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Wang Y, Wei W, Wang Y, Liu X, Jin Q, Wang X. Medium- and long-chain triacylglycerols as enteral nutrition enhancing the nutritional status of postoperative rats undergoing chemotherapy by increasing the bioavailability of functional fatty acids. Food Chem 2024; 468:142410. [PMID: 39667238 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.142410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2024] [Revised: 11/20/2024] [Accepted: 12/06/2024] [Indexed: 12/14/2024]
Abstract
Medium- and long-chain triacylglycerols (MLCTs) have been widely used in the field of pharmaceutical nutrition. However, the application of MLCT as enteral nutrition remains underexplored. Our previous in vitro digestion experiment revealed that MLCTs can improve the bioaccessibility of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in comparison with physically mixed oils (MOs). In this study, we showed that MLCTs promote enhance triglyceride synthesis and secretion in Caco-2 cells, as evidenced by significant upregulation of RNA transcription levels of FATP4, L-FABP, and PPARα (p < 0.05) compared with MOs. Animal experiment results show that MLCTs can improve the energy metabolism and liver function, decrease NF-κB p65 and inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-8 of rats undergoing chemotherapy postoperatively. This was related to the elevated bioavailability and metabolic efficiency of functional fatty acids in MLCTs. Besides, RT-qPCR, western blot, and immunohistochemical analyses confirme that MLCTs downregulate the expression of proinflammatory factors by suppressing the liver NF-κB signal transduction pathway, thereby improving the nutritional status of rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yandan Wang
- State Key Lab of Food Science and Resources, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; School of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China; Jiahe Food Industry Co., Ltd, Suzhou 215000, China
| | - Wei Wei
- State Key Lab of Food Science and Resources, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yongjin Wang
- State Key Lab of Food Science and Resources, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xiaojing Liu
- State Key Lab of Food Science and Resources, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Qingzhe Jin
- State Key Lab of Food Science and Resources, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xingguo Wang
- State Key Lab of Food Science and Resources, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
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2
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Xie W, Liu H, Lin Q, Lian L, Liang B. Association of non-high-density lipoprotein to high-density lipoprotein ratio (NHHR) with prognosis in cancer survivors: a population-based study in the United States. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1430835. [PMID: 39296499 PMCID: PMC11409846 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1430835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Patients with cancer frequently exhibit alterations in serum lipid profiles associated with chemotherapy. It has been reported that lipid distribution in cancer correlates with tumor progression. However, the prognostic value of serum lipid biomarkers in cancer survivors remains a subject of debate. We aim to explore the relationship between non-high-density lipoprotein to high-density lipoprotein ratio (NHHR) and the prognosis of cancer survivors. Methods In this study, we analyzed cancer survivor data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 1999-2000 to 2017-2018. The study included prospective cohorts that included total cholesterol (TC) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels as well as mortality data. Weighted multivariate cox regression models, competing risk models and restricted cubic spline (RCS) models were applied to investigate the association between NHHR and cancer survival. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were performed to test the robustness of the results. Results This study involved 4,177 participants, representing about 19.6 million U.S. adults. After adjustment for various factors, the lower NHHR group (≤1.64) had a 31% (HR 1.31; 95% CI [1.11,1.54], p = 0.001) higher risk of death from any cause compared to the higher NHHR group. The link between NHHR and mortality remained stable across most subgroups, with notable interactions for smoking (p = 0.006) and diabetes status (p = 0.046). A J-shaped pattern was observed between NHHR and all-cause mortality, significantly among obesity-related cancer survivors (overall association test p-value = 0.0068, non-linear association test p-value = 0.0016). However, a non-significant negative correlation was observed for cancer-specific mortality (overall association test p-value = 0.48, non-linear association test p-value = 0.66). Considering the competitive risk of heart disease and cancer-specific mortality, there is no difference between the high and low NHHR groups, while the low NHHR group showed an increased risk of non-specific causes of death (p < 0.001). Conclusion The results of this study suggest that NHHR is an important indicator that is strongly associated with all-cause mortality in cancer survivors, and that this relationship may be influenced by the interaction of diabetes and smoking status. This finding may provide important information for future research and patient management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxia Xie
