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Beaumont C, Cabon F, Larquier C, Azémar F, Braet Y, Pelozuelo L. Carrion insects living within the bones of large mammals: insect conservation and forensic entomology implications. THE SCIENCE OF NATURE - NATURWISSENSCHAFTEN 2024; 111:30. [PMID: 38758365 DOI: 10.1007/s00114-024-01916-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Succession patterns of carrion insects on large mammal's carrion has been widely studied, notably to estimate the post-mortem interval in forensic investigations as accurately as possible. However, little attention has been paid to the carrion insects living inside these bones once a carcass is skeletonized. One very recent study documented flies emerging from pig carcasses, and only scarce authors reported the presence of other carrion insects taking advantage of the bone marrow. We, thus, aimed to (1) estimate the frequency of inner-bone space colonization by carrion insects, with particular attention to bone-skipper flies; (2) identify the insects living inside the carrion bones; and (3) determine whether or not carrion insects found within the bones can successfully exit the bones and complete their development. We extensively sampled 185 large mammals' bones collected from twelve vulture feeding stations and four isolated carcasses in southwest France and northern Spain. Sampled bones were opened, and the insects found inside were identified. For two bones, foramen, i.e., the holes providing a natural entrance and exit to the bone's inner cavity, was monitored with a camera to assess the insect's putative exit. We describe the entomofauna, i.e., the set of insect species, living within the bones, and illustrate insects' ability to exit the bones for their subsequent development and maturity. These results are discussed in the framework of carrion insect conservation and forensic entomology perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clément Beaumont
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse INP, Université Toulouse 3-Paul Sabatier, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062, Toulouse Cedex 09, France
- Master Biodiversité Ecologie, Evolution, Parcours Gestion de La Biodiversité, Université Toulouse 3-Paul Sabatier, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062, Toulouse Cedex 09, France
| | - Flavien Cabon
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse INP, Université Toulouse 3-Paul Sabatier, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062, Toulouse Cedex 09, France
- Master Biodiversité Ecologie, Evolution, Parcours Gestion de La Biodiversité, Université Toulouse 3-Paul Sabatier, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062, Toulouse Cedex 09, France
| | - Corentin Larquier
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse INP, Université Toulouse 3-Paul Sabatier, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062, Toulouse Cedex 09, France
- Master Biodiversité Ecologie, Evolution, Parcours Gestion de La Biodiversité, Université Toulouse 3-Paul Sabatier, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062, Toulouse Cedex 09, France
| | - Frédéric Azémar
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse INP, Université Toulouse 3-Paul Sabatier, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062, Toulouse Cedex 09, France
| | - Yves Braet
- Laboratoire Microtraces/Entomologie, Institut National de Criminalistique Et de Criminologie, Chaussée de Vilvoorde 100, B-1120, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Laurent Pelozuelo
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse INP, Université Toulouse 3-Paul Sabatier, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062, Toulouse Cedex 09, France.
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Chimeno C, Rulik B, Manfrin A, Kalinkat G, Hölker F, Baranov V. Facing the infinity: tackling large samples of challenging Chironomidae (Diptera) with an integrative approach. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15336. [PMID: 37250705 PMCID: PMC10211366 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Integrative taxonomy is becoming ever more significant in biodiversity research as scientists are tackling increasingly taxonomically challenging groups. Implementing a combined approach not only guarantees more accurate species identification, but also helps overcome limitations that each method presents when applied on its own. In this study, we present one application of integrative taxonomy for the highly abundant and particularly diverse fly taxon Chironomidae (Diptera). Although non-biting midges are key organisms in merolimnic systems, they are often cast aside in ecological surveys because they are very challenging to identify and extremely abundant. Methods Here, we demonstrate one way of applying integrative methods to tackle this highly diverse taxon. We present a three-level subsampling method to drastically reduce the workload of bulk sample processing, then apply morphological and molecular identification methods in parallel to evaluate species diversity and to examine inconsistencies