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Nordlund JJ. The significance of depigmentation. PIGMENT CELL RESEARCH 2008; Suppl 2:237-41. [PMID: 1409425 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0749.1990.tb00378.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J J Nordlund
- University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Department of Dermatology, Ohio 45221
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2
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Sotiriou E, Apalla Z, Panagiotidou D, Ioannides D. Partial pigmentary regression of a congenital nevocytic naevus without halo phenomenon followed by generalized vitiligo. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2008; 23:600-1. [PMID: 18771443 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-3083.2008.02977.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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3
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FERNÁNDEZ-HERRERA J, FERNÁNDKZ-RUIZ E, LÓPEZ-CABRERA M, GARCÍA-DÍEZ A, SÁNCHEZ-MADRID F, GONZÁLEZ-AMARO R. CD69 expression and tumour necrosis factor-α immunoreactivity in the inflammatory cell infiltrate of halo naevi. Br J Dermatol 2008. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2133.1996.20755.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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4
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Mandalia MR, Skillman JM, Cook MG, Powell BWEM. Halo naevus or malignant melanoma? A case report. BRITISH JOURNAL OF PLASTIC SURGERY 2002; 55:512-3. [PMID: 12479428 DOI: 10.1054/bjps.2002.3891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
It is generally felt that a halo naevus is benign, and patients can be reassured. The lesion is frequently left alone. We present a case where the clinician felt reassured, but at the patient's insistence the lesion was excised. The histology result was not anticipated.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Mandalia
- Department of Plastic Surgery, St George's Hospital, London, UK
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5
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Shin JH, Kim MJ, Cho S, Whang KK, Hahm JH. A case of giant congenital nevocytic nevus with neurotization and onset of vitiligo. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2002; 16:384-6. [PMID: 12224698 DOI: 10.1046/j.1468-3083.2002.00563.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The authors report the case of a 21-year-old woman with a giant congenital nevocytic nevus (GCNN) who developed vitiligo at the age of 16 years on skin areas remote from the GCNN. This is the first reported case of GCNN developing neurotization combined with vitiliginous changes within the GCNN lesion. Treatment with PUVA achieved repigmentation of the vitiligo lesions, except for the hypochromic areas within the area of the nevus that were shielded from UVA radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Shin
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
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6
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Musette P, Bachelez H, Flageul B, Delarbre C, Kourilsky P, Dubertret L, Gachelin G. Immune-Mediated Destruction of Melanocytes in Halo Nevi Is Associated with the Local Expansion of a Limited Number of T Cell Clones. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 1999. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.162.3.1789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The β-chain repertoire of the T cells that infiltrate spontaneously regressing nevi (the halo nevus phenomenon) was studied. In addition to the infiltration of the halo nevi by cutaneous lymphocyte-associated Ag-positive lymphocytes, oligoclonal expansion of T cells was observed in all halo nevi of all patients. T cells using the same TCR β-chain were observed in distinct halo nevi of the same patient but not in his peripheral blood, demonstrating a local expansion of common clones that are most likely activated by the Ag(s) shared by independent halo nevi of the same patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Musette
- *Institut de Recherche sur la Peau, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U312, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France; and
- †Institut Pasteur, Unité de Biologie Moléculaire du Gène, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U277, Département d’Immunologie, Paris, France
| | - Hervé Bachelez
- *Institut de Recherche sur la Peau, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U312, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France; and
| | - Béatrice Flageul
- *Institut de Recherche sur la Peau, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U312, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France; and
| | - Christiane Delarbre
- †Institut Pasteur, Unité de Biologie Moléculaire du Gène, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U277, Département d’Immunologie, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Kourilsky
- †Institut Pasteur, Unité de Biologie Moléculaire du Gène, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U277, Département d’Immunologie, Paris, France
| | - Louis Dubertret
- *Institut de Recherche sur la Peau, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U312, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France; and
| | - Gabriel Gachelin