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Huizhuo Liu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qiaoxin Lin
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Liyou Lian
- Department of Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Bin Liang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Ghoreishy SM, Zeraattalab-Motlagh S, Amiri Khosroshahi R, Hemmati A, Noormohammadi M, Mohammadi H. Dose-Dependent Impacts of Omega-3 Fatty Acids Supplementation on Anthropometric Variables in Patients With Cancer: Results From a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials. Clin Nutr Res 2024; 13:186-200. [PMID: 39165286 PMCID: PMC11333147 DOI: 10.7762/cnr.2024.13.3.186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Meta-analyses have been conducted with conflicting results on this topic. Due to missing several eligible studies in previous meta-analysis by Lam et al., we conducted an extensive systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials in this regard. A comprehensive search was conducted across various databases, including MEDLINE/PubMed, ISI Web of Knowledge, Scopus, and Google Scholar, until November 2023. Based on the analysis of 33 studies comprising 2,047 individuals, it was found that there was a significant increase in body weight for each 1 g/day increase in omega-3 lipids (standardized MD [SMD], 0.52 kg; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.31, 0.73; I2 = 95%; Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation [GRADE] = low). Supplementation of omega-3 fatty acids did not yield a statistically significant impact on body mass index (BMI) (SMD, 0.12 kg/m2; 95% CI, -0.02, 0.27; I2 = 79%; GRADE = very low), lean body mass (LBM) (SMD, -0.02 kg; 95% CI, -0.43, 0.39; I2 = 97%; GRADE = very low), fat mass (SMD, 0.45 kg; 95% CI, -0.25, 1.15; I2 = 96%; GRADE = low), and body fat (SMD, 0.30%; 95% CI, -0.90, 1.51; I2 = 96%; GRADE = very low). After excluding 2 studies, the findings were significant for BMI. Regarding the results of the dose-response analysis, body weight increased proportionally by increasing the dose of omega-3 supplementation up to 4 g/day. Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation can improve body weight, but not BMI, LBM, fat mass, or body fat in cancer patients; large-scale randomized trials needed for more reliable results. Trial Registration PROSPERO Identifier: CRD42023395341.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Mojtaba Ghoreishy
- Student Research Committee, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14665-354, Iran
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14665-354, Iran
| | | | - Reza Amiri Khosroshahi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14155-6117, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Hemmati
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14155-6117, Iran
| | - Morvarid Noormohammadi
- Student Research Committee, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14665-354, Iran
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14665-354, Iran
| | - Hamed Mohammadi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14155-6117, Iran
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4
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Yang Z, Chen L, Zeng C, Guo Z, Zhang W, Tian T, Huang Z, Jiang L. Encapsulation and characterization of soy protein-based ω-3 medium- and long- chain triacylglycerols microencapsulated with diverse homogenization techniques for improving oxidation stability. Food Chem 2024; 444:138601. [PMID: 38325083 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.138601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Recently, MLCTs have attracted considerable attention as a potential alternative to traditional oils due to their suppressive effect on fat accumulation and insulin sensitivity. In this study, the microcapsules of MLCTs with superior performance were fabricated through different homogenization processes to overcome the limitations of ω-3 medium- and long- chain triacylglycerols (MLCTs), including poor stability and prone oxidation. Additionally, the impact of various homogenization techniques, namely, high-pressure, ultrasound, and cavitation jet, on the particle structure, encapsulation efficiency, and oxidation stability of microcapsules (MLCTs) was investigated. The MLCTs microcapsules fabricated through high-pressure homogenization had a smaller particle size of 295.12 nm, lower PDI of 0.24, and a higher zeta-potential absolute value of 32.65, which significantly improved their dispersion and encapsulation efficiency, reaching 94.56 % after the spray-drying process. Furthermore, the low moisture content and superior storage stability of MLCTs microcapsules have the potential to serve as carriers of liposoluble actives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Yang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Liang Chen