across methods. Results Our results suggest that using our subsampling approach, identifying less than 10% of a sample's contents can reliably detect >90% of its diversity. However, despite reducing the processing workload drastically, the performance of our taxonomist was affected by mistakes, caused by large amounts of material. We conducted misidentifications for 9% of vouchers, which may not have been recovered had we not applied a second identification method. On the other hand, we were able to provide species information in cases where molecular methods could not, which was the case for 14% of vouchers. Therefore, we conclude that when wanting to implement non-biting midges into ecological frameworks, it is imperative to use an integrative approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Chimeno
- Bavarian State Collection of Zoology (SNSB-ZSM), Munich, Germany
| | - Björn Rulik
- Zoological Research Museum Alexander Koenig, Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change (LIB), Bonn, Germany
| | - Alessandro Manfrin
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, iES Landau, RPTU University of Kaiserslautern-Landau, Landau, Germany
| | - Gregor Kalinkat
- Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Berlin, Germany
| | - Franz Hölker
- Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Berlin, Germany
| | - Viktor Baranov
- Estación Biológica de Doñana-CSIC/Doñana Biological Station-CSIC, Seville, Spain
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Cabanillas D. Ampliación de la distribución conocida de coleópteros, dípteros e himenópteros sarcosaprófagos (Arthropoda: Insecta) con potencial interés forense en la península ibérica. GRAELLSIA 2022. [DOI: 10.3989/graellsia.2022.v78.326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Con el objetivo de ampliar la distribución conocida y el conocimiento ecológico de las especies sarcosaprófagas con potencial interés forense en la península ibérica, se recopilan 758 nuevos registros correspondientes a 105 especies de coleópteros, dípteros e himenópteros en 43 provincias españolas y 4 distritos portugueses. Se registran un total de 89 primeras citas provinciales y se aportan numerosas localidades inéditas que permiten ampliar el rango de distribución conocido de la entomofauna sarcosaprófaga ibérica. Entre los resultados más relevantes destaca la expansión territorial de los dípteros alóctonos Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius, 1794) y Hermetia illucens (Linnaeus, 1758) en la península ibérica. Además, se documentan hábitos sarcosaprófagos por primera vez en el formícido Hypoponera eduardi (Forel, 1894). Finalmente, se discuten los resultados ecológicos obtenidos en relación a las comunidades sarcosaprófagas y su potencial interés en estudios forenses.
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Chimeno C, Hausmann A, Schmidt S, Raupach MJ, Doczkal D, Baranov V, Hübner J, Höcherl A, Albrecht R, Jaschhof M, Haszprunar G, Hebert PDN. Peering into the Darkness: DNA Barcoding Reveals Surprisingly High Diversity of Unknown Species of Diptera (Insecta) in Germany. INSECTS 2022; 13:insects13010082. [PMID: 35055925 PMCID: PMC8779287 DOI: 10.3390/insects13010082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Determining the size of the German insect fauna requires better knowledge of several megadiverse families of Diptera and Hymenoptera that are taxonomically challenging. This study takes the first step in assessing these “dark taxa” families and provides species estimates for four challenging groups of Diptera (Cecidomyiidae, Chironomidae, Phoridae, and Sciaridae). These estimates are based on more than 48,000 DNA barcodes (COI) from Diptera collected by Malaise traps that were deployed in southern Germany. We assessed the fraction of German species belonging to 11 fly families with well-studied taxonomy in these samples. The resultant ratios were then used to estimate the species richness of the four “dark taxa” families (DT families hereafter). Our results suggest a surprisingly high proportion of undetected biodiversity in a supposedly well-investigated country: at least 1800–2200 species await discovery in Germany in these four families. As this estimate is based on collections from one region of Germany, the species count will likely increase with expanded geographic sampling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Chimeno
- SNSB-Zoologische Staatssammlung München, Münchhausenstr. 21, 81247 München, Germany; (A.H.); (S.S.); (M.J.R.); (D.D.); (J.H.); (A.H.); (R.A.); (G.H.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Axel Hausmann
- SNSB-Zoologische Staatssammlung München, Münchhausenstr. 21, 81247 München, Germany; (A.H.); (S.S.); (M.J.R.); (D.D.); (J.H.); (A.H.); (R.A.); (G.H.)
| | - Stefan Schmidt
- SNSB-Zoologische Staatssammlung München, Münchhausenstr. 21, 81247 München, Germany; (A.H.); (S.S.); (M.J.R.); (D.D.); (J.H.); (A.H.); (R.A.); (G.H.)
| | - Michael J. Raupach
- SNSB-Zoologische Staatssammlung München, Münchhausenstr. 21, 81247 München, Germany; (A.H.); (S.S.); (M.J.R.); (D.D.); (J.H.); (A.H.); (R.A.); (G.H.)