- †Institut Pasteur, Unité de Biologie Moléculaire du Gène, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U277, Département d’Immunologie, Paris, France
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7
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Bystryn
- Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University School of Medicine, NY 10016, USA
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8
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FERNÁNDEZ-HERRERA J, FERNÁNDKZ-RUIZ E, LÓPEZ-CABRERA M, GARCÍA-DÍEZ A, SÁNCHEZ-MADRID F, GONZÁLEZ-AMARO R. CD69 expression and tumour necrosis factor-α immunoreactivity in the inflammatory cell infiltrate of halo naevi. Br J Dermatol 1996. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.1996.tb16219.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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9
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Abstract
One hundred and forty-two (142) halo nevi were reviewed. For 66 cases the diagnosis of halo nevus was made both clinically and pathologically, and for 76 cases the diagnosis was based on histological grounds alone. The nevi were classified by type and by degree of atypia. Of the 142 nevi, all were compound, junctional, or intradermal nevi except for one case of a Spitz nevus and two cases that could not be further classified. For those with a clinicopathological diagnosis of halo nevus, 11% exhibited moderate atypia; 16% exhibited minimal atypia to only focally moderate atypia; 24% minimal atypia; and 49% exhibited no significant atypia. For those cases where the diagnosis was pathological only, there was also a broad spectrum of atypia identified, with 8% exhibiting focally severe or severe atypia. This study supports the concept that the halo nevus should not be regarded as a single clinicopathological entity, but rather that the halo phenomenon occurs in a wide spectrum of nevus types exhibiting a wide spectrum of histological atypia. The pathologist is therefore encouraged to classify halo nevi on the basis of the nevus cell population alone, using whatever classification normally utilized.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Mooney
- Division of Dermatology, UMDNJ-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, USA
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10
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Takata M, Hirone T, Matsumura H. β 2 Microglobulin Expression in Normal Melanocytes, Nevocellular Nevi, and Malignant Melanomas. J Invest Dermatol 1989. [DOI: 10.1038/jid.1989.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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11
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Takata M, Hirone T, Matsumura H. Beta 2 microglobulin expression in normal melanocytes, nevocellular nevi, and malignant melanomas. J Invest Dermatol 1989; 92:243S-247S. [PMID: 2654298 DOI: 10.1111/1523-1747.ep13075770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Expression of beta 2 microglobulin (beta 2M), a light chain of class 1 HLA antigen, was studied in normal melanocytes and in benign and malignant melanocytic tumors by use of immunohistochemical methods. By immunoelectron microscopy, normal melanocytes were shown to express beta 2M on the cell surface. In lentigo maligna melanomas and acral lentiginous melanomas, the mean percentages of beta 2M-positive tumor cells were significantly lower in thick (greater than 1.50 mm) primary lesions and metastases than in thin (less than or equal to 1.50 mm) primary lesions. The evidence suggests that melanocyte-derived melanoma clones with a low grade of malignancy preserve class 1 HLA expression, and that the clones with a high grade of malignancy tend to lose the antigen expression. Nevus cells in common nevi have little or no expression of beta 2M. In halo nevi, however, beta 2M were detected on nevus cells in the lesions associated with inflammatory infiltration. Immunohistochemical analyses of the cellular composition of the inflammatory cells in halo nevi demonstrated the presence of cytotoxic T cells together with helper/inducer T cells, Langerhans cells, and macrophages. It appears that nevus cells of halo nevi are destroyed by cytotoxic T cells and that class 1 HLA antigens expressed on nevus cells play an important role in the target cell recognition and lysis by specific cytotoxic T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Takata
- Department of Dermatology, Kanazawa University School of Medicine, Japan
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12
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Berman B, Shaieb AM, France DS, Altchek DD. Halo giant congenital melanocytic nevus: in vitro immunologic studies. J Am Acad Dermatol 1988; 19:954-60. [PMID: 3057001 DOI: 10.1016/s0190-9622(88)70258-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
We have assessed in vitro humoral and cell-mediated immune reactions of a patient with a giant congenital melanocytic nevus that showed clinical and histologic evidence of spontaneous regression. Nevus cell-specific antibody was detected in the patient's serum, which was cytotoxic to epidermal cells isolated from the pigmented nevus and specifically to cells of a human melanoma line in a complement-dependent fashion. The presence of epidermal Langerhans cells, known to be antigen-presenting cells, was required for nevus cell-specific activation of the patient's T lymphocytes. Antibody-independent inhibition of melanoma cell growth was detected by the use of the patient's mononuclear cells. Therefore both humoral and cell-mediated immunity may be involved in nevus cell rejection and halo formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Berman
