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Utama GL, Oktaviani L, Balia RL, Rialita T. Potential Application of Yeast Cell Wall Biopolymers as Probiotic Encapsulants. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3481. [PMID: 37631538 PMCID: PMC10459707 DOI: 10.3390/polym15163481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Biopolymers of yeast cell walls, such as β-glucan, mannoprotein, and chitin, may serve as viable encapsulants for probiotics. Due to its thermal stability, β-glucan is a suitable cryoprotectant for probiotic microorganisms during freeze-drying. Mannoprotein has been shown to increase the adhesion of probiotic microorganisms to intestinal epithelial cells. Typically, chitin is utilized in the form of its derivatives, particularly chitosan, which is derived via deacetylation. Brewery waste has shown potential as a source of β-glucan that can be optimally extracted through thermolysis and sonication to yield up to 14% β-glucan, which can then be processed with protease and spray drying to achieve utmost purity. While laminarinase and sodium deodecyle sulfate were used to isolate and extract mannoproteins and glucanase was used to purify them, hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide precipitation was used to improve the amount of purified mannoproteins to 7.25 percent. The maximum chitin yield of 2.4% was attained by continuing the acid-alkali reaction procedure, which was then followed by dialysis and lyophilization. Separation and purification of yeast cell wall biopolymers via diethylaminoethyl (DEAE) anion exchange chromatography can be used to increase the purity of β-glucan, whose purity in turn can also be increased using concanavalin-A chromatography based on the glucan/mannan ratio. In the meantime, mannoproteins can be purified via affinity chromatography that can be combined with zymolase treatment. Then, dialysis can be continued to obtain chitin with high purity. β-glucans, mannoproteins, and chitosan-derived yeast cell walls have been shown to promote the survival of probiotic microorganisms in the digestive tract. In addition, the prebiotic activity of β-glucans and mannoproteins can combine with microorganisms to form synbiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemilang Lara Utama
- Faculty of Agro-Industrial Technology, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jalan Raya Bandung-Sumedang Km. 21, Jatinangor, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia; (L.O.); (T.R.)
- Center for Environment and Sustainability Science, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jalan Sekeloa Selatan 1 No 1, Bandung 40134, Indonesia
| | - Lidya Oktaviani
- Faculty of Agro-Industrial Technology, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jalan Raya Bandung-Sumedang Km. 21, Jatinangor, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia; (L.O.); (T.R.)
| | - Roostita Lobo Balia
- Veterinary Study Program, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jalan Raya Bandung-Sumedang Km. 21, Jatinangor, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia;
| | - Tita Rialita
- Faculty of Agro-Industrial Technology, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jalan Raya Bandung-Sumedang Km. 21, Jatinangor, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia; (L.O.); (T.R.)
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Sublethal HPH treatment is a sustainable tool that induces autolytic-like processes in the early gene expression of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Food Res Int 2022; 159:111589. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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3
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RNA-seq-based transcriptomic comparison of Saccharomyces cerevisiae during spontaneous and inoculated fermentations of organic and conventional grapes. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.111183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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4
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Li X, Ye H, Xu CQ, Shen XL, Zhang XL, Huang C, Cheng B, Tan YL, Xiao ZT, Pei YP, Zou K. Transcriptomic analysis reveals MAPK signaling pathways affect the autolysis in baker's yeast. FEMS Yeast Res 2020; 20:5859490. [PMID: 32556321 DOI: 10.1093/femsyr/foaa036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Yeast autolysis refers to the process in which cells degrade and release intracellular contents under specific conditions by endogenous enzymes such as proteases, nucleases and lipid enzymes. Protein-rich baker's yeast is widely used to produce yeast extract in food industry, however, the molecular mechanism related to baker's yeast autolysis is still unclear. In this study, RNA-seq technology and biochemical analysis were performed to analyze the autolysis processes in baker's yeast. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs), 27 autolysis-related euKaryotic Ortholog Groups (KOG) and three types of autolysis-induced Gene Ontology (GO) were identified and analyzed in detail. A total of 143 Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways under autolysis were also assigned. Interestingly, the DEGs were significantly enriched in the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways and metabolic pathways, and key genes MID2, MTL1, SLT2, PTP2, HKR1 and GPD1 may play important roles in autolysis. Further quantitative PCR was performed to verify the expression pattern in baker's yeast autolysis. Together, all these results indicated that MAPK pathways might play an essential role during autolysis process through inhibiting the metabolism and disrupting cell wall in baker's yeast. This result may provide important clues for the in-depth interpretation of the yeast autolysis mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Li
- China Light Industry Key Laboratory of Yeast Function, College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei 443002, China.,Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Yeast Function, Angel Yeast Company Limited, Yichang, Hubei 443003, China
| | - Han Ye
- China Light Industry Key Laboratory of Yeast Function, College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei 443002, China
| | - Chao-Qun Xu
- China Light Industry Key Laboratory of Yeast Function, College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei 443002, China
| | - Xiang-Ling Shen
- China Light Industry Key Laboratory of Yeast Function, College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei 443002, China
| | - Xiao-Long Zhang
- China Light Industry Key Laboratory of Yeast Function, College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei 443002, China
| | - Cong Huang
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Yeast Function, Angel Yeast Company Limited, Yichang, Hubei 443003, China
| | - Ben Cheng
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Yeast Function, Angel Yeast Company Limited, Yichang, Hubei 443003, China
| | - Ya-Li Tan
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Yeast Function, Angel Yeast Company Limited, Yichang, Hubei 443003, China
| | - Ze-Tao Xiao
- China Light Industry Key Laboratory of Yeast Function, College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei 443002, China