| | - Dieter Doczkal
- SNSB-Zoologische Staatssammlung München, Münchhausenstr. 21, 81247 München, Germany; (A.H.); (S.S.); (M.J.R.); (D.D.); (J.H.); (A.H.); (R.A.); (G.H.)
| | - Viktor Baranov
- Department Biology II, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich (LMU), Großhaderner Str. 2, Martinsried, 82152 Planegg, Germany;
| | - Jeremy Hübner
- SNSB-Zoologische Staatssammlung München, Münchhausenstr. 21, 81247 München, Germany; (A.H.); (S.S.); (M.J.R.); (D.D.); (J.H.); (A.H.); (R.A.); (G.H.)
| | - Amelie Höcherl
- SNSB-Zoologische Staatssammlung München, Münchhausenstr. 21, 81247 München, Germany; (A.H.); (S.S.); (M.J.R.); (D.D.); (J.H.); (A.H.); (R.A.); (G.H.)
| | - Rosa Albrecht
- SNSB-Zoologische Staatssammlung München, Münchhausenstr. 21, 81247 München, Germany; (A.H.); (S.S.); (M.J.R.); (D.D.); (J.H.); (A.H.); (R.A.); (G.H.)
| | | | - Gerhard Haszprunar
- SNSB-Zoologische Staatssammlung München, Münchhausenstr. 21, 81247 München, Germany; (A.H.); (S.S.); (M.J.R.); (D.D.); (J.H.); (A.H.); (R.A.); (G.H.)
- Department Biology II, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich (LMU), Großhaderner Str. 2, Martinsried, 82152 Planegg, Germany;
| | - Paul D. N. Hebert
- Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada;
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Gelderman T, Stigter E, Krap T, Amendt J, Duijst W. The time of death in Dutch court; using the Daubert criteria to evaluate methods to estimate the PMI used in court. Leg Med (Tokyo) 2021; 53:101970. [PMID: 34601451 DOI: 10.1016/j.legalmed.2021.101970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
When a capital crime is committed the post-mortem interval (PMI) is of particular importance in investigating a suspect's alibi in court. A forensic expert can use different methods to estimate the PMI. This research focuses on who is considered an expert in court and whether the methods used to estimate the PMI are reliable. In this study, the methods used to estimate the PMI and the experts consulted, available in Dutch jurisprudence, in the period 2010-2019 were investigated. Ninety-four judicial cases were included and multiple experts and methods of estimating the PMI were found. As part of this study, the methods that were used to estimate the PMI in court were subjected to the Daubert criteria. Of these methods, only the Henssge nomogram and entomological methods met the Daubert criteria. However, the methods are only useful when applied by the right forensic expert and in the right manner. Unfortunately, this was not always the case.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Gelderman
- Faculty of Law and Criminology, Maastricht University, Minderbroedersberg 4-6, 6211 LK Maastricht, the Netherlands.
| | - Erik Stigter
- Faculty of Law and Criminology, Maastricht University, Minderbroedersberg 4-6, 6211 LK Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Tristan Krap
- Faculty of Law and Criminology, Maastricht University, Minderbroedersberg 4-6, 6211 LK Maastricht, the Netherlands; Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, Department of Medical Biology, Section Anatomy, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Ars Cogniscendi Foundation for Legal and Forensic Medicine, Wezep, the Netherlands
| | - Jens Amendt
- Institute of Legal Medicine, University Hospital Frankfurt am Main, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Wilma Duijst
- Faculty of Law and Criminology, Maastricht University, Minderbroedersberg 4-6, 6211 LK Maastricht, the Netherlands; Ars Cogniscendi Foundation for Legal and Forensic Medicine, Wezep, the Netherlands
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Isola D, Bartoli F, Langone S, Ceschin S, Zucconi L, Caneva G. Plant DNA Barcode as a Tool for Root Identification in Hypogea: The Case of the Etruscan Tombs of Tarquinia (Central Italy). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:1138. [PMID: 34205139 PMCID: PMC8228792 DOI: 10.3390/plants10061138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Roots can produce mechanical and chemical alterations to building structures, especially in the case of underground historical artifacts. In archaeological sites, where vegetation plays the dual role of naturalistic relevance and potential threat, trees and bushes are under supervision. No customized measures can be taken against herbaceous plants lacking fast and reliable root identification methods that are useful to assess their dangerousness. In this study, we aimed to test the efficacy of DNA barcoding in identifying plant rootlets threatening the Etruscan tombs of the Necropolis of Tarquinia. As DNA barcode markers, we selected two sections of the genes rbcL and matK, the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (nrITS), and the intergenic spacer psbA-trnH. All fourteen root samples were successfully sequenced and identified at species (92.9%) and genus level (7.01%) by GenBank matching and reference dataset implementation. Some eudicotyledons with taproots, such as Echium italicum L., Foeniculum vulgare Mill., and Reseda lutea L. subsp. lutea, showed a certain recurrence. Further investigations are needed to confirm this promising result, increasing the number of roots and enlarging the reference dataset with attention to meso-Mediterranean perennial herbaceous species. The finding of herbaceous plants roots at more than 3 m deep confirms their potential risk and underlines the importance of vegetation planning, monitoring, and management on archaeological sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Isola
- Department of Sciences, Roma Tre University, 00146 Rome, Italy; (F.B.); (S.L.); (S.C.); (G.C.)