- Dermatology Service, Veterans Administration Medical Center, Martinez, CA 94553
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Norris DA, Kissinger RM, Naughton GM, Bystryn JC. Evidence for immunologic mechanisms in human vitiligo: patients' sera induce damage to human melanocytes in vitro by complement-mediated damage and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. J Invest Dermatol 1988; 90:783-9. [PMID: 3373009 DOI: 10.1111/1523-1747.ep12461505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Human vitiligo is a common depigmenting disorder that is often associated with polyendocrinopathies. The etiology of vitiligo is unknown although there is indirect evidence of a strong association between antimelanocyte antibodies in animal and human vitiligo. We report direct evidence that vitiligo patients' sera containing antimelanocyte antibodies can lyse cultured human melanocytes by both complement activation and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). Melanocyte cytotoxicity was measured using an ethidium bromide/acridine orange viability assay, after 4 and 16 h incubation with sera from vitiligo patients and from normal controls. Significant melanocyte cytotoxicity was seen with vitiligo patients' sera as an antibody source with both complement-mediated cytotoxicity (p less than 0.01) and ADCC (p less than 0.05) as effector mechanisms. Nine of 11 vitiligo patients' sera produced cytotoxicity by complement-mediated lysis or ADCC. No cytotoxicity was seen using fibroblast targets and vitiligo patients' sera. The lysis of human melanocytes by vitiligo patients' sera by two different effector mechanisms provides direct support for the autoimmune hypothesis of human vitiligo.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Norris
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver 80262
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14
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Chang MA, Fournier G, Koh HK, Sober AJ, Nakagawa H, Fitzpatrick TB, Albert DM. Ocular abnormalities associated with cutaneous melanoma and vitiligolike leukoderma. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 1986; 224:529-35. [PMID: 3792849 DOI: 10.1007/bf02154741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Several varieties of ocular pathology are associated with acquired cutaneous hypomelanosis (leukoderma; vitiligo). Our current study was undertaken to investigate the relationship between ophthalmologic disorders and a specific depigmentary phenomenon, the vitiligolike leukoderma of cutaneous melanoma. Over the past 14 years, eight patients with cutaneous melanoma and widespread areas of hypopigmentation were identified at the Pigmented Lesion Clinic of the Massachusetts General Hospital. The seven patients who underwent ophthalmologic examination had pigment-related ocular abnormalities. Among these were inflammations of the uveal tract in three patients, heterochromia in two, halo nevi of the choroid in one, and hypopigmentation and/or atrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium or choroid in four. Our findings demonstrate that ocular disease may be a component in a syndrome consisting also of cutaneous melanoma and vitiligolike leukoderma and suggest the need for complete ophthalmologic examinations in patients with melanoma and leukoderma.
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Halder RM, Walters CS, Johnson BA, Chakrabarti SG, Kenney JA. Aberrations in T lymphocytes and natural killer cells in vitiligo: a flow cytometric study. J Am Acad Dermatol 1986; 14:733-7. [PMID: 2940268 DOI: 10.1016/s0190-9622(86)70085-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Twenty-five patients with vitiligo and twenty-five healthy control subjects were evaluated with the use of flow cytometry to compare percentages of peripheral T lymphocytes and natural killer cells. The percentages of total T lymphocytes, helper T cells, suppressor T cells, and natural killer cells were evaluated with the use of OKT3, OKT4, OKT8, and Leu-7 monoclonal antibodies, respectively. Mean total T lymphocytes and helper T cells were markedly depressed; mean natural killer cells were markedly elevated and mean suppressor T cells were moderately elevated in patients with vitiligo in comparison with control subjects. These results indicate that cell-mediated immunity is subject to some defect in regulation in patients with vitiligo. It remains to be determined whether these abnormalities are a direct cause or a result of vitiligo. Antibody-dependent cytotoxicity, utilizing killer cells with recently reported antimelanocyte antibodies found in patients, may be responsible for pigment cell destruction in vitiligo. Helper T cells may be reduced because of low levels or faulty production of T lymphocyte-stimulating factors in patients or because of a serum factor in patients that is toxic to helper T cells. The presence or absence of autoimmune and/or endocrine disease in patients with vitiligo had no effect on lymphocyte populations. There seemed to be a trend toward lower levels of helper T cells in patients having vitiligo for the shortest amount of time. In summary, the data indicate immunologic abnormalities in patients with vitiligo.
