type (P = 0.041) were the significant risk factors for BCC, within the MG group in addition to the number of guiding days (P = 0.010). The risk factor for skin cancer (BCC, SCC and MEL) was the number of heavy sunburns during lifetime (P = 0.0014). CONCLUSION The present study demonstrates an association between high occupational ultraviolet-exposure and an increased prevalence of precancerous skin lesions and skin cancer. MG may be considered as an example for other outdoor professionals. Skin cancer of outdoor workers is likely to be an occupational disease. Primary and secondary prevention should be enforced.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V Lichte
- Department of Dermatology, Eberhard-Karls-University, Tuebingen, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Garbe C, Peris K, Hauschild A, Saiag P, Middleton M, Spatz A, Grob JJ, Malvehy J, Newton-Bishop J, Stratigos A, Pehamberger H, Eggermont A. Diagnosis and treatment of melanoma: European consensus-based interdisciplinary guideline. Eur J Cancer 2009; 46:270-83. [PMID: 19959353 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2009.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2009] [Accepted: 10/29/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cutaneous melanoma (CM) is potentially the most dangerous form of skin tumour and causes 90% of skin cancer mortality. A unique collaboration of multi-disciplinary experts from the European Dermatology Forum, the European Association of Dermato-Oncology and the European Organization of Research and Treatment of Cancer was formed to make recommendations on CM diagnosis and treatment, based on systematic literature reviews and the experts' experience. Diagnosis is made clinically and staging is based upon the AJCC system. CMs are excised with one to two centimetre safety margins. Sentinel lymph node dissection is routinely offered as a staging procedure in patients with tumours more than 1mm in thickness, although there is as yet no resultant survival benefit. Interferon-alpha treatment can be offered to patients with more than 1.5mm in thickness and stage II to III melanoma as an adjuvant therapy, as this treatment increases the relapse-free survival. The lack of a clear survival benefit and the presence of toxicity however limit its use in practice. In distant metastasis, all options of surgical therapy have to be considered thoroughly. In the absence of surgical options, systemic medical treatment is indicated, but with, to date, low response rates. Therapeutic decisions should be made by the melanoma team and the informed patient after full discussion of the options.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claus Garbe
- Center for Dermatooncology, Department of Dermatology, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Aalborg J, Morelli JG, Mokrohisky ST, Asdigian NL, Byers TE, Dellavalle RP, Box NF, Crane LA. Tanning and increased nevus development in very-light-skinned children without red hair. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 145:989-96. [PMID: 19770437 DOI: 10.1001/archdermatol.2009.193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the relationship between tanning and nevus development in very-light-skinned children. DESIGN Prospective cohort nested within a randomized controlled trial. Skin examinations in 3 consecutive years (2004, 2005, and 2006) included full-body counts of nevi, skin color and tanning measurement using colorimetry, and hair and eye color evaluation by comparison with charts. Telephone interviews of parents provided sun exposure, sun protection, and sunburn history. SETTING Large managed-care organization and private pediatric offices in the Denver, Colorado, metropolitan area. PARTICIPANTS A total of 131 very-light-skinned white children without red hair and 444 darker-skinned white children without red hair born in Colorado in 1998. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Full-body nevus counts at ages 6 to 8 years. RESULTS Among very-light-skinned white children, geometric mean numbers of nevi for minimally tanned children were 14.8 at age 6 years; 18.8 at age 7 years; and 22.3 at age 8 years. Mean numbers of nevi for tanned children were 21.2 at age 6 years; 27.9 at age 7 years; and 31.9 at age 8 years. Differences in nevus counts between untanned and tanned children were statistically significant at all ages (P < .05 for all comparisons). The relationship between tanning and number of nevi was independent of the child's hair and eye color, parent-reported sun exposure, and skin phototype. Among darker-skinned white children, there was no relationship between tanning and nevi. CONCLUSIONS Very-light-skinned children who tan (based on objective measurement) develop more nevi than children who do not tan. These results suggest that light-skinned children who develop tans may be increasing their risk for developing melanoma later in life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Aalborg