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences (DEB), University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy;
| | - Flavia Bartoli
- Department of Sciences, Roma Tre University, 00146 Rome, Italy; (F.B.); (S.L.); (S.C.); (G.C.)
| | - Simone Langone
- Department of Sciences, Roma Tre University, 00146 Rome, Italy; (F.B.); (S.L.); (S.C.); (G.C.)
| | - Simona Ceschin
- Department of Sciences, Roma Tre University, 00146 Rome, Italy; (F.B.); (S.L.); (S.C.); (G.C.)
| | - Laura Zucconi
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences (DEB), University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy;
| | - Giulia Caneva
- Department of Sciences, Roma Tre University, 00146 Rome, Italy; (F.B.); (S.L.); (S.C.); (G.C.)
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Shadrin DM. DNA Barcoding: Applications. RUSS J GENET+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s102279542104013x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Taleb M, Tail G, Açıkgöz HN. Molecular identification of the potentially forensically relevant cluster flies Pollenia rudis (Fabricius) and Pollenia vagabunda (Meigen) (Diptera: Polleniidae) — non-recorded species in Algeria. Forensic Sci Res 2021; 7:69-77. [PMID: 35368910 PMCID: PMC8967396 DOI: 10.1080/20961790.2020.1857937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cluster flies are represented by the genus Pollenia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 of the family Polleniidae Brauer and Bergenstamm, 1889. Their larvae are known to be internal parasites or predators of earthworms. Herein, we report for the first time the occurrence of the cluster flies Pollenia rudis Fabricius, 1794 and Pollenia vagabunda (Meigen, 1826) (Diptera: Polleniidae) on carcasses in Algeria and identify them through DNA barcoding. A region of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I gene (COI) was amplified and sequenced. Genetic distances were determined. A phylogenetic tree was constructed with the maximum parsimony method using 10 000 bootstrap replicates. A total number of 157 adults of P. rudis were collected together with 325 adults of Pollenia vagabunda. The occurrence of Pollenia on animal carcasses does not seem to be correlated with a particular stage of decomposition. All the sequences were correctly identified using the BLASTn tool from the GenBank database and the BOLD identification engine. Intra- and interspecific sequence divergence values were less than 1% and greater than 3%, respectively. COI barcodes obtained from this study were robust enough to identify and distinguish unambiguously between P. rudis and P. vagabunda. In the tree-based analysis, the cluster flies were all assigned to their respective species separately from each other confirming the morphological identification. These results provide DNA barcodes that contribute to the growth of reference databases and allow fast and accurate identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meriem Taleb
- Department of Population and Organism Biology, University of Blida 1, Blida, Algeria
| | - Ghania Tail
- Department of Population and Organism Biology, University of Blida 1, Blida, Algeria
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García-Ruilova AB, Barragán A, Ordoñez SDC, García JF, Mazón JD, Cueva R, Donoso DA. First records of Diptera associated with human corpses in Ecuador. NEOTROPICAL BIODIVERSITY 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/23766808.2020.1845009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Belén García-Ruilova
- Programa de Maestría en Criminalística, Universidad Internacional del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
- Departamento de Biología, Escuela Politécnica Nacional, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Alvaro Barragán
- Museo QCAZ – Invertebrados, Escuela de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Silvana del C. Ordoñez
- Departamento de analistas forenses, Servicio Nacional de Medicina Legal y Ciencias Forenses, Loja, Ecuador
| | - Juan F. García
- Departamento de analistas forenses, Servicio Nacional de Medicina Legal y Ciencias Forenses, Loja, Ecuador
- Departamento Geología y Minas e Ingeniería Civil, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, Loja, Ecuador
| | - Jose D. Mazón
- Departamento de analistas forenses, Servicio Nacional de Medicina Legal y Ciencias Forenses, Loja, Ecuador
| | - René Cueva
- Departamento de analistas forenses, Servicio Nacional de Medicina Legal y Ciencias Forenses, Loja, Ecuador
| | - David A. Donoso
- Departamento de Biología, Escuela Politécnica Nacional, Quito, Ecuador
- Centro de Investigación de la Biodiversidad y Cambio Climático, Universidad Tecnológica Indoame#x301;rica, Quito, Ecuador