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Imam A, Mitchell MS, Modlin RL, Taylor CR, Kempf RA, Kan-Mitchell J. Human monoclonal antibodies that distinguish cutaneous malignant melanomas from benign nevi in fixed tissue sections. J Invest Dermatol 1986; 86:145-8. [PMID: 3528308 DOI: 10.1111/1523-1747.ep12284184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Human monoclonal antibodies were generated by fusing a nonsecretory variant of murine myeloma cells with lymphocytes obtained from the lymph nodes of patients with metastatic cutaneous malignant melanoma. Two human IgG monoclonal antibodies, designated 2-139-1 and 6-26-3, were extensively studied for their patterns of binding to cells in 64 specimens of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections. These comprised: 23 cutaneous and 2 ocular melanomas; 4 specimens of lentigo maligna; 27 benign nevi; 2 basal and 2 squamous cell neoplasms of the skin; and 4 specimens of normal skin. A direct avidin-biotin-immunoperoxidase staining method was used. Under these conditions, the antibodies reacted with variable intensity to all 18 primary cutaneous malignant melanomas, 5 metastatic cutaneous melanomas, and both ocular melanomas. Antibody 2-139-1 reacted with 1 of 4 specimens and 6-26-3 with 3 of 4 specimens of lentigo maligna. Two of 5 dysplastic nevi reacted with both antibodies, each with a smaller proportion of cells than with melanomas. There was no reactivity with the 22 other nevi representing a spectrum of histologic types or with normal melanocytes. Basal cell and squamous cell carcinomas of the skin also were not stained. These human monoclonal antibodies appear to be useful in distinguishing malignant melanomas from benign nevi, with the exception of dysplastic nevi, and from basal and squamous cancers of the skin in routinely prepared tissue sections. They may also help to identify the cytoplasmic antigens that are immunogenic in humans.
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Bergman W, Willemze R, de Graaff-Reitsma C, Ruiter DJ. Analysis of major histocompatibility antigens and the mononuclear cell infiltrate in halo nevi. J Invest Dermatol 1985; 85:25-9. [PMID: 3159801 DOI: 10.1111/1523-1747.ep12274521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
A series of monoclonal antibodies was used to characterize the nevomelanocytes and the inflammatory infiltrate of 11 halo nevi in different stages of resolution, employing an immunoperoxidase technique. Three of the 11 halo nevi histologically showed signs of mild or moderate nevomelanocytic atypia. It was found that the vast majority of the nevomelanocytes in halo nevi with a dense inflammatory infiltrate markedly expressed HLA-A,B,C antigens, while expression was not demonstrable in nevocellular nests not adjacent to the mononuclear infiltrate. No difference in expression of HLA-A,B,C antigens was found between the 3 cases with mild or moderate nevomelanocytic atypia and the other cases lacking atypia. Expression of HLA-DR (Ia-like) antigens was found on few nevomelanocytes in only 2 of 11 lesions. The cellular composition of the mononuclear inflammatory infiltrate showed a predominance of T cells (80% or more) with a relatively high proportion of cytotoxic/suppressor T cells. Most of the T cells showed signs of activation as judged by staining for HLA-DR antigens. These results demonstrate that the expression of HLA-A,B,C antigens on the nevomelanocytes and the cellular composition of the mononuclear inflammatory infiltrate in halo nevi are very similar to that in malignant melanomas and dysplastic neiv. These findings also indicate the expression of HLA-A,B,C antigens on nevomelanocytes is primarily dependent on the presence of T-cell immune response and not necessarily related to the presence of nevomelanocytic atypia.
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Lerner AB, Kirkwood JM. Vitiligo and melanoma: can genetically abnormal melanocytes result in both vitiligo and melanoma within a single family? J Am Acad Dermatol 1984; 11:696-701. [PMID: 6490994 DOI: 10.1016/s0190-9622(84)80421-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
We found twelve families with melanoma who had close family members with halo nevi, early graying of hair, a halo primary melanoma, or ordinary vitiligo. On the basis of these findings and the observation of others in fish, horses, and pigs with melanomas, we suggest that the melanocytes of people with vitiligo or with a genetic background for vitiligo are predisposed to undergo a malignant transformation. The presence of vitiligo appears as a manifestation of host suppression of malignant melanocytes.