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Chili Zeng
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Zengwang Guo
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Weimin Zhang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Tian Tian
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Zhaoxian Huang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Nanfan and High-Efficiency Tropical Agriculture, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
| | - Lianzhou Jiang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Nanfan and High-Efficiency Tropical Agriculture, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
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5
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Hao S, Ge P, Su W, Wang Y, Abd El-Aty AM, Tan M. Steady-State Delivery and Chemical Modification of Food Nutrients to Improve Cancer Intervention Ability. Foods 2024; 13:1363. [PMID: 38731734 PMCID: PMC11083276 DOI: 10.3390/foods13091363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a crucial global health problem, and prevention is an important strategy to reduce the burden of the disease. Daily diet is the key modifiable risk factor for cancer, and an increasing body of evidence suggests that specific nutrients in foods may have a preventive effect against cancer. This review summarizes the current evidence on the role of nutrients from foods in cancer intervention. It discusses the potential mechanisms of action of various dietary components, including phytochemicals, vitamins, minerals, and fiber. The findings of epidemiological and clinical studies on their association with cancer risk are highlighted. The foods are rich in bioactive compounds such as carotenoids, flavonoids, and ω-3 fatty acids, which have been proven to have anticancer properties. The effects of steady-state delivery and chemical modification of these food's bioactive components on anticancer and intervention are summarized. Future research should focus on identifying the specific bioactive compounds in foods responsible for their intervention effects and exploring the potential synergistic effects of combining different nutrients in foods. Dietary interventions that incorporate multiple nutrients and whole foods may hold promise for reducing the risk of cancer and improving overall health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijia Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing and Safety Control, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China; (S.H.); (P.G.); (W.S.); (Y.W.)
- Academy of Food Interdisciplinary Science, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
- Dalian Key Laboratory for Precision Nutrition, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Peng Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing and Safety Control, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China; (S.H.); (P.G.); (W.S.); (Y.W.)
- Academy of Food Interdisciplinary Science, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
- Dalian Key Laboratory for Precision Nutrition, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Wentao Su
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing and Safety Control, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China; (S.H.); (P.G.); (W.S.); (Y.W.)
- Academy of Food Interdisciplinary Science, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
- Dalian Key Laboratory for Precision Nutrition, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Yuxiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing and Safety Control, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China; (S.H.); (P.G.); (W.S.); (Y.W.)
- Academy of Food Interdisciplinary Science, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
- Dalian Key Laboratory for Precision Nutrition, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - A. M. Abd El-Aty
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt;
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Ataturk University, Erzurum 25240, Turkey
| | - Mingqian Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing and Safety Control, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China; (S.H.); (P.G.); (W.S.); (Y.W.)