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Moreno EA, Amat E, Meneses PE, Donoso DA, Barragán ÁR. Green bottle flies (Calliphoridae, Luciliinae) of Ecuador: geographic distribution, checklist and DNA barcodes. NEOTROPICAL BIODIVERSITY 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/23766808.2020.1804747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Emilia A. Moreno
- Museo de Zoología QCAZ, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
- Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE), CONICET – Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Eduardo Amat
- Grupo de Investigación Bioforense, Facultad de Derecho y Ciencias Forenses - Tecnológico de Antioquia, Institución Universitaria, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Pablo E. Meneses
- Facultad de Ciencias Socioambientales, Universidad Regional Amazónica Ikiam, Napo, Ecuador
| | - David A. Donoso
- Escuela Politécnica Nacional, Departamento de Biología, Quito, Ecuador
- Centro de Investigación de la Biodiversidad y Cambio Climático, Universidad Tecnológica Indoamérica, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Álvaro R. Barragán
- Museo de Zoología QCAZ, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
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Sire L, Gey D, Debruyne R, Noblecourt T, Soldati F, Barnouin T, Parmain G, Bouget C, Lopez-Vaamonde C, Rougerie R. The Challenge of DNA Barcoding Saproxylic Beetles in Natural History Collections—Exploring the Potential of Parallel Multiplex Sequencing With Illumina MiSeq. Front Ecol Evol 2019. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2019.00495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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Heo CC, Rahimi R, Mengual X, M Isa MS, Zainal S, Khofar PN, Nazni WA. Eristalinus arvorum (Fabricius, 1787) (Diptera: Syrphidae) in Human Skull: A New Fly Species of Forensic Importance. J Forensic Sci 2019; 65:276-282. [PMID: 31305956 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.14128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A body of an unknown adult female was found within a shallow burial ground in Malaysia whereas the skull was exposed and visible on the ground. During autopsy examination, nine insect larvae were recovered from the interior of the human skull and subsequently preserved in 70% ethanol. The larvae were greyish in appearance, each with a posterior elongated breathing tube. A week after the autopsy, more larvae were collected at the burial site, and some of them were reared into adults. Adult specimens and larvae from the skull and from the burial site were sequenced to obtain DNA barcodes. Results showed all adult flies reared from the burial site, as well as the larvae collected from the skull were identified as Eristalinus arvorum (Fabricius, 1787) (Diptera: Syrphidae). Here, we report the colonization of E. arvorum larvae on a human corpse for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Chin Heo
- Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh Campus, 47000 Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia.,Institute of Pathology, Laboratory & Forensic Medicine (I-PPerForM), Universiti Teknologi MARA, 47000 Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Razuin Rahimi
- Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh Campus, 47000 Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia.,Department of Forensic Medicine, Hospital Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ximo Mengual
- Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig, Leibniz-Institut für Biodiversität der Tiere, Adenauerallee 160, D-53113, Bonn, Germany
| | - Mohd Shahirul M Isa
- Faculty of Applied Science, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Syameem Zainal
- Faculty of Applied Science, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Putri Nabihah Khofar
- Faculty of Applied Science, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Wasi Ahmad Nazni