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Nordlund JJ, Kirkwood JM, Forget BM, Milton G, Albert DM, Lerner AB. Vitiligo in patients with metastatic melanoma: a good prognostic sign. J Am Acad Dermatol 1983; 9:689-96. [PMID: 6643767 DOI: 10.1016/s0190-9622(83)70182-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
We have identified and studied twenty-seven patients with melanoma who also had vitiligo. Four patients had vitiligo before the diagnosis of melanoma, and twenty-three developed depigmentation after the diagnosis of malignancy. We also have reviewed published reports about twenty-four other patients with melanoma who developed vitiligo. The clinical course of the melanoma in the fifty-one patients was remarkably similar. Thirty-seven had a melanoma arising at a site which tends to carry a poor prognosis, for example, on the trunk, under the nail, or on the mucous membranes. Forty-nine patients had metastases in regional lymph nodes or at distal sites. Thirty-three patients survived 5 years, and twenty-five survived 10 years. These data suggest that the appearance of vitiligo in patients with metastatic melanoma portends a longer survival than expected. The patients with vitiligo are not necessarily cured and eventually may succumb to metastatic disease. We were unable to determine whether the vitiligo caused retardation of tumor growth or whether the melanoma caused vitiligo.
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Koh HK, Sober AJ, Nakagawa H, Albert DM, Mihm MC, Fitzpatrick TB. Malignant melanoma and vitiligo-like leukoderma: an electron microscopic study. J Am Acad Dermatol 1983; 9:696-708. [PMID: 6643768 DOI: 10.1016/s0190-9622(83)70183-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
We report clinical and ultrastructural results in eight patients with melanoma and widespread leukoderma. Leukoderma appears to be a good prognostic sign. Although some features of this entity are suggestive of vitiligo, the patients' age, the distribution and appearance of body lesions, and ultrastructural results show a more varied clinical and ultrastructural spectrum. The high frequency of ocular pigmentary disturbances and uveitis in this patient population is noteworthy and deserves further study. We would recommend routine use of Wood's light examination in following patients with thick stage I, stage II, or stage III melanoma to facilitate detection of this phenomenon.
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Hakim AA. Effect of estradiol and degree of cell differentiation on human melanoma susceptibility to killing by monoclonal antibodies. Immunol Lett 1982; 4:59-64. [PMID: 7061114 DOI: 10.1016/0165-2478(82)90079-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
An estradiol non-responsive melanotic (E-M+ShA) was derived from an estradiol-responsive melanotic (E+M+ShA), and an estradiol-responsive amelanotic (E+M-SR) was derived from estradiol non-responsive amelanotic (E-M-SR) cell lines by deprivation and supplementation of the culture medium with estradiol, respectively. E+M+ShA cells became E-M+ShA after 5 weeks, i.e. 2 subcultures, of culture in the absence of estrogen, and E-M-SR cells became E+M-SR after 7 weeks, i.e. 2 subcultures, of culture in the presence of 10(-7) M 17 beta-estradiol. Spleen lymphocytes from mice pre-immunized with E+M+ShA, E-M+ShA, E-M-SR and E+M-SR have been fused with murine non-producer myeloma cells to obtain mouse-mouse hybridoma cultures that synthesize monoclonal antibodies against human malignant melanoma. The complement-dependent cytotoxin activities of these antibodies linked responsiveness to estradiol with melanotropin biosynthesis.
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23
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Nordlund JJ, Taylor NT, Albert DM, Wagoner MD, Lerner AB. The prevalence of vitiligo and poliosis in patients with uveitis. J Am Acad Dermatol 1981; 4:528-36. [PMID: 7195407 DOI: 10.1016/s0190-9622(81)70051-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Vitiligo is a disease of cutaneous pigment cells. Recently we reported that one third of patients with vitiligo had destructive lesions in the retinal pigment epithelium and/or the choroid which were visible by ophthalmologic examination. To determine whether abnormalities of the pigment system of the eye and skin are in fact associated, we examined for vitiligo the skin and hair of 107 patients with active uveitis. Thirty-four patients had an infectious or a known cause for their uveitis and none of these had vitiligo. In contrast, six of seventy-three patients (8%) with idiopathic uveitis had vitiligo or early graying of the hair. Seven other patients with active inflammatory diseases of the ocular pigment system were referred for evaluation of white spots on the skin. One of these patients was legally blind (correlated visual acuity less than 20/200 in both eyes) due to chorioretinal scars in the fovea. The finding that vitiligo is more common than expected in patients with uveitis is significant biologically and statistically. This observation supports our hypothesis that the same systemic factors, probably immunologic, are responsible for destroying pigment cells in the skin (vitiligo) and the eye (uveitis).
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