- University of Colorado Denver, 13001 E 17th Pl, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Niederkorn A, Ahlgrimm-Siess V, Fink-Puches R, Wolf IH, Richtig E, Lackner HK, Hofmann-Wellenhof R. Frequency, clinical and dermoscopic features of benign papillomatous melanocytic naevi (Unna type). Br J Dermatol 2009; 161:510-4. [PMID: 19466956 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2009.09239.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Niederkorn
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz, Graz, Austria
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Richtig E, Jung E, Asbäck K, Trapp M, Hofmann-Wellenhof R. Knowledge and perception of melanocytic nevi and sunburn in young children. Pediatr Dermatol 2009; 26:519-23. [PMID: 19840304 DOI: 10.1111/j.1525-1470.2008.00854.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Understanding the public's perception of nevi and sunburn is crucial to melanoma prevention efforts. METHODS We investigated the knowledge and perception of melanocytic nevi and sunburns in 77 children 6 to 10 years old (mean 8.2) in two elementary schools in Styria, Austria. The children were interviewed by specially trained psychologists about the number of their moles and how they felt having them. Additionally questions about sunburn history and sunburn perception were asked. The spontaneous answers of the children were recorded, there were no pregiven answers. Afterwards the children were examined by dermatologists clinically and with dermatoscopes. RESULTS The 96% of the children could describe a nevus (the term "mole" was translated to "nevus") and 91% did not feel bothered about theirs. Only 26% had noted the appearance of new nevi within the last year. The 67% of all children had at least one sunburn and remembered the clinical features. The 20% of the children knew that sunburns could provoke skin cancer. All children felt comfortable during the clinical and dermatoscopic examination. CONCLUSION Children aged from 6 to 10 years know exactly why they had suffered from sunburn, can describe the sunburn and how to avoid it. They do not feel bothered by their nevi and are alert to the appearance of new nevi.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erika Richtig
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Abstract
Rising incidence rates of cutaneous melanoma have been observed during the last four decades in white populations worldwide. The cancer statistics in the United States have revealed 6 cases per 100,000 and year at the beginning of the 1970s and 18 cases per 100,000 inhabitants and year at the beginning of 2000, demonstrating a threefold increase in incidence rates. Incidence rates in central Europe increased in the same time period from 3 to 4 cases to 10 to 15 cases per 100,000 inhabitants and year, which is very similar to the increase in the United States. Cohort studies from several countries indicate that the trend of increasing incidence rates will continue in the future for at least the next 2 decades; thus, an additional doubling of incidence rates is expected. The highest incidence rates have been reported from Australia and New Zealand, from 40 to 60 cases per 100,000 inhabitants and year. Mortality rates likewise slightly increased in the United States and in Europe during the 1970s and 1980s. In the 1990 s, however, a leveling off of mortality rates was observed in many countries. Simultaneously, a clear decrease of Breslow tumor thickness was reported in the United States and European countries. This development indicates improved early recognition of cutaneous melanoma, which is presently the main factor for a more favorable prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claus Garbe
- Division of Dermato-oncology, Eberhard Karls-University, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany.
| | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Friedman RJ, Farber MJ, Warycha MA, Papathasis N, Miller MK, Heilman ER. The "dysplastic" nevus. Clin Dermatol 2009; 27:103-15. [PMID: 19095156 DOI: 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2008.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Dysplastic nevi have become an increasing focus clinically, with evidence that they are associated with a higher risk of developing melanoma. However, there still is contention regarding the significance of dysplastic nevi. This contribution provides an overview of the history, epidemiology, genetics, clinical and histologic features, and procedures for clinical management of dysplastic nevi. Since dysplastic nevi were described originally in 1978, a great deal of research has examined the epidemiology of these lesions and the genetic factors related to the development of dysplastic nevi. However, there is disagreement regarding the clinical management of dysplastic nevi and the histologic definition of dysplastic nevi. Current recommendations include preventative measures, such as sun protection and careful surveillance and biopsies of suspicious lesions as needed. The advent of new technologies, such as computer-vision systems, have the potential to significantly change treatment of dysplastic nevi in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Friedman
- Department of Dermatology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|