- Division of Medical Entomology, Institute for Medical Research, Jalan Pahang, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Parker C, Bernaola L, Lee BW, Elmquist D, Cohen A, Marshall A, Hepler J, Pekarcik A, Justus E, King K, Lee TY, Esquivel C, Hauri K, McCullough C, Hadden W, Ragozzino M, Roth M, Villegas J, Kraus E, Becker M, Mulcahy M, Chen R, Mittapelly P, Clem CS, Skinner R, Josek T, Pearlstein D, Tetlie J, Tran A, Auletta A, Benkert E, Tussey D. Entomology in the 21st Century: Tackling Insect Invasions, Promoting Advancements in Technology, and Using Effective Science Communication-2018 Student Debates. JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE (ONLINE) 2019; 19:4. [PMID: 31268545 PMCID: PMC6608551 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/iez069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The 2018 student debates of the Entomological Society of America were held at the Joint Annual Meeting for the Entomological Societies of America, Canada, and British Columbia in Vancouver, BC. Three unbiased introductory speakers and six debate teams discussed and debated topics under the theme 'Entomology in the 21st Century: Tackling Insect Invasions, Promoting Advancements in Technology, and Using Effective Science Communication'. This year's debate topics included: 1) What is the most harmful invasive insect species in the world? 2) How can scientists diffuse the stigma or scare factor surrounding issues that become controversial such as genetically modified organisms, agricultural biotechnological developments, or pesticide chemicals? 3) What new/emerging technologies have the potential to revolutionize entomology (other than Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats)? Introductory speakers and debate teams spent approximately 9 mo preparing their statements and arguments and had the opportunity to share this at the Joint Annual Meeting with an engaged audience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey Parker
- University of Florida, Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory, Vero Beach, FL
| | - Lina Bernaola
- Louisiana State University, Department of Entomology, Baton Rouge, LA
| | - Benjamin W Lee
- Washington State University, Department of Entomology, Pullman, WA
| | - Dane Elmquist
- Washington State University, Department of Entomology, Pullman, WA
| | - Abigail Cohen
- Washington State University, Department of Entomology, Pullman, WA
| | - Adrian Marshall
- Washington State University, Department of Entomology, Tree Fruit Research and Extension Center, Wenatchee, WA
| | - James Hepler
- Washington State University, Department of Entomology, Tree Fruit Research and Extension Center, Wenatchee, WA
| | - Adrian Pekarcik
- The Ohio State University, Department of Entomology, Wooster, OH
| | - Emily Justus
- The Ohio State University, Department of Entomology, Wooster, OH
| | - Kendall King
- The Ohio State University, Department of Entomology, Columbus, OH
| | - Tae-Young Lee
- The Ohio State University, Department of Entomology, Columbus, OH
| | - Carlos Esquivel
- The Ohio State University, Department of Entomology, Wooster, OH
| | - Kayleigh Hauri
- Michigan State University, Department of Entomology, East Lansing, MI
| | - Christopher McCullough
- Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Plant and Environmental Science, Blacksburg, VA
| | - Whitney Hadden
- Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Department of Entomology, Also H Smith Jr AREC, Winchester, VA
| | - Max Ragozzino
- Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Department of Entomology, Blacksburg, VA
| | - Morgan Roth
- Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Department of Entomology, Blacksburg, VA
| | - James Villegas
- Louisiana State University, Department of Entomology, Baton Rouge, LA
| | - Emily Kraus
- Louisiana State University, Department of Entomology, Baton Rouge, LA
| | - Michael Becker
- Louisiana State University, Department of Entomology, Baton Rouge, LA
| | - Megan Mulcahy
- Louisiana State University, Department of Entomology, Baton Rouge, LA
| | - Rui Chen
- Louisiana State University, Department of Entomology, Baton Rouge, LA
| | | | - C Scott Clem
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Department of Entomology, Urbana, IL
| | - Rachel Skinner
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Department of Entomology, Urbana, IL
| | - Tanya Josek
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Department of Entomology, Urbana, IL
| | - Daniel Pearlstein
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Department of Entomology, Urbana, IL
| | - Jonathan Tetlie
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Department of Entomology, Urbana, IL
| | - Anh Tran
- University of Minnesota, Department of Entomology, St Paul, MN
| | - Anthony Auletta
- University of Minnesota, Department of Entomology, St Paul, MN
| | - Edwin Benkert
- University of Minnesota, Department of Entomology, St Paul, MN
| | - Dylan Tussey
- University of Florida, Entomology and Nematology Department, Gainesville, FL
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Chimeno C, Morinière J, Podhorna J, Hardulak L, Hausmann A, Reckel F, Grunwald JE, Penning R, Haszprunar G. Authors’ Response. J Forensic Sci 2019; 64:1287. [DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.14095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Chimeno