| | - Yu-Peng Pei
- China Light Industry Key Laboratory of Yeast Function, College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei 443002, China
| | - Kun Zou
- China Light Industry Key Laboratory of Yeast Function, College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei 443002, China
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5
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Abstract
Yeasts are very important microorganisms for food production. The high fermentative capacity, mainly of the species of the genus Saccharomyces, is a key factor for their biotechnological use, particularly to produce alcoholic beverages. As viability and vitality are essential to ensure their correct performance in industry, this review addresses the main aspects related to the cellular aging of these fungi as their senescence impacts their proper functioning. Laboratory strains of S. cerevisiae have proven a very successful model for elucidating the molecular mechanisms that control life span. Those mechanisms are shared by all eukaryotic cells. S. cerevisiae has two models of aging, replicative and chronological. Replicative life span is measured by the number of daughter cells a mother can produce. This kind of aging is relevant when the yeast biomass is reused, as in the case of beer fermentations. Chronological life span is measured by the time cells are viable in the stationary phase, and this is relevant for batch fermentations when cells are most of the time in a non-dividing state, such as wine fermentations. The molecular causes and pathways regulating both types of aging are explained in this review.
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Wang J, Ding H, Zheng F, Li Y, Liu C, Niu C, Li Q. Physiological Changes of Beer Brewer's Yeast During Serial Beer Fermentation. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF BREWING CHEMISTS 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/03610470.2018.1546030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinjing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Lab of Brewing Science and Technology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Huajian Ding
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Lab of Brewing Science and Technology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Feiyun Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Lab of Brewing Science and Technology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yongxian Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Lab of Brewing Science and Technology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Chunfeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Lab of Brewing Science and Technology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Chengtuo Niu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Lab of Brewing Science and Technology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Qi Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Lab of Brewing Science and Technology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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7
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Rationally designed perturbation factor drives evolution in Saccharomyces cerevisiae for industrial application. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 45:869-880. [DOI: 10.1007/s10295-018-2057-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains with favorable characteristics are preferred for application in industries. However, the current ability to reprogram a yeast cell on the genome scale is limited due to the complexity of yeast ploids. In this study, a method named genome replication engineering-assisted continuous evolution (GREACE) was proved efficient in engineering S. cerevisiae with different ploids. Through iterative cycles of culture coupled with selection, GREACE could continuously improve the target traits of yeast by accumulating beneficial genetic modification in genome. The application of GREACE greatly improved the tolerance of yeast against acetic acid compared with their parent strain. This method could also be employed to improve yeast aroma profile and the phenotype could be stably inherited to the offspring. Therefore, GREACE method was efficient in S. cerevisiae engineering and it could be further used to evolve yeast with other specific characteristics.
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Wang J, Li M, Zheng F, Niu C, Liu C, Li Q, Sun J. Cell wall polysaccharides: before and after autolysis of brewer's yeast. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 34:137. [PMID: 30128783 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-018-2508-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Brewer's yeast is used in production of beer since millennia, and it is receiving increased attention because of its distinct fermentation ability and other biological properties. During fermentation, autolysis occurs naturally at the end of growth cycle of yeast. Yeast cell wall provides yeast with osmotic integrity and holds the cell shape upon the cell wall stresses. The cell wall of yeast consists of β-glucans, chitin, mannoproteins, and proteins that cross linked with glycans and a glycolipid anchor. The variation in composition and amount of cell wall polysaccharides during autolysis in response to cell wall stress, laying significant impacts on the autolysis ability of yeast, either benefiting or destroying the flavor of final products. On the other hand, polysaccharides from yeast cell wall show outstanding health effects and are recommended to be used in functional foods. This article reviews the influence of cell wall polysaccharides on yeast autolysis, covering cell wall structure changings during autolysis, and functions and possible applications of cell wall components derived from yeast autolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjing Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China.,Lab of Brewing Science and Engineering of Jiangnan University, China, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mengqi Li
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China.,Lab of Brewing Science and Engineering of Jiangnan University, China, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Feiyun Zheng
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China.,Lab of Brewing Science and Engineering of Jiangnan University, China, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chengtuo Niu
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China.,Lab of Brewing Science and Engineering of Jiangnan University, China, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chunfeng Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China.,Lab of Brewing Science and Engineering of Jiangnan University, China, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qi Li
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China. .,Lab of Brewing Science and Engineering of Jiangnan University, China, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Jinyuan Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Flavor Chemistry, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing, 100048, China.
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9
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Wang J, Mao J, Yang G, Zheng F, Niu C, Li Y, Liu C, Li Q. The FKS family genes cause changes in cell wall morphology resulted in regulation of anti-autolytic ability in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 249:49-56. [PMID: 29040859 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.09.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to discuss the functions of FKS family genes which encode β-1, 3-glucan synthase regarding the viability and autolysis of yeast strain. Loss of FKS1 gene severely influences the viability and anti-autolytic ability of yeast. Mutation of FKS1 and FKS2 genes led to cell reconstruction, resulting in a sharp shrinkage of cell volume and decreased stress resistance, viability, and anti-autolytic ability. Deletion of FKS3 gene did not clearly influence the synthesis of β-1, 3-glucan of yeast but increased the strain's stress resistance, viability, and anti-autolytic ability. It is suggested that FKS3 would be the potential target for improving the stress resistance of yeast. The results revealed the relationship among FKS family genes and demonstrated their functions on yeast cell wall construction and anti-autolytic ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjing Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Lab of Brewing Science and Engineering of Jiangnan University, China, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Jiangchuan Mao
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Lab of Brewing Science and Engineering of Jiangnan University, China, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Ge Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Lab of Brewing Science and Engineering of Jiangnan University, China, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Feiyun Zheng
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Lab of Brewing Science and Engineering of Jiangnan University, China, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Chengtuo Niu
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Lab of Brewing Science and Engineering of Jiangnan University, China, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Yongxian Li
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Lab of Brewing Science and Engineering of Jiangnan University, China, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Chunfeng Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Lab of Brewing Science and Engineering of Jiangnan University, China, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Qi Li
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Lab of Brewing Science and Engineering of Jiangnan University, China, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
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10
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Xing Y, Chen C, Sun W, Zhang B, Sang Y, Xiu Z, Dong Y. An environment-friendly approach to isolate and purify glucan from spent cells of recombinant Pichia pastoris and the bioactivity characterization of the purified glucan. Eng Life Sci 2018; 18:227-235. [PMID: 32624901 DOI: 10.1002/elsc.201700125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
While the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris enables the industrial-scale biosynthesis of many recombinant products, large amount of nutrient-rich biomass emerged along this process. Polysaccharides, especially glucans that are abundant in the cell wall of P. pastoris, are yet to be better utilized owing to their various biological activities. However, the isolation and purification of cell wall glucan from P. pastoris has not been reported. In this study, we established an environment-friendly approach, including induced autolysis, hot-water treatment, ultrasonication, isopropanol extraction, and protease treatment, to isolate and purify glucan from the cell wall of P. pastoris. We achieved a purity of 85.3% and a yield of 11.7% for the purified glucan. Proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and ash were efficiently removed during the purification. The activities of the purified glucan were investigated in mice fed with a high-fat diet. The purified glucan decreased the level of total cholesterol and triglycerides by 30.3 and 29.7%, respectively. This result suggested that the cell wall glucan of P. pastoris could be developed to a therapeutic agent for dyslipidemia. Our study proposed an environment-friendly and effective method to isolate and purify the glucan from P. pastoris, providing solid foundation for the high-value utilization of this yeast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xing
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology Dalian University of Technology Dalian Liaoning P. R. China
| | - Chaonan Chen
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology Dalian University of Technology Dalian Liaoning P. R. China
| | - Wenlong Sun
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology Dalian University of Technology Dalian Liaoning P. R. China
| | - Bowei Zhang
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology Dalian University of Technology Dalian Liaoning P. R. China
| | - Yuanbin Sang
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology Dalian University of Technology Dalian Liaoning P. R. China
| | - Zhilong Xiu
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology Dalian University of Technology Dalian Liaoning P. R. China
| | - Yuesheng Dong
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology Dalian University of Technology Dalian Liaoning P. R. China
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11
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Xu W, Wang J, Li Q. Comparative proteome and transcriptome analysis of lager brewer's yeast in the autolysis process. FEMS Yeast Res 2014; 14:1273-85. [DOI: 10.1111/1567-1364.12223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Revised: 08/31/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Weina Xu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education; School of Biotechnology; Jiangnan University; Wuxi Jiangsu China
| | - Jinjing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education; School of Biotechnology; Jiangnan University; Wuxi Jiangsu China
| | - Qi Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education; School of Biotechnology; Jiangnan University; Wuxi Jiangsu China
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