- Academy of Food Interdisciplinary Science, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
- Dalian Key Laboratory for Precision Nutrition, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
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6
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Hu S, Li W, Cai Z, Tang C, Li B, Liu S, Li Y. Research progress on chitin/chitosan-based emulsion delivery systems and their application in lipid digestion regulation. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023; 64:13275-13297. [PMID: 37811646 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2264392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Excessive lipid intake is linked to an elevated risk of health problems. However, reducing lipid contents may influence food structure and flavor. Some alternatives are needed to control the lipid absorption. Emulsions are common carriers for lipids, which can control the hydrolysis and absorption of lipids. Chitin (Ch) and chitosan (CS) are natural polysaccharides with good biodegradability, biocompatibility, and unique cationic properties. They have been reported to be able to delay lipolysis, which can be regarded as one of the most promising agents that regulates lipid digestion (LiD). The application of Ch/CS and their derivatives in emulsions are summarized in this review with a focus on their performances and mechanisms for LiD regulation, aiming to provide theoretical guidance for the development of novel Ch/CS emulsions, and the regulation of LiD. A reasonable design of emulsion interface can provide its resistance to the external environment and then control LiD. The properties of emulsion interface are the key factors affecting LiD. Therefore, systematic study on the relationship between Ch/CS-based emulsion structure and LiD can not only instruct the reasonable design of emulsion interface to accurately regulate LiD, but also provide scientific guidelines for applying Ch/CS in functional food, medicine and other fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Hu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenbo Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhi Cai
- School of Life Science and Technology, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Cuie Tang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Bin Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
| | - Shilin Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, China
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7
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Wang Y, Wei W, Liu R, Chang M, Jin Q, Wang X. Synthesis of eicosapentaenoic acid-enriched medium- and long-chain triglyceride by lipase-catalyzed transesterification: a novel strategy for clinical nutrition intervention. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2023; 103:4767-4777. [PMID: 36891643 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) has been recognized as a promising nutrient to improve therapeutic efficacy for cancer patients. Nevertheless, there are certain limitations to the application of EPA due to its structural characteristics. To maximize the nutritive value of EPA, a type of medium- and long-chain triacylglycerol (MLCT) enriched with EPA was designed and synthesized using the lipase-catalyzed transesterification of medium-chain triglyceride (MCT) and EPA-enriched fish oil (FO). RESULTS The optimum synthesis conditions for EPA-enriched MLCT used Lipozyme RM as catalyst, and had a substrate mass ratio (MCT/EPA-enriched FO) of 3:1, lipase loading of 80 g kg-1 , a reaction temperature of 60 °C, and a reaction time of 6 h. The MLCT content was as high as 80.79% after the transesterification reaction and the purification, and the content of MLCT containing EPA accounted for 70.21%. The distribution of EPA at the sn-2 position showed a significant increase in MLCT compared with the original substrate, from 18.89% to 26.93%. The in vitro digestion results demonstrated that MLCT had a significantly higher EPA bioaccessibility than the original substrate. CONCLUSION Eicosapentaenoic acid-enriched MLCT was developed. This may provide a novel strategy for clinical nutritional intervention. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yandan Wang
- State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Wei Wei
- State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Ruijie Liu
- State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Ming Chang
- State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Qingzhe Jin
- State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xingguo Wang
- State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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8
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Muluh TA, Shu XS, Ying Y. Targeting cancer metabolic vulnerabilities for advanced therapeutic efficacy. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 162:114658. [PMID: 37031495 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer metabolism is how cancer cells utilize nutrients and energy to support their growth and proliferation. Unlike normal cells, cancer cells have a unique metabolic profile that allows them to generate energy and the building blocks they need for rapid growth and division. This metabolic profile is marked by an increased reliance on glucose and glutamine as energy sources and changes in how cancer cells use and make key metabolic intermediates like ATP, NADH, and NADPH. This script analyzes a comprehensive overview of the latest advances in tumor metabolism, identifying the key unresolved issues, elaborates on how tumor cells differ from normal cells in their metabolism of nutrients, and explains how tumor cells conflate growth signals and nutrients to proliferate. The metabolic interaction of tumorigenesis and lipid metabolism within the tumor microenvironment and the role of ROS as an anti-tumor agent by mediating various signaling pathways for clinical cancer therapeutic targeting are outlined. Cancer metabolism is highly dynamic and heterogeneous; thus, advanced technologies to better investigate metabolism at the unicellular level without altering tumor tissue are necessary for better research and clinical transformation. The study of cancer metabolism is an area of active research, as scientists seek to understand the underlying metabolic changes that drive cancer growth and to identify potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Achu Muluh
- Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Xing-Sheng Shu
- Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Ying Ying
- Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
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9
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The structure of triglycerides impacts the digestibility and bioaccessibility of nutritional lipids during in vitro simulated digestion. Food Chem 2023; 418:135947. [PMID: 36996650 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.135947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
The triglyceride (TAG) structure of lipids may affect their nutritional properties by affecting the process of digestion and absorption. In this paper, a mixture of medium-chain triglycerides and long-chain triglycerides (PM) and medium- and long-chain triglycerides (MLCT) were selected to explore the effects of triglyceride structure on in vitro digestion and bioaccessibility. The results showed that MLCT released more free fatty acids (FFAs) than PM (99.88% vs 92.82%, P < 0.05). The first-order rate constant for FFA release from MLCT was lower than that for PM (0.0395 vs 0.0444 s-1, P < 0.05), which suggests that the rates of PM digestion were faster than those of MLCT. Our results demonstrated that DHA and EPA were more bioaccessible from MLCT than from PM. These results highlighted the important role of TAG structure in regulation of lipid digestibility and bioaccessibility.
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10
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Liu W, Deng Y, Zhao Z, Wei Z, Zhang Y, Tang X, Liu G, Li P, Zhou P, Zhang M. Use of different approaches for deacidification of high-acid rice bran oil: A comparison of glyceride lipid profiles. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.114284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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11
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Song R, Wang X, Deng S, Tao N. Lipidomic analysis and triglyceride profiles of fish oil: Preparation through silica gel column and enzymatic treatment. Food Res Int 2022; 162:112100. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.112100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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12
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Wang Y, Zhang T, Liu R, Chang M, Wei W, Jin Q, Wang X. Reviews of medium- and long-chain triglyceride with respect to nutritional benefits and digestion and absorption behavior. Food Res Int 2022; 155:111058. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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13
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Guo Y, Xu Y, Zhang T, Wang Y, Liu R, Chang M, Wang X. Medium and long-chain structured triacylglycerol enhances vitamin D bioavailability in an emulsion-based delivery system: combination of in vitro and in vivo studies. Food Funct 2022; 13:1762-1773. [PMID: 35112696 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo03407c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D (VitD) is an essential fat-soluble micronutrient required for maintaining and regulating calcium homeostasis. Although sunlight can provide VitD, epidemiological studies indicate that the occurrence of VitD deficiency and insufficiency is widespread. Lipids are required at all stages of VitD digestion and absorption. In this research two different medium and long-chain triacylglycerol structures, possessing identical fatty acid composition lipids, namely structured triacylglycerol (STG), and physical mixtures of medium/long-chain triacylglycerol (MCT/LCT), were selected. Our results demonstrated that STG had a significant VitD bioavailability compared to MCT/LCT. In terms of the lipid digestion and absorption, the extent of the higher free fatty acid released (69.42%, p < 0.05), extent of lipolysis (89.28%, p < 0.05), lipolysis rate (0.06 s-1, p < 0.05), and the ratio of the long-chain fatty acid to medium-chain fatty acid of STG (4.8, p < 0.05), result in a higher capacity for accommodating VitD when forming mixed micelles (61.31%, p < 0.05). An in vivo animal study also demonstrated that STG significantly increases the delivery ability of VitD (18.75 ng mL-1, p < 0.05). The findings of this work may have unique applications for designing novel interesterified lipids with an effective delivery capacity for fat-soluble nutrients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen Guo
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Oil Nutrition and Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Ying Xu
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Oil Nutrition and Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Oil Nutrition and Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Yandan Wang
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Oil Nutrition and Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Ruijie Liu
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Oil Nutrition and Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Ming Chang
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Oil Nutrition and Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Xingguo Wang
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Oil Nutrition and Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
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14
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Wang Y, Cao M, Liu R, Chang M, Wei W, Jin Q, Wang X. The enzymatic synthesis of EPA-rich medium- and long-chain triacylglycerol improves the digestion behavior of MCFA and EPA: evidence on in vitro digestion. Food Funct 2022; 13:131-142. [PMID: 34870663 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo02795f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Medium-chain triglyceride (MCT) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) have been widely applied in nutritional supplementation. However, when administered individually or mixed, they were unable to maximize their nutritional value. Hence, EPA-rich medium- and long-chain triacylglycerol (MLCT) was synthesized from MCT and EPA-rich fish oil (FO) by enzymatic transesterification. The fatty acids in triglyceride (TAG) were rearranged which resulted in significant changes in TAG profiles compared to the physical mixture of MCT and FO (PM). EPA-containing MML (MML, MLM and LMM) and LLM (LLM, LML and MLL) type TAGs account for 70.21%. The fate of different oils (MCT, FO, PM, and MLCT) across the gastrointestinal tract was subsequently simulated using an in vitro digestion model. The results showed that the physical and structural characteristics of different oils during digestion depended upon the oil type and the microenvironment they were in. After 120 min of small intestine digestion, the degree of hydrolysis for MLCT was higher than that for the other three oils. The final FFA release level was in the following order: MLCT (102.79%) > MCT (95.20%) > PM (85.81%) > FO (74.18%). This can be attributed to the composition and positional distribution of fatty acids in TAGs. What's more, LCFAs (EPA) in MLCT mainly existed in the form of sn-2 MAG, which was conducive to their subsequent absorption and transport. These results may aid in the future rational design of structural lipids, thereby regulating lipid digestion and maximizing the nutritional value of oils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yandan Wang
- State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Minjie Cao
- State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Ruijie Liu
- State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Ming Chang
- State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Wei Wei
- State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Qingzhe Jin
- State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Xingguo Wang
- State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
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15
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Wang Y, Liu R, Chang M, Wei W, Guo Y, Jin Q, Wang X. Does omega-3 PUFA-enriched oral nutritional intervention benefit cancer patients receiving chemo (radio) therapy? A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021:1-16. [PMID: 34606391 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1984199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Although data indicate omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids are beneficial nutrients in cancer therapy, the evidences for efficacy of nutritional interventions during chemo (radio) therapy are still limited. The leading goal of the present meta-analysis was to summarize randomized controlled trials involving the administration of ω-3 PUFA-enriched oral nutritional supplements during chemo (radio) therapy, and evaluate the effects on nutritional status and clinical outcomes in patients. We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane databases to identify interventions assessing body weight, BMI, immune and inflammatory indicators, plasma omega-3 fatty acids and adverse events, with subgroup analyses for region, types of ω-3 fatty acids, dose, duration and dosage form. In total, 22 studies including 1155 participants met the inclusion criteria. Meta-analysis showed a significant increase in body weight (BW) (WMD = 0.59 kg, 95% CI: 0.06, 1.13, P = 0.03), body mass index (BMI) (WMD = 0.43 kg/m2, 95% CI: 0.07, 0.79, P = 0.02), and plasma total ω-3 fatty acids (SMD = 2.52, 95% CI: 1.27, 3.78, P<0.0001), and a significant reduction in plasma levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) (SMD= -0.53, 95% CI: -0.80, -0.25, P = 0.0001), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) (WMD = -0.40 pg/mL, 95% CI: -0.80, -0.01, P = 0.05), interleukin 6 (IL-6) (WMD = -1.25 pg/mL, 95% CI: -2.41, -0.10, P = 0.03) and the incidence of adverse events (RR= 0.72, 95% CI: 0.54, 0.95, P = 0.02). However, plasma albumin levels (WMD = 0.02 mg/dL, 95% CI: -0.13, 0.18, P = 0.75) was remained unaffected. Overall, our meta-analysis provides evidences that the consumption of ω-3 PUFA-enriched oral nutritional supplements exert beneficial effects on nutritional status and clinical outcomes in patients undergoing chemo (radio) therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yandan Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Ruijie Liu
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Ming Chang
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Wei Wei
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yiwen Guo
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Qingzhe Jin
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xingguo Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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