- Zoologische Staatssammlung München (SNSB‐ZSM) Münchhausenstrasse 21 München 81247 Germany
| | - Jérôme Morinière
- Zoologische Staatssammlung München (SNSB‐ZSM) Münchhausenstrasse 21 München 81247 Germany
| | - Jana Podhorna
- Mendel University in Brno (MEDELU) Zemedelska 1 Brno 613 00 Czech Republic
| | - Laura Hardulak
- Zoologische Staatssammlung München (SNSB‐ZSM) Münchhausenstrasse 21 München 81247 Germany
| | - Axel Hausmann
- Zoologische Staatssammlung München (SNSB‐ZSM) Münchhausenstrasse 21 München 81247 Germany
| | - Frank Reckel
- Bayerisches Landeskriminalamt Abteilung II Sachgebiet 204, Maillingerstraße 15 München 80636 Germany
| | - Jan E. Grunwald
- Bayerisches Landeskriminalamt Abteilung II Sachgebiet 204, Maillingerstraße 15 München 80636 Germany
| | - Randolph Penning
- Institute of Legal Medicine Ludwig‐Maximilians Universität München Germany
| | - Gerhard Haszprunar
- Zoologische Staatssammlung München (SNSB‐ZSM) Münchhausenstrasse 21 München 81247 Germany
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15
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Kotrba M. Commentary on: Chimeno C, Morinière J, Podhorna J, Hardulak, L, Hausmann A, Reckel F, et al. DNA barcoding in forensic entomology-establishing a DNA reference library of potentially forensic relevant arthropod species. J Forensic Sci 2019;64(2):593-601. J Forensic Sci 2019; 64:1285-1286. [PMID: 31150116 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.14094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marion Kotrba
- SNSB Bavarian State Collection of Zoology, Münchhausenstraße 21, 81247, München, Germany
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16
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Morinière J, Balke M, Doczkal D, Geiger MF, Hardulak LA, Haszprunar G, Hausmann A, Hendrich L, Regalado L, Rulik B, Schmidt S, Wägele JW, Hebert PDN. A DNA barcode library for 5,200 German flies and midges (Insecta: Diptera) and its implications for metabarcoding-based biomonitoring. Mol Ecol Resour 2019; 19:900-928. [PMID: 30977972 PMCID: PMC6851627 DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.13022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study summarizes results of a DNA barcoding campaign on German Diptera, involving analysis of 45,040 specimens. The resultant DNA barcode library includes records for 2,453 named species comprising a total of 5,200 barcode index numbers (BINs), including 2,700 COI haplotype clusters without species‐level assignment, so called “dark taxa.” Overall, 88 out of 117 families (75%) recorded from Germany were covered, representing more than 50% of the 9,544 known species of German Diptera. Until now, most of these families, especially the most diverse, have been taxonomically inaccessible. By contrast, within a few years this study provided an intermediate taxonomic system for half of the German Dipteran fauna, which will provide a useful foundation for subsequent detailed, integrative taxonomic studies. Using DNA extracts derived from bulk collections made by Malaise traps, we further demonstrate that species delineation using BINs and operational taxonomic units (OTUs) constitutes an effective method for biodiversity studies using DNA metabarcoding. As the reference libraries continue to grow, and gaps in the species catalogue are filled, BIN lists assembled by metabarcoding will provide greater taxonomic resolution. The present study has three main goals: (a) to provide a DNA barcode library for 5,200 BINs of Diptera; (b) to demonstrate, based on the example of bulk extractions from a Malaise trap experiment, that DNA barcode clusters, labelled with globally unique identifiers (such as OTUs and/or BINs), provide a pragmatic, accurate solution to the “taxonomic impediment”; and (c) to demonstrate that interim names based on BINs and OTUs obtained through metabarcoding provide an effective method for studies on species‐rich groups that are usually neglected in biodiversity research projects because of their unresolved taxonomy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Matthias F Geiger
- Zoological Research Museum Alexander Koenig - Leibniz Institute for Animal Biodiversity, Bonn, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Björn Rulik
- Zoological Research Museum Alexander Koenig - Leibniz Institute for Animal Biodiversity, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Johann-Wolfgang Wägele
- Zoological Research Museum Alexander Koenig - Leibniz Institute for Animal Biodiversity, Bonn, Germany
| | - Paul D N Hebert
